ISSN 2230 – 7052 No. 20, September 2013 Bugs R All

Newsletter of the Conservation & Information Network of South Asia

Online IUCN Red List Training course The IUCN Red List of Threatened ™ is widely To benefit most from the course, it is recommended that recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global new learners start with Module 1 and work through the approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant course. For more experienced ‘Red-listers’ needing a and species. The IUCN Red List has grown in size refresher on a particular topic, modules can be selected as and complexity and now plays an increasingly prominent required. Currently, there are four modules available; role in guiding international, regional and national Introduction to the IUCN Red List, IUCN Red List conservation. Prompted by the Red List’s increasing Assessments, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, and popularity and a growing need for Red List training around Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments. the world, IUCN in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has developed the first online IUCN A further three modules will be released in the next few Red List Training Course. weeks, and later this year the IUCN Red List Assessor Exam will also be available on the TNC website. This final Hosted on TNC’s ConservationTraining website, the online exam will test your understanding of the IUCN Red List course “Assessing Species' Risk Using IUCN Categories and Criteria and the Red List assessment Red List Methodology” will be of particular benefit to process. On successful completion of each module, the species conservation scientists about to embark on Red course will award you a “Record of Completion” certificate; List assessment projects. However, the course is free and passing the final exam will result in a "Red List Assessor" open to anyone who wishes to learn more about the IUCN certificate. Red List. Completion of the course is not mandatory for those people In this course, you can learn about the IUCN Red List submitting assessments for the IUCN Red List; it is simply assessment process and how to prepare high-quality Red an easy to use platform for anybody to improve and test List assessments. All of the topics covered in a typical their Red List knowledge and skills. IUCN Red List Assessor Training workshop are included, with some additional lessons that allow the learner to For more information please contact: explore some aspects of the Red List Categories and [email protected] Criteria in more detail.

Contents Pages Aquac and Semiaquac (Class: Insecta) recorded at Northern Odisha Estuaries - Swetapadma Dash 2-7 Preliminary Study on Fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, - Sachin R. Pal, S. Sambath and Rita Bhandari ...... 8-11 Checklist of Dermaptera from Uarakhand State - V.D. Hegde and B. Lal ...... 12-16 Observaons on Lasiommata menava (Moore, 1865) (: : Satyrinae) and caschmirensis (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: ) aracted to light at Kalatop and Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh, India - Avtar Kaur Sidhu ...... 17-19 Aeva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Ypomomeud): A serious pest of excelsa in forest nurseries and plantaons of Rajasthan - Seema Kumar and Sanjay Paunikar ...... 20-21 Checklist for Planktonic (, Ciliophora) living in Velacherry Lake, Chennai, India - K. Rajabunizal and R. Ramanibai ...... 22-25 SEM Studies on Radula of the Spider Conch Lambis lambis (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Strombidae) - Baskara Sanjeevi, K. Kesavan, M. Gayathri, N. Santhiya and M. Dhanalakshmi ...... 26-28 Record of a new host plant of Phygasia silacea Illiger (Coeloptera: Chrysomelidae: Alcinae) from India - Aisha Sultana, Mohammad Shah Hussain ...... 29-30 Scoliid fauna (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Chhasgarh - P. Girish Kumar & Gaurav Sharma ...... 31-35 Buerflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) aracted to light at night from Gangtok, Sikkim, India - Sarbani Nag, Partha Sarathi Ghose and Soumyajit Chowdhury ...... 36 Vepris bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Engl. (Rutaceae), a new larval host plant for the Lime buerfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) - Nandakumar M K ...... 36 Aggregaon Behaviour of a bug Anoplocnemis phasiana Fabricus on a tree, Areca catechu Linneus on Panhala Fort, Kolhapur, Maharashtra - S.R. Aland and M.O. Mulajkar ...... 36-37 Ant Fauna at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Instute campus, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry - K. Kumar and M. Kandibane ...... 37 Announcements and Workshop reports ...... 38-40

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013 Aquac and Semiaquac Hemiptera (Class: Insecta) recorded at Northern Odisha Estuaries

Swetapadma Dash Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India Gopalpur-on-Sea-761002, Odisha E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract 1988; Chakraborty, 1996; Khan, 2002) on estuarine Studies on the aquac hemiptera of northern estuaries of hemiptera group has been carried out on some specific Odisha were made during period of 12 months in 2008-2009. wetlands in India. The populaon mainly consists of Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata. The Hemiptera group has been idenfied from the lot. Some Hemipterans are surface dwellers The present study described the ecology, distribuon of (, Nepidae, Hydro metridae), Notonecdae are middle estuarine aquac of northern coastal districts of dweller and Belostomadae are boom dweller. The diversity Odisha. Being a preliminary study on aquac hemiptera of the estuarine Hemiptera found to be very much low in of northern coastal district of Odisha, it revealed 11 comparison to freshwater Hemipteran community. The species belonging to 6 families and 9 genera. ecological factors are also being evaluated that show their affinity with salinity and water current. The objecve of this paper is to summarize the unique adaptaons and ecological Study Area importance of the six families of Hemiptera that are fully The present study was carried out during April 2008 to aquac and semi aquac having estuarine occurrence. March 2009 in selected localies of Brahmani-Baitarani estuarine ecosystems. In order to cover maximum part of Keywords: Estuary, Aquac, Hemiptera, Salinity the water bodies 7 spots were selected for collecons Introducon (Ghe Koili, Chandbali; Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Insects are one of the most important components of Chandbali; Haripur, Chandbali; West side of mouth area, aquac ecosystems. Providing food for countless Dhamra; island (Laxmi Chadha) and Budhiachak, Dhamra; vertebrates as well as feeding upon equally countless Urabadi/Kuli, Dhamra). numbers of lesser (McCafferty, 1981), are just a few of their important acons. Only a few insects, 3-5%, Materials and Methods have adapted successfully to the aquac environment Collecons of insect were made with help of hand- (Daly et al. 1997). In parcular, the order Hemiptera operated nets of varying sizes depending upon the area stands out as an important group of aquac Hemiptera of the water bodies. The design and operaon of the nets (Hutchinson, 1993). The Hemiptera belongs to the was approximately based on those described by Junk Division Exopterygota. They usually possess wings and go (1977). Insects collected for study were preserved in 70% through incomplete metamorphosis. The most notable alcohols. Hemiptera collecons were idenfied by using characterisc of this order is the "beak," a piercing the standard literature on the group (Thirumalai, 1999; mouthpart which has a suctorial funcon. Deepa and Rao, 2007; Bal and Basu 1994a, b). The physicochemical parameters were taken from all the 0 Aquac Hemiptera holds an important posion in the sites. The water surface temperature ranged from 26 C ecology of aquac ecosystem (Hazarika and Goswami, 2010). Certain families of the bugs are ulized in the biological control of mosquito larvae (Ohba and Nakasuji 2006; Saha et al. 2007). Out of 11 globally recognized families, 5 major families of true aquac bugs belongs to infraorder Nepomorpha i.e. Belostomadae, Corixidae, Notonecdae, Naucoridae and Nepidae are chiefly represented from India. They are characterized by their short antennae that are usually hidden. Nepomorpha bugs occupy diverse ecological niches ranging from salt- water pools to torrenal streams and rivers. Studies are being carried out by some researchers (Lanna 1975; Stearns and Kenneth, 2008; Edmondson, 1946; Englund, et.al. 2000) on estuarine hemiptera group globally. Limited number of studies (Chakraborty and Naskar, Collection Sites at Brahmani-Baitarani Estuarine Area

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 2 to 280C and sub-surface data ranged from 250C to 270C. Systemac Account The pH of water ranged from 6.9 to 7.4 and salinity Family: Nepidae ranged from 4ppt to 14ppt. Subfamily-Ranantrinae, Latereille, 1802 Tribe-Ranatrini, Latereille, 1802 A Systemac index to the aquac insects of the studied –Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 area of northern coastal districts of Odisha ORDER: HEMIPTERA 1. Ranatra elongata, Fabricius, 1790 SUB ORDER: Diagnosc Characters: The species can be idenfied by a INFRA ORDER: NEPOMORPHA POPOV, 1968 triangular tooth present in the femur beyond the middle Superfamily: Nepoidea Latreille, 1802 of its length. Metasternal process is subtriangular. FAMILY: NEPIDAE LATREILLE, 1802 Distribuon: Ghe Koili, Chandbali, Bhadrak District, Subfamily: Nepinae Latreille, 1802 Odisha. Tribe: Nepini Latreille, 1802 Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Jammu Genus: Laccotrephes Stal, 1866 & , Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Subgenus: Laccotrephes Stal, 1866 Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil 1. Laccotrephes griseus (Guerin-Meneville , 1844) Nadu, Uar Pradesh and West Bengal. 2. Laccotrephes ruber (Linnaeus, 1764) Subfamily: Ranatrinae Douglas & Sco, 1865 2. Ranatra filiformis Fabricius, 1790 Tribe: Ranatrini Douglas & Sco, 1865 Diagnosc Characters: R. filiformis mostly occurs in the shallower parts of the water bodies, where it clings to Genus: Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 the submerged vegetaon. It is smaller in size than R. Subgenus: Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 elongata. The respiratory siphon is shorter than the 3. Ranatra elongata Fabricius , 1790 body. 4. Ranatra filiformis Fabricius, 1790 Distribuon: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar) and Haripur, Ghe Koili, Chandbali, Bhadrak District, Odisha, FAMILY: BELOSTOMATIDAE LEACH, 1815 Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Subfamily: Belostomanae Leach, 1815 Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Genus: Diplonychus Laporte, 1833 Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, 5. Diplonychus ruscus (Fabricius, 1781) Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uar Pradesh and West Bengal. Subfamily: Lethocerinae Lauck & Menke, 1961 Genus: Lethocerus Mayr, 1853 Sub family-Nepinae, Latereille, 1802 Subgenus: Lethocerus Mayr, 1853 Tribe-Nepini, Latereille, 1802 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepeleler & Serville, 1825) Genus- Laccotrephus Stal, 1866 3. Laccotrephus griseus Guerin-Meneville, 1844 FAMILY: NAUCORIDAE LEACH, 1815 Diagnosc characters: This species found near the lower Superfamily: Notonectoidae Latreille, 1802 current of water flow where it is equal to stagnaon under the weeds. The abdominal appendages shorter FAMILY: NOTONECTIDAE LATREILLE, 1802 than the body. Slightly hooked and symmetrical Subfamily: Anisopinae Hutchinson, 1929 parameres. It is very common in southern India water Tribe: Anisopini Hutchinson, 1929 bodies. Genus: Anisops Spinola, 1837 Distribuon: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Chandbali 7. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy, 1901 District: Bhadrak, Odisha. Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, FAMILY: GERRIDAE Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Sub-Family: Gerrinae Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, 8. (Limnogonus) nidus (Mayr) Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uar Pradesh 9. Aqurius adelaidis (Dohrn) and West Bengal.

FAMILY: MESOVELIIDAE 4. Laccotrephus ruber, Linnaeus, 1764 Subfamily: Mesoveliinae Material Examined: 5 exs, 23.vi. 2008 S. Dash and Party. 10. Mesovelia vigera Horvath, 1895 Diagnosc characters: It is a species with a medium length of about 3-5 cm with dark brown to black. Long, FAMILY: HYDROMETRIDAE pointed shape with a long-tailed pair front leg near the Subfamily: Hydrometrinae mouth used for capturing prey. Abdominal appendices 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy, 1898 slightly longer than the body.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 3 Distribuon: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar) and Family: Gerridae Haripur, Chandbali, District Bhadrak, Odisha. Sub family: Gerrinae, Bianchi, 1896 Elsewhere : India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Genus: Limnogonus, Stal, 1868 Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Prdesh, Jammu& Kashmir, 8. Limnogonus (Limnogonus) nidus, (Mayr) 1865 Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Diagnosc characters: Limnogonus nidus is a black and Puducherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, long-legged water strider. Anterio pronotal lobe with Tamil Nadu, Uar Pradesh and West Bengal. yellow markings. This species is having a disnct connexival spine. It is a widespread species being Family: Belostomadae, Leach, 1815 distributed from sea level to 1000 meters and mostly Subfamily: Belostomanae, Leach, 1833 found as winged individuals. Genus: Diplonychus (Laporte), 1833 Distribuon: Ghe Koili, Chandbali,District: Bhadrak, 5. Diplonychus ruscus, Fabricius, 1781 Odisha Diagnosc characters: Body (less than 20mm) long. Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Single segmented fore tarsus with a small claw. It is a Bihar, Delhi, Chandigarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya voracious feeder of fish and mosquito larvae. Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Manipur, Distribuon: Laxmi Chadha, Dhamra, Baradia, Chandbali, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Tripura, Uar Pradesh District: Bhadrak, Odisha and West Bengal. Elsewhere:. India: Andaman& Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Genus: (Dohrn), 1860 Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, 9. Aquarius adelaides (Dohrn), 1860 Pondicherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Diagnosc characters: Colour: Dark brownish above, fore femur almost straight and slightly constricted before Subfamily: Lethocerinaea, Lauck & Menke, 1961 apex, terminated by two disnct spines. Middle bia Genus: Lethocerus, Mayr, 1853 longer than the hind bia; hind femur disnctly longer Subgenus: Lethocerus, Mayr, 1853 than the middle femur. Abdomen: moderately slender 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepeleer & Serville, 1825) slightly widened in the middle; Connexival spines stout Diagnosc Characters: Lethocerus indicus is a giant and long, almost reaching abdominal end (Procger). water bug in the family Belostomadae, It’s body length Segment 8 large, sub-cylindrical, with a prominent, around 11 cm. It was originally described as Belostoma triangular tubercle on the ventral surface. Pygophore indicum but is no longer placed in that genus. It is well- large, sub-ovate. Parameres conate and setose. Procger known as an edible species. elongate, ovate with pointed apex. Distribuon: Laxmi Chadha and Budhiachak, Dhamra, Distribuon: Fresh water Creek along Baitarani river, Odisha New Dhamra, District: Bhadrak, Odisha Elsewhere: India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and West Bengal. Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Family: Mesoveliidae Family: Notonecdae, Latereille, 1802 Subfamily: Mesoveliinae Subfamily: Anisopinae, Hutchinson, 1929 Genus: Mesovelia Genus: Anisops, Spinola, 1837 10. Mesovelia vigera Horvath, 1895. 7. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy,1901 Diagnosc Charaters: Mesovelia vigera is pale green. Diagnosc Characters: This species disnguished by the It is larger than Microvelia douglasi atrolineata Bergroth. posteriorly holopc eyes. Hemielytra with reduced It appears in two morphs, the winged and unwinged membrane. The structure of male stridulatory comb adults. The head is longer than it is wide and is acute which is composed of a few flaened and spatulate frontally. Its eyes are not convergent. The tarsi of the combs legs has small basal segment. In winged species, the Distribuon: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Chandbali: membrane on the hemelytron of the front wings has no Dhamra, Odisha. closed cells and the corium has dark brown thickened Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, veins forming three whish cells. Mesovelia vigera is a Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uar solitary feeder. This species found in slow running water Pradesh and West Bengal. covered by emergent or floang vegetaon. Of the two morphs, the wingless adults are more common. Infra order: , Popov, 1971 Distribuon: West side of mouth area, Dhamra: District: Family: Gerridae, Leach, 1815 Bhadrak, Odisha.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 4 Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Englund, R.A., Arakaki, K., Preston, D.J., Coles, S.L. and Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu Eldredge, L.G. (2000). Nonindigenous freshwater and estuarine and West Bengal. species introducons and their potenal to affect sporishing in the lower stream and estuarine region of the south and west shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Bishop Museum Technical Report 17: Family: Hydrometridae 1-121. Subfamily: Hydrometrinae Hazarika, R. and Goswami, M.M. (2010). Aquac Hemiptera of Genus: Hydrometra Gawha University, Guwaha, Assam, India. Journal of 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy, 1898 Threatened Taxa 2(3): 778-782. Diagnosc Characteriscs: Metatarsal length about 1.8 John H. E. (2006). Idenficaon manual for the aquac and mm. Seg 8 with weak postero-lateral corners. Body semiaquac Hemiptera of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Protecon. 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, colour light to medium brown. FL 32399-2400. Distribuon: West side of mouth area, Dhamra, District: Junk, W.J. (1977). The invertebrate fauna of floang vegetaon Bhadrak, Odisha. of Bong Barapet, a reservoir in central . Hydrobiologia Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, 53: 229-238. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Khan, R.A. (2002). Diversity of freshwater Macro- communies associated with macrophytes. Records of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Zoological Survey of India 100 (Part 1-2): 211-228. Lanna C, (1975). Insecta: HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA Gerridae The study revealed that there is a low diversity of aquac Genus Halobates, Scripps Instuon of Oceanography, La Jolla, hemiptera exists at estuarine water bodies. Only 8 genus California 92037, U.S.A. and 11 species belonging to 6 families of Hemiptera are McCafferty W.P. (1981). Aquac entomology: the fisherman’s present in the collecon. All the species are first record and ecologists’ illustrated guide to insects and their relaves. Boston, MA: Science Books Internaonal, Inc. from the study area. Stearns A.M., and Kenneth, A. ( 2008). Atlas of the Aquac and Semiaquac True Bugs (Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera) References Recorded at the Old Woman Creek Naonal Estuarine Research Anderson, M.N. (1990). Phylogeny and of water Reserve & State Nature Preserve, Ohio, Naonal Center for striders, Genus Aquarius Schellenberg (Insecta, Hemiptera, Water Quality Research Heidelberg College Tiffin, Ohio, USA Gerridae), with a new species from . Steenstrupia Zool. 44883. Mus.Univ. Copenhagen, 16(4):37-81. Subramanian K.A and Sivaramakrishnan, K.G. (2007). Aquac Chakraborty, S.K. (1996). Aquac Potenal Of Mangrove Insects of India a field guide. Small Grant Programme, ATREE, Ecosystem OF Sunderbans, West Bengal, INDIA, Bullen Bangalore, India Central Inland Capture Fishery Research Instute, Pp72-83. Thirumalai, G. (1994). Aquac and semi-aquac Hemiptera Chakraborty, P.K.and and Naskar, K.R. (1988). Role of (Insecta) of Tamil Nadu-Dharampuri and Pudukoai districts. mangrove in estuarine fisheries development. Bullen Central Records Zoological Survey Of India 165:1-45. Inland Capture Fishery Research Instute, Barrackpore !7 : Thirumalai, G. (2007). A synopc list of Nepomoirpha 229-33. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from India. Records Zoological Survey Daly, H.V., Doyen, J.T. and Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introducon to Of India, 273, 1-84. insect biology and diversity. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford Yang, C.M. and Zeel, H. (2005). Guide to the Aquac University Press, Inc. heteroptera of and Peninsular . V. Deepa, J. (2010). Checklist of Aquac Coleoptera of India. ZSI Hydrometridae. Raffles Bullen Of Zoology,. 53(1):79-97. Checklist at www.zsi.gov.in. Zeel, H. and Ruiz R. B. (2003). Aquarius philippinensis sp.n., a Deepa, J. and C.A.N.Rao (2007). Aquac Hemiptera of large endemic water strider (Insecta: Heteroptera: Gerridae) Pocharam Lake, Andhra Pradesh. Zoos’ Print journal 22(12): from ancient crater lakesin South Luzon, . Annalen 2937-39. des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104 B, 195 – 202. Edmondson, C.H. (1946). Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publicaon 22: 1-381

Image 1. Aquarius adelaides (Dohrn)

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 5 Image 2. Connexival spines stout and long Image 3. Limnogonus (Limnogonus) nitidus (Mayr)

Image 4. Anterio pronotal lobe with yellow markings Image 5. Diplonychus rusticus, Fabricius

Image 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier & Serville)

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 6

Image 7. Laccotrephus ruber, Linnaeus Image 8. Laccotrephus griseus Guerin-Meneville

Image 9. Mesovelia vittigera Image 10. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy

Image 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy Image 12. H. greeni Apex of Head, Dorsal view

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 7 Preliminary Study on Spider Fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India

Sachin R. Pal1, S. Sambath1 and Rita Bhandari2 1Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijaynagar, Jabalpur 482 002 2 Government Autonomous Model Science College, Pachpedi, Jabalpur 482 001 1Corresponding author: E-mail: srpa[email protected]

Abstract longitudes. The topography is hilly. According to Dwivedi The present paper is based on the preliminary studies on the (2003) there are two forest types viz. (i) Teak forests and spider fauna of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, (ii) Mixed deciduous forests with Teak (Tectona grandis) Madhya Pradesh, India. Faunisc surveys were undertaken as abundant tree species in the sanctuary. The sanctuary during 2009-2011 and collected over 100 specimens of spider along with other faunal groups which revealed 29 species is fairly well stocked with wildlife typical of the Central belonging to 18 genera under 10 families from various localies India. in and around the sanctuary, of which, the members of family Araneidae are outnumbering the other spider families and all the species have been recorded for the first me from this sanctuary. Oxyopes chirae Tikader, Peucea viridana (Stoliczka), Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus), Telamonia dimidiata (Simon), Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer and Thomisus pooneus Tikader are recorded for the first me from the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Introducon are abundant and widespread in almost all ecosystems. It plays a very significant role in the ecology by being one of the exclusive predators of insects including those harmful to human being and help in maintaining ecological equilibrium. The World Spider Catalog includes around 42,751 species under 3,859 Map 1. genera and 110 families (Platnick, 2012). Siliwal et al. (2005) has updated the Indian spider list with 1,442 species under 361 genera and 59 families. Sebasan et al. (2009) described 156 spider species belonging to 145 Materials and Methods genera under 60 families from India. Ramkrishna et al. During the faunisc surveys (April, 2009 - March, 2011) (2006) have also documented faunal resources of all spiders were collected from various localies in and Naonal Parks of Madhya Pradesh and Chhasgarh, in around the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen district of which 64 spider species are listed, including 16 species Madhya Pradesh by using different collecon methods i. from the Kanha Naonal Park, 27 species from the Pench Acve visual search, ii. Plants beang with umbrella, and Naonal Park, 29 species from the Satpura Naonal Park iii. Net sweeping. The spiders were found in various and 14 species from Indrava Naonal Park. Recently, habitats like damp places near waterbodies, under Pal (2011) updated 214 spider species of 68 genera stones, leaf lier, tree barks, logs, on plants, etc. Spider under 22 families known from Madhya Pradesh including collecon and preservaon methodology was based on Chhasgarh. Perusal of literature shows that there is no Tikader (1987). Spiders were preserved in recfied spirit report on the spider fauna of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary. with few drops of glycerin in collecon vials. Spiders Based on the faunisc surveys, the present study reveals were studied under LEICA M205A Stereo-zoom 29 species belonging to 18 genera under 10 families from Microscope following standard taxonomic keys provided the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen district, Madhya by Tikader (1980, 1982), Tikader and Malhotra (1980), Pradesh, India. Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocque (2006), Gajbe (2008) and Sebasan et al. (2009). The nomenclature of the Study Area idenfied species is based on Platnick (2012). All the The Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary was nofied and came in idenfied specimens were deposited and registered with to existence in July, 1976 in Bari Tehsil of Raisen district the Naonal Zoological Collecons of the Zoological of Madhya Pradesh (Map 1). The sanctuary spans over Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Jabalpur, 287.910 sq. kms. and geographically located between 220 M.P. The photographs of the idenfied species have 45’ and 220 55’ N latudes and 770 15’ and 780 0’ E

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 8 been taken with the help of Digital SLR (Nikon-D70s) The authors are highly grateful to Dr. K. Venkatraman, Director, camera in field condions. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for providing facilies and encouragement. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Kailash Chandra Scienst-F & Addional Director, Zoological Survey of India, Results and Discussion Kolkata for guidance and encouragement, the Principal Chief In the present finding, 99 spider specimens of (Order: Conservator of Forests, Bhopal for permission for collecon and Araneae) were examined and idenfied from Singhori survey the areas, and to the DFO, Obedullaganj to provide Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen, M.P which resulted into 29 facilies and accommodaon during the surveys. Thanks are species belonging to 18 genera under 10 families (Table also due to Shri. M.E. Limje, Photographer and Shri. Ramdayal Patel, Collecon Tender for assistance during the faunisc 1). Family Araneidae is outnumbering the other families surveys. which represent 35% spider diversity followed by Oxyopidae (17%) along with Lycosidae (10%) and References Thomisidae (10%) (Figure 1). Families Eresidae, Dwivedi, A.P. (2003). Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh. Gnaphosidae, Nephilidae and Sparassidae were Government Prinng Press, Bhopal: 254pp. represented by single species (Table 1). Abundance of Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. and Jocque, R. (2006). Spider Families Of The World, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Araneids was mainly due to dense forests with adequate Tervuren, 1-336. tree foliage that caters enough prey-base for such typical Gajbe, U. A. (2008). Fauna of India and the adjacent countries, Orb-weaving foliage dweller spider species.

! ! Six species viz. Oxyopes chirae Tikader, Peucea Spider (Aracnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae), Zoological Survey of viridana (Stoliczka) (Oxyopidae), Telamonia dimidiata India, Kolkata, Vol.III: 1-117. (Simon) (Salcidae), Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) Pal, Sachin R. (2011). Spiders of the States of Madhya Pradesh (Sparassidae), Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer and Chhasgarh (Arachnida: Araneae): Updated checklist 2011, (Tetragnathidae) and Thomisus pooneus Tikader The Indian Forester, 137(10): 1217-1224. Platnick, N. I. (2012). The World Spider Catalog, Version 12.5. (Thomisidae) (Plate 1) are reported as a new record to American Museum of Natural History. hp:// the spider fauna of Madhya Pradesh while all the species research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/ catalog/index.html are documented for the first me from the Singhori (last accessed on 31 January, 2012). Wildlife Sanctuary. Ramakrishna, Chandra, Kailash, Nema, D.K., Ahirwar, S.C. and Alfred, J.R.B. (2006). Faunal Resources of Naonal Parks of Madhya Pradesh and Chhasgarh, Conservaon Area Series, Locality-wise distribuon of species is given in Table 1 Records of Zoological Survey of India, 30: 1-123. and figure 2. Maximum number of spiders (8 spp.) is Sebasan, P.A. and Peter, K. V. (2009). Spiders of India, First found in Purtala island, followed by Bajni, Bamhori and Edion, Universies Press, Hyderabad: 1-614. Bhagdehi 5 spp. each, Badi and Sitapur 4 spp. each and 3 Siliwal, M., Molur, S. and Biswas, B. K. (2005). Indian Spiders spp. each from Kartoli and Ratanpur. While Ekyawan, (Arachnida: Araneae): Updated Checklist 2005. Zoos’ Print Jaitgarh, Paudi, Ramgada, Senkua and Siyalwada Journal, 20 (10): 1999-2049. Tikader, B. K. (1980). Fauna of India-Araneae, Family represent 2 spp. each and Barna Dam, Belgaon, Mugeha, Thomisidae (Crab-spiders), Zoological Survey of India, Culcua, Peepalwadi, Rajgha and Sukad are represented with 1 Vol. I (1): 1-247. sp. the least amongst all localies. Hence, extensive Tikader, B. K. (1982). Fauna of India-Araneae: Spiders, Family faunisc surveys will help in understanding spider Araneidae & Gnaphosidae, Zoological Survey of India, Culcua, diversity in the sanctuary. Vol. II (1 & 2): 536pp. Tikader, B. K. (1987). Handbook: Indian Spiders (Anon. Ed.). Zoological Survey of India, Calcua, 251 pp. Acknowledgements Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 9 Tikader, B. K. and M. S. Malhotra (1980). Fauna of India- Araneae, Family Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders), Zoological Survey of India, Culcua, Vol. I (2): 248-447.

Table 1: Checklist of Spiders of the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh

Scientific name Habit Locality Specimens Family: Araneidae Simon, 1895 Argiope aemula (Walckenaer, 1842) Foliage Orb Weaver Bajni, Ratanpur 2F Cyclosa hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 Foliage Orb Weaver Bamhori 1F Neoscona chrysanthusi Tikader & Bal, 1981 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 1980 Foliage Orb Weaver Ekyawan, Mugeha 2F Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) Foliage Orb Weaver Badi 1F Neoscona odites (Simon, 1906) Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona sinhagadensis (Tikader, 1975) Foliage Orb Weaver Rajghati 1M Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1842) Foliage Orb Weaver Sitapur, Purtala Island 1F, 1M Zygeilla indica Tikader & Bal, 1980 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Family: Eresidae C.L. Koch, 1851 Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch, 1891 Colonial Foliage Weaver Jaithgarh 18F Family: Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898 Scopoides maitraiae (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) Ground Hunter Bajni 1F Family: Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 Lycosa poonaensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Ground Hunter Ramgada, Ratanpur 2F Bhagdehi , Bamhori, Paudi, Pardosa amkhasensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1976 Ground Hunter 7F Peepalwadi Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand,1906) Ground Hunter Belgaon 1F Family: Nephilidae Simon, 1894 Bhagdehi, Senkua, Sitapur, pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) Foliage Orb Weaver 10F, 1M Siyalwada, Sukad, Purtala Island Family: Oxyopidae Thorell, 1870 Oxyopes ashae Gajbe, 1999 Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni, Bamhori, Bhagdehi 7F Oxyopes chittrae Tikader, 1965 Foliage Hunter Kartoli 1F Oxyopes pankaji Gajbe & Gajbe, 2001 Foliage Hunter Bhagdehi 1F, 1M Oxyopes shweta Tikader, 1970 Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni, Sitapur 3F, 1M Peucetia viridana (Stoliczka, 1869) Foliage Hunter Kartoli 1F Family: Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) Ground Hunter Bamhori 3F Telamonia dimidiata (Simon, 1899) Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni 4F, 1M Family: Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767) Foliage Hunter Bamhori, Kartoli 3F Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, 1864) Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island, Sitapur, Siyalwada, 4F, 1M Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1842 Foliage Weaver Ekyawan, Purtala Island, Ratanpur 5F, 4M Family: Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Lysiteles brunettii (Tikader, 1962) Foliage Hunter Bhagdehi, Paudi, Ramgada, Senkua 4F Thomisus pooneus Tikader, 1965 Foliage Hunter Jaithgarh 1F Thomisus projectus Tikader, 1960 Foliage Hunter Barna Dam 1F

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 10 Plate I. Some Spiders of the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen

Image 1. Female of Oxyopes chittrae Tikader (Family Image 2 Female of Peucetia viridana (Stoliczka) Oxyopidae) Tikader (Family Oxyopidae)

Image 3. Female of Telamonia dimidiata (Simon) (Family Image 4. Female of Thomisus pooneus (Tikader) Salticidae) (Family Thomisidae)

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 11 Checklist of Dermaptera from Uarakhand State

V.D. Hegde and B. Lal Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700 053 Corresponding author: [email protected]

Uarakhand is a state located in northern part of India Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Mussoorie; Himachal and it was separated from the state of Uar Pradesh in Pradesh, Simla. 2000. Earlier it was named as Uaranchal and officially Elsewhere: . changed from Uaranchal to Uarakhand in 2007. The state shares the internaonal boundary with China and Haplodiplatys brancuccii Srivastava, 1983 on north and east respecvely and state boundary 1983. Haplodiplatys brancuccii Srivastava, Ent. with Himachal Pradesh and Uar Pradesh in the west Basiliensia, 8: 39 (Male; India: and south respecvely. The state is well known for snow Uarakhand, Gangani). peaks, glaciers, rivers and mountains. The Uarakhand Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Gangani. state geologically represents and shallow Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. valleys. Due to its varied topography Uarakhand has diversified climate. Ecologically, the Uarakhand state Haplodyplatys rufescens (Kirby, 1986) represents a unique ecosystem in India. The hills with 1986. Cylindrogaster rufescens Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool), varied physiography and climac condions, possess a 25: 524, Pl. 20, fig. 2. (Male) very rich faunal diversity. Even though there are several Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand and Himachal Pradesh studies on the fauna of Uarakhand by different research (all along the Himalayas). workers no comprehensive report has been published Elsewhere: Nepal, and Bhutan. on the Dermaptera fauna of this state. Hence an aempt has been made to bring out the checklist of Dermaptera Subfamily: Echinosomanae from Uarakhand state. As per record available in the Genus: Echinosoma Serville literature, 52 species (7 species of Pygidicranoidea, 13 Echinosoma parvulum Dohrn, 1863 species of Anisolaboidea and 32 species of Forficuloidea) 1863. Echinosoma parvulum Dohrn, Sten, ent. Ztg., 24: have been reported from different parts of Uarakhand 66 (female: Ceylon). state which indicates a good biological diversity of Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Dehradun, Lachiwala western Himalayan ecosystem in India and constutes (FRI); Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. about 1/6th of the total species found in India. While Elsewhere: and . preparing the checklist only original reference were taken into consideraon. Echinosoma denferum Borelli, 1912 1912. Echinosoma denferum Borelli, Bull.Mus. Hist. nat. Super Family: Pygidicranoidea Paris, 18(4): 223 (Male; Bhutan). Family: Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Dehradun (FRI); Subfamily: Diplatyinae Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal. Genus: Diplatys Serville Elsewhere: Bhutan. Diplatys adjacens Hincks, 1955 1955. Diplatys adjacens Hincks, Syst. Mono. Super Family Anisolaboidea Dermaptera, 1: 110. ( Male, female; India: Family: Madhya Pradesh: Chikalda, Berars; Uarakhand: West Subfamily: Isolaboidinae Almora, Div. Kumaon). Genus: Isolaboides Hincks, 1958 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand and Madhya Pradesh. Isolaboides rimosus Steinmann, 1983 Elsewhere: Not yet reported. 1983. Isolaboidesrimosus Steinmann, Revue Suisse zool., Genus: Haplodiplatys Hincks 90(3): 251, figs. 7-8 (Male; India) Haplodiplaty niger Hincks, 1955 Uarakhand, Garhwal, Dhanol, 6 k.m. East, 2300m). 1955. Haplodiplatys niger Hincks, Syst. Mono. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Garhwal. Dermaptera, 1: 18 (Male; India: Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Uarakhand, Haldwani) Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Kumaon Hills. Subfamily: Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Genus: Burr, 1909 Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847) Haplodiplatys chinensis (Hincks, 1954) 1847. Forficesila annulipes Lucas, Annls. Soc. ent. Fr., 5 1954. Diplatys chinensis Hincks, Syst. Mono. (2) : 84 (Type female; France Introduced). Dermaptera , 1: 69, figs. 68-69 (Male: China: Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Dehradun and Tons Szechwan Ben, Luh. Din., 30 m. N. Chengtu 6000 .) Valley; Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, 1974. Hoplodyplatys chinensis: Steinmann, Acta. Zool. Maharashtra, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Tripura, Acad. Sci. Hung., 20(1-2): 204. Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Assam and Andaman Islands.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 12 Elsewhere: , Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Labidura dharchulensis Gangola, 1968 Myanmar, China and Sri Lanka. 1968. Labidura dharchulensis Gangola, Entomologist, 101: 59, figs. 6-11 (Male, female; India: Uarakhand, Euborellia femoralis (Dohrn, 1863) Pithoragarh district, Dharchula, 915 m.) 1863. Labidura femoralisDohrn, Sten. Ent. Ztg., 24: 321 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Pithoragarh, Dharchula. (Female; Ceylon). Elsewhere: Not yet reported. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Nainital. Remarks: On the basis of the original descripon and Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. figures, this species agrees with smaller forms of Labidura riparia (Pallas). Euborellia kumaonensis Gangola, 1968 1968: Euborellia kumaonensis Gangola, Entomologist, Forcipula quadrispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) 101: 55, figs 1-4 (Male; India: Uarakhand, Nainital 1863. Labidura quadrispinosa Dohrn, Sten. Ent. Ztg., district). 24: 311 (♂; Tranquebar, India and Sri Lanka) Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Nainital. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (All over India below Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 3000 . in Himalayas). Remark: Since the male genitalia of this species has not Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, South China, been described by the author, the taxonomic status of Thailand, Indo-China, Philippines Island, and Maurius. this species is doubul. Ent. Ztg., 24: 310 (Male; India Oriental) Euborellia askotensisGangola, 1968 Forcipula trispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) 1968. Euborelliaaskotensis Gangola, Entomologist, 101: 1863 Labidura trispinosa Dohrn, Sten. ent. Ztg., 24:310 55, (Male; India: Uarakhand, Pithoragarh district). (Male; India Oriental). Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Pithoragarh. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun, Kumaon Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. and Garhwal Hills), Assam, Meghalaya (all along the Remark: The taxonomic status of this species is doubul Himalayas), Andaman Islands and West Bengal. since the shape of the parameres of this species does not Elsewhere: Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal. match with the members of genus Euborellia. Forcipula lurida Bolivar, 1897 Family 1897. Forcipula quadrispinosa var. lurida Bolivar, Annls. Subfamily: Nalinae Soc. ent. Fr., 66: 283 (Male; Madras Presidency, India). Genus: Nala Zacher,1910 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Garhwal Hills), Bihar, Nala lividipes (Dufour, 1820) Assam and Tamil Nadu. 1820. Forficula pallipes Dufour, Ann Gener des Phys.de Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. Bruxelles, 4: 316, pl.116, figs. 7, 7a and 7b (Male, Female; Lower Catalonia, Spain-Locaon of Type Forcipula indica Brindle, 1966 unknown). 1910. Forcipula pugnax Burr (nec Kirby), Fauna of Brish Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun district), India, Dermaptera: 93, pl. 3, fig. 27. West Bengal, Uar Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Jammu Holotype in Brish Museum (Natural History), London). and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun district, Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Garhwal Hills) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Sikkim. Nala nepalensis (Burr, 1907) Elsewhere: Nepal and Bhutan. 1907. Forficula nepalensis Burr, Rec. India Mus., 1: 208 (Male, female; Nepal, Soondrijal and Pharping). Super Family: Forficuloidea Family: Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun, Pithoragarh Subfamily: Homotaginae and Nainital districts), Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Genus: Homotages Burr, 1909 Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Homotages feae (Bormans, 1888) West Bengal, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim. 1888. Anechura feae Bormans, Ann. Mus. Stor. Elsewhere: Bhutan, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan Nat.Genova, 6(2): 445, figs. 4-7 (1 male Thagota and Malayasia. (Tennaserium). Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Kumaon and Garhwal Subfamily: Labidurinae Hills) Meghalaya, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh and Genus: Labidura Leach, 1815 Sikkim. Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773) Elsewhere: Myanmar, Vietnam and Nepal. 1773. Forficula riparia Pallas, Reise Russ, Reichs, 2 : 727 (Shores ofIrtysch River, Western Siberia). Genus: Chaetospania Karsch 1866 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand and West Bengal Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj (Cosmopolitan – ranging from sea shore to mountains). and Banerjee, 1971 Elsewhere: Worldwide: Most common in tropical parts of the world.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 13 1971 Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj Subfamily: Chelisochinae and Banerjee, Bull. Ent. 12(1): 31, figs. 5-6 (Holotype Genus: Hamaxas Burr, 1904 male, Paratype 3 females; India: Chakrata range, Hamaxas melanocephalus (Dohrn, 1865) Haldwani, U.P.) 1865. Lobophora melanocephalus Dohrn, Sten ent. Distribuon: India: Uarakhand: Chakrata Range, Ztg., 26: 75. (Male, female ; India: Tranquebar). Haldwani. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun district), Karnataka, Tripura, Puducherry and Assam. Subfamily: Irdexinae Srivastava, 1985 Genus: Burr, 1911 Hamaxas bidentatus Ramamurthi, 1965 Irdex nidipennis (Bormans, 1894) 1965. Hamaxas bidentatus Ramamurthi, Ann. Mag. 1894. Spongophora nidipennis; Bormans, Annali Mus. nat.Hist., 8(13): 62. Figs. 11-12 (Male; Hospet) Civ. Stor. Nat. Giacomo Doria, 14(2): 382. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Dehradun; Karnataka, Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Pauri - Garhwal; Tripura, Puducherry, Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim and Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Arunachal Pradesh. . Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Indo-China, Bhutan, Subfamily: Opisthocosmiinae Thailand and Hainan Island. Genus: Hypurgus Burr, 1907 Hypurgus humeralis (Kirby, 1891) Subfamily: Labiinae Burr, 1911 1891.Opisthocosmia humeralis Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool). Genus: Chaetospania Karsch, 1886 23: 532. (Female, Sri Lanka). Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis; Kapoor, Bharadwaj Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun, Rishikesh), and Banerjee 1971 Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Andaman 1971. Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis; Kapoor, and Nicobar Island, Kerala, Odisha and West Bengal. Bharadwaj and Banerjee, Bull. Ent. 12(1): 31, figs. Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, Borneo, Thailand, Vietnam, 5-6. (Holotype male, Paratypes 3 Male; India: Chakrata Nepal and Sri Lanka. Range, Haldwani, Uarakhand). Genus: Timomenus burr, 1907 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Chakrata range, Timomenus lugens (Bormans, 1894) Haldwani. 1894. Opisthocosmisa lugens Bormans, Annali Mus. Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Civ.stor. nat. GiacomoDoria,14(2) : 398. (2 Males, 1 female; Myanmar: Carin Cheba) Genus: Leach, 1815 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Garhwal district), (Lineaus, 1758) Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West 1758. Forficula minor Linnaeus, Systema naturae, 10th Bengal and Sikkim. Ed., 1: 423. Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun, Garhwal . and Kumaon Hills) Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Philippine Islands, Africa, Genus: Eparchus Burr, 1907 N. America, Europe and Nepal. Eparchus insignis (Haan, 1842) 1842. Forficula insignis Haan, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederl. Labia Phanduwalensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Banerjee, Overg. Bezi.,: 243, pl 23, fig.15. (Male, female; ) 1971. Distribuon: INDIA: Uatrakhand (Kumaon Hills), Assam, 1971. Labia Phanduwalensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Karnataka, Banerjee, Bull. Ent., 12(1) : 30. Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Sikkim. Fig. 3-4 (Male, female: Dehradun, Phanduwala). Elsewhere: Thailand, Vietnam, , Nepal and China. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Dehradun; Meghalaya, West Bengal, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Eparchus simplex (Bormans, 1894) Uar Pradesh and Assam. 1894. Opisthocosmia simplex Bormans, Annali Mus. Civ. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka, Philippine Island, Thailand, Stor. Nat. GiacomoDoria, 14(2); 396. Bangladesh, Vietnam and Myanmar. (6 Males, 2 females; Birmania: Carin Asciuii- Ghecu) Distribuon: INDIA: Uatrakhand (Kumaon Hills), Assam, Genus Proreus Burr, 1907 Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Manipur Proreus chaerjeei Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Banerjee and Sikkim. 1971. Elsewhere: Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and 1971. Proreus chaerjeei Kapoor, Bharadwaj and China. Banerjee, Bull. Ent., 12 : 33, Fig.7-8. (male, female; Dehradun). Subfamily: Allodahliinae Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Dehradun-Kaunli Genus Allodahlia Verhoeff, 1902 garden. Allodahlia scabriuscula (Serville, 1839) Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 1839. Forficula scabriuscula Serville, Hist. nat. Orth., 1839: 38. (Female Holotype; Amerique meridionale). Family:

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 14 Distribuon: India: Uarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, 1865. Forficula metallica Dohrn, Ste. Ent. Zeit.26: 90. Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya. (Male, female; India orientali: Assam). Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun, Nainital), Indonesia, Philippines Islands and . Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh and Sikkim. Allodahlia macropyga (Westwood, 1836) Elsewhere: Nepal, China, Myanmar and Vietnam. 1836. Forficulamacropyga Westwood, in Royale, Illst. Himalayas, 2: liii. (Male, Holotype; Genus Pterygida Verhoeff, 1902 Himalaya). Pterygida temora (Burr, 1904) Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Dehradun Dist, 1904. Opisthocosmia temora Burr, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., Mussoorie); Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, 1904: 312. (Male; India Borealis: Darjeeling). Arunachal Pradesh, Assam. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Kumaon hills; West Elsewhere: Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan and South China. Bengal, and Sikkim. Elsewhere: China and Indonesia. Allodahlia dineshi Gangola,1965 1965. Allodahlia dineshi Gangola, Entomologists, 98: 235, Family: Forficulidae figs. 18-21. (Holotype Male; India: Kumaon Hills, Nainital) Subfamily: Forficulinae Burr, 1907 Distribuon: India: Uarakhand: Kumaon hills, Sukhtal, Genus: Elaunon Burr, 1907 Dehradun Dist., Mussoori; and Arunachal Pradesh. Elaunon bipartus Kirby, 1891 Elsewhere: Not yet Recorded. 1891. Sphingolabis biparta Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 23: 526 (♂♀; India). Allodahlia coriacea Bormans, 1894 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Kumaon hills, Nainital, 1894. AnechuracoriaceaBormans, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. Dehradun and Almora), Assam, Himachal Pradesh, nat. Giacomo Doria, 14 (2): 403 (Holotype Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Manipur. Male; Myanmar: Carin Cheba). Elsewhere: Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Indonesia, Sri Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Kumaon Hills; Himachal Lanka, Vietnam, Philippine islands, Taiwan, New Guinea Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and and Australia. Sikkim. Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Elaunon gangoli Gangola, 1965 Philippines Islands. 1965. Elaunon gangoli Gangola, Entomologist, 98: p.231, figs. 12-16 (Holotype Male, Almora; Paratype 1 male, Genus Anechura Scudder, Pithoragarh dist.). Anechuran stoliczkae Burr, 1911 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Pithoragarh and 1911. Anechura stoliczkae Burr, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (NS), Almora districts. 7: 792. (2 males, 3 females; North India: Upper Sutlej Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. dist., Bashahar). Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Genus: Forficula Linnaeus, 1758 Kashmir. Forficula splendida Bey-Bienko, 1933 Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan (all along the Himalaya) and 1933. Forficula splendid Bey-Bienko, Ark. Zool. 25 A (20): China. 7, pl. 4 (2 males, 3 females, China). Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Pauri-Garhwal) and Anechura filchneri (Burr, 1907) Arunachal Pradesh 1907. Odontopsalis f ilchneri Burr, Dermaptera Elsewhere: China. (): 58, pl.3, fig.8. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Kumaon and Garwal Forficula cristata Srivastava, 1982 hills. 1982. Forficula cristata Srivastava, Ent. Basiliensia, 7: 72, Elsewhere: China. figs. 16-23. (Holotype Male; India: W.B. Darjeeling dist.) Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Kumaon hills and Anechura zubovskii Semenov, 1901 Nainital districts) and West Bengal. 1901. Anechura zubovskii Semenov, Horae Soc. ent. Res., Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 35: 188. (males, females; Himalaya, Occid, Ladak: Vallis fluvii Drass). Forficula interrogans Burr, 1905 Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Chamoli and 1905. Forficula interrogans Burr, Ent. Mon. Mag., (2) No. Pithoragarh districts), Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and 184: 85. (Type male; India, W.B. Darjeeling dist.) Kashmir. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Nainital and Kumaon Elsewhere: China, Afghanistan, Pakistan. hills), West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. Elsewhere: China. Subfamily: Eudohrninae Genus: Eudohrnia Burr, 1907 Forficula beelzebub (Burr, 1900) Eudohrnia metallica (Dohrn 1865)

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 15 1900. beelzebub Burr, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Myanmar and China. 64 : 51(1 Male; India: Kurseong). Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand (Joshimath, Dehradun Forficula aske Purohit, Julka and Lal, 1985 and Mussoorie); Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, 1985. Forficula aske Purohit, Julka and Lal, Bull. Zool. Manipur, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh Surv. India,7(2-3): 165, figs. 1-3, (Holotype male, and Meghalaya. Paratype 1 male; India: H.P. Sirmour dist.) Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, South Africa, Nepal and Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Bhutan. Elsewhere: Not yet recorded.

Forficula kumaoniensis Kapoor,1973. Acknowledgments 1973. Forficula kumaoniensis Kapoor, Entomologist`s We are very much indebted to the Dr K. Venkataraman, mon. Mag. 109: 57, figs. 1-4. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for facilies. We Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Kumaon Hills, Almora. are also thankful to Dr. G.K. Srivastava, Retd. Scienst, ZSI for Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. his valuable suggeson during the preparaon of the check- list. Forficula planicollis Kirby, 1891 1891. Forficula planicollis Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. References: 23: 256, (Female, North India) Brindle, A. 1987. New Dermaptera records from Nepal with the Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand: Mandoli, Sitapuri, descripon of new species and review of the Himalayan fauna Garhwal; Sikkim, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh. (Insecta), Courier Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg, 93: 331-351. Meghalaya and West Bengal. Burr, M. 1913. Indian Dermaptera collected by Dr. A. D. Imms. Elsewhere: Myanmar, Nepal, Myanmar, China and J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., (N.S.) 9: 183-187. Bhutan. Burr, M. 1915. On the male genital armature of the Dermaptera. Part II. Psalidae. J.R. micr. Soc., 1915: 521-546, pls. Forficula lucasi Dohrn, 1965 10-12, figs. 58-64. Srivastava, G.K. 1969. On a new genus of Dermaptera from 1865. Forficula lucasi Dohrn, Ste. Ent. Zeit., 26 : 98 India. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var., 81: 246-248. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Kumaon Hills. Srivastava, G.K. 1979. Notes on a collecon of Dermaptera Elsewhere: Myanmar, Syria, Iran, Arabia, Egypt and from Manipur( India ) with the descripon of two new species. Sahara. J. zool. Soc. India., 27 (1-2) (1975) : 101- 111. Remark: Doubul species. Srivastava, G.K. 1992. Studies on some material of Dermaptera from Himachal Pradesh, India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 91 (1): Forficula schlagintwei (Burr, 1904) 111-125. 1904. Forficula schlagintwei Burr, Trans. ent. Soc. Srivastava, G.K. 1993. Notes on the species of Aborolabis Lond.,: 314. (1 Male; Tibet; India Borealis: Darjeeling). srivastava (Insecta: Dermaptera) from the Indian subconnent. Distribuon: INDIA: Uarakhand, Pipalko; Sikkim, Rec. zool. Surv. India, 90 (1-4) (1992): 23-25. Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh Srivastava, G.K. 1995. State Fauna series 4: Fauna of and West Bengal. Meghalaya : part 3: 291-352.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 16 Observaons on Lasiommata menava (Moore, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) aracted to light at Kalatop and Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh, India

Avtar Kaur Sidhu High Altude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Saproon, Solan 173 211, H.P. [email protected]

The most diverse order of insects and primarily Himachal Pradesh. The main forest types are subalpine associated with angiosperm plants, is Lepidoptera which forests and subtropical broad leaved hill forests, alpine comprises (approximately 1,75,000 species) and moist pastures consisng of patches of coniferous and buerflies (17,900 species). Most of the moths are oak forests, the main tree types being Ban Oak (Quercus nocturnal in nature and buerflies are diurnal except a incana) and Cedar (Cedrus deodara). The temperature of few species of subfamily satyrinae which are also acve this area varies from -100 C in extreme winters to 310 C at dusk me. The most favourite method to collect during summers and has a temperate climate. During moths is on a light source aer dusk me, which includes present observaons, two species viz., nymphalid Aglais especially designed light traps. However a few species of caschmirensis and satyrid Lasiommata menava are buerflies which are otherwise diurnal in nature have recorded on light source. also been reported to be aracted towards light sources at night. From me to me such records have been Material and Methods published by many sciensts from the world over. From The observaons were made in both Chail and Kalatop India, there are various records which includes (Best, Wildlife Sanctuaries using light trap, the laer consists of 1951, 1956), Usman, (1956), Donahue (1962), Shull a funnel, fied with baffle plates. The source of light (160 (1963,1964), Heitzman (1965), Nadkerny and Shull Wa mercury vapour lamp) is fied in the centre of the (1967), Sharma and Chaturvedi (1999, 2005), and Nair funnel. A white coon sheet is spread against the light (2001). Chowdhury and Soren (2011) reviewed the light source to observe the species. The observaons were aracted buerflies from the Indian region which made during the months of May/July and August/ includes 30 species (27 species from reviewed papers September, 2010-2012. The basic idea was to observe and 03 they recorded). It represents all buerfly species coming on light, as these are nocturnal in families, the largest number of species belongs to family nature. Nymphalidae (10 species). All the previous papers on light aracted buerflies observed on arficial light Results and discussion source are from south, eastern and central India In India, the species Aglais caschmirensis is commonly including the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, found in the Himalaya where the distribuon of Gujarat, West Bengal and the capital of India, New Delhi. Lasiommata menava is restricted to the North-West During the present observaons, Lasiommata menava Himalayan ecosystem. Wynter-Blyth (1957) quoted (commonly called as the Dark Wall) and Aglais Aglais caschmirensis as a day flying species, lover of caschmirensis, (commonly called as the Indian sunshine and fond of basking whereas the habits of Tortoiseshell) have been recorded on moth light trap Lasiommata menava has not been recorded. During using 160 wa mercury vapour lamp in Chail Wildlife present studies, surveys have been undertaken in Sanctuary and Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary from 20-24 May, 2010 and Pradesh. The Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, Chail, is located at 06-10 September, 2011, and local surveys in Chail 300 58’ 15” N, 770 13’ 58” E, comes under two districts Wildlife Sanctuary in the months of July-August, 2011, (Solan and Shimla) of Himachal Pradesh. It has mixed under two projects of Zoological Survey of India on Himalayan subtropical pine forest, Ban Oak forest and faunal diversity of these sanctuaries. In present studies it Moru Oak forest, with the dominant species being Ban has been observed that the former species is common in Oak (Quercus incana) mixed with Chir Pine (Pinus both the wildlife sanctuaries, present during the day me roxburghii) and Cedar (Cedrus deodara). The average from 09.00 am to 2.00 pm and have been seen basking as altude of the sanctuary is 2000 m ASL and the climate well as mud-puddling individually during day me. The of the area is temperate with temperature varies from species Lasiommata menava is not common in both the -40 Celsius in winter to 340 Celsius in summer. Whereas, sanctuaries, present during the day me from 10.30 am the Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalatop-Khijjar lies at 320 to 4.00 pm, and were seen basking as well as mud- 33’ 36” N, 76 0 01’11” E, is located in district Chamba of puddling individually during day me. The light trap was

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 17 set daily at night to observe the moth diversity in both confirms its crepuscular nature. However, as far as the sanctuaries. However it also aracted two buerfly season is concerned, during present observaons both species. During present observaons (2010-2011), the species have been found to be aracted towards Lasiommata menava, the Dark Wall and Aglais light equally in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post- caschmirensis, the Indian Tortoiseshell have been monsoon periods which tentavely infer that the recorded to be aracted to light at night at Kalatop and monsoon are not much related to the behaviour of Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh from buerflies towards aracon to light. North West Himalaya. The observaons made by the present authors are given in Table-1. The presently Acknowledgments observed two species are new addions to Indian The author is grateful to Dr. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological buerflies recorded on light source besides it is first Survey of India, Kolkata for providing necessary facilies and record of this phenomena from these sanctuaries as well the encouragement. as state of Himachal Pradesh, as no buerflies on light source have been recorded from here. References Best, A.E.G. (1951). The Buerflies of Bombay and Salsee. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 50(2): 331– 339. All the species were observed as single individuals light Best, A.E.G. (1956). Further Notes and Addions to the list of trap, however on a single night on 24.5.2010 at Kalatop Buerflies from Bombay and Salsee. Journal of the Bombay Wildlife Sanctuary, 3 examples of Lasiommata menava Natural History Society 54(1): 215–216. were observed on the light trap. Donahue (1962) stated Donahue, J.P. (1962). Observaons and records of buerflies that crepuscular species are aracted more frequently to aracted to light in India. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 16(12): 131–135. arficial lights and this light aracon among buerflies Heitzman, R. (1965). More observaons on the aracon of has been found to be inclined more in the monsoon diurnal lepidoptera to light. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ season (June–October) in the Indian sub-region Society 19(3): 179–180. (Soumyajit and Soren, 2011). A buerfly may fly at light if Nadkerny, N.T. & E.M. Shull (1968). Insects aracted to light in it is disturbed at night and is near the light in the first the dangs, south Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural place (Throne, 1961) and large percentage of the History Society 65(3): 800. Nair, V.P. (2001). Buerflies aracted to light at Aralam specimens collected at light were startled from their Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. Zoos’ Print Journal 16(12): 670. resng places in nearby trees or bushes by the collector Schowalter, T.D. (2006). Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem or some larger insects aracted towards light however Approach—2nd Edion. Academic Press Publicaons, USA, the occasional incidents were reported where specimens 574pp. were drawn from a considerable distance (Heitzman, Sharma, R.M. & N. Chaturvedi (2005). Addions to the light aracted buerflies. Journal of the Bombay Natural History 1965). Approaching the light source, many of buerflies Society 102(1): 129. tend to sele near the light (Donahue, loc.cit.; Soumyajit Sharma, R.M. & N. Chaturvedi (1999). Black Rajah Charaxes and Soren, loc. cit.). During present observaons it has fabius aracted to light at Tadoba Naonal Park. Journal of the been recorded that Lasiommata menava visit light Bombay Natural History Society 96(1): 168–169. source more frequently than Aglais caschmirensis Soumyajit, C. and R. Soren (2011). Light aracted buerflies: although in numbers during day it is less abundant than a review from the Indian sub-region with an inventory from West Bengal, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(6): 1868– the laer species. The day acvity of the former species 1871. has also been observed up to 04.00 pm. On the basis of Shull, E.M. (1964). Buerflies aracted to light in Gujarat State, present observaons it is suggested that Lasiommata India. Journal of the Lepidoperists’ Society 18(30): 159–163. menava may have crepuscular habit where as the Shull, E.M. & N.T. Nadkerny (1967). Insects aracted to aracon of Aglais caschmirensis to light source is mercury vapour lamp in the Surat Dangs, Gujarat State. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 64 (2): 256–266. perhaps due to disturbance factors. Further it has also Throne, A.L. (1961). Lycaenopsis pseudargiolus in light trap. been observed in the field that the species Lasiommata Journal of Lepidopterists’ Society 14: 242. menava come to light at about 07:30 pm and remain Usman, S. (1956). Some insects aracted to light—Part III. near the light source up to dawn me which further Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 53(3): 482–484.

Table 1. Species observed on 160 Watt mercury vapour lamp Species observed Season/ Number of examples observed Place Altitude

Lasiommata menava 20-24 May, 2010 (07 exs.); 06-10 Sep, 2011 (05 exs.) Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalatop-Khijjar, District 2375 m ASL Aglais caschmirensis 20-24 May, 2010 (01 ex.); 06-10 Sep, 2011(nil ex.) Chamba, Himachal Pradesh Lasiommata menava 19, July (03 exs) & 20, August, 2011(02 exs Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, district Shimla and Solan, 2000m ASL Himachal Pradesh Aglais caschmirensis 19, July (01 ex) & 20, August, 2011(02 exs)

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 18 Lasiommata menava observed during day time at Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary

Lasiommata menava attracted to light at night at Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 19 Aeva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Ypomomeud): A serious pest of Ailanthus excelsa in forest nurseries and plantaons of Rajasthan

Seema Kumar and Sanjay Paunikar1 Arid Forest Research Instute, Jodhpur -342 005, Rajasthan 1Forest Entomology Division, Tropical Forest Research Instute, Jabalpur 482021, M.P. Email- [email protected]; [email protected]

Ailanthus excelsa commonly, known as ardu is a have been studied by Verma (1991). On account of high deciduous fast growing tree widely distributed in India reproducve potenal and short life cycle it mulples to from moist to semi-arid regions with annual rainfall amazing numbers resulng in outbreaks. One such ranging from 500- 1900 mm. It is a strong light demander outbreak was first me recorded in October 1997 at the and avoids waterlogged areas or clayey soils with poor nursery of Arid Forest Research Instute, Jodhpur, which drainage. The tree aains a height of 18-25 m and girth resulted in complete defoliaon of ardu seedlings and 25 of 2.5 m and has a cylindrical bole. It coppices well and to 30% mortality. The outbreak was first me also produces root suckers. It grows well in associaon with recorded from November 1997 to February 1998 in 1-2 Babul, Neem, Khejri, Kair etc. In Rajasthan it is spread in year plantaon at AFRI, Jodhpur and 1 year plantaon at dry tracts of Banswara, Barmer, Jodhpur, Tiwari, Churu, Rohit, as well as very old roadside plantaons in and Sirohi and Mt. Abu. It is being adopted as a suitable around Jodhpur. It resulted into 5-10% mortality of 1-2 species for planng in dry areas of Rajasthan and also years old plants and complete defoliaon of old trees. In popularized under social forestry programmes. The tree the month of February the larvae feed on inflorescence is lopped for fodder and the leaves are rated as highly and seeds as well. palatable and rich in protein. The leaves are also used for preparing loons for scabies and bark is bier and has SYSTEMIC ACCOUNT medicinal value. It is used in diseases like dysentery, Class: Insecta bronchis, asthama, dyspepsia and earache. The bark is Order: Lepidoptera also ulized in indigenous veterinary pracces. Family: Yponomeudae Quassinoids and ailanc acid are isolated from bark Genus: Aeva (Anon., 1994). The wood is used for packing cases, fishing Species: fabriciella Swederus floats, sword sheath, match wood boxes and match Diagnosc features: Adult- Moth is medium size, length splints, toys and pulp for paper industry. 14-16 mm. elongated with a wingspan of about 20 mm. A number of insects are known to feed on Ailanthus Forewings are golden brown with white circular patches; (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954; Mishra & Pandey, 1966; hindwing orangish brown and membranous. Abdomen Chaerjee & Sen Sarma, 1968; Chaerjee et al., 1969; almost orangish brown with ventral surface having white Mathur et al., 1970; Misra, 1978; Varma, 1986, 1991). Of transverse spots. them Aeva fabricella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Larvae: Fih larval instar is 20-25 mm in length, greenish Yponomeudae) and Eligma narcissus indica Roth. grey with pale longitudinal stripes and scaered short (Lepidotpera: Noctuidae) are the major pests in India. hairs arising from small whish warts. The mature larvae Out of these two the major biological threats in raising secrete a loose cocoon and pupates. healthy Ailanthus excelsa seedlings in Rajasthan is Pupae: The pupae is slender, boat shaped, yellowish- Ailanthus webworm Aeva fabriciella Swederus brown to orangish-brown in colour. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeudae). This shoot webber has Distribuon: India: Maharashtra, West Bengal, Madhya been reported to cause economic losses in Maharashtra, Pradesh, Jaipur (Rajasthan), Uar Pradesh, Ahmedabad Madhya Pradesh, Uar Pradesh and Kerala (Verma, (Gujarat), Karnataka and Kerala. 1991). Basic informaon on the biology and morphology is provided by Fletcher (1914), Beeson (1941) and Food plants: Ailanthus excelsa, A. grandis Mathur (1957, 1961). More recently the external morphology and disnguishing characters of male and Nature of damage: The larvae of Aeva fabriciella feeds female pupae have been described by Singh and Sharma on the tender leaves and other so ssues of the plant. (1979). Invesgaon on the biology and ecology of this Connuous feeding by the larvae results in the formaon pest were carried out by Mishra and Pandey (1966) in of a web like mass in which the larvae gets trapped and Uar Pradesh and by Mathur et al., (1970) in Madhya connuous feeding. The number of larvae in a web varies Pradesh. Seasonal occurrence and possible, distribuon from 2-13. In the case of severe infestaon groups of paern and impact of A. fabriciella feeding on Ailanthus such webs are observed. In case of infestaon of old

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 20 trees the larvae also feeds on the inflorescence and the parasite Brachmeria nephanas (Hymenoptera : tender fruits entangling them in a web. Chalcidae) are the most prominent. Of the three Economic importance: It is a serious pest resulng in Brachymeria nephanasis is the most effecve in this complete defoliaon of young seedlings and plantaons. region. It also feeds on the inflorescence and seeds thereby inhibing seed formaon and healthy growth. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Director, Arid Forest Research Integrated control measures Instute, Jodhpur for encouragement and providing necessary 1. Monocultures should be avoided as it leads to facilies. populaon build up and results in outbreaks. References 2. Occasional pruning especially when the pest Anonymous (1994). Ailanthus excelsa-Ardu. ICFRE Technical populaon is on the increase in old trees. These pruned Bullen. Published by ICFRE, Dehradun. leaves can be used as fodder for cale. Bhasin, G.D. & Roonwal, M.L. (1954). A list of insect pests of 3. Spraying of monocrotophos 36 WSC-2 ml/litres. forest plants in India and the adjacent countries (arranged Chloropyriphos 20 EC 2.5 ml/lit and Fenvalerate 20 EC alphabecally according to genera and species for the use of 1ml/litre at the interval of 15 days thrice has given forest officers) Part II. List of insect pests of plant genera (A). Indian For. Bull. (New ser.) 17(1): 42- 43. effecve control of pest in nurseries and young Beeson, C.F.C. (1941). The Ecology and control of forest insects plantaons. of India and the adjacent countries. Government of India, 767 4. A number of natural enemies including two species of pp. larval flies viz; Besa remota and Carcelia sp (Diptera: Chaerjee, P.N. & Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1968). Important current Tachinidae) (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954); one species of problems of forest entomology in India. Indian Forester, 94: pupa; chalcid viz, Brachymeria hime aevae 112-117. Chaerjee, P.N. Singh, P. & Misra, R.M. (1969). Studies on the (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954 and biology, ecology, life history and parasite complex of Ailanthus Beeson, 1941) and two species of larval nematodes viz. defoliator, Eligma narcissus (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) together Merimis sp. (Chaerjee & Sen Sarma, 1968) and with morphology of adult and immature stages. Indian Forester, Hexamithidae sp (Nematoda : Mermithidae) (Beeson, 95: 541- 550. 1941) . Besides parasites five species of insect predators Fletcher (1914). Some South Indian insects and other animals of importance. Supdt. Govt. Press, Madras, pp. 461-463. viz. Parena nigrolineata (Coleptera: Carabidae), Crebator Jamaluddin, Sima Shahara, Meshram, P.B. & Dadwal, V.S. umana and Hesasula branneriana (Orthoptera: (1987). A note on parasism of Aspergillus flavus on Ailanthus Mandae) (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954) and Eoanthecona web worm. Indian Forester, 113 (10): 707-708. furcillata (Chaerjee, et al., 1969) and Panthous Mathur, R.N. (1957). Pests of Ailanthus excelsa and their bimaculatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Fletcher, 1914) control. Brit. Commonwealth For. Cong. Agenda items No. 8 which feeds on larvae and two species of birds viz. Protecon (III). Forest Control 12 pp. Mathur, R.N. (1961). Important problems in Forest Entomology Dierrus adsimillis and Oriolus xanthonus (Chaerjee et in India XI Inte Cong. Ent. Vienna, pp. 227-283. al., 1969) and three species of fungi Beaveria bassiana Mathur, R.N.; Chaerjee, P.N. & Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1970). (Jamaluddin et al., 1987), Paecilomyces farnosus Biology, ecology and control of Ailanthus defoliator, A (Mathur, 1957) are reported to feed on larvae of Aeva fabriciella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Ypnomeudae) in Madhya fabriciella. In Rajasthan two larval parasites Bessa remota Pradesh. Indian Forester 96: 538-552. Misra, R.M. (1973). Fruit generaon in the life-history of Aeva and Carcelia sp., (Diptera: Tachinidae) and one pupal fabriciella Swed. Indian Forester, 104: 133.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 21 Checklist for Planktonic Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) living in Velacherry Lake, Chennai, India

K. Rajabunizal and R. Ramanibai Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract Materials and Methods The checklist of the planktonic assemblage in Velacherry The study area Lake, Chennai, India was invesgated from January 2010 to Lake Velacherry is one of the prime lakes situated in the December 2010. A total number of 46 species of protozoan urbanized area of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil ciliates come under 28 genera, 26 families and 10 orders were 0 0 recorded. The order Peritrichida with 5 families was recorded Nadu. Lake is located at 12 59’15” latude and 80 30’ with maximum number of 21 species. The minimum number of 45” longitude. It is a shallow water body with a surface species (1 sp.) was recorded in the orders like Pleurostomada, area of 265.48 acres and a maximum depth of 3.8 m (Fig. Nassulida and Cyrtophorida. The aim of this study is to give a 1). report on protozoan ciliates in a freshwater body Velacherry lake. All the 46 species are reported for the first me from the Monthly samplings were carried out in four sampling state of Tamil Nadu in India. sites in the lake from January to December 2010. Introducon Samples were obtained through horizontal hauls at the Planktonic ciliates provide an important intermediate link subsurface in the pelagic region for 5 minutes using the between primary producers (algae and bacteria) and conical plankton net (20 cm diameter, 65 μm mesh). In higher trophic levels (metazooplankton and fishes) in order to determine the density of ciliates, samples were freshwater ecosystems (Zingell et al. 2007). Ciliates are fixed with Lugol’s soluon (1% v/v) and allowed to sele the major and the most conspicuous group of eukaryoc for at least 24h in plankton chambers. For quantave unicelluar organisms (Corliss, 1979) that occur in analysis organisms were idenfied using a Sedgwick- different kinds of environments. Ciliates graze on Raer chamber and counted using a Nikon stereoscope autotrophic and heterotrophic pico and nanoplankton binocular microscope at a magnificaon of 400-1000x. and funconing as prey for larger zooplankton, contribute to the remineralizaon and cycling of Results nutrients (Blomqvist et al. 2001; Ventela et al. 2002). Phylum: CILIOPHORA Doflein They play a vital role in the indicaon of polluon degree Subphylum: POSTCILIODESMATOPHORA Gerassimova & in lakes (Sonntag et al. 2002). Studies of the biodiversity Seravin and different ecological aspects of planktonic Class: PROSTOMATEA Schewiakoff communies in the Upper Parana River floodplain were Order: Prostomada Schewiakoff reported by Lansac-Toha et al. (2009). The record of Family: Colepidae Ehrenberg Ciliophora known from India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka Genus: Coleps Nitzsch included 274 species belonging to 101 genera (Bhaa, Coleps hirtus Muller 1935). In India Ghosh (1918 - 1929) published a series of papers reporng 29 species of free living ciliates and one Family: Prorodondae Kent species of testacid rhizopod from Kolkata and its nearby Genus: Prorodon Ehrenberg localies. Bindu (2008) recorded 248 species of free living Prorodon teres Ehrenberg protozoans from West Bengal. Shaikh et al. (2012) recorded 7 species of protozoan ciliates from Salim Ali Class: LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn Lake, Aurangabad, India. Order: Haptorida Corliss Family: Trachelophyllidae Kent Although living in different habitats and having great Genus: Enchelyodon Claparède & Lachmann importance in carbon cycle, protozoan ciliates are not Enchelyodon elegans Kahl studied in Velacherry Lake Chennai, India. The aim of this study is to give a report on protozoan ciliates in a Family: Tracheliidae Ehrenberg freshwater body Velacherry lake Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Genus: Dileptus Dujardin This is the first list for Velacherry-Indian Ciliate Fauna Dileptus anser Muller that takes into consideraon for the classificaon according to Lynn (2003). Family: Lacrymariidae de Fromentel Genus: Lacrymaria Bory de St. Vincent Lacrymaria olor Muller

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 22 Class: LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn Stentor polymorphus Ehrenberg Order: Pleurostomada Schewiakoff Stentor roeseli Ehrenberg Family: Litonodae Kent Genus: Litonotus Wresniowski Class: OLIGOHYMENOPHORA de Puytorac et al. Litonotus cygnus Muller Order: Peritrichida Stein Incertae sedis Family: Vorcellidae Ehrenberg Genus: Carchesium Ehrenberg Class: NASSOPHOREA Small & Lynn Carchesium polypinum Linnaeus Order: Nassulida Jankowski Family: Nassulidae de Fromentel Family: Vaginicolidae de Fromentel Genus: Nassula Ehrenberg Genus: Cothurnia Ehrenberg Nassula citrea Kahl Cothurnia annulata Stokes Cothurnia compressa Claparede & Lachmann Class: de Puytorac et al. Order: Hymenostomada Delage & Hérouard Family: Epistylididae Kahl Family: Turaniellidae Didier Genus: Epistylis Ehrenberg Genus: Colpidium Stein Epistylis niagarae Kellico Colpidium colpoda Ehrenberg Epistylis plicalis Ehrenberg

Family: Loxocephalidae Jankowski Family: Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet Genus: Dexiotricha Stokes Genus: Opercularia Goldfuss Dexiotricha granulosa Kent Opercularia arculata Ehrenberg

Family: Parameciidae Dujardin Family: Vaginicolidae de Fromentel Genus: Müller Genus: Thuricola Kent Ehrenberg Thuricola folliculata Muller Ehrenberg Family: Vorcellidae Ehrenberg Class: OLIGOTRICHEA Bütschli Genus: Vorcella Linnaeus Order: Oligotrichida Vorcella citrina Muller Family: Halteriidae Claparède & Lachmann Vorcella communis Fromentel Genus: Halteria Dujardin Vorcella companula Ehrenberg Halteria grandinella Muller Vorcella convallaria Linnaeus Vorcella globosa Ghosh Family: Strombidiidae Fauré-Fremiet Vorcella infusionum Dujardin Genus: Strombidium Claparède & Lachmann Vorcella lafunda Nenninger Strombidium conicum Lohmann Vorcella microstoma Ehrenberg Vorcella natans Faure-Fremiet Class: HETEROTRICHEA Stein Vorcella striata Dujardin Order: Heterotrichida Stein Family: Folliculinidae Dons Family: Zoothamniidae Sommer Genus: Folliculina Lamarck Genus: Zoothamniun Bory de St. Vincent Folliculina simplex Dons Zoothamnium arbuscula Ehrenberg Zoothamnium dichotomum Wright-Kent Family: Condylostomadae Kahl Zoothamnium niveum Ehrenberg Genus: Condylostoma Bory de St. Vincent Zoothamnium simplex Kent Condylostoma vorcella Ehrenberg Family: Spirostomidae Stein Class POLYHYMENOPHORA Jankowski Genus: Spirostomum Ehrenberg Order: Hypotrichida Stein Spirostomum ambiguum Muller Family: Euplodae Ehrenberg Genus: Euplotes Ehrenberg Family: Stentoridae Carus Euplotes patella Ehrenberg Genus: Stentor Oken Stentor coeruleus Ehrenberg Family: Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg Stentor mulleri Ehrenberg Genus: Stylonychia Ehrenberg

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 23 Stylonchia mylus Muller future researchers to culvate in the area of polluon and environmental biomonitoring. Family: Aspidiscidae Ehrenberg Genus: Aspidisca Ehrenberg References Aspidisca costata Dujardin Bhaa, B. L. (1935). Gaps in Our Knowledge of the Indian Protozoa. I. – Ciliophora. Current Science. p. 13- 16. Family: Urostylidae Bütschli Bindu, L. (2008). Distribuon of Protozoa in wetlands of West Bengal, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Genus: Uroleptus Ehrenberg Calcua. Uroleptus caudatus Stokes Blomqvist, P, M. Jansson, A.K. Drakare, M. Bergstrım & A. Brydsten (2001). Effects of addions of DOC on pelagic biota in Class: PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al. Clearwater systems: Results from a whole lake experiment in Order: Cyrtophorida Faure-Fremiet northern Sweden. Microbial Ecology. 42: 383-394. Corliss, J. O. (1979). The ciliated protozoa. Characterizaon, Family: Chilodonellidae Deroux classificaon and guide to the literature. New York, Toronto, Genus Chilodonella Strand Sidney, Paris: Oxford. 455 pp. Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg Foissner, W. & H. Berger (1996). A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by A total number of 46 species of protozoan ciliates come hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes and waste under 28 genera, 26 families and 10 orders were waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology. 35: 375-470. recorded from Velachery Lake Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ghosh, E. (1918). Studies on Infusoria, Records of the Indian (Table 1). The order Peritrichida with 5 families was Museum. Calcua, 15 : 129-134. recorded with maximum number of 21 species. The Ghosh, E. (1919). Studies on Infusoria II. On two new species of minimum number of species (1 sp.) was recorded in the Holophrya Ehrenberg, Records of the Indian Museum. Calcua, orders like Pleurostomada, Nassulida and Cyrtophorida 16 : 41-43. Ghosh, E. (1920). Infusoria from Bengal, Report Sci. (Table 2). The highest species diversity was noted in the Convenon Indian Ass. Cult. Sci., for 1918, Calcua : 144-149. genera vorcella (10 sp.), zoothamnium (4 sp.) and Ghosh, E. (1921). New hypotrichous Infusoria from Calcua, Stentor (4 sp.). The percentage of total numbers for the Journal of Royal Microscopical Society. London : 248-250. order Peritrichida was 45.7% and the order Ghosh, E. (1928). Two new ciliates from sewer water, Journal Heterotrichida was 15.2% (Table 2). of Royal Microscopical Society. London: 382-384. Ghosh, E. (1929). Two new suctoria from sewer water, Journal of Royal Microscopical Society. London : 222-223. Discussion Lansac-Tôha, F.A, C.C. Bonecker, L.F.M. Velho, N.R. Simões, In our study the order Cyrtophorida includes only one J.D. Dias, G.M. Alves & E.M. Takahashi. (2009). Biodiversity of species namely Chilodonella uncinata. The same result zooplankton communies in the Upper Parana River floodplain: was noted in the studies (Foissner & Berger 1996; Pérez- interannual variaon from longterm studies. Revista Brasileira Uz et al. 1998 and Mieczan 2005; 2009). The planktonic de Biologia = Brazilian Journal of Biology, vol. 69, no. (2 suppl), p. 661-668. ciliate communies that were noted in Velacherry Lake Lynn, D. H. (2003). Home page. The Ciliate resource archive, were also observed in the shallow lakes of France, (19 Agst.). Packroff 1992; Mieczan 2007). Ciliates play a vital role in Mieczan, T. (2005). Periphyc ciliates in lioral zone of three the indicaon of polluon degree in lakes. Unfortunately, lakes of different trophic status. Pol. Journal of Ecology. 53: prosts were oen neglected in studies dealing with 105-111. Mieczan, T. (2007). Comparave study of periphyc ciliate anthropogenic impacts on diverse ecosystems. Especially communies colonizaon and succession on natural and for planktonic ciliates, high standards in terms of arficial substrata in two shallow lakes (eastern Poland). Ann. methods, user-friendly literature and supplementary Limnol. Int. Journal of Limnology. 3: 179-186. ecological data were sparse. Although researchers have Mieczan, T. (2009). Ciliates in Sphagnum peatlands: vercal recorded the protozoan ciliates from different lakes in micro-distribuon, and relaonships of species assemblages with environmental parameters. Zoological Studies. 48: 33-48. India, purposeful and thorough surveys were not so far Packroff, G. (1992). Faunisc studies on ciliates of three Eifel done in spite of the importance of these organisms as maar lakes. Archives of Hydrobiology. 38: 209-221. bio-indicators for polluon and environmental bio- Pérez-Uz, B, C. Franco, M. Marn-Cereceda, L. Arregui, I. monitoring of water bodies. It is well known that species Compos & S. Serrano. (1998). Biofilm characterizaon of of freshwater and soil protozoa are cosmopolitan. This is several wastewater treatment plants with rotang biological the first list for Protozoan Ciliate Fauna in Velacherry contactors in Madrid (Spain). Water Science and Technology. 5: 215-218. Lake, Chennai that takes into consideraon for the Shaikh, J. D, T.T. Shaikh, U.P. Kamble, T.J. Jadhav & M. classificaon according to Lynn (2003). The study of Kazim. (2012). Studies on some free living protozoan from Protozoa – Ciliophora is sll a vast and promising field for Salim Ali lake. Aurangabad. Internaonal Muldisciplinary Research Journal. 2(6):27-29.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 24 Sime-Ngando, T. & C. A. Groliere. (1991). Effets quantafs Ventela, M.A, K. Wišckowski, M. Moilanen, V. Saarikari & K. des fixateurs sur la observaon des ciliés planctoniques ďeau Vuorio. (2002). The effect of small zooplankton on the douce. Archiv fur Prostenkunde. 140: 109-120. microbial loop and edible algae during a cyanobacterial Sonntag, B, T. Posch, Ch. Griebler & R. Psenner. (2002). bloom. Freshwater Biology. 47: 1807-1819. Protozooplankton in the deep oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Zingel, P, H. Agasild, T. Noges & V. Kisand (2007). Ciliates are influenced by discharges of sonda and salt industries. Water Air the dominant grazers on pico- and nanoplankton in a shallow, and Soil Polluon: Focus. 2: 211-226. naturally highly eutrophic lake. Microbial Ecology. 53: 134 -142.

Satellite picture of Velacherry Lake, Chennai

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Figures: 1. Aspidisca costata 2. Carchesium polypinum 3. Coleps hirtus 4. Dileptus anser 5. Euplotes patella 6. Epistylis plicatilis 7. Epistylis niagarae 8. Paramecium caudatum 9. Stentor coeruleus 10. Uroleptus caudatus 11. Stylonchia mytilus 12. Stentor polymorphus

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 25 SEM Studies on Radula of the Spider Conch Lambis lambis (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Strombidae)

Baskara Sanjeevi1, K. Kesavan2, M. Gayathri1, N. Santhiya1 and M. Dhanalakshmi1 1PG and Research Department Of Zoology Govt Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001 Tamil Nadu, India 2 CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University Parangipeai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract comparave morphology of radula of 17 species of The radula has been recognized as an important morphological Chicoreus with SEM. Kool (1993) worked on radular criterion for the taxonomic allocaon of species. The scanning structure of Rapana rapiformis. Electron microscope (SEM) is one of the powerful tool in the studies of radula. In the present study the structural morphology of Lambis lambis radula were photographed on a Materials and Methods scanning Electron microscope. The radula of L. lambis is Samples of the snails were collected from Mandapam typically of taenioglossate type with one median tooth flanked coastal waters of the Gulf of Mannar for the radular by one pair of lateral tooth and two pairs of marginals on each study. Specimens of Lambis lambis measuring total side (7 teeth per row). The lateral tooth is hook-shaped and length of 15.2 -17.8 cm were collected. The outer hard curved inwards towards the central tooth. In taenioglossan shells were broken without any damage to the so parts. snails, the radular formula is 2+1+1+1+2. The length of the radular ribbon measured 1.8 cm in L. lambis. The radula The anterior poron of the proboscis was excised, the consists of seven teeth in each row, but each of these teeth has radula with adjoining ssues were removed from the a disncve shape and a specific number of ny cusps on proboscis and boiled with alkaline iodide soluon unl edges. The tooth in the centre is called center teeth or the dissoluon of all the muscle fibres aached to the rachidian (R) teeth. Beyond each lateral, there is an inner radulae. The radula thus obtained was then dehydrated marginal and outer marginal. It is obviously observed in the radula of herbivorous animals. by immersing in increasing concentraon of alcohol (50, 70, 90 and 100%). The dehydrated radulae were Keywords: Gastropod, Radula, Taenioglossan, Strombidae, prepared with coang for making them suitable for SEM Lambis lambis, SEM. observaon.

Introducon Principally coang the radula consists of placing the Radula is the toothed chinous ribbon in the mouth of specimen in a vaccum evaporator, pumping the chamber gastropods, which is useful to graze and scrape off down to a vaccum level equivalent to that in the SEM diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces specimen chamber and heang the conducve metal and other substrata. In general the radula is (gold) to the point that it vapourizes. A small part of the characterisc feature to all molluscs, except the bivalves, cloud of metallic vapour hits and scks to the surface of which feed by siphoning and filtering small parcles from the object to provide a thin metallic coang over it. water. The number, shape, and specialized arrangement Connuous ltaon and rotaon of the specimen of teeth in each transverse row are consistent on a facilitated the metallic vapour to cover all the sides of the radula, and the different paerns can be used as a specimen. Then the specimens were mounted in SEM diagnosc characterisc to idenfy the species in many stub and the observaons were made with different cases. Each row of radula teeth consists of one central magnificaons for making electron micrographs by using tooth (or rachis tooth), on each side one or more lateral JEOL JSM 35 CF Scanning Electron Microscope. teeth, and then one or more marginal teeth. This arrangement of the teeth is expressed in a teeth formula, Results with the following abbreviaons: R: designates the The radula of Lambis lambis is present in the buccal mass central tooth or the rachis tooth (in case of lack of central at the distal end of the long cylindrical muscular tooth: the zero sign 0). The lateral teeth on each side are proboscis which is an extension of the head. The buccal expressed by a specific number or D, in case the outer armature consists of a pair of laterally-placed chinous lateral tooth is dominant. The marginal teeth are jaws and an odontophore. The radula is placed over the designated by a specific number. Studies on the dorsal surface of tongue-like protuberance from the floor structure and funcons of molluscan radula were carried of the buccal cavity. The odontophore is covered with out by many workers. Hourat (1992) observed the cucle to which the radula is fused and contained a

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 26 number of skeletal structures called carlages. These According to Freer and Graham (1962), the median or provide surfaces for the origin and inseron of a complex central teeth of taenioglossate radula helps in collecng array of muscles involved in the feeding process. The the food, while the pleurocuspid marginal and laterals whole structure is known as the buccal mass. have more area for collecng parcles by their splaying acon (Steneck and Walng, 1982). Rosewater (1980) The radula of L. lambis is present in the buccal mass at stated that in Liorina sp., taenioglossate radular type the distal end of the long cylindrical muscular proboscis, may be adapted for feeding on the algal flora of which is an extension of the head. The buccal armature mangroves, driwood and marsh grass. In Lambis spp. consists of a pair of laterally placed chinous jaws and there is a close relaonship between the radular ribbon the odontophore is covered with cucle to which the and dental conformaon. Similar observaon was made radula is fused and contains a number of skeletal in four other genera of the strombidae namely Lambis, structures called carlages. These provide surfaces for Rostellaria, Tibia and Terebellum. The rachidian teeth are the origin and inseron of a complex array of muscles pointed sharply with hooked marginal teeth, which are involved in the feeding process. The radula runs dorsally broad basally, and pointed distally in this species. The over the buccal mass, but posteriorly it plunges down present study reveals that L. lambis has a generalized and the radular sac curves back dorsally, thus forming an taenioglossate type of radula. ‘S’ curve. The radula is very small and delicate in large animals. In L. lambis, the radula is typically of Stella (1995) reported that muricid Chicoreus virgeneus taenioglossate type with one median tooth flanked by had also tricuspid rachidian teeth. Raghunathan (1996) one pair of lateral tooth and two pairs of marginals on observed unique cuspid rachidian tooth in Murex each side (7 teeth per row). The lateral tooth is hook- tribulus. This type of unique cuspid rachidian tooth was shaped and curved inwards towards the central tooth. In also observed in Urosalphinx cinerea by Carriker (1969). taenioglossan snails, the radular formula is 2+1+1+1+2. The length of the radula in C. virgeneus was 1.8cm and in The length of the radular ribbon measured 1.8 cm in L. M. trapa was 1.5cm (Raghunathan, 1996). In Xancus lambis. The radula consists of seven teeth in each row, pyrum the length was 1.5cm (Venmathimaran, 2000), but each of these teeth has a disncve shape and a 1.5cm in Babylonia spirata (Thilaga, 2005).The length of specific number of ny cusps on edges. The tooth in the the radular ribbon measured 18mm in S. canarium centre is called center teeth or rachidian (R) teeth. (Arularasan, 2010). According to Guralnick & De Beyond each lateral, there is an inner marginal and outer Maintenon (1997) not only the radula type or diet will marginal. Central tooth has strong median cusp, have influence in the morphological characteriscs of marginals, falciform slender, edge more or less each individual from each species. There are others denculate. It is obviously observed in the radula of influences such as the prey capture strategies and the herbivorous animals. The marginal teeth are unicuspid food processing mechanism and how the whole radula and bent posteriorly. The radular teeth are sharply teeth are used and the me taken to they being pointed and sickle-shaped with the basal part aached to reconstructed, the environment pressures, phenotypic the radular membrane. Marginal teeth are longer than plascity and food compeon and the species rachidian tooth and their bases are broader (Plate.1). ontogeny.

Discussion References SEM observaons on the radula of L. lambis elucidated Arularasan, S., 2010. Studies on Eco-biology of the dog conch various morphological features. The comparison of the Strombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: radular morphology with the feeding habits and feed Prosobranchia: Strombidae) from the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, South east coast of India. Ph.D. Thesis, preference of strombid species presumably showed Annamalai University, India. p. 180. correlaons, which reflect the fundamental role of Carriker, M.R., 1969. Excavaon of boreholes by the gastropod radula. The radula of this species is proved to be typical Urosalpinx: An analysis by light and scanning electron taenioglossate type showing the radular formula of microscopy. Amer. Zoologist, 1: 263-266. 2+1+1+1+2. In general, the radular ribbon is longer in Freer, V. and A. Graham, 1962. Brish prosobranch molluscs: Their funconal anatomy and ecology. Ray Society, London. p. Lambis species. The radular ribbon length is longer in the 755. present species. Similar observaon was made by Guralnick, R. and M. J. De Maintenon., 1997. Formaon and Isarankura and Runham (1968) in gastropods. He also homology of radular teeth: a case study using columbellid reported that the radular replacement was more and the gastropods (Neogastropoda: Columbellidae). J. Moll. Stud., reducon in size of radular teeth had correlaon with its 63:65-77. food and feeding habits. A long radula is favoured where Houart, R., 1992. Descripon of a new species of Chicoreus (s.s) (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Kalimantan (Borneo). APEX, 7(1): wear and tear is extensive and it is shorter where its 27-30. usage is less (Freer and Graham, 1962).

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 27 Isarankura, K. and N.W. Runham, 1968. Studies on the Steneck, R.S. and L. Watling, 1982. Feeding capabilies and replacement of the gastropod radula. Malacologia, 7(1): 71-91. limitaon of herbivorous molluscs: Funconal group approach. Kool, S. P., 1993.Phylogenec analysis of the Rapaninae Mar. Biol., 68: 299-319. (Neogastropoda: Muricidae). Malacologia, 35(2):155-259. Thilaga, R.D., 2005. Studies on some ecological aspects of Raghunathan, C., 1996. Studies on the physiology of feeding Babylonia spirata (Linn) along the Tucorin coast. Ph.D. Thesis. behaviour of Muricids Murex tribulus and Chicoreus virgineus Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India. p. 244. (Neogastropoda: Prosobranchia): An analysis. Ph.D. Thesis, Venmathimaran, B.A., 2000. Studies on the larval Annamalai University, India. p. 92. development, mass culture and sea farming of Xancus pyrum (L, Rosewater, J., 1980. A close look at Liorina radulae. Bull. Am. 1767) (Gastropoda: Vasidae) in Gulf of Mannar Marine Malacol. Union, 5-8. Biosphere Reserve and Palk Bay, Southeast coast of India. PhD Stella, C., 1995. Studies on the taxonomy and eco-biology of Thesis, Annamalai University, 115pp. Chicoreus species (Class: Gastropoda: Family: Muricidae) from Parangipeai waters, southeast coast of India. Ph.D. Thesis, Annamalai University, India. 195p.

Plate 1: SEM Images showing the Radular teeth of L. lambis

!A B

! LT#

! RT#

LC - Lateral cusp LT- Lateral teeth C D RT-Rachidian teeth

! LC#

!

! LT# RT#

! LT#

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 28 Record of a new host plant of Phygasia silacea Illiger (Coeloptera: Chrysomelidae: Alcinae) from India

Aisha Sultana* and Mohammad Shah Hussain Aravalli Biodiversity Park, Biodiversity Parks Programme, Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems, School of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected], mshahhussain@rediffmail.com

The Alcinae (Chrysomelidae) includes 4,000 to 8,000 behavioural and physiological adaptaons (Bernays and species of beetles, which are distributed mostly in Chapman 1994), which make them devastang pests of tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia agricultural crops among the phytophagous beetles (Konstannov and Vandenberg 1996; Sanago-Blay (Sexson and Wyman 2005). They produce small, ny 2004) and about 376 species have been recorded from round holes while feeding on the host plants (Gok et al. India (Doeberl 2003). They are characterised by the 2004). It is believed that predicons of changing weather oblong body, colour shining brown, head with vertex can also be made by observing seasonal changes in the impunctate, frontal elevaons and interantennal carina populaons of leaf beetles (Kalaichelvan 2000). well developed. Antenna extending to the middle of the elytra. Prothorax broader than long, sides rounded, Acknowledgments: margins channelled, the transverse ante-basal furrow We are grateful to Dr. Jan Bezdek, Czech Republic and Dr. M. shallow, not reaching the sides, Scutellum triangular, Doberl, Germany for idenfying the species. Prof. K. D. with apex rounded. Underside thinly covered with fine Prathapan, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram and Dr. V. V. Ramamurthy, IARI, Delhi are acknowledged for hairs (Maulik 1926). The genus of Phygasia Baly, 1965 providing useful informaon about the species. (flea beetle) is known to feed on Periploca sp. Mataplexis japonica, Makino and Cynanchum macranthum, Nakai, References Morus sp., (Ge et al. 2008) and many other plants in Bernays, E.A. and R.F. Chapman (1994). Host-plant selecon by adult stages. Their larvae live in the soil and feed on the phytophagous insects. Chapman and Hall, London. roots and their adults feed on leaves, stems and roots Doeberl, M. (2003). Alciniae from India and Pakistan stored in (Ge et al. 2008; Konstannov and Vandenberg, 1996). the collecon of the Texas A. & M. University, U.S.A. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Bonner zoologische Beitrage 51(4): 297-304. Phygasia silacea (Illiger 1807) was observed feeding on Gok, A., E. G. Cilbiroglu and Y. Ayvaz (2004). New records of Asclepias currasavica (milkweed family) and idenfied as flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Turkey. a host plant in the Conservatory of Buerflies in Phytoparasica 32(4): 360-362. developing Aravalli Biodiversity Park (77°07'52" & Kalaichelvan, T. (2000). Deficient rainfall this year claims th 77°10'49" E and 28°32'27" & 28°34'25" N) located on the biologists. Hitawada, City Line: 15 May, 2000. Kalaichelvan, T. and K. K. Verma (2005). Checklist of leaf South Central Ridge in Delhi. The leaves of the plant were beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Bhilai- Durg. Zoo’s Print observed gnawed. Beetles were collected live and kept Journal 20(4): 1838-1842. under observaon in the laboratory for confirmaon of Konstannov, A.S. and N.J. Vanderberg (1996). Handbook of the host plant associaon. This is the first confirmed Palearcc Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alcinae). record of this species in Delhi feeding on the Asclepias Contribuons to Entomology 1: 237-439. Maulik, S. (1926). Coleoptera. The fauna of Brish India currasavica. Phygasia silacea was repeatedly observed in including Ceylon and Burma (ed. Shipley, A. E. & H. Sco), August 2009 and 2010. It did not appear in 2011 when Taylor & Francis, London, 443pp. ash of Azadiracta indica leaves was applied on the Sanago-Blay, J.A. (2004). Leaf mining chrysomelids. In Jolivet Asclepias plants. p., Sanago-Blay, J.A. & M. Schmi (eds.): New developments on the Biology of Chrysomelidae. SPB Academic Publishing, The Host plants of Phygasia sp. have been poorly known and Hague, 305-306. Sexson, D.L. and J.A. Wyman (2005). Effect of crop rotaon not well collected and studied. Otherwise they are distance on populaons of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: known to feed on Calotropis procera, C. gigianca, Chrysomelidae): development of area wide Colorado potato Daemia extensa (Kalaichelvan and Verma 2005). Their beetle pest management strategies. Journal of Economic plant feeding habits are associated with fascinang Entomology 98: 716-724.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 29 Image 1: Phygasia silacea on Asclepias currasavica plant in Aravalli Biodiversity Park, New Delhi, India. © Aisha Sultana

Image 2: Phygasia silacea. © Aisha Sultana

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 30 Scoliid fauna (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Chhasgarh

P. Girish Kumar and Gaurav Sharma Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal- 700 053, India. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract: Four genera and six species of wasps belonging to the The larvae of scoliid wasps are ectoparasitoides on white family Scoliidae are reported from Chhasgarh of which three grubs (usually Scarabaeoidea ). The locaon genera and five species are new records for Chhasgarh. selected for burrowing is always found to be above the Keywords: Campsomeriella, Chhasgarh, Colpacampsomeris, host larvae and is traced mainly with the help of sense Hymenoptera, Insecta, Megascolia, Scolia, Scoliidae. organs. The female dig into soil where they paralyses coleopterous larvae and deposit an egg transversely. An The family Scoliidae belongs to the Superfamily egg is laid on the abdominal venter anteriorly. The wasp Vespoidea of the order Hymenoptera. It is a group of egg hatches in about three days and consumes the host most primive solitary aculeate wasps. They are larvae in about a week. Then it spins a tough cocoon commonly known as hairy wasps. Adults are stout from which the adult wasp emerges in an average period bodied, densely hairy, oen predominantly black, of 5 weeks (Gupta & Jonathan, 2003). Because of their commonly marked with yellow or red and extensively parasic habits, it is possible to exploit some of these modified for fossorial habit. Their wings are usually dark wasps for biological control of insect pests. with metallic reflecons. The vesture (hairs) varies from enrely black or black mixed with white to enrely The family Scoliidae is comparavely a small family and golden or reddish. Size may vary in length from 5 mm to the knowledge of Scoliid fauna of Chhasgarh is very 36 mm, rarely up to 50 mm. They are usually very fast scanty and fragmentary. Only one species namely Scolia moving wasps, oen seen in a weaving flight close to the (Discolia) affinis Guerin is reported so far from the state ground or around the foliage. Males and females differ in (Gupta & Jonathan, 2003). So in this paper, in addion to number of antennal segments and oen in colour this 1 genus with 1 species, 3 genus and 5 more species paern. They have the biological characteriscs of the are reported as new records from Chhasgarh. more primive parasic Hymenoptera, and the morphological characteriscs of the more advanced Material and methods “snging wasps”. The systemac account on the scoliid fauna of Chhasgarh is given below based on the collecons from The members of this family are disnguished from other different localies of the state as well as on the data wasps by the following combinaon of characters: having from the published literatures. triparte propodeum (Fig. 1), wing membrane beyond the cells closely striolate (Fig. 2) and the meso and the Gupta & Jonathan (2003) along with the taxonomic keys metasternum form a flat plate overlying the bases of the for the idenficaon of scoliid wasps of Indian subregion middle and hind coxa (Fig. 3). also provided the detailed synonymical references and descripons of each species. So in the present study, the They are cosmopolitan in distribuon but predominantly keys for the idenficaon of various taxa recorded from found in tropical countries, consists of about 560 species, Chhasgarh state and the detailed synonymical 220 subspecies distributed among 43 genera, 28 references of the species are not provided. subgenera in two subfamilies viz., Proscoliinae and Scoliinae (Osten, 2005). The subfamily Proscoliinae is All the specimens studied in this paper are properly represented by a single genus Proscolia Rasnitsyn, registered and added to the ‘Naonal Zoological endemic to Armenia and Greece. The subfamily Scoliinae Collecons of the Hymenoptera Secon, Zoological is divided into two tribes, viz., Campsomerini and Scoliini. Survey of India, Kolkata (NZSI). The members of these two tribes are distributed throughout the World. Seventy nine species under 14 The following abbreviaons used in the text for the genera have been reported from India ll date (Gupta & Museums: MNNH = Muséum Naonal d’Histoire Jonathan, 2003; Girish Kumar & Kazmi, 2008; Girish Naturelle, Paris, France; NZSI = Naonal Zoological Kumar, 2009a, 2009b, 2011; Schulten et al, 2011). Collecons, Zoological survey of India, Kolkata, India; ZMHU = Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 31 Universität, Berlin, Germany; ZMUC = Zoological Museum Genus Campsomeriella Betrem of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Subgenus Campsomeriella Betrem Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) collaris collaris Systemac Account (Fabricius) (Image 3) Family: Scoliidae Tiphia collaris Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent.: 354; Female, Subfamily: Scoliinae India: coast of Malabar (ZMUC). Tribe Campsomerini Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) collaris collaris Genus Colpacampsomeris Betrem (Fabricius): Betrem, 1967, Ent. Ber., Amst., 27: 29. Colpacampsomeris indica indica (de Saussure) Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Surguja district, (Image 1 & 2) Ambikapur, 23°07ʹ12.36ˮN 83°12ʹ00.47ˮE, Alt. 598 m, Scolia (Lacosi) indica Saussure, 1855, Mem. Soc. Phys. 1♀, 16.viii.2011, Coll. Angshuman & Party, NZSI Regd. Hist. nat. Geneve, 14: 46, fig., 10, Female, “Indes No. 13828/H3. Orientales” (Lectotype in MNNH). Diagnosis: Female: Length 19 mm. Integument black; Colpacampsomeris indica indica (Saussure): Betrem in vesture black, except clypeus and front usually with Bradley, 1974, Revue. Suisse. Zool., 81: 445 intermixed cinereous setae, occiput and scapula with (Colpacampsomeris raised to generic status, Female dense erect and mesoscutum with decumbent white lectotype designated by Bradley). setae. Wings dark brown with deep blue reflecons. Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Raipur district, Clypeus impunctate in the middle; upper front and vertex ♀ Hardi, 21°23ʹ27.53ˮN 81°35ʹ00.43ˮE, Alt. 276 m, 1 , impunctate except for a few scaered punctures; upper 8.xi.2011, Coll. Anil & Party, NZSI Regd. No. 13824/H3; plate of metapleuron impunctate except for a few fine, Mahasamund district, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, scaered punctures along upper margin; longer spur of Balamdehi Riverside, 21°25ʹ29.29ˮN 82°24ʹ41.35ˮE, Alt. hind bia black and obtuse apically. Second and third 284 m, 3♂, Coll. S. Gupta & Party, NZSI Regd. Nos. abdominal tergite broadly impunctate in the middle. Distribuon: India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, 13825/H3 to 13827/H3. Assam, Bihar, Chhasgarh (new record), Delhi, Goa, Diagnosis: Female: Length 27.5 mm. Body black ; Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, vesture black except apices of second to fih tergites Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, and sternites with golden red setae; occiput with pale Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, erect setae and first tergite antero-laterally with both red Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uarakhand, Uar Pradesh and and black setae; pygidium with golden red setae; wings West Bengal. Elsewhere: Nepal and Sri Lanka. dark brown with strong blue reflecons. Clypeus impunctate in the middle; frontal spaum conguously Genus Megascolia Betrem punctate; front and vertex almost enrely impunctate. Subgenus Regiscolia Betrem & Bradley Pronotum broadly impunctate along its posterior margin; Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea hindostana (Micha) mesoscutum with large impunctate area in the middle; (Image 4) scutellum with coarse and relavely sparse punctures; Triscolia azurea hindostana Micha, 1927, Mi. Zool. Mus. metanotum almost impunctate; mesopleuron broadly Berlin, 13: 121-122, Female, Male, South India, Madurai, impunctate along its anterior and posterior margins; Shen-Bagamur (ZMHU). metapleuron almost impunctate; dorso-median area of Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea hindostana (Micha): propodeum with a long impunctate area in the middle, Betrem & Bradley, 1964a, Zool. Meded., 39: 444. dorso-lateral areas without any impunctate area Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Bilaspur district, anteriorly, lateral surface impunctate along its lower Khuntaghat, 22°17ʹ45.09ˮN, 82°12ʹ20.64ˮE, Alt. 324 m, margin, posterior surface densely punctate; longer spur 1♀, 16.x.2000, Coll. C. B. Prasad & Party, NZSI Regd. No. of hind bia strongly spatulate apically; forewing with a single recurrent vein. Second and third tergites broadly 11812/H3. impunctate in the middle. Diagnosis: Female: Length 35 mm. Body black with the Male: Length 22-25 mm. Body black. Vesture black following red or yellowish red markings: frontal spaum mixed with white. Wings relavely light brown, anterior along its upper margin, front, vertex enrely including margin of forewing dark with blue reflecons. ocular sinuses; paired large oval spots on third to sixth Distribuon: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Chhasgarh tergite. Vesture black except red on third to last (new record), Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim and abdominal segments; pygidium reddish brown to black. Uarakhand. Elsewhere: Bangladesh and Myanmar. Wings dark brown with violaceous reflecons. Anterior rim of clypeus sub truncate in the middle; clypeal disc not raised in the middle, flat, a sub apical strip of small and dense punctures, at sides with close punctures,

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 32 middle of the disc smooth or rugulose. Scapulae without Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Balamdehi Riverside, any tubercle in front of tegulae; forewing with three sub 21°25ʹ29.29ˮN 82°24ʹ41.35ˮE, Alt. 284 m, 1♂, 1.x.2011, marginal cells; first abdominal tergite with a very strong Coll. S. Gupta & Party, NZSI Regd. No. 13834/H3. tubercle anteriorly in the middle. Diagnosis: Female: Length 23 mm. Integument black, Distribuon: India: Chhasgarh (new record), Karnataka, flagellum orange to red, except basal segment, paired Kerala and Tamil Nadu. oval antero-lateral yellow spots on third tergite. Vesture enrely black. Wings dark brown with purplish Tribe Scoliini reflecons. Median area of clypeus gently raised and Genus Scolia Fabricius impunctate; frontal fissure extending upto anterior Scolia (Discolia) affinis Guerin (Image 5 & 6) ocellus; upper front with coarse, scaered punctures Scolia affinis Guerin, 1838, Voy, Coq.: 254. Female, Male, except for a few close punctures lateral to ocelli; vertex Senegal (MNNH). impunctate except for a few scaered punctures; Scolia (Discolia) affinis Guerin: Bradley, 1973, Bull. Mus. mesoscutum without any impunctate area; upper plate natn. Hist. Nat., Zool., 86: 218. Lectotype female of metapleuron with small, conguous to subconguous designated. punctures at its upper three-fourths; dorsomedian area Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Kabirdham of propodeum with coarse, deep, mostly subconguous district, Kawardha, Sakri riverside, 22°00ʹ46.07ˮN punctures. ♀ 81°14ʹ13.13ˮE, Alt. 345 m, 3 , 27.viii.2011, Coll. Sunil & Male: Length 16 mm. Integument black, flagellum orange Party, NZSI Regd. Nos. 13829/H3 to 13831/H3; Raipur red at the apical half of the last segment; vesture black, district, Ramkund, 21°14ʹ40.76ˮN 81°37ʹ05.23ˮE, Alt. 296 wings dark brown, forewing with bluish reflecons. m, 1♂, 14.viii.2011, Coll. Sunil & Party, NZSI Regd. No. Clypeus with coarse, scaered punctures in the middle; flagellum elongate, not clavate towards apex. 13832/H3. Distribuon: India: Chhasgarh (new record), Delhi, Diagnosis: Female: Length 15-20 mm. Integument black Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, except antennal flagellum orange red. Vesture enrely Punjab, Uarakhand, Uar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. black. Wings dark brown with dark bluish reflecons. Elsewhere: Nepal and Sri Lanka. Upper plate of metapleuron with medium sized, subconguous punctures on upper half; dorsum of Scolia (Discolia) cruenta Klug (Image 9) propodeum and posterior surface with very ny Scolia analis Klug, 1805, Beitr. Naturk., 1: 36. Female, scaered punctures; first tergite with a well developed India: Pune (ZMHU). anteromedian tubercle. Scolia (Discolia) cruenta Klug: Betrem & Bradley, 1964b, Male: Length 14 mm. Integument black except antennal Zool. Meded., 40: 93. flagellum orange red. Wings dark to light brown with Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Kabirdham purplish reflecons. district, Kawardha, Sakri riverside, 22°00ʹ46.07ˮN Distribuon: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, 81°14ʹ13.13ˮE, Alt. 345 m, 1♀, 27.viii.2011, Coll. Sunil & Chhasgarh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Party, NZSI Regd. No. 13835/H3 Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Diagnosis: Female: Length 19 mm. Integument black, the Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uarakhand, Uar Pradesh following reddish yellow porons: paired large lateral and West Bengal. spots on second tergite and third to fih tergites almost Elsewhere: Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. enrely. Vesture black except for some yellowish Remarks: Gupta & Jonathan (2003) reported this species pubescence on coloured abdominal areas; wings dark form Raipur for the first me and this is the second brown with purplish blue reflecons. Anterior margin of report of this species from Chhasgarh. median lobe of clypeus truncate, median area of the disc raised and impunctate; lower front with large, mostly Scolia (Discolia) bilunata de Saussure (Image 7 & 8) close punctures, upper front with a few scaered Scolia (Lacosi) bilunata Saussure, 1858, Ann. Soc. Ent. punctures; upper plate of metapleuron with small, France, (3) 6: 212. Male, Nepal (ZMHU). mostly subconguous punctures at its upper half, lower Scolia (Discolia) bilunata Saussure: de Saussure & Sichel, plate with small, sparse to scaered punctures and 1864, Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia: 115. broadly impunctate along posterior margin; first Material examined: INDIA: Chhasgarh, Kabirdham abdominal tergite with an anteromedian tubercle, district, Kawardha, Sakri riverside, 22°00ʹ46.07ˮN surface behind tubercle with moderately large, sparse to 81°14ʹ13.13ˮE, Alt. 345 m, 1♀, 27.viii.2011, Coll. Sunil & scaered punctures, posteriorly with small sparse punctures, at sides with mostly subconguous punctures. Party, NZSI Regd. No. 13833/H3; Mahasamund district,

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 33 Distribuon: India: Bihar, Chhasgarh (new record), Girish Kumar, P. (2009a). Taxonomic notes on hairy wasps Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Andhra Pradesh, India. Records of Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uarakhand, Zoological Survey of India, 109 (1): 97- 103. Girish Kumar, P. (2009b). New record of Megascolia Uar Pradesh and West Bengal. (Regiscolia) azurea Chrisana (Betrem & Guiglia) (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) Mizoram, Odisha and Sikkim, India. Acknowledgements Records of Zoological Survey of India, 109 (1): 105- 107. We are grateful to Dr. K. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological Girish Kumar, P. (2011). New distribuonal record of Scolia Survey of India and Dr. Kailash Chandra, Officer-in-Charge of (Discolia) binotata binotata Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) Entomology Division (A), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for from Assam and Tripura, India. Bugs R All, Newsleer of the providing necessary facilies to carry out this research work. Invertebrate Conservaon & Informaon Network of South Asia, 17: 37. References Guerin- Meneville, F.E. (1838). Insects: In Duperrey: Voyage autour du monde, execute par ordre du roi, sur la corvee ote S. Betrem, J.G. (1967). The natural groups of Campsomeriella M. la Coquille, pendant les annees 1822- 1825, secon 1, Betr., 1941 (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae). Entomologische Zoology, 319 pages, 21 plates. Berichten Amsterdam, 27: 25- 29. Gupta, S. K. & J.K. Jonathan (2003). Fauna of India and the Betrem, J.G. & J.C. Bradley (1964a). Annotaons on the genera adjacent countries, Hymenoptera: Scoliidae, 1-277 (Published Triscolia, Megascolia and Scolia. Zoologische Mededelingen, 39: by the director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata). 433-444 (First Part). Klug, J.C.F. (1805). Versuch einer Berichgung der Fabricius Betrem, J.G. & J.C. Bradley (1964b). Annotaons on the genera schen Gaungen Scolia und Tiphia. Beitrἅge zur Naturkunde, 1: Triscolia, Megascolia and Scolia (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) 8- 40. (Second Part). Zoologische Mededelingen, 40: 89-96. Micha, I. (1927). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scoliiden. Bradley, J.C. (1973). The scoliid types of Guerin- Meneville Mieilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 13 (1): (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae). Bullen du Museum 1-56, 42 figures. Naonal d’Histoire Naturelle, series 3, Zoologie, 86 (112): 217- Osten, T. (2005). Checkliste der Dolchwespen der Welt (Insecta: 221. Hymenoptera, Scoliidae), 62. Bericht der Naturforschenden Bradley, J.C. (1974). The types of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera) Gesellscha Augsburg: 1-62. described by Henri de Saussure or by Jules Sichel, or by them Saussure, H. De. (1855). Mélanges Hyménoptèrologiques. jointly. Revue Suisse Zoologie, 81 (2): 417- 485. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Fabricius, J.C. (1775). Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Genève, 14: 1-67, 1 plate. Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adieclis Saussure, H. De. (1858). Descripon de diverses espèces Synonymies, Locis, Descriponibus, Observaonibus. Flensburgi nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Scolia. Annales de la & Lipsiae, 32+832 pp. Société Entomologique de France, series 3, 6: 193- 249. Girish Kumar, P. & S.I. Kazmi (2008). New record of Saussure, H. De. & J. Sichel (1864). Catalogue des espèces de Megacampsomeris prismaca (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) l’ancien genre Scolia: 350 pages, 2 plates. from Delhi and Nagaland, India. Short Communicaon. Records Schulten, G.G.M., H.R. Feijen & C. Feijen (2011). The genus of Zoological Survey of India, 108 (1): 101- 103. Bellimeris Betrem (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae, Campsomerinae).

Image 1. Colpacampsomeris indica indica (de Saussure) Female

Figures 1. Mesosoma dorsal view 2. Forewing 3. Meso and metasternum ventral view

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 34 Image 2. Colpacampsomeris indica indica (de Saussure) Male Image 3. Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) collaris collaris (Fabricius) Female

Image 4. Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea hindostana (Micha) Female Image 5. Scolia (Discolia) affinis Guerin Female

Image 6. Scolia (Discolia) affinis Guerin Male Image 7. Scolia (Discolia) bilunata de Saussure Female

Image 8. Scolia (Discolia) bilunata de Saussure Male. Image 9. Scolia (Discolia) cruenta Klug Female

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 35 Buerflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Vepris bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Engl. aracted to light at night from Gangtok, (Rutaceae), a new larval host plant for Sikkim, India the Lime buerfly Papilio Sarbani Nag1, Partha Sarathi Ghose2 and Soumyajit demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Chowdhury3 Papilionidae) 1 th Room No 25, Entel Motors, 6 Mile, Tadong, Gangtok – 737102, Sikkim Nandakumar M K1 2 WWF – Sikkim, Kanchendzonga landscape Program (near 1Community Agrobiodiversity Centre, M S Swaminathan Research Forest Secreariat), Deorali, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim Foundaon, Puthoorvayal P.O, Kalpea, Wayanad 673121, Kerala 3 Centre for Biodiversity and Ecological Studies, P1/1B, Garia E mail: [email protected] Park, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal Email: [email protected] (3corresponding author); The Lime buerfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus is a swallowtail [email protected]; [email protected] buerfly widely distributed in diverse habitats and occurs throughout the year. Due to their wide distribuon they prefer Several observaons regarding the occasional response of many variees of larval host plants belonging to the family buerflies (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera) to arficial lights have Rutaceae. In the present communicaon I report Vepris been reported from both old and new worlds. Reports on such bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Engl. as a new larval host plant for events have been published by different authors, although Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Papilionidae) for the first me. sparsely, from the eastern, western, southern and north-central parts of the India (Chowdhury and Soren, 2011). The present During the survey on buerflies of M S Swaminthan Research communicaon is of special importance as it forms the first Foundaon campus, Kalpea, Wayanad district, Kerala, I came report on light-aracted buerflies from the Himalayan across six larvae of Papilio demoleus feeding on Vepris ecoregion as well as the North-Eastern India. Observaons by bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Engl. in the botanical garden of the the present authors for the years 2010 and 2011 report three Community Agrobiodiversity Centre on 13th October 2012. This species of buerflies found inside their residence at 6th Mile plant is an endemic and endangered tree species of southern near Gangtok in east Sikkim, being aracted to neon tube light Western Ghats. It is a sub canopy tree in wet evergreen forest at night. The three species, listed below, are all widely between 100 and 1200 m altude (Nayar and Ahemedullah, distributed in the Himalayan ecoregion, including Sikkim as one 1986). The tree species is locally called Karakil or Moothassari. of their sites of occurrence: I reared two larvae on Vepris bilocularis in the RET Nursery of 1. Purple Sapphire (Heliophorus epicles Godart: ): the Centre successfully and both emerged aer a pupal period Common and widely distributed in the Himalayas (Haribal, of 8-10 days. 1992); individual found resng on the lighted wall; June, 2010. 2. Blue-tailed Jester (Symbrenthia niphanda Moore: The known larval food plants of the Lime buerfly are citrus Nymphalidae). Rare in the wild (Haribal, 1992) and widely variees (Citrus spp.), Murraya koenigii, Aegle marmelos, distributed in the Himalayas (Kehimkar, 2008); individual found Atlana racemosa, Chloroxylon swietenia, Glycosomis arborea resng on the glass window; Apr, 2011. and Limonia crenulata, (Kunte, 2000; Kehimkar, 2008). 3. Indian Tortoiseshell (Aglais cashmiriensis Kollar: Nymphalidae). Common and widely distributed in the References Himalayas (Haribal, 1992; Kehimkar, 2008); individual was Kehimkar, I. 2008. The Book of Indian Buerflies. Bombay inially observed dashing towards the light and aerwards Naural History Society. 497pp. found to sele on the lighted wall of the room; Dec, 2011. Kunte, K. (2000). Buerflies of Peninsular India. Universies Press (India) limited, Hyderabad and Indian Academy of All these three species were observed as single individuals for Sciences (Bnagalore). 254pp. the phenomenon of aracon to arficial light; and are Nayar, M.P. (1996). Hot spots of endemic plants of India, Nepal addions to the known 31 species of buerflies in India and Bhutan. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Instute, (Chowdhury and Soren, 2011) that form evidence for this Trivandrum. 70-98pp. unusual phototacc and nocturnal behaviour for these sun- loving diurnal species (Haribal, 1992; Kehimkar, 2008). Aggregaon Behaviour of a bug Anoplocnemis References: phasiana Fabricus On a tree, Areca catechu Chowdhury S. and Soren R. (2011). Light aracted buerflies: A Review from the Indian sub-region with an Linneus inventory from West Bengal, India. Journal of Threatened S.R. Aland and M.O. Mulajkar Taxa, 3 (6): 1868–1871. Department of Zoology, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Haribal M. (1992). The Buerflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Ashok Chowk, Solapur, 413 006 Maharashtra their natural history. Sikkim Nature Conservaon Areca catechu is the areca palm or areca nut palm betel palm, a Foundaon, Gangtok. 217 pp. species of palm which grows in much of the Kehimker I. (2008). Book of Indian Buerflies. Bombay tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. The palm is Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, believed to have originated in either Malaysia or Mumbai and Delhi. 513 pp. the Philippines. This palm is oen called the betel tree because its fruit, the areca nut, is oen chewed along with the betel leaf. The areca palm is also used as an interior landscaping species. It is oen used in large indoor areas such as malls and hotels. It will not fruit or reach full size. Indoors, it is a slow

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 36 growing, low water, high light plant that is sensive to spider Ant Fauna at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College mites and occasionally mealy bugs. of Agriculture and Research Instute campus, Panhala fort (16048’32’’N 74006’33’’E 845 m ASL) is located in Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry Panhala, 20 kilometers northwest of Kolhapur. In the present K. Kumar1 and M. Kandibane2 note, aggregaon behaviour shown by a bug, Anoplocnemis 1Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor phasiana on a plant, A. catechu on 08.02.2013 is reported. Department of Agricultural Entomology and Nematology About 50-60 bugs were observed on a single branch of A. PAJANCOA & RI, Karaikal, U.T of Puducherry 609 603 catechu. The idenficaon was done with the help of available literature (Distant, 1902). No mang pair was observed. The A survey on the ant fauna was conducted in 2009 at Pandit observaons of the present study is in agreement with Alcock Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Instute (1971) and Krupe et al., (2001) who reported aggregaon of campus (PAJANCOA and RI), Karaikal. Karaikal is located 5-35 in Euschistus conspersus in Western North America. Joshi between 10° 55’ N latude and 79°52’E longitude. The et al., (2011) also given photographic evidence of infestaon of maximum and minimum temperature of the study period were nearly 4000 nymphs and 150 adults of a bug, Cyclopelta 32.0°C and 24.5°C respecvely and with annual mean rainfall of siccifolia on a tree, Millea pinnata in Pune, Maharashtra. Very 1397 mm. The ants were collected with an aspirator on the recently Mamlayya and Aland (2012) recorded aggregaon of a trees available in the campus. Most of the individuals were pentatomid bug, incarnatus (nearly 400-500 collected from guava, sapota, mango, neem, nerium, curry leaf, adults) on Delonix regia on the Campus of Shivaji University, tamarind and jamun. The collected individuals were killed in a Kolhapur, Maharashtra. potassium cyanide killing bole, and card mounted. The preserved specimens of ants were idenfied by Dr. Ajay References Narendra, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Instute of Dar, A. And Khatoon, S. (1997). Andepressant effects of Science, Bangalore. Nine species of ants were recorded (Table ethanol extract of Areca catechu in Rodents in Rodents. 1). Phytotherapy Research, 11(2): 174-176. Distant, W. L. (1902). The fauna of Brish India including Ceylon Among the nine species, C. compressus and C. sericeus were and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. I Heteroptera (Ed. Blanford, W. T.). dominant on soil, where as O. smaragdina and T. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, London 438pp. melanocephalum were dominant on trees. P. longicornis, M. Joshi, R., Pathak, G. And Ghate, H. V. (2011): Photographic pharaonis and T. melanocephalum were the least abundant. O. evidence of heavy infestaon on Millea pinnata (Fabaceae) smaragdina was abundant on the undisturbed mango, guava, by Cyclopelta siccifolia (Westwood) (: almond and neem with more numbers of nests. T. rufonigra ). Bugs R All, 18: 2-3. was recorded in almond, tamarind, ber and golden shower. It Krupe, C. H., Brunner, J. F. Doerr, M. D., and Kahn, A. D. was an aggressive species. It was found that the species O. (2001). Field aracon of the snk bug Euschistus concpersus smaragdina and T. rufonigra collected caterpillars and sucking (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to synthec pheromone-baited insects. C. compressus and C. sericeus were observed on host plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 1500-1505. mounds present below mango and pungam trees. They Mamlayya, A. B. and Aland, S. R. (2012). Aggregaon gathered honey dew secreted by mealy bugs, aphids, and scale behaviour of Catacanthus incarnates (Drury) bug on Delonix insects. P. longicornis fed on dead insects and honey dew regia tree in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Bugs R All, 19: 26. excreted by sucking insects.

Acknowledgement We are thankful to Dr. Ajay Narendra, Centre for Ecological Science, Indian Instute of Sciences, Bangalore for idenfying the specimens.

Table 1. Ant species recorded at PAJANCOA and RI), Karaikal

Common name Scientific name Host/Tree collected on 1. Golden backed ant Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius) Castor, mango, pungam 2. Black crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) Guava, mango, tamarind 3. Common red fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) Sapota, tamarind, citrus 4. Odour ant Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) Mango, bamboo, tamarind 5. Arboreal bicoloured ant Tetraponera rufonigra Jerdon Almond, tamarind, Ber 6. Common Godzilla ant Camponotus compressus ( Fabricius) Castor, mango, pungam 7. Asian weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) Mango, Guava, neem 8. Pharaoh ant Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus Cyprus, Cynadon, tamarind 9. Acrobat ant Crematogaster spp. Tamarind, coconut, neem

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 37 Invertebrate Pollinator Conservation and Education Training Workshop Report: Conservation Beyond Research B.A. Daniel, Scientist, Zoo Outreach Organization. Email: [email protected]

The IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group SAsISG and Zoo Outreach Organization in partnership with the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, USA organized a three-day training workshop to promote pollinator conservation in India. Thirty-one participants from different states of India took part in this event, conducted at the TNAU campus from 3-5 June 2013. Chester Zoo, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group sponsored the entire event.

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that pollinators are in serious decline, due to habitat loss, modification, and/or fragmentation, excessive pesticide use, diseases, and introduction of alien species. The decline in pollinators must be reversed now, as even current loss suggests an impending crisis. In South Asian context, very little is known about the status of invertebrate pollinators in the wild and their populations, pollinator interactions with other elements of crop and crop associated biodiversity, the ecology of pollinators, or the ultimate consequences of their decline. There is also a lack of information and knowledge on the enabling environment that contributes to the decline of pollinator numbers.

A realistic way to ensure pollinator conservation is to promote and enhance its value to society. Apart from understanding the need of the multiple goods and services provided by pollinators, it is necessary to promote conservation of pollinators by creating awareness among farmers, students, policy makers and the general public, i.e. civil society at all levels. Considering the importance of pollinators and their decline, it is critical that the decline is slowed down. One of the ways is to increase capacity of entomologists and field biologists to recognize the forces that are depleting pollinators and address them with appropriate means. With this in mind, a three-day training programme was planned for the pollinator researchers in India under the banner of IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group and Zoo Outreach Organization in collaboration with TNAU and Xerces Society.

The main objectives of the workshop were i) to convey practical field techniques for use for pollinator studies; ii) to highlight what has become a crisis of pollinators and the role of invertebrate as pollinators; iii) to teach current best practice in survey, identification, land use management etc. and to reinforce their commitment; iv). to imbibe a short training in education of laypersons about the need to conserve invertebrate pollinators and; v). to create a network of committed pollinator conservation researchers in India for future conservation action.

Participants for this workshop were selected based on their contribution in pollinator research and through invitation. Dr. E.I. Jonathan, Director (CPPS), TNAU presided over the inaugural function. Dr. S. Kuttalam, Professor and Head, Department of agricultural entomology welcomed the gathering. The author highlighted the background of the workshop. He said, conservation of neglected faunal groups including invertebrates is one of the primary interests of Sally Walker, the founder of Zoo Outreach Organization. The invertebrate network activities initiated by her in 1991 as an activity of then CBSG-India (now CBSG South Asia) and multi-level invertebrate conservation activities executed with the support of Paul Pearce Kelly, ZSL in 1995, laid foundation for the formation of the IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group SAsISG. This pollinator conservation and education training workshop is an activity of the sub-network of the SAsISG. In addition to this he highlighted the objectives of this workshop.

Dr. Eric Mader during the inaugural said that this short course comes at an important time in our history of human. In the past 60 years, roughly 300% global increase in cropland that require bee pollination has happened and in the same time frame we have a considerable amount of decline in pollinators. We have more complete information on pollinator decline in United States, Europe, Canada, Mexico where in the same time frame there is 50% decline in managed honeybee colonies. We are here at a point in the history to appraise if there will be sufficient pollinator numbers in the near future to sustain our nutritional requirements, to sustain our health and to sustain the reproduction of plants which are bee dependent. He also mentioned that after this workshop the participants will walk away with three concrete actions 1. Inspire awareness of pollinators and pollinator conservation 2. Additional ideas for research and 3. To take collective steps for pollinator conservation beyond research. The third step is very critical and it is easy for researchers to get stuck with the second action. Sanjay Molur, Executive Director, Zoo Outreach Organization highlighted that we have moved to the age where we can, along with research, can start looking at what can we in our present condition, situation, knowledge do for conservation. We all understand our feelings for conservation but we are all stuck in our daily mode of understanding what is more out there.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 38 E.I. Jonathan, Director (CPPS), TNAU while inaugurating the workshop said that it is important to conserve the pollinators which is sensitive to pesticides. Large amount of pesticide is used without understanding the impact of it in the ecosystem. Usage of pesticide must be minimized so that non-target organisms can be conserved. M.R. Srinivasan, Professor, Department of Agricultural Entomology gave vote of thanks, and particularly thanked ZOO for conceiving the idea of this workshop, Eric Madar, Xerces Society and the sponsors.

The programme started with an introductory talk by Dr. Eric Mӓder, Assistant Pollinator Program Director, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, the main resource person for the workshop. He gave a talk on the Global trends of pollinator decline and an introduction to the Xerces Society’s Pollinator Conservation Programme. Xerces Society, which was started in 1971, is named after the Extinct Xerces blue butterfly. For the first few decades we were primarily a butterfly conservation organization and then we brainstormed to work on the Endangered species like the freshwater mussel, we have aquatic invertebrate conservation programmes which is now very active addressing threats to aquatic invertebrates, then we have the pollinator conservation programme. The Xerces Society has three primary methodologies, we do outreach and education targeting farmers and government agencies that support formers. We do applied research, we try to investigate questions around about pollinator decline and try to identify the threats for the pollinator groups; and then we give direct restoration of habitat for pollinators restoring native flowers and native head rows in agricultural areas. Through this we can able to create significant impact on pollinator numbers and bring in wild pollinators for pollination. Xerces Society is running on ‘NGO and Government partnership’.

While addressing the general pollinator status and importance of pollinators he said, pollinators are the integral part of terrestrial ecosystem and in fact current research project shows that 80% of plant species (~240,000 plant species) on earth requires some form of animal mediated pollination for reproduction. Certain plants are pollinator specific. Benefits to other wildlife: Pollinators also play a major role in supporting the global biodiversity. If we look at the food sources for birds and mammals 25% of the fruits and seeds are from the pollinators. Insect Pollinators are food for many wildlife, pollinator habitat is compatible with the needs of other wildlife, such as songbirds. The conservation of pollinators is often compatible with conservation of other wildlife. When we talk about pollinators we talk about a huge spectrum of different animals like , moths, beetles, wasps and of all bees are considered to be ecologically important group. Bees are important pollinators for three critical reasons: 1. Bees are one of the few animal groups that directly collect and transport pollen. Many other insects like butterflies are visitors to collect nectar. Bees are the only group that actively gather large amount of pollen. 2. They are in the apex of pollination because bees exhibit floral constancy ie bees can visit the same species of flowers in succession. 3. Bees nests in a specific location and the regularly forage in area around the nest. We can put a beehive in an orchard and we can expect pollination to radiate out from the beehive or we can create a habitat on a form for native wild bees and can expect pollination as an ecological event to radiate from there.

As part of the workshop Eric delivered a series of talks and demonstrations. Habitat evaluation: Field observation and land-use discussion; Rapid field habitat assessment and pollinator monitoring techniques; Applied Habitat Restoration for Pollinators; Wild (non-Apis) Bee Ecology. Role of solitary bees, bumble bees and carpenter bees; Managing Stem and Wood Nesting Bees for Crop Pollination; Selection, development, and propagation of native plants for the restoration of pollinator habitat and; Bee-Friendly Farming Practices.

Following the key-note address, the following presentations and demonstrations were conducted. M.R. Srinivasan delivered talks on National pollinator trend and status; honey bee diversity, visit to Sun flower field and pollinator visitation observation and analysis, Demo on apiculture; Basics of identification - Bee identification; Insect pollinators in selected crops – sunflower, cotton, ornamentals, trees and weed plants - pollinators on crop yield and quality increase in different crops. Dr N. Ganapathy spoke about Bee diseases and bee enemies. Dr. Sajan Jose, who has been working on stingless bees for the past 27 years, shared his experience on Milliponiculture.

Sanjay Molur gave a detailed talk on the Status of Indian Invertebrate Pollinators: Checklist, Status of pollinators: Species assessment process; IUCN Red List Criteria. Followed by this B.A. Daniel and Sanjay Molur conducted a discussion to develop a short list to prioritize pollinator groups that can be considered for rapid species assessments in the near future. The identified groups and the commitments by the participants are: Some non-Apis invertebrate pollinator groups identified for species status assessments are: butterflies, stem-nesting solitary wild bees, ground- nesting bees, Syrphid flies, Thrips, Coccinellid beetles, selected moths, nocturnal bees, parasitic bees and wasps and sting-less bees. Sample red list for these groups will be tried.

The pollinator education activities of ZOO’s Educator Network was explained by Daniel and he demonstrated the education materials developed by ZOO with the support of Columbus Zoo. All the participants were invited to become a member of the networks of ZOO. During the valedictory, all the participants received a certificate of participation and a CD containing collection of literature related to pollinators. Entire proceedings of the workshop will be compiled and posted on ZOO website. We thank Columbus Zoo, Chester Zoo and CBSG for the financial support extended to conduct this important workshop.

Reprinted from ZOO’s PRINT 28(6): 17-20.

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 39 National Seminar on Invertebrate Taxonomy: current trends and future prospects 7-8 November 2013

Organised by Postgraduate Department of Zoology Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala

The main objective of the seminar is to bring together experts in the field of Invertebrate Taxonomy, to deliver plenary talks and to provide a platform for interaction between experts and budding taxonomists. It also provides a venue to taxonomy researchers to present their work before an active community of taxonomists for feedback and comments for redefining or refining their research. It gives an opportunity for teachers and postgraduate students in biological sciences, managers of Protected Areas and invertebrate enthusiasts to listen to the experts and learn the tools, techniques and thus motivate them to pursue taxonomy research.

Call for papers: Papers for oral presentations are invited on the following themes 1. Invertebrate diversity- Systematics and Phylogeny 2. Tools and Techniques in Invertebrate Taxonomy 3. Biotechnology and Invertebrate Systematics 4. Invertebrate diversity -Conservation and Management 5. Invertebrate Ecology, biogeography and impact of climate change

Abstract Submission: 30 September 2013 (300 words by e mail attachment) For more details please visit our website: www.nirmalacollege.ac.in/department/zoology or e-mail us on [email protected], [email protected] Ph. 0485 2831950, Mob. 09446510343, 09447432891

Masters in Conservation Leadership - 2014 entry University of Cambridge The course is a full-time, one year Masters, aimed at graduates of leadership potential with at least three to five years of experience relevant to biodiversity conservation. The unique feature of the course is its delivery by a collaboration between six University of Cambridge departments and nine leading conservation organisations based around Cambridge, and its focus on issues of management and leadership. A key aim of the course is to build the capacity of conservation leaders from tropical countries. As a result, the first two cohorts have attracted post-experience students from around the world. Scholarship funding is available for the academic year beginning in October 2014. All applications for October entry and scholarships must be received by the 3 December 2013. Further details of the course and scholarships can be found at: http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/graduate/mphil/conservation/

Applicants are encouraged to seek scholarship support locally, for example the Chevening Scholarship schemes run by the British Council in their home countries. Please share this information with anybody you think might be a strong potential candidate for the course. We would be particularly grateful if you could publicise the course among staff of state conservation authorities, as well as within your own organisations.

If you have any queries please don't hesitate to contact Emily Chenery ([email protected])

Newsletter of the Invertebrate Conservation and Information Network of South Asia (ICINSA) and Invertebrate Special Interest Group (ISIG) of Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, South Asia. ISIG coordinated by Dr. B.A. Daniel, Scientist, Zoo Outreach Organization

Editor: B.A. Daniel Editorial Advisor: Sally Walker & Sanjay Molur

BUGS `R' ALL is published by ZOO and CBSG South Asia as a service to invertebrate conservation community. This issue is published with the financial support of Zoological Society of London.

For communication contact: The Editor, ZOO/CBSG, S. Asia office 96, Kumutham Nagar, Villankurichi Road, Coimbatore, 641 004, TN, India Ph: +91 422 2665 450; Fax: 266 5472; Email: [email protected]

Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 40