Deloitte City Mobility Index 2020 Analysis area

Analysis area: 5,343 km2 | Population: 15,519,267 (2019) | Population density: 2,905/km2 Definition of analysis area: Istanbul

TOP PERFORMER MOBILITY ANALYSIS GLOBAL LEADER KEY MOBILITY STATISTICS CONTENDER EMERGING ASPIRING Public transport options* , light rail including metro and , bus, BRT, (including sea taxi and sea bus), cable /, bicycle Congestion

Public transport reliability Monthly public transport pass US$41 (₺275) Performance Transport safety and resilience GDP per capita Integrated mobility US$16,265 (2018)

Modal diversity Principal transport authorities Istanbul Metropolitan (IMM) Vision and strategy

Investment JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT Innovation PRIVATE CAR PUBLIC TRANSPORT Vision and Regulatory environment leadership 23% 25% Environmental sustainability initiatives

Public transport density WALKING BICYCLE Transport affordability 45% 1% Air quality

Service and Customer satisfaction inclusion Accessibility OTHER: 6%

*Regulated, licensed, subsidised and monitored by principal transport authorities.

FUTURE OF MOBILITY CAPABILITY Istanbul FoM global leader Significant Passive environment, Proactive environment, Proactive environment, work to do a number of barriers some barriers few barriers

STRENGTHS CHALLENGES

• Istanbul’s public transport network should see a much-needed • The public transport network has limited coverage, and expansion over the next few years capacity is still not adequate for the growing population • A high level of digital connectedness makes the system • Congestion in the city is among the worst globally; commuters adaptable, particularly for changing COVID-19 circumstances lose around 200 hours annually • Both daily commuters and tourists have responded positively to • Frequent fare hikes result in reduced affordability of public the weekend 24-hour metro services transport for commuters Deloitte City Mobility Index 2020 Istanbul

Key focus areas to improve Leverage advanced Ensure sufficient Develop alternative city mobility and realise the technologies to funds for timely revenue streams to Future of Mobility: control traffic completion of decrease congestion congestion infrastructure and subsidise public projects transport

MOBILITY ANALYSIS FURTHER DETAILS:

Performance and Vision and leadership Service and inclusion resilience A rapidly expanding and diverse transport ’s smart vision for transport Various passenger-focused initiatives network coupled with smart technologies combines with novel local strategies have garnered a positive response; has the potential to overcome Istanbul’s to improve multiple facets of however, transportation still is a long-standing congestion issues. transportation, including network major issue for the city, due to high capacity, modal integration, congestion, • Istanbul’s rail network is set to expand from congestion levels and prices, and parking and sustainability. around 230 km to more than 450 km by concerns about safety. 2024, with extensions to existing lines and • The smart transport plan for 2020-23 aims • According to the Istanbul Barometer at introducing a country-wide integrated new lines for the tram, funicular and metro. survey, transportation is among the top electronic payment system for all transport three biggest concerns for citizens, almost • Owing to its unique topography, the city networks. It includes the establishment of has highly developed water transportation, provincial traffic control centres, smart on a par with poverty and unemployment. with more than 80 million passengers parking solutions and EV charging stations. • The already expensive public transport annually (pre-COVID). Yet the limited • The IMM raised US$580 million through a system became even dearer for commuters number of road connections over the with a 35 per cent fare hike in 2020. In strait is a major cause of traffic Eurobond sale, Turkey’s first municipal debt issuance in more than 25 years, to addition, there was a rise of 11 per cent in congestion. In 2016, a new bridge and resume stalled metro projects. It plans to taxi fares. Expensive fuel and parking fees tunnel were opened, but high toll rates raise an additional US$430 million. make transport even less affordable. (about two times higher than for the older bridges) limit its use. • Reverse vending machines, introduced as • To improve social inclusion and passenger part of the Zero Waste Project, provide convenience, the IMM has introduced • The city is implementing AI-based transit top-ups in exchange for recyclable solutions that can evaluate road traffic, measures such as 24-hour metro services waste. Within a year of launch, it collected on weekends, half-price monthly pass optimise public transportation and more than 4 million plastic bottles and manage traffic. But recent plans to rates for students and free public aluminium cans redeemed for ₺180,000 transport rides for mothers with children increase taxi numbers could further (US$22,700) worth of up to the age of four. aggravate congestion. transport credits.

SUMMARY Istanbul boasts an array of transport modes across land, rail and sea. The ongoing network expansion projects will play a crucial role in supporting the growing number of commuters in the city. Stable funding and investments are necessary for timely completion of these infrastructure projects. Affordability is another major challenge that needs to be addressed, to ensure sustained use of public transport. There are several initiatives, either proposed or in place, targeted at increasing technology use and improving sustainability.

CONTACTS Simon Dixon Elif Dusmez Tek Burcu Maden Global Transportation leader Energy Resources and Industrials leader Strategy and Analytics Partner Partner Senior consultant Deloitte MCS Limited Deloitte Consulting, Turkey Deloitte Consulting, Turkey Tel: +44 (0) 207 303 8707 Tel: +90 533 294 25 90 Tel: +90 532 721 2408 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

About the Deloitte City Mobility Index About this publication Deloitte LLP is the affiliate of The Deloitte City Mobility Index reviews major cities This publication has been written in general terms Deloitte NSE LLP, a member firm of Deloitte on key aspects of mobility and the resulting and we recommend that you obtain professional Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company relationship to economic performance. Drawing on advice before acting or refraining from action on limited by guarantee (“DTTL”). DTTL and each of publicly available data, client conversations, and any of the contents of this publication. Deloitte LLP its member firms are legally separate and bespoke Deloitte analyses, we assess each city’s accepts no liability for any loss occasioned to any http://www.deloitte.com/aboutindependent entities. DTTL and Deloitte NSE LLP ability to transport its citizens both now and in the person acting or refraining from action as a result of do not provide services to clients. Please see future and therefore its potential to bring prosperity any material in this publication. www.deloitte.com/about to learn about our global to the city. network of member firms. About Deloitte As we receive feedback, we will update and expand Deloitte LLP is a limited liability partnership © 2021 Deloitte LLP. All rights reserved. the analysis, which may mean the results shown in registered in England and Wales with registered this document may change. number OC303675 and its registered office at For the full interactive index, visit the Deloitte City 1 New Street Square, EC4A 3HQ, http://www.http://www.deloitte.com/insights/city-mobility-indexMobility Index at deloitte.com/insights/mobility-index. United Kingdom. For Deloitte’s insights on the Future of Mobility, visit http://www.deloitte.com/insights/future-of-mobilitydeloitte.com/insights/future-of-mobility.