Popular Computing Weekly (1982-12-16)
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Acorn User Welcomes Submissions Irom Readers
ACORN BBC MICRO- ELECTRON- ATOM DECEMBER 1984 £1 TOP SCORE We pick the 20 best games of '84 ORGAN PROJECT Build your own keyboard DATABASES File on six packages LIGHTPENS Which one shines? Program entry at a stroke ' MUSIC MICRO PLEASE!! Jj V L S ECHO I is a high quality 3 octave keyboard of 37 full sized keys operating electroni- cally through gold plated contacts. The keyboard which is directly connected to the user port of the computer does not require an independent power supply unit. The ECHOSOFT Programme "Organ Master" written for either the BBC Model B' or the Commodore 64 supplied with the keyboard allows these computers to be used as real time synth- esizers with full control of the sound envelopes. The pitch and duration of the sound envelope can be changed whilst playing, and the programme allows the user to create and allocate his own sounds to four pre-defined keys. Additional programmes in the ECHOSOFT Series are in the course of preparation and will be released shortly. Other products in the range available from your LVL Dealer are our: ECHOKIT (£4.95)" External Speaker Adaptor Kit, allows your Commodore or BBC Micro- computer to have an external sound output socket allowing the ECHOSOUND Speaker amplifier to be connected. (£49.95)' - ECHOSOUND A high quality speaker amplifier with a 6 dual cone speaker and a full 6 watt output will fill your room with sound. The sound frequency control allows the tone of the sound output to be changed. Both of the above have been specifically designed to operate with the ECHO Series keyboard. -
978-3-642-33899-1 15 Chapter.P
Computing for the Masses? Constructing a British Culture of Computing in the Home Tilly Blyth To cite this version: Tilly Blyth. Computing for the Masses? Constructing a British Culture of Computing in the Home. Arthur Tatnall. Reflections on the History of Computing : Preserving Memories and Sharing Stories, AICT-387, Springer, pp.231-242, 2012, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (SURVEY), 10.1007/978-3-642-33899-1_15. hal-01526798 HAL Id: hal-01526798 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01526798 Submitted on 23 May 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Computing for the Masses? Constructing a British Culture of Computing in the Home Tilly Blyth Keeper of Technology and Engineering, Science Museum, London [email protected] Abstract: The creation of the personal computer during the late 1970s and early 1980s is heralded as a time that people were liberated by computers as tools for everyone. The proliferation of affordable and relatively powerful computers changed the landscape of computing across the globe. This chapter looks at the introduction of one machine, the BBC Microcomputer, and its influence on the culture of computing in Britain. -
Educational Services by BBC Public Service Broadcasting in the New Era
Educational Services by BBC Public Service Broadcasting in the New Era George AUCKLAND The British Broadcasting Corporation has been involved with the production and delivery of educational services from close to the start of broadcasting in the United Kingdom. After a variety of experiments, broadcasting began in 1922 with the British Broadcasting Company as a consortium of radio equip- ment manufacturers with John Reith as general manager. Around this time David Sarnoff, general manager of Radio Corporation of America, referred to the use of radio/wireless for education, information and entertainment. It is likely that John (later Lord) Reith, managing director of the BBC, picked up on this idea, because his book, Broadcast over Britain1 contains two chapters (“The Best of Everything” and “The King’s English”) on how broadcasting must move beyond the confines of pure entertainment and enter the world of education. The BBC broadcast its first national education program on April 4, 1924. In May, the BBC appointed John S. Stobart as its first director of education. The Radio Times (the Official Organ of the BBC) on June 15, 1924 carried on its front page an article called “A Broadcasting University.” So the stage was set very early on in its history for the BBC to be a signif- icant player in the world of education in the United Kingdom; to this day the BBC claims to “inform, educate and entertain.” The British Broadcasting Corporation is constitutionally established under a royal charter, the first of which is dated December 20, 1926. This phrase, “Inform, Educate and Enter- tain” appears in the first royal charter and is repeated in the exact same form in the most recent royal charter that took effect on January 1, 2007.2 It was not long before the members of the early BBC Education department George Auckland joined BBC Television after graduation from university in 1969. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman. -
Electronic Dreams: How 1980S Britain Learned to Love the Computer. London: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2016
Lean, Tom. "The Boom." Electronic Dreams: How 1980s Britain Learned to Love the Computer. London: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2016. 115–141. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 28 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472936653.0008>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 28 September 2021, 15:11 UTC. Copyright © Tom Lean 2016. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER FIVE The Boom uying from a computer shop could be a bewildering Bexperience in 1983. You enter in search of expert help, tentatively move your way past the screens fl ashing with the newest games, racks of computer magazines and programming books, and fi nd a pale teenager who seems to work here. ‘ You want to buy your fi rst computer? ’ he asks ‘ Well, let ’ s see what we ’ ve got in stock … want to learn about computers? How about trying a ZX81? A bit old, and black and white, and the keyboard is a piece of plastic, but it ’ s cheap and there ’ s lots of software for it … Perhaps a BBC Micro? It’ s the one the kids use at school, and it ’ s been on television a lot, and its got Econet, the Tube, a printer port, ah but it’ s £ 400 … maybe something cheaper? The Oric ’ s quite nice if you like a 6502 machine, but there ’ s loads more games for the Spectrum… You don ’ t like the rubber keyboard? I ’ d off er you an Electron but we ’ ve got none in, so try a good old VIC-20, it ’ s only got 5k of RAM but we sell an expansion pack. -
THE LEGACY of the BBC MICRO: Effecting Change in the UK’S Cultures of Computing
1 THE LEGACY OF THE BBC MICRO: effecting change in the UK’s cultures of computing THE Legacy OF THE BBC MICRO EFFECTING CHANGE IN THE UK’s cultureS OF comPUTING Tilly Blyth May 2012 2 THE LEGACY OF THE BBC MICRO: effecting change in the UK’s cultures of computing CONTENTS Preface 4 Research Approach 5 Acknowledgments 6 Executive Summary 7 1. Background 9 2. Creating the BBC Micro 10 3. Delivering the Computer Literacy Project 15 4. The Success of the BBC Micro 18 4.1 Who bought the BBC Micro? 20 4.2 Sales overseas 21 5. From Computer Literacy to Education in the 1980s 24 5.1 Before the Computer Literacy Project 24 5.2 Adult computer literacy 25 5.3 Micros in schools 29 6. The Legacy of the Computer Literacy Project 32 6.1 The legacy for individuals 32 6.2 The technological and industrial Legacy 50 6.3 The legacy at the BBC 54 7. Current Creative Computing Initiatives for Children 58 7.1 Advocacy for programming and lobbying for change 59 7.2 Technology and software initiatives 60 7.3 Events and courses for young people 63 8. A New Computer Literacy Project? Lessons and Recommendations 65 Appendix 69 Endnotes 76 About Nesta Nesta is the UK’s innovation foundation. We help people and organisations bring great ideas to life. We do this by providing investments and grants and mobilising research, networks and skills. We are an independent charity and our work is enabled by an endowment from the National Lottery. Nesta Operating Company is a registered charity in England and Wales with a company number 7706036 and charity number 1144091. -
Computing for the Masses? Constructing a British Culture of Computing in the Home
Computing for the Masses? Constructing a British Culture of Computing in the Home Tilly Blyth Keeper of Technology and Engineering, Science Museum, London [email protected] Abstract: The creation of the personal computer during the late 1970s and early 1980s is heralded as a time that people were liberated by computers as tools for everyone. The proliferation of affordable and relatively powerful computers changed the landscape of computing across the globe. This chapter looks at the introduction of one machine, the BBC Microcomputer, and its influence on the culture of computing in Britain. It has been celebrated as a computer that transformed the educational landscape and brought the power of these tools to a new generation of users. The chapter shows how the machine was constructed within a broader ambition for computer literacy within Britain, and discusses the role of the BBC team in creating the meaning and values of the machine in the home. It illustrates the interplay between a broadcaster, government desire for a high-tech industry and perceived consumer needs. Drawing on the social construction of technology by a variety of actors (Woolgar, 1991) the chapter suggests that enthusiasm for the BBC Microcomputer came not only from the creation of a concept of utility for home machines, but in its role as a technology that embodied the future and symbolised the social capital of the home. Recent nostalgia for the BBC Microcomputer and Computer Literacy Project has celebrated this moment in the 1980s as a time when the government seeded a new passion for computing. -
Lessons from Discarded Computer Architectures
Lessons from Discarded Computer Architectures Andrew E. Fluck University of Tasmania Locked Bag 1307, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia [email protected] Abstract. The BBC microcomputer was one of several nationally produced which were superseded by the International Business Machines (IBM) Personal Computer (PC). This reflected the results of both an international market com- petition and rivalry between different US processor manufacturers. Along with the hardware, valuable software and supporting educational ideologies were discarded. As we make choices about technological innovation, to what degree are we selecting potential efficacy or responding to marketing hype? Keywords: BBC microcomputer, IBM Personal Computer, Apple II, computer hardware, operating systems. 1 Introduction The BBC microcomputer was an 8-bit machine based on the Motorola 6502 proces- sor. It made a huge impact in British schools, putting predecessors into the shade of its colour graphics. Its successor, the Archimedes was almost as successful, but ran into the juggernaut of the IBM PC – and the rest is history. Almost. 2 The BBC Microcomputer - A Withered Branch In 1979-80 the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) started the BBC Computer Lit- eracy Project and put out a tender for a microcomputer to accompany the television series The Computer Programme. Acorn was a firm started by two former Sinclair employees, marketing director Chris Curry and researcher Hermann Hauser. Their firm won the tender in April 1981 and released the BBC Microcomputer later that year. The large keyboard unit connected to a conventional television, which became the screen for the computer. Based on the 8-bit Motorola 6502 processor, the initial model had 16k bytes of RAM, and cost GBP 299. -
Computing in Schools
/ - DOCUMENT RESUME, ED 246 860 IR 011 192 AUTHOR Anderson, Jonathan TITLE Computing in. Schools: An 4ustralian Perspective. Australian Education Review Ntitber 21. INSTITUTION Australian Council for Educational Research, Hawthorn. REPORT NO ISBN-0-85563-358-1 PUB DATE 84 NOTE 111p. *, AVAILABLE FROMDistribution Services Division, Austialian Council for Educational Research Limited, P.O. Box 210, Hawthorn, irictoria,_Australia 3122'. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICB MF01 Plus Postage. PCNot Availablefrom.EIJRS. DESCRIPTORS Case Studies; *Computer Assisted-Instruction; *Computer Liter'apy; tomputer Managed Instruction; *Computer Oriented Programs; Foreign Cduntries;- *Mickocomputers; *Models; National Programs; Program Descriptions.; State PrograMs ''IDENTIFIERS *Australia; Comiliter Uses in Education; France;, United Kingdom; United States - ABSTRACT 4 Educational applications of computing are reviewed, ,beginning with a brief introduction to microcomputers and microcomputer characteristics that might be important for schoolUse, An examination of significant models in computer-educationoutside Australia emphasizes projects in the United Kingdom, France, and the United States; including the National Midroelectronics Programsin i England and Scotland, the British. DEC Computer Literacy Project,the/ 10,000 Microcomputers in School Operation in, France, and the Minnesota Educational Computing Cbnsortium. Recent developments at / both the state and national levels in Australia are thendescribed./ A look at the varied applications.of computers in Australian classrooms, is followed by case studies of a range of programs, including / projects concerned with computer awareness teacher support material, computer studies at the upper secondary level, microcomputer in/ the primary school, computer - based learning in clinics and clasirooms, a school computerized administration system, a statewide computer network, and educational applications of videotOc. -
TELETEXT and ITS USE in SCHOOLS by GARY DAVID
TELETEXT AND ITS USE IN SCHOOLS by GARY DAVID COOKE A Master's by Course Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MSc in Computer Education of Loughborough University of Technology, January 1989. Supervisor: Mrs M P A Green by GARY DAVID COOKE 1989 ABSTRACT Television teletext is a public viewdata service, a British invention in the nineteen-seventies, that was envisaged as a data store for a national computer literacy project. This dissertation examines the devel opment of the technology and its benefits to schools. Although both the IBA and the BBC transmit a teletext viewdata service, it is the BBC's CEEFAX that has had the greatest influence on education. After launching a computer-literacy project along with its microcomputer and television transmissions, the BBC developed its teletext service to provide both information and a transfer ·of computer-based learning materials. Reception of the latter became possible with the BBC microcomputer teletext adapter. This, in turn, gave rise to the the CEEFAX Telesoftware Service, a section of CEEFAX dedicated to the provision of electronic data, primarily for education purposes. The educational achievements of BBC Telesoftware have been barely documented and this dissertation largely has that as its aim. i DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Jeremy Brayshaw, the Telesoftware Organiser of BBC CEEFAX. When the time came to submit this work for final assessment the BBC introduced sweeping changes to the format of its teletext service and this necessitated the closure of the BBC Telesoftware service. During the time that it had been in existence, the BBC Telesoftware Office had. -
Extending the Aerial. Uncovering Histories Of
volume 4 issue 7/2015 EXTENDING THE AERIAL UNCOVERING HISTORIES OF TELETEXT AND TELESOFTWARE IN BRITAIN Alison Gazzard Lecturer in Media Arts London Knowledge Lab UCL Institute of Education 23-29 Emerald Street London, WC1N 3QS [email protected] Abstract: Beyond their roles of broadcasting programmed content into the homes of people around the country, Britain’s British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television stations delivered additional content via home television sets. This article will explore the history of British teletext and telesoftware in the broader context of microprocessing developments during the late 1970s and early 1980s through a media archaeological framework of the terminology and traits. Situating these developments in the industrial and political climates of the 1970s, the article will outline an alternative history of networks through the aerial, as the ‘hidden lines’ of information become exposed once again. Keywords: Britain, teletext, telesoftware, media archaeology, convergence 1 Introduction Television should now be seen, not in isolation, but as one of a number of information and communication technologies occupying domestic time and space alongside the video-recorder, the computer and the telephone, as well as the Walkman, the answering-machine, the stereo and the radio.1 Although he was writing in the early 1990s, David Morley’s observations of television’s role in domestic space also apply to the present moment. Part of a suite of other technologies in the home, TV has become a facilitator of both media and technological ‘convergence,’ defined in part by Henry Jenkins as “the flow of content across multiple media platforms.”2 Television’s ability to link DVD and VCR players and recorders, video game consoles and microcomputers shows how the role and use of television has shifted across time. -
Developing Computer Use in Education: Guidelines, Trends and Issues, by Jonathan Anderson, Narong Boonme, H.N
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 278 356 IR 012 416 AUTHOR Anderson, Jonathan; And Others TITLE Developihg Computer Use in Education:Guidelines, Trends and Issues. INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific,and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). RegionalOffice for Education in Asia and the Pacific. REPORT NO BKAM/86/M/83-1200 PUB DATE 86 NOTE 128p.; Report based on discussions heldat an Experts Planning Meeting on the Use ofComputers in Education (Bangkok, Thailand, December 2-7, 1985). PUB TYPE Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055)-- Viewpoints (120) -- Reports - Evaluative/Feasibility (142) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Availablefrom EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Computer Assisted Instruction; *Computer Literacy! Cbmputer Software; *Computer Uses in Education; Curriculum Development; Developed Nations; *Developing Nations; *Educational Trends;Foreign Countries; Guidelines; Inservice TeacherEducation; *Microcomputers; *Policy Formation; Preservice Teacher Education; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *Asia Pacific Region ABSTRACT Designed to provide educational policy-makersand decision-makers with a basis for the developmentof guidelines for the development of educationprograms, this report presents an overview of trends and issues in computereducation within the countries of the Asia and Pacific region.The impact of computerson society is described, as wellas the more recent impact of the microcomputer on classrooms in the region.Likely future developments in computing are than discussed, togetherwith the need for research on the effectiveness of computer instruction and howbest to introduce computer use in education. Policy issuesconsidered include the relationship of schools to society; equityof access to information; security and privacy; ergonomicand health factors; and computer awareness in the broader community. Hardwareconsiderations are also discussed, including evaluation and selection;costs; site preparation; maintenance; local requirements;special features; and insurance.