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CATHARSIS Form and Structure of Kentrung Art in Ngasem Village

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CATHARSIS Form and Structure of Kentrung Art in Ngasem Village CATHARSIS 7 (1) 2018 : 23-33 CATHARSIS http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/catharsis Form and Structure of Kentrung Art in Ngasem Village Batealit District Jepara Regency Dody Candra Harwanto1, Sunarto2 1 Starmoon Music School, Indonesia 2 Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Abstrac ________________ Article History: Kentrung art is a folk theater art that tells a story in the form of prose Recived January 2018 and interspersed by pantun, an Indonesian unique form of prose. It is Accepted May 2018 Published August 2018 played by sung, and uses musical instrument called “Terbang” or ________________ Rebana. This research aims to analyze the shape and structure of Keywords: Kentrung art in Ngasem Village District Batealit Jepara regency. The Musical Form, Musical Structure, Kentrung method used in this research is qualitative descriptive with ____________________ interpretative case study research design. The research data was collected by observation technique, interview, and documentation study. It is also using triangulation techniques of sources and data to maintain its validity. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique is done through the process of reduction, presentation, and withdrawal of conclusion (verification). The results of this study indicate that, Kentrung musical form consists of two elements, namely elements of time and melody. The time element of Kentrung art employs Allegreto tempo which means fast or between the speed limit of 104-112 steps per minute; the meter uses 4/4, meaning there are four or four minutes of beats on each bar; and rhythmic patterns are divided into two types (senggakan and sautan) which generally use the value of half-tap, and on the big fly using the pattern of rhythm singkup. Most melodies use a half-tap note with the highest tone of G# 5 (la), and the lowest tone is F# 4 (sol). Meanwhile, the musical structure of Kentrung consists of two sentences or periods namely repeated A B. © 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang Alamat korespondensi: p-ISSN 2252-6900 Jl. Ngesrep Timur V, Semarang, 50269, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] e-ISSN 2502-4531 23 Dody Candra Harwanto & Sunarto / Catharsis 7 (1) (2018) : 23-33 INTRODUCTION of cultural art based on the local wisdom can be interpreted as an effort to the preservation and Jepara is one of the regency in Jawa maintenance of cultural art for the supporting Tengah that has traditional art, such as: Emprak, society. The values of the society's traditions are Kentrung, Tayub, Kethoprak, and Ludruk. manifested in various forms, including oral Traditional art that is loaded with cultural values stories that are part of folklore and become a should be a means of inheritance for future cultural heritage. generations even become an identity of a region, Narrative through folklore is full of because art as a cultural product is able to reflect philosophical values. Kentrung art has an the symbolic expression of a particular cultural important role in providing a moral education, society (see Murni, Rohidi, and Syarif 2016). religion, culture, and appreciation of folklore in One example of traditional art that is almost each of its play. As stated by Hutomo (1998:2) extinct in Jepara is the art of Kentrung. The the story of Kentrung is not only as a fiction for development of Kentrung as an art in Ngasem entertainment, but also contains pasemon or the village, Jepara regency has decreased in quantity symbol of human life. The storyteller is the from eight groups in 1983 become only one sediment of thoughts and feelings of the group in 2012, in contrast to modern art such as Javanese hereditary. Therefore, this story plays Dangdut that increased in quantity. The an important role in the life of the people of Java numbers of Dangdut groups are increased from in general. This is in line with the statement 71 groups in 2011 to 154 groups in 2016 (latest Karmini (2017:150) which states that literary data from the Culture and Tourism Office of works contain the values of beauty and truth. It Jepara). contains hedonic values, artistic values, cultural The art of Kentrung is a show in the form values, ethical-moral-religious values, and of folk theater that has special characteristics practical value. In addition, according to (Brandon in Hutomo, 2001:23). Meanwhile, Iswidayati & Triyanto (2007:9) the concept of according to Sumardjo (1997: 40), Kentrung is Java aesthetics actually derived from cultural the speech theatre brought by dalang kentrung values, among others: cosmological cultural (the Kentrung puppeteer). The story that is values, symbolic classification, and Javanese life brought by the dalang is a narrative of a sung orientation. prose, interspersed with pantun (parikan), the One of the story of Kentrung art in Jepara Indonesian traditional prose which form is a is about Syeh Jondang that is very related to the quatrain in ABAB rhyme, in which is also sung, legend of Teluk Awur in Jepara Regency. As and uses musical instruments such as terbang or stated by Harsono (2017:5), the legend of Teluk rebana (tambourine) as the music Awur also relates to a folklore performance in accompaniment. Thus it can be interpreted that Jepara, called kentrung. The folk art performs Kentrung is a form of folk theater art that tells a the legend of Syeh Jondang. The uniqueness of story in the form of prose, interspersed with sung Kentrung art can be seen when the show is being pantun, and uses musical instruments such as held. Sometimes, Kentrung players are doing terbang/ rebana as the music accompaniment. some improvisation in making a pantun which The show of Kentrung sometimes is seen adopt some topics that are happened during the only as a beat of terbangan which is combined show such as sleepy audiences and the returning by the recited of human voices by telling a folk audiences. Therefore, the audiences laugh and story and sung pantun. However, if it is seen become enthusiast in waiting for the next deepen related to the message that is delivered in pantun. the kentrung story as a verbal literature, it can Research related to the form and structure give a benefit for the listeners or audiences as in musical art of Kentrung in Ngasem Village, one of the cultural heritage. As being stated by Batealit district, Jepara Regency is one of the Danandjaja in Darma (2011:55) the preservation objects that is interesting to be studied. It is 24 Dody Candra Harwanto & Sunarto / Catharsis 7 (1) (2018) : 23-33 considered from the existence of the extinct art METHODS of Kentrung that this research can be a reference in the inheritance of successive generations, and The approach used is descriptive able to reestablish the existence of Kentrung art. qualitative using interpretative case study So the need for conservative attitudes through research design. This research design was chosen conservation efforts, research, and to examine the traditional art phenomenon of documentation of traditional arts is essential (see Kentrung in Ngasem village. It was done by Triyanto, Rokhmat, Mujiyono, and Sugiarto interpreting various theories and concepts of 2016: 95). musicology related to the focus of research On the other side, some previous which are form and structure of art Kentrung. researches related to the Kentrung art as in The chosen location is Ngasem Village, because Rofiqoh and Abdullah (2017) reviewed the it is the initial place of art Kentrung which is performance and play structure of Jaka Tarub in specifically located in the Village Ngasem, Kentrung Tri Santoso group in Sanan Dayu District Batealit, Jepara. Sources of data in this Village, Nglegok District, Blitar Regency. Other study are divided into two, namely primary data researchers were Agustin and Winarko (2016) sources through interviews with Kentrung who examined the meaning, the rhyme pattern artists, cultural, and observation of Kentrung of the chants, functions, organology, techniques show. Secondary data sources were obtained of playing musical instruments Kentrung in through bibliography, archives, historical Bondowoso District, East Java. In addition, documents, and books relevant to the research. Wrahatnala (2013) examined the views of artists The research data was collected using and Ngasem villagers on Kentrung art and the observation techniques, interviews, and values expressed in Kentrung art; Setiawan and documentation studies. As Sumaryanto Nurmansyah (2014) studied the shape and (2007:113) explained that the validation of data meaning of the pasemon on the Kentrung or documents obtained in qualitative research staging structure; Zahro and Pairin (2014) (especially naturalistic) need to be checked, so studied the beginning, the performance, the that it can be a disciplined or scientific research. structure and content of the story of Adipati For data validation, the researcher uses Arya Blitar, and the function in wayang triangulation technique of source and data. Data Kentrung Raras Madya in Blitar regency. analysis techniques used refers to interactive Studies conducted by previous researchers models of Miles and Huberman in Rohidi provide different references and research (2011:240), through the process of collecting, perspectives for researchers, using the musical reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions discipline to analyze musical forms through (verification) of data. Miller's (2017) view that explains the musical elements such as tempo, meter, rhythm, melody, RESULT AND DISCUSSION harmony, tonality, texture, and dynamics. Meanwhile, to analyze the musical structure, it Elements of Kentrung Music uses the view of Prier (2013) which is composed Music served by Kentrung art is based of motives, sentence questions, sentence on the stories with Islamic theme or babad Jawa, answers, and sentence/period. This study aims by inserting pantun which all done by singing. to analyze the shape and structure of art Musical instruments used are two musical Kentrung in Ngasem Village, District Batealit, instruments named terbangan in both small and Jepara regency.
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