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New Species of Eirenidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Amazonian Coast (Northern Brazil)

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New Species of Eirenidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Amazonian Coast (Northern Brazil) SCIENTIA MARINA 84(4) December 2020, 421-430, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN-L: 0214-8358 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05051.14A New species of Eirenidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Amazonian coast (northern Brazil) Everton Giachini Tosetto 1, Sigrid Neumann-Leitão 1, Miodeli Nogueira Júnior 2 1 Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Arquitetura, S/N, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil. (EGT) (Corresponding author) E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-0942 (SN-L) E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-8772 2 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. (MNJ) E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-8312 Summary: Two new Eirenidae medusae species were collected on the Amazonian coast, Eutima marajoara n. sp. and Hel- gicirrha angelicae n. sp. The former differs from other species of the genus by the gonads extending along almost the entire length of the subumbrellar portion of the radial canals but not connected to the ring canal, up to 40 marginal tentacles with conical bulbs and 48 marginal warts, lateral cirri and adaxial papillae on some marginal warts and tentacular bulbs. Helgicir- rha angelicae n. sp. differs from other species of the genus by the gonads on the middle portion of the radial canals with medusa buds, the short gastric peduncle, up to 20 marginal tentacles, some with adaxial papillae, up to three marginal warts and two statocysts between successive tentacles, and lateral cirri both on tentacle bulbs and marginal warts. Keywords: jellyfish; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; taxonomy; biodiversity; Atlantic Ocean; new species. Nuevas especies de Eirenidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) de la costa amazónica (norte de Brasil) Resumen: En la costa amazónica se recolectaron dos nuevas especies de medusas Eirenidae, Eutima marajoara n. sp. y Helgicirrha angelicae n. sp. La primera se diferencia de otras especies del género por las gónadas que se extienden a lo largo de casi toda la longitud de la porción subumbrellar de los canales radiales, pero no conectados al canal circular, hasta 40 tentáculos marginales con bulbos cónicos y 48 verrugas marginales, cirros laterales y papilas adaxiales en algunas verrugas marginales y bulbos tentaculares. Helgicirrha angelicae n. sp. se diferencia de otras especies del género por las gónadas en la porción media de los canales radiales con yemas de medusa, pedúnculo gástrico corto, hasta 20 tentáculos marginales, algunos con papilas adaxiales, hasta tres verrugas marginales y dos estatocistos entre tentáculos sucesivos, lateral cirros tanto en bulbos de tentáculos como en verrugas marginales. Palabras clave: medusa; Cnidaria; hidrozoos; taxonomia; biodiversidad; océano Atlántico; especies nuevas. Citation/Como citar este artículo: Tosetto E.G., Neumann-Leitão S., Nogueira Júnior, M. 2020. New species of Eirenidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Amazonian coast (northern Brazil). Sci. Mar. 84(4): 421-430. https://doi.org/10.3989/ scimar.05051.14A LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CABF289-3032-4718-851D-4CEC6263AC9F Editor: D. Lindsay. Received: March 16, 2020. Accepted: September 20, 2020. Published: October 27, 2020. Copyright: © 2020 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. INTRODUCTION Eirenidae genera there are eight statocysts (rarely 12) while in others there are an indefinite number, but Hydromedusae from the family Eirenidae Hae- always more than eight in adult medusae (Bouillon ckel, 1879 are easily distinguished from other Lepto- 1984, 1999, Bouillon et al. 2006). Among those with thecata by the presence of a distinct gastric peduncle eight statocysts, Eutima McCrady, 1859 differs from and closed statocysts (Bouillon et al. 2006). In some Eugymnanthea Palombi, 1936 by the adult medusae 422 Table 1. – Comparison of main characters of the valid medusae species of the genus Eutima. ND, no data. • E.G. Tosettoetal. Species Umbrella Tentacles Warts Gonads Papillae Peduncle Distribution Reference Eutima marajoara n. sp. Up to 9.5 mm with thin Up to 40 Up to 48 Subumbrella Present 1/4 of umbrella North Brazil This study mesoglea diameter Eutima cirrhifera Up to 9.8 mm 8 24-49 Subumbrella Absent Small Japan Kakinuma, 1964, Bouillon (Kakinuma, 1964) 1984 Eutima coerulea Up to 10 mm, mesoglea 32 96 Restricted to peduncle Absent 1/2 of umbrella Bahamas, Florida, Tortuga Kramp 1961, (Agassiz, 1862) thick at apex diameter, tapering Bouillon 1999 Eutima commensalis Up to 5.9 mm 8 48-80 Subumbrella Absent Small Indian, Arabian Sea Santhakumari 1970, Santhakumari, 1970 Bouillon 1984 Eutima curva Browne, Up to 25 mm, with 4 120-140 Restricted to peduncle Absent Long, pyramidal Indo-Pacific, China Sea Kramp 1961, Bouillon and 1905 thick mesoglea above Barnett 1999 Eutima diademata Up to 15 mm, almost 8 50-80 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent Long Indo-Pacific Kramp 1959, Guo et al. (Kramp, 1959) hemispherical on peduncle 2008 Eutima gegenbauri Up to 20 mm, 8 to 16 60-80 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Present Very long Mediterranean, European Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 (Haeckel, 1864) hemispherical on peduncle Atlantic, Australia, China Sea Eutima gentiana Up to 8 mm, higher 8 16 Restricted to peduncle Absent Very long Canary Islands, China Sea Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 (Haeckel, 1879) than wide Eutima gracilis (Forbes Up to 13 mm, with 2 or 4 40-80 Restricted to peduncle Absent Long and narrow, Mediterranean, European Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1999 and Goodsir, 1853) thick mesoglea with conical base Atlantic, West Africa Eutima hartlaubi Kramp, Up to 15 mm, flatter 12 to 14 32 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent 1/2 of umbrella Djibouti, Nicobar, Aden Kramp 1958, Bouillon 1984 1958 than hemispherical on peduncle diameter Gulf, Indian Eutima japonica Uchida, Hemispherical 8 16 Subumbrella, part of Absent Small Japan, North Pacific Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 1925 peduncle Eutima levuka (Agassiz Up to 15 mm 8 100 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent 1 1/2 of umbrella Indo-Pacific, China Sea Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 and Mayer, 1899) on peduncle diameter Eutima longigonia Up to 88 mm, flatter 8 64-80 Restricted to peduncle Absent = umbrella Papua New Guinea Bouillon 1984 Bouillon, 1984 than hemispherical diameter Eutima mira McCrady, Up to 30 mm, as broad 4 ~100 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent Long, tapering Indo-Pacific, Brazil, Northeast Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1999 1859 as wide on peduncle Atlantic, China Sea Eutima modesta Up to 8 mm, flat 16 16+ Subumbrella Absent 1/2 of umbrella Djibouti, Aden Gulf Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 (Hartlaub, 1909) diameter Eutima mucosa Bouillon, Up to 15 mm, flat 8 56-80 Subumbrella Absent 1/2 of umbrella Papua New Guinea Bouillon 1984 1984 diameter Eutima neucaledonia Up to 9 mm, flat 8 48-56 Subumbrella Absent = umbrella New Caledonia Uchida 1964, Bouillon Uchida, 1964 diameter 1984 Eutima orientalis Up to 6 mm 4 60-80 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent 2x umbrella Sri Lanka Kramp 1968 (Browne, 1905) on peduncle diameter Eutima sapinhoa Narchi Up to 4 mm, slightly 4 28 Subumbrella Absent = umbrella Brazil Narchi and Hebling 1975, and Hebling, 1975 higher than wide diameter Bouillon 1984 Eutima suzannae 5.7 mm, wider than 8 32 Subumbrella Present 1/2 of umbrella North Carolina Allwein 1967, Bouillon Allwein, 1967 high diameter 1984 Eutima variabilis ND 20 (4 longer) 36 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent 1-1.5 of umbrella East USA, China Sea Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984 McCrady, 1859 on peduncle height Eutima taiwanensis Xu, Up to 12 mm, 12-16 80-120 8: 4 on radial canals, 4 Absent Long Taiwan Strait Guo et al. 2019 Huang and Guo, 2019 hemispherical on peduncle SCI. MAR. 84(4), December 2020, 421-430. ISSN-L 0214-8358 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05051.14A New Eirenidae from the Amazonian coast • 423 with tentacles and from Eutimalphes Haeckel, 1879, Eutonina Hartlaub, 1897 and Neotima Petersen, 1962 by the presence of lateral cirri on marginal warts and/or tentacles (Bouillon 1999, Bouillon et al. 2006). In the second case, Helgicirrha Hartlaub, 1909 differs from Eirene Eschscholtz, 1829, Tima Eschscholtz, 1829 and Phialopsis Torrey, 1909 by the presence of lateral cirri on tentacular bulbs and from Irenium Haeckel, 1879 by the gonads restricted to the subumbrellar part of the radial canals (Bouillon 1999, Bouillon et al. 2006). Currently there are 22 valid species described in the genus Eutima and 11 (one with a temporary name) in Helgicirrha in the World Register of Marine Species (Schuchert 2020). Although the general shape of the umbrella, gastric peduncle and manubrium may help with identification, species in the two genera are main- ly distinguished by the shape and position of the go- nads, the number of marginal structures and presence/ absence of adaxial papillae or excretory pores (Kramp 1961, Bouillon 1984). This is not an easy assignment since most species show a high level of intraspecific variability (Tables 1, 2), which has not been described in detail, particularly when in juvenile and/or not fully developed specimens. Specimens from two Eirenidae species were found in a scientific expedition along the Amazonian coast of northern Brazil (Araujo et al. 2017, Tosetto et al. 2019). Species of the family are typically coastal and/ or estuarine, often occurring in high abundance (Can- ché-Canché and Castellanos-Osorio 2005, Morales- Fig. 1. – Sample sites for Eutima marajoara n. sp. (circles) and Hel- Ramírez and Nowaczyk 2006, Mediseh et al. 2017). gicirrha angelicae n. sp. (diamond) along the Amazonian coast. “H” This aspect, associated with the high feeding rates indicates holotype locality. of pelagic cnidarians (Hays et al.
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