A Brief Timeline of Trinity House History
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Influence of the Spatial Pressure Distribution of Breaking Wave
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Influence of the Spatial Pressure Distribution of Breaking Wave Loading on the Dynamic Response of Wolf Rock Lighthouse Darshana T. Dassanayake 1,2,* , Alessandro Antonini 3 , Athanasios Pappas 4, Alison Raby 2 , James Mark William Brownjohn 5 and Dina D’Ayala 4 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana 10206, Sri Lanka 2 School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (D.D.) 5 College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The survivability analysis of offshore rock lighthouses requires several assumptions of the pressure distribution due to the breaking wave loading (Raby et al. (2019), Antonini et al. (2019). Due to the peculiar bathymetries and topographies of rock pinnacles, there is no dedicated formula to properly quantify the loads induced by the breaking waves on offshore rock lighthouses. Wienke’s formula (Wienke and Oumeraci (2005) was used in this study to estimate the loads, even though it was not derived for breaking waves on offshore rock lighthouses, but rather for the breaking wave loading on offshore monopiles. -
Beacons of the Coast
National Seashore National Park Service Cape Lookout U.S. Department of the Inerior Beacons of the Coast Over a century ago, mariners travelling along the Atlantic coast encountered dangerous shoals and treacherous storms. Their guides were the beacons of light produced by lighthouses which helped mariners navigate the perilous coastline. For mariners traveling along the North Carolina coast, seven lighthouse beacons were constructed to guide them through an area known as the “Graveyard of the Atlantic.” Hundreds of shipwrecks occurred due to the dangers of this area. Today, the ships traveling the coast use modern tools such as radar and sonar. The beacons continue to operate, standing as a reminder of the hardships encountered by our ancestors to help settle the country. These seven lighthouses found on the North Carolina coast stand as pieces of our past. CURRITUCK BEACH LIGHTHOUSE This lighthouse was constructed from 1874 - 1875, and it lit the last dark spot on the Carolina coast between the Cape Fear lighthouse in Virginia and Bodie Island. The red brick lighthouse rises 158 feet above sea level. Unlike many other lighthouses that received distinctive day marks, Currituck was not painted. But its red brick is unique on the Carolina coast. It has a short light signal: 5 seconds on, 15 seconds off. There is a Fresnel lens still working in the lighthouse and it is activated from dusk to dawn. Currituck Lighthouse is open 10-6 daily from Easter to Thanksgiving weekend. You can walk to the top of the lighthouse. BODIE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE This was the third lighthouse to be built on Bodie Island (pronounced “body”) and was constructed in the early 1870’s. -
The Oldest Lighthouse 1
The Oldest Lighthouse 1 The Oldest Lighthouse Ken Trethewey1 Fig. 1: The Pharos at Dover, built around the 2nd c. BCE., is a candidate for the oldest existing lighthouse. Introduction harologists are frequently asked, What is the oldest A light marking the tomb of Achilles at Sigeum in the Plighthouse? The answer is, of course, difficult to Hellespont has frequently been proposed. Its location answer without further qualification. Different people at the entrance to the strategic route between the might argue over the definition of a lighthouse, for Mediterranean and Black Seas would have created example.2 Others might be asking about the first a vital navigational aid as long ago as the twelfth or lighthouse that was ever built. A third group might be thirteenth centuries BCE. This could have inspired ideas asking for the oldest lighthouse they can see right now. of lighthouses, even if its form was inconsistent with All of these questions have been dealt with in detail our traditional designs. In later centuries (though still in my recent publication.3 The paper that follows is an prior to the building of the Alexandrian Pharos) Greeks overview of the subject for the casual reader. seem to have been using small stone towers with fires on top (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) to indicate the approaches Ancient Lighthouses to ports in the Aegean. Thus, however the idea was actually conceived, the Greeks can legitimately claim to Most commonly the answer given to questions have inspired an aid to navigation that has been of great about the oldest lighthouse has been the Pharos at value to mariners right up to the present day. -
Trinity House to Decommission Royal Sovereign Lighthouse End of Serviceable Life
Trinity House to decommission Royal Sovereign Lighthouse End of serviceable life Trinity House London* has begun preparatory work on a project to decommission Royal Sovereign Lighthouse** (English Channel, South coast of England, 50°43′24″N 0°26′08″E). It is the intention that the now-deteriorating lighthouse will be completely removed clear to the seabed. This has necessitated that Beachy Head Lighthouse be upgraded to ensure the safety of the mariner in those waters. Trinity House aims to commence work in 2020. Royal Sovereign Lighthouse was built in 1971 with a design life of 50 years. Having monitored the fabric of the lighthouse over the last decade and observing the expected signs of deterioration, Trinity House concluded that the ongoing safety of the mariner requires that the structure be fully decommissioned. Royal Sovereign Lighthouse has provided nearly 50 years of reliable service as an aid to navigation, one of over 600 that Trinity House operates for the benefit and safety of the mariner. In anticipation of its intention to remove Royal Sovereign Lighthouse, Trinity House upgraded Beachy Head Lighthouse; it will also increase the capability of the offshore CS2 buoy and will retain the nearby Royal Sovereign buoy. The upgrade to Beachy Head Lighthouse has increased the number of solar panels around the base of its lantern gallery and installed a longer-range LED light source; the CS2 lighted buoy will also benefit from an increase in range. The upgrade to Beachy Head Lighthouse will come as good news to mariners and the local community alike. Once Trinity House decommissions Royal Sovereign Lighthouse as proposed, Beachy Head Lighthouse’s future is secured as the principal aid to navigation in the area. -
The General Lighthouse Fund 2003-2004 HC
CONTENTS Foreword to the accounts 1 Performance Indicators for the General Lighthouse Authorities 7 Constitutions of the General Lighthouse Authorities and their board members 10 Statement of the responsibilities of the General Lighthouse Authorities’ boards, Secretary of State for Transport and the Accounting Officer 13 Statement of Internal control 14 Certificate of the Comptroller and Auditor General to the Houses of Parliament 16 Income and expenditure account 18 Balance sheet 19 Cash flow statement 20 Notes to the accounts 22 Five year summary 40 Appendix 1 41 Appendix 2 44 iii FOREWORD TO THE ACCOUNTS for the year ended 31 March 2004 The report and accounts of the General Lighthouse Fund (the Fund) are prepared pursuant to Section 211(5) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. Accounting for the Fund The Companies Act 1985 does not apply to all public bodies but the principles that underlie the Act’s accounting and disclosure requirements are of general application: their purpose is to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the body concerned. The Government therefore has decided that the accounts of public bodies should be prepared in a way that conforms as closely as possible with the Act’s requirements and also complies with Accounting Standards where applicable. The accounts are prepared in accordance with accounts directions issued by the Secretary of State for Transport. The Fund’s accounts consolidate the General Lighthouse Authorities’ (GLAs) accounts and comply as appropriate with this policy. The notes to the Bishop Rock Lighthouse accounts contain further information. Section 211(5) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 requires the Secretary of State to lay the Fund’s accounts before Parliament. -
Black's Guide to Devonshire
$PI|c>y » ^ EXETt R : STOI Lundrvl.^ I y. fCamelford x Ho Town 24j Tfe<n i/ lisbeard-- 9 5 =553 v 'Suuiland,ntjuUffl " < t,,, w;, #j A~ 15 g -- - •$3*^:y&« . Pui l,i<fkl-W>«? uoi- "'"/;< errtland I . V. ',,, {BabburomheBay 109 f ^Torquaylll • 4 TorBa,, x L > \ * Vj I N DEX MAP TO ACCOMPANY BLACKS GriDE T'i c Q V\ kk&et, ii £FC Sote . 77f/? numbers after the names refer to the page in GuidcBook where die- description is to be found.. Hack Edinburgh. BEQUEST OF REV. CANON SCADDING. D. D. TORONTO. 1901. BLACK'S GUIDE TO DEVONSHIRE. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/blacksguidetodevOOedin *&,* BLACK'S GUIDE TO DEVONSHIRE TENTH EDITION miti) fffaps an* Hlustrations ^ . P, EDINBURGH ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK 1879 CLUE INDEX TO THE CHIEF PLACES IN DEVONSHIRE. For General Index see Page 285. Axniinster, 160. Hfracombe, 152. Babbicombe, 109. Kent Hole, 113. Barnstaple, 209. Kingswear, 119. Berry Pomeroy, 269. Lydford, 226. Bideford, 147. Lynmouth, 155. Bridge-water, 277. Lynton, 156. Brixham, 115. Moreton Hampstead, 250. Buckfastleigh, 263. Xewton Abbot, 270. Bude Haven, 223. Okehampton, 203. Budleigh-Salterton, 170. Paignton, 114. Chudleigh, 268. Plymouth, 121. Cock's Tor, 248. Plympton, 143. Dartmoor, 242. Saltash, 142. Dartmouth, 117. Sidmouth, 99. Dart River, 116. Tamar, River, 273. ' Dawlish, 106. Taunton, 277. Devonport, 133. Tavistock, 230. Eddystone Lighthouse, 138. Tavy, 238. Exe, The, 190. Teignmouth, 107. Exeter, 173. Tiverton, 195. Exmoor Forest, 159. Torquay, 111. Exmouth, 101. Totnes, 260. Harewood House, 233. Ugbrooke, 10P. -
THE TRINITY HOUSE LUNDY ARCHIVE: a PAPER in MEMORY of the LIGHTHOUSE KEEPERS of LUNDY by R.W.E
Rep. Lundy Field SOc. 44 THE TRINITY HOUSE LUNDY ARCHIVE: A PAPER IN MEMORY OF THE LIGHTHOUSE KEEPERS OF LUNDY By R.W.E. Farrah 4, Railway Cottages, Long Marton, Appleby, Cumbria CAI6 6BY INTRODUCTION The approaches to the Bristol Channel along the northern coast of Cornwall and Devon offer very little shelter for the seafarer during severe weather conditions. Lundy, however, situated at the mouth of the Channel central to the busy sea lanes, is one exception and has provided an important refuge on the leeward side of the island throughout the historic period. Before the navigational aids of the lighthouses were built, the island must also have proved hostile to the mariner, especially during hours of darkness and poor visibility. The number of shipwrecks and marine disasters around the island bear testimony to this. The dangers were considerable; although the tidal streams to the west of Lundy are moderate, they are strong around the island. There are several bad races, to the north-east (The White Horses), the north-west (T)1e Hen and Chickens) and to the south-east. There are also overfalls over the north-west bank. Some appreciation of the dangers the island posed can be seen from the statistics issued by a Royal Commission of 1859 who were reporting on a harbour refuge scheme. They noted that: "out of 173 wrecks in the Bristol Channel in 1856-57, 97 received their damage and 44 lives were lost east of Lundy; while 76 vessels were lost or damaged and 58 lives sacrificed west of Lundy, thus showing the island to be nearly in the centre of the dangerous parts" (quoted in Langham A and M, 1984,92). -
£Utufy !Fie{T{Societyn.F:Wsfetter
£utufy!fie{t{ Society N.f:ws fetter 9{{;32 Spring2002 CONTENTS Page Report of LFS AGM 2/3/2002 Ann Westcott 1 The Chairman's address to members Roger Chapple 2 Editorial AnnWestcott 2 HM Queen's Silver Jubilee visit Myrtle Ternstrom 6 Letters to the Editor & Incunabula Various 8 The Palm Saturday Crossing Our Nautical Correspondent 20 Marisco- A Tale of Lundy Willlam Crossing 23 Listen to the Country SPB Mais 36 A Dreamful of Dragons Charlie Phlllips 43 § � AnnWestcott The Quay Gallery, The Quay, Appledbre. Devon EX39 lQS Printed& Boun d by: Lazarus Press Unit 7 Caddsdown Business Park, Bideford, Devon EX39 3DX § FOR SALE Richard Perry: Lundy, Isle of Pufflns Second edition 1946 Hardback. Cloth cover. Very good condition, with map (but one or two black Ink marks on cover) £8.50 plus £1 p&p. Apply to: Myrtle Ternstrom Whistling Down Eric Delderfleld: North Deuon Story Sandy Lane Road 1952. revised 1962. Ralelgh Press. Exmouth. Cheltenham One chapter on Lundy. Glos Paperback. good condition. GL53 9DE £4.50 plus SOp p&p. LUNDY AGM 2/3/2002 As usual this was a wonderful meeting for us all, before & at the AGM itself & afterwards at the Rougemont. A special point of interest arose out of the committee meeting & the Rougemont gathering (see page 2) In the Chair, Jenny George began the meeting. Last year's AGM minutes were read, confirmed & signed. Mention was made of an article on the Lundy Cabbage in 'British Wildlife' by Roger Key (see page 11 of this newsletter). The meeting's attention was also drawn to photographs on the LFS website taken by the first LFS warden. -
Historically Famous Lighthouses
HISTORICALLY FAMOUS LIGHTHOUSES CG-232 CONTENTS Foreword ALASKA Cape Sarichef Lighthouse, Unimak Island Cape Spencer Lighthouse Scotch Cap Lighthouse, Unimak Island CALIFORNIA Farallon Lighthouse Mile Rocks Lighthouse Pigeon Point Lighthouse St. George Reef Lighthouse Trinidad Head Lighthouse CONNECTICUT New London Harbor Lighthouse DELAWARE Cape Henlopen Lighthouse Fenwick Island Lighthouse FLORIDA American Shoal Lighthouse Cape Florida Lighthouse Cape San Blas Lighthouse GEORGIA Tybee Lighthouse, Tybee Island, Savannah River HAWAII Kilauea Point Lighthouse Makapuu Point Lighthouse. LOUISIANA Timbalier Lighthouse MAINE Boon Island Lighthouse Cape Elizabeth Lighthouse Dice Head Lighthouse Portland Head Lighthouse Saddleback Ledge Lighthouse MASSACHUSETTS Boston Lighthouse, Little Brewster Island Brant Point Lighthouse Buzzards Bay Lighthouse Cape Ann Lighthouse, Thatcher’s Island. Dumpling Rock Lighthouse, New Bedford Harbor Eastern Point Lighthouse Minots Ledge Lighthouse Nantucket (Great Point) Lighthouse Newburyport Harbor Lighthouse, Plum Island. Plymouth (Gurnet) Lighthouse MICHIGAN Little Sable Lighthouse Spectacle Reef Lighthouse Standard Rock Lighthouse, Lake Superior MINNESOTA Split Rock Lighthouse NEW HAMPSHIRE Isle of Shoals Lighthouse Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse NEW JERSEY Navesink Lighthouse Sandy Hook Lighthouse NEW YORK Crown Point Memorial, Lake Champlain Portland Harbor (Barcelona) Lighthouse, Lake Erie Race Rock Lighthouse NORTH CAROLINA Cape Fear Lighthouse "Bald Head Light’ Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Cape Lookout Lighthouse. Ocracoke Lighthouse.. OREGON Tillamook Rock Lighthouse... RHODE ISLAND Beavertail Lighthouse. Prudence Island Lighthouse SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Lighthouse, Morris Island TEXAS Point Isabel Lighthouse VIRGINIA Cape Charles Lighthouse Cape Henry Lighthouse WASHINGTON Cape Flattery Lighthouse Foreword Under the supervision of the United States Coast Guard, there is only one manned lighthouses in the entire nation. There are hundreds of other lights of varied description that are operated automatically. -
The Story of Our Lighthouses and Lightships
E-STORy-OF-OUR HTHOUSES'i AMLIGHTSHIPS BY. W DAMS BH THE STORY OF OUR LIGHTHOUSES LIGHTSHIPS Descriptive and Historical W. II. DAVENPORT ADAMS THOMAS NELSON AND SONS London, Edinburgh, and Nnv York I/K Contents. I. LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY, ... ... ... ... 9 II. LIGHTHOUSE ADMINISTRATION, ... ... ... ... 31 III. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... 39 IV. THE ILLUMINATING APPARATUS OF LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... 46 V. LIGHTHOUSES OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND DESCRIBED, ... 73 VI. LIGHTHOUSES OF IRELAND DESCRIBED, ... ... ... 255 VII. SOME FRENCH LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... ... ... 288 VIII. LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNITED STATES, ... ... ... 309 IX. LIGHTHOUSES IN OUR COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES, ... 319 X. FLOATING LIGHTS, OR LIGHTSHIPS, ... ... ... 339 XI. LANDMARKS, BEACONS, BUOYS, AND FOG-SIGNALS, ... 355 XII. LIFE IN THE LIGHTHOUSE, ... ... ... 374 LIGHTHOUSES. CHAPTER I. LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY. T)OPULARLY, the lighthouse seems to be looked A upon as a modern invention, and if we con- sider it in its present form, completeness, and efficiency, we shall be justified in limiting its history to the last centuries but as soon as men to down two ; began go to the sea in ships, they must also have begun to ex- perience the need of beacons to guide them into secure channels, and warn them from hidden dangers, and the pressure of this need would be stronger in the night even than in the day. So soon as a want is man's invention hastens to it and strongly felt, supply ; we may be sure, therefore, that in the very earliest ages of civilization lights of some kind or other were introduced for the benefit of the mariner. It may very well be that these, at first, would be nothing more than fires kindled on wave-washed promontories, 10 LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY. -
The Corporation Trinity House Deptford Strond
THE CORPORATION T R I N I TY H O U S E DEPTFORD STROND fl 9192111 0 11 3 E G I N ’h S T O I Y 8 N T T S u C I O N S . J p Q , j i , ; f P R I N TE D ( F O R P R ] V A TE D I S TR I B U TI O N ) B Y N R O W W SMIT H E BBS P O ST E R T O E R H IL L . , 5, , M D C I I I I I I I I I TO H I S R O YAL H I GH N ESS T H E U E O F E I N U R GH K . G. K. T. D K D B , , , aste: of fi s fi nr or ti of O rinit 0 11 3 2 w g g a nu g £ , T H E F O L L O W I N A AR E G P GES , BY E R I I O N P M SS , O R E P E U LY I CA M ST S CTF L DED TED , I H T H E L O YAL U Y W T D T , P R F D E E M O O U N E ST , A N D S P E C I AL C O N GR AT U L AT I O N F T H E I R O CO MP LE . -
08 Feb 2021 Eindrucksvolle Wahrzeichen an Englands Küste
Eindrucksvolle Wahrzeichen an Englands Küste Leuchttürme faszinieren. Sie sind romantisch schön, symbolisieren Weite und Freiheit, sind Landmarken für Schiffe, geben Orientierung und weisen den Weg. Wer sich aus der aktuellen Situation schon einmal „wegträumen“ möchte, wird an Englands Küste leicht fündig und kann interessante Wanderungen häufig von Turm zu Turm planen. „Weit über 60 Leuchttürme reihen sich, einer Perlenschnur gleich, entlang der reizvollen und abwechslungsreichen Küste, viele von ihnen sind der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich“, sagt Samantha Richardson, Direktorin der National Coastal Tourism Academy, die das Projekt „England’s Coast“ leitet. „Die Türme stehen abseits üblicher Touristenpfade, eignen sich wunderbar als Fotomotive und in einigen kann man sogar übernachten – weit weg vom Alltag und inmitten traumhaft einsamer Küstenlandschaften. Und sobald die Einschränkungen es zulassen, machen sie eine Reise an die Küste zu einem magischen Besuch“, so Richardson. England’s Coast ist ein Zusammenschluss aller acht englischen Küstenregionen, die mit dem Projekt ihre Kultur, sagenreiche Geschichte und malerischen Küstenlandschaften vermarkten. Auf Flamborough Head, einer Halbinsel zwischen den Buchten Filey und Bridlington in der Grafschaft Yorkshire, stehen gleich zwei Leuchttürme. Der unter Denkmalschutz stehende Kreideturm aus dem Jahr 1669 ist einer der ältesten vollständig erhaltenen Leuchttürme Englands. Unweit hiervon wurde 1806 ein zweiter Turm erbaut. An den unter Naturschutz stehenden Klippen nisten rund um die Türme über 200.000 Seevögel, darunter Basstölpel und Papageientaucher. Der älteste Leuchtturm des Landes und einer der ältesten der Welt steht auf dem Gelände von Dover Castle. Der Turm wurde um das Jahr 43 n. Chr. von den Römern erbaut, als Navigationshilfe zur Überquerung des Ärmelkanals. Die gut erhaltene Ruine ist ein schönes Fotomotiv und steht direkt neben der kleinen Kirche St.