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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 1st International Conference on Community Health (ICCH 2019) Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 1st International Conference on Community Health (ICCH 2019) An Analysis of Several Risk Factors of Central Obesity in Older Adult Mothers Mariah Ulfah Linda Yanti Maya Safitri Harapan Bangsa University Harapan Bangsa University Harapan Bangsa University Purwokerto Purwokerto Purwokerto [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Introduction. Central obesity conditions, including various forms of breast influences maternal mortality, especially on the cancer which also show worse outcomes incidence of non-communicable diseases such as with obesity. These combined factors drive cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, the 2013 American Medical Association's osteoarthritis, chronic renal failure and several decision to recognize obesity as a disease[2] cancers. The objective of the study: to investigate the risk factors for central obesity. Method: This One of the causes of obesity is research employed PLS (Partial Least Square) lifestyle and environmental factors, as well path analysis method. The samples were 117 older as genetic factors. Lifestyle-related changes adult mothers taken with random sampling in body mass index (BMI), a measure of techniques. Results. The results revealed that the adiposity, are associated with an increased effect on peripheral and central obesity was food with a statistical T-value of 29.285 meaning t > risk of cancer. One recent study estimated 1.96 with a coefficient of (2.7%), as well as that 3.6% of all new cancer cases worldwide education having an effect on central obesity was were caused by excess adiposity and uterine food with a statistical T-value of 8.810 meaning t > cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer, and 1.96 with a coefficient of (63.3%), then path colon cancer accounted for 63.6% of cancers analysis showed that these factors influenced central obesity by 47.6% Conclusion: Factors that caused by high BMI. Being overweight is influence central obesity are food and education. also associated with an increase in cancer mortality and can cause 14% and 20% of Keywords: hip circumference, abdominal girth, obesity cancer deaths in men and women who are overweight ≥ 50 years old, respectively, and I. INTRODUCTION also 52% and 62% of the determinants of death rates in moderate number (BMI > According to the World Health 40kg / m2) male and female, respectively. Organization (WHO), overweight and Based on this data, it appears that an obesity are increasing in prevalence and increase in BMI is associated with a high ranks fifth as a cause of death worldwide risk of cancer[3] among risk factors, after high blood Obesity has great side effects on pressure, tobacco use, high blood glucose, health. Obesity is associated with increased and lack of physical activity [1]. In the mortality, BMI over 30 has a risk of death United States, 69% of adults are overweight caused mainly by cardiovascular causes[4]. and 35% are obese. The increase in obesity In addition, other risks are insulin resistance continues to escalate into a global crisis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic because many cause serious chronic health syndrome, disorders of the reproductive Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 229 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 system, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary swimming and cycling. Physical activity disease, gallstones, bone, joint and skin carried out every day is beneficial not only diseases[5]. According to[6] ,obesity is at to get a healthy body condition but also risk of dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, beneficial for mental health, entertainment coronary artery disease, cardiovascular in preventing stress. 50-70% of a person's disease, osteoarthritis, chronic kidney failure Body Mass Index and excess body weight and some cancers (for example, endometrial, are related to genetic influences. There is a esophageal, kidney cells, pancreatic, 50-70% chance that a child will be ovarian, breast, colon and rectal disease, overweight if both parents are obese and 25- thyroid and melanoma), can also cause 50% if one parent is obese (Skelton, 2005). cognitive decline. According to the results of Basic Health In Indonesia, based on Basic Health Research in 2018, the level of obesity in Research [7] data by the Ministry of Health adults in Indonesia increased to 21.8 of the Republic of Indonesia in 2013, the percent. This prevalence increased from the prevalence of overweight and obesity in results of RISKESDAS 2013 which states children aged 5-12 years old reached 18.8%. that the obesity rate in Indonesia only One province that has a prevalence above reached 14.8 percent. Obesity itself refers to the national average is Central Java .Obesity conditions where body mass index is above in children can be a comorbid disease such 27. Likewise, the prevalence of excess body as asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular weight with body mass index between 25 to disease. Although the mechanism of its 27, also increased from 11.5 percent in 2013 occurrence is not yet fully understood, it has to 13.6 percent in 2018 (Aria W, 2018). The been confirmed that obesity occurs because prevalence of central obesity among energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Indonesian people is also increasing. If in The cause of obesity is influenced by 2013 the central obesity rate only reached genetics and the environment . Fast food or 26.6 percent, in 2018 the number would ready-to-eat-food is the primary choice for increase to 31 percent. Areas with the busy or consumptive parents when spending highest prevalence of protruding stomachs time with family in modern society. This is are in North Sulawesi and DKI Jakarta. As because the processing tends to be fast stated by the Head of the Health Research because it uses engine power, looks clean and Development Agency, Siswanto, the because the handlers are machines, results of the 2018 RISKESDAS were taken restaurants are easy to find and because the from 300 thousand household samples or service is always available at any time, and around 1.2 million people. According to regardless the ordering method is (Jassen, him, the results of the 2018 RISKESDAS 2004). can represent the health face of Indonesia[7]. Physical activity is defined as body Like hypertension, obesity is also a movements, especially muscles that require risk factor for degenerative diseases such as energy and exercise is a form of physical heart disease, stroke and other vascular activity. Recommendations from Physical diseases. Early detection of obesity is Activity and Health state that 'moderate expected for all visits to primary care physical activity' should be done for about facilities. The number of visitors to the 30 minutes or more a week. Moderate health center and its network (aged > 15 physical activity includes walking, jogging, years old) in 2017 was reported to be 230 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 14,541,825 people, of which there were Settings and Respondents reported obesity checks of 2,830,756 people The study was conducted in Kembaran I or 19.47 percent, consisting of 1,210,498 Community Health Center in May-July men (17.98 percent) and 1,620,258 women 2019. The number of population in this (20.75 percent). From the measurement of study was 856 mothers whose obesity was obesity, it was obtained the percentage of measured in 2016[8], the sampling obesity by 6.04 percent. The incidence of technique employed was random sampling obesity in women is greater than in men. and eventually 117 respondents were There are 4 regencies / cities that do not obtained, with inclusions criteria: 1) Age of report the results of obesity measurements, older adult mothers, 2) having central i.e. Sukoharjo, Karanganyar, Pati and obesity, 3) willing to be respondents. Jepara. Regency / City with the highest Instrument and measurement percentage of obesity is Magelang City, The instruments used in this study were which is 100 percent of the obesity checks. interview and primary data collection by Regency / city with the lowest percentage of measuring hip circumference and abdominal obesity is Kendal (0.05 percent), and girth, then calculating body mass index and Banyumas Regency ranks 7 (13.6%)[8].. measuring the ratio between hip and Kembaran Community Health Center is one abdominal girth to find out central obesity. of the Community Health Centers in Data analysis This study was analyzed Banyumas Regency. Based on the health using path analysis with PLS (Partial Least profile of Kembaran 2 community health Square) because this analysis can be used to center in 2017, it is stated that patients who see the effect of exogenous to endogenous are older than 15 years with a total of 856 variables with categorical and numeric data measured body mass index in women and types. stated that 100% have central obesity, this Ethical consideration. This study has makes researchers interested in requiring to passed the ethical test by the ethics investigate some of the risks factors of committee of health research of Harapan central obesity in Kembaran Community Bangsa University. Health Center. II. RESEARCH METHODS Study design This research employed path analysis, which is a structural equation model using structural equation program Structural Equation Modeling alternative methods with Visual Partial Least Squares (VPLS) [9] by looking at endogenous and exogenous factors. 231 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 20 Age III. RESEARCH FINDINGS education The findings of this study are described as follows: Table 1.
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