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Reprinted/. from .14* the U. S. Lighthouse- --- Society’s-- The Keeper’s Log – Spring, 1988 <www.USLHS.org> 91"4 E#WIR'j,0044 -wi *421= .1429/'A The& Lighthouses .*.- 4.& 9/9,/ARGAAX#47 « Tr. j , 1 1'4 *4- .-' /= -.- ; - ft/.--S--- - - -2 - :----*'.9 1*£46/2 3 a„A;&. wivan " \* J 4 --%*. ---- -----%--).I-*--.%- '-4.. I. .\ :1-46*- -7-1:'*- \ .--14!1 21).j3,*A »/'of-- --- 4 -=i---1 - 7 39,6 \ .rhi k --t .9-1.'.-.,-'=e S'*'. 11*r VAL)*I4. '. PS --32 \ P'. I , "fe# ...,„ ArI - ...-»« . --:- C'9" 92' V.'....K Ar 'i - - , . 1 I / , · -·'- =='W ,.,: /.* .)1' /. .-- ··'# '1 . i-#1.'4 ..d * h)- .A . 4, . r i. 1 3/ , .3 »3 IfYY2- 1. 11 t'... ' 2 Iq. 1 St .:."'· - ' » s the crow flies, the coastline of Ilillf ..3,„ r,-l..., ./ , I i... f Georgia measures only some 100 miles, v 1 - 4 which doesn't give the state a whole lot 9V.fi \ 7 < ofelbow room on the otherwise expan- . * - * # 4 sive Atlantic seaboard. One can be ex- .- t from making the -=+ . 4 ( cused, therefore, 6* natural deduction that, with such a 6 , • 7 j limited tract of oceanfront real estate, 4 4 I Georgia would have little in the way of (f hghthouse history and tradition. & Nothing could be further from the truth. most recognizable . 44 In fact, one of the ·2, iti statements about Georgia, even from a ,« national standpoint, involves a b $ lighthouse. ...: b--Z - t.. ./tal In 1884, Methodist Bishop George . 't„.B-./. N: ».p--2.8, W ;i. Foster Pierce coined the famous phrase C -*'/W//66//6 which several generations of state politi- iii:..tia::-,Fl-*. cians have subsequently used to measure -Waa. the wide scope and diversity of the the mountains Georgia landscape from - to the sea That year, on the occasion of - -. his golden wedding anniversary, Bishop AW 1.-- dillt' George Pierce remarked, "A finer woman, a better wife, a more prudent - ..t: «.. , ... * .VA - D A -11:#'. 14- ' Jgma counsellor-I could not have found bet- 3 / -s<34 * C.0. Svendsen and Keeper family ween the Tybee Lighthouse and Rabun e'.wir' p':Se,5*.' 44 St. Simons Island in 1910. 91 , Coastal Georgia Historical Society Gap" y l. photo. Reprinted from the U. S. Lighthouse Society’s The Keeper’s Log – Spring, 1988 <www.USLHS.org> 2 Spring 1988-The Keeper's Log a century, '-rl hus, for more than I when Georgians have wanted to 1 make an all-encompassing state- * ment about something, they invariably .."I»",'...." fall back upon the old yardstick which covers the territory from the Blue Ridge 1 **1'»T'*.•. Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean, "From Rabun Gap to Tybee Light." It's .rpt:r"/WTr.'.$, 3 i :'7 as Georgian as grits and collard greens and it points directly to a rich and in- teresting lighthouse history despite the .- I state's abbreviated coastline. Georgia's association with lighthouses dates as far back as the earliest days of the colony itself, which was founded in 1773 when - General James Edward Oglethorpe and his company landed at the high bluff / which he named Savannah. Oglethorpe realized early on the that the economic survival ofthe infant colony woulcllarge- ly depend on the establishment of trade and the development of Savannah as a commercial port of significance. He punctuated these aspirations by order- -. ing the construction of Georgia's first navigational aid at the entrance to the . &-.Sp * .*AC • ...*T -1. 'r ' 1 - .5- * "; --- : Savannah harbor on Tybee Island in A' 4 t e. , --'. fi If*3 1-*t. ......,- 1. A T/ 1736, only three years after the colony I -1& ir•l 2' r I , .1 1- . , . 4 was begun. A total of 15 lighthouses . (counting the WolfIsland Beacon)have » e 9, been built on the Georgia Coast since - 1736. Only five ofthese still stand, and '»« 2..'. of this group, only two remain . -1 - 11111.-t S: . I operational-the lights on Tybee Island to guide the cargo ship traffic into the Savannah port (the nation's 10th busiest) and on St. Simons Island further to the Tybee Island Lighthouse circa 1910. Photo courtesy of Buddy Sullivan. south for the smaller ships approaching he lighthouse on Tybee Island his work from authoritative lighthouse of Brunswick. port 'T• was first illuminated in 1791, the historian D. Alan Stevenson. Stevenson, In the first halfofthe 19th century the 1. lighthouse on St. Simons Island in his exhaustive study, Lighthouses of the its of barrier Georgia coast, with string followed in 1810. In 1819 Winslow Lewis World to 1820, notes: "Statements that islands providing ideal harbors and pro- of Boston was contracted by the US. have appeared in American accounts tected anchorages, had a thriving Lighthouse Service to construct a pair praising Lewis's lights and even declaring seaborne and com- inland waterway of Georgia Lighthouses, one on the that he studied under Fresnelin France, merce. Towns such as Brunswick Darien, south end of Sapelo Island for vessels ap- are not true...Lewis's lights were definite- and St. Marys joined Savannah as im- proaching the port at Darien, and the ly very bad [including] a defective lens portant ports for the export of Georgia other on the south end ofCumberland to obstruct the flame of the lamps from cotton and timber. Cotton was king, of to serve ships entering the St. showing directly seawards ... Island and blocking course, and the state's ports were the ma- Mary's and Fernandina harbors. a large proportion of the rays from the jor outlets for the thousands ofbales an- In 1812, Lewis sold the Lighthouse Ser- reflecto ..[Lewis] made no pretension to nually bound for European and nor- vice a patent for an optic incorporating a knowledge ofoptics as now understood theastern US. markets. All ofthese ports a lens and mirror arrangement in addi- and his reflectors came about as near to were marked by a series of lighthouses tion to obtaining a contract to install his a true paraboloid as did a barber's basin." from Tybee Roads at Savannah apparatus in all government lighthouses. Allin all, not a very strong endorsement southward to St. Marys Entrance at Fer- Lewis (1770-1850), a retired sea captain, of the work of Mr. Lewis. nandina, Florida. doesn't get high marks for the quality of Reprinted from the U. S. Lighthouse Society’s The Keeper’s Log – Spring, 1988 <www.USLHS.org> Famous American Lighthouse-Spring 1988 3 within 30 feet ofthe beacon, and in 1757 the third time. rati=. » it hadThis towerto bewas rebuilterected forfurther away from ./.-i the water and protected by a retaining 7..: wall of to resist the · · . , LA,6 ./1 I palmetto puncheons sea. :'.. - yet another tower was con. p ...'' . ...':.6*&.S In 1773, ·· .& '1(4.'"'S.' structed, this one on the site of the pre- , *.... :.&. I...'. -p .- ,i , - ·, . », sent Tybee lighthouse In fact, the brick 1*2''IR//1A ..."1...'..t.=A".1 ·· base tower · '3.,=..2..... r.,4 I ·. -3''i . ,... ,· .f. .. ' L )/ '» ofthe 1773 forms the foun- dation of the present lighthouse. « -11 In 1791, two years after the founding i · '. " .' , 1 '1 1 ;Ai . ': ,72.1.../9.( 41=,1., ''.i-i .,1,',A < 1f #31' i- of the US. Lighthouse Service, the 4-9 :.' .2 ··,1 .. :-- Lits,-les;:&. 69 2.--,4'-:.,t,1 *..'...le:; ,# 4 -,6 44 -4.*:*pl % im#4 1.eke'*,r*S.,»:, hi,=i . in:t , , ¥ federal government made extensive im- ' 1 ··:. $'---- '/S Ip. , '' A.9-4./mwmmm"#45/'3417-2#..CE:.._ provements to the tower including the B -- - rl = , .'..n.. 4,1· · 44*03#24*..mi'/// , , v..'r.*- ' . , 1 44 ., I - - "Ah /£. 5 ElI .4:, installation of a lantern atop the struc- ' .. 0,"Mwbry 1Mippk . * J.>,«45$ *:.' 11# ·' *S, ture, lighting the Tybee tower forthefirst _ i:* -1 - - ,- « #i' F '.«fs' *4/fir"-S time. Illumination was provided by ,-„ '- '·--,5 -="*»-1,1.0*-, ," .1,- 1 · -, . ,. > ...... .El 's, 0*MAF-:t'-4 ----"i'**g ==....v*li whale oil fueled lamps and the lighthouse became one of considerable The burning of the Tybee LIghthouse in 1862 by Confederate troops. Photo courtesy of Buddy Sullivan. importance as commercial activity at Savannah continued to increase throughout the first half of the 19th uring the Civil War most portion. No other light on the east coast 7r) century. southern lighthouses, in- is marked the same way. Thus, passing I I In 1822 a second tower of 50 feet was 1J cluding those in Georgia, were ships with could say certainty that they constructed either destroyed or dismantled by the were passing Tybee Island. seaward and equipped with a 6 lamp array that produced a fixed Confederates to deny coastal naviga- At the start of World War II all but two light. The light from this tower used in tional aids to blockading Federal war- of Georgia's light stations had been deac- conjunction with the Tybee light provid- ships. Later, the lighthouses were rebuilt, tivated by the Lighthouse Service due to for mariners the river their Lewis designed lenses discarded a severe decline in trade and the result- ed a range entering of and the much more efficient Fresnellens ant decrease in shipping traffic at the [Keep'-Range Lights are a pair lights that can be aligned so as to show the systems installed. Georgia's coastal com- smaller ports. Only Tybee and St. mariner he is in the center of a merce revived after the Civil War as Simons have continued to remain opera- channel]. A Fresnel lens of the second order was lucrative timber trades developed. tional under the jurisdiction of the US.
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