ISSN 2230 – 7052 No. 20, September 2013 Bugs R All
Newsletter of the Invertebrate Conservation & Information Network of South Asia
Online IUCN Red List Training course The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is widely To benefit most from the course, it is recommended that recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global new learners start with Module 1 and work through the approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant course. For more experienced ‘Red-listers’ needing a and animal species. The IUCN Red List has grown in size refresher on a particular topic, modules can be selected as and complexity and now plays an increasingly prominent required. Currently, there are four modules available; role in guiding international, regional and national Introduction to the IUCN Red List, IUCN Red List conservation. Prompted by the Red List’s increasing Assessments, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, and popularity and a growing need for Red List training around Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments. the world, IUCN in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has developed the first online IUCN A further three modules will be released in the next few Red List Training Course. weeks, and later this year the IUCN Red List Assessor Exam will also be available on the TNC website. This final Hosted on TNC’s ConservationTraining website, the online exam will test your understanding of the IUCN Red List course “Assessing Species' Extinction Risk Using IUCN Categories and Criteria and the Red List assessment Red List Methodology” will be of particular benefit to process. On successful completion of each module, the species conservation scientists about to embark on Red course will award you a “Record of Completion” certificate; List assessment projects. However, the course is free and passing the final exam will result in a "Red List Assessor" open to anyone who wishes to learn more about the IUCN certificate. Red List. Completion of the course is not mandatory for those people In this course, you can learn about the IUCN Red List submitting assessments for the IUCN Red List; it is simply assessment process and how to prepare high-quality Red an easy to use platform for anybody to improve and test List assessments. All of the topics covered in a typical their Red List knowledge and skills. IUCN Red List Assessor Training workshop are included, with some additional lessons that allow the learner to For more information please contact: explore some aspects of the Red List Categories and [email protected] Criteria in more detail.
Contents Pages Aqua c and Semiaqua c Hemiptera (Class: Insecta) recorded at Northern Odisha Estuaries - Swetapadma Dash 2-7 Preliminary Study on Spider Fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India - Sachin R. Pa l, S. Sambath and Rita Bhandari ...... 8-11 Checklist of Dermaptera from U arakhand State - V.D. Hegde and B. Lal ...... 12-16 Observa ons on Lasiommata menava (Moore, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and Aglais caschmirensis (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) a racted to light at Kalatop and Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh, India - Avtar Kaur Sidhu ...... 17-19 A eva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Ypomomeu d): A serious pest of Ailanthus excelsa in forest nurseries and planta ons of Rajasthan - Seema Kumar and Sanjay Paunikar ...... 20-21 Checklist for Planktonic Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) living in Velacherry Lake, Chennai, India - K. Rajabunizal and R. Ramanibai ...... 22-25 SEM Studies on Radula of the Spider Conch Lambis lambis (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Strombidae) - Baskara Sanjeevi, K. Kesavan, M. Gayathri, N. Santhiya and M. Dhanalakshmi ...... 26-28 Record of a new host plant of Phygasia silacea Illiger (Coeloptera: Chrysomelidae: Al cinae) from India - Aisha Sultana, Mohammad Shah Hussain ...... 29-30 Scoliid fauna (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Chha sgarh - P. Girish Kumar & Gaurav Sharma ...... 31-35 Bu erflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) a racted to light at night from Gangtok, Sikkim, India - Sarbani Nag, Partha Sarathi Ghose and Soumyajit Chowdhury ...... 36 Vepris bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Engl. (Rutaceae), a new larval host plant for the Lime bu erfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) - Nandakumar M K ...... 36 Aggrega on Behaviour of a bug Anoplocnemis phasiana Fabricus on a tree, Areca catechu Linneus on Panhala Fort, Kolhapur, Maharashtra - S.R. Aland and M.O. Mulajkar ...... 36-37 Ant Fauna at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Ins tute campus, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry - K. Kumar and M. Kandibane ...... 37 Announcements and Workshop reports ...... 38-40
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013 Aqua c and Semiaqua c Hemiptera (Class: Insecta) recorded at Northern Odisha Estuaries
Swetapadma Dash Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India Gopalpur-on-Sea-761002, Odisha E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 1988; Chakraborty, 1996; Khan, 2002) on estuarine Studies on the aqua c hemiptera of northern estuaries of hemiptera group has been carried out on some specific Odisha were made during period of 12 months in 2008-2009. wetlands in India. The insect popula on mainly consists of Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata. The Hemiptera group has been iden fied from the lot. Some Hemipterans are surface dwellers The present study described the ecology, distribu on of (Gerridae, Nepidae, Hydro metridae), Notonec dae are middle estuarine aqua c insects of northern coastal districts of dweller and Belostoma dae are bo om dweller. The diversity Odisha. Being a preliminary study on aqua c hemiptera of the estuarine Hemiptera found to be very much low in of northern coastal district of Odisha, it revealed 11 comparison to freshwater Hemipteran community. The species belonging to 6 families and 9 genera. ecological factors are also being evaluated that show their affinity with salinity and water current. The objec ve of this paper is to summarize the unique adapta ons and ecological Study Area importance of the six families of Hemiptera that are fully The present study was carried out during April 2008 to aqua c and semi aqua c having estuarine occurrence. March 2009 in selected locali es of Brahmani-Baitarani estuarine ecosystems. In order to cover maximum part of Keywords: Estuary, Aqua c, Hemiptera, Salinity the water bodies 7 spots were selected for collec ons Introduc on (Ghe Koili, Chandbali; Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Insects are one of the most important components of Chandbali; Haripur, Chandbali; West side of mouth area, aqua c ecosystems. Providing food for countless Dhamra; island (Laxmi Chadha) and Budhiachak, Dhamra; vertebrates as well as feeding upon equally countless Urabadi/Kuli, Dhamra). numbers of lesser animals (McCafferty, 1981), are just a few of their important ac ons. Only a few insects, 3-5%, Materials and Methods have adapted successfully to the aqua c environment Collec ons of insect were made with help of hand- (Daly et al. 1997). In par cular, the order Hemiptera operated nets of varying sizes depending upon the area stands out as an important group of aqua c Hemiptera of the water bodies. The design and opera on of the nets (Hutchinson, 1993). The Hemiptera belongs to the was approximately based on those described by Junk Division Exopterygota. They usually possess wings and go (1977). Insects collected for study were preserved in 70% through incomplete metamorphosis. The most notable alcohols. Hemiptera collec ons were iden fied by using characteris c of this order is the "beak," a piercing the standard literature on the group (Thirumalai, 1999; mouthpart which has a suctorial func on. Deepa and Rao, 2007; Bal and Basu 1994a, b). The physicochemical parameters were taken from all the 0 Aqua c Hemiptera holds an important posi on in the sites. The water surface temperature ranged from 26 C ecology of aqua c ecosystem (Hazarika and Goswami, 2010). Certain families of the bugs are u lized in the biological control of mosquito larvae (Ohba and Nakasuji 2006; Saha et al. 2007). Out of 11 globally recognized families, 5 major families of true aqua c bugs belongs to infraorder Nepomorpha i.e. Belostoma dae, Corixidae, Notonec dae, Naucoridae and Nepidae are chiefly represented from India. They are characterized by their short antennae that are usually hidden. Nepomorpha bugs occupy diverse ecological niches ranging from salt- water pools to torren al streams and rivers. Studies are being carried out by some researchers (Lanna 1975; Stearns and Kenneth, 2008; Edmondson, 1946; Englund, et.al. 2000) on estuarine hemiptera group globally. Limited number of studies (Chakraborty and Naskar, Collection Sites at Brahmani-Baitarani Estuarine Area
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 2 to 280C and sub-surface data ranged from 250C to 270C. Systema c Account The pH of water ranged from 6.9 to 7.4 and salinity Family: Nepidae ranged from 4ppt to 14ppt. Subfamily-Ranantrinae, Latereille, 1802 Tribe-Ranatrini, Latereille, 1802 A Systema c index to the aqua c insects of the studied Genus –Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 area of northern coastal districts of Odisha ORDER: HEMIPTERA 1. Ranatra elongata, Fabricius, 1790 SUB ORDER: HETEROPTERA Diagnos c Characters: The species can be iden fied by a INFRA ORDER: NEPOMORPHA POPOV, 1968 triangular tooth present in the femur beyond the middle Superfamily: Nepoidea Latreille, 1802 of its length. Metasternal process is subtriangular. FAMILY: NEPIDAE LATREILLE, 1802 Distribu on: Ghe Koili, Chandbali, Bhadrak District, Subfamily: Nepinae Latreille, 1802 Odisha. Tribe: Nepini Latreille, 1802 Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Jammu Genus: Laccotrephes Stal, 1866 & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Subgenus: Laccotrephes Stal, 1866 Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil 1. Laccotrephes griseus (Guerin-Meneville , 1844) Nadu, U ar Pradesh and West Bengal. 2. Laccotrephes ruber (Linnaeus, 1764) Subfamily: Ranatrinae Douglas & Sco , 1865 2. Ranatra filiformis Fabricius, 1790 Tribe: Ranatrini Douglas & Sco , 1865 Diagnos c Characters: R. filiformis mostly occurs in the shallower parts of the water bodies, where it clings to Genus: Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 the submerged vegeta on. It is smaller in size than R. Subgenus: Ranatra Fabricius, 1790 elongata. The respiratory siphon is shorter than the 3. Ranatra elongata Fabricius , 1790 body. 4. Ranatra filiformis Fabricius, 1790 Distribu on: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar) and Haripur, Ghe Koili, Chandbali, Bhadrak District, Odisha, FAMILY: BELOSTOMATIDAE LEACH, 1815 Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Subfamily: Belostoma nae Leach, 1815 Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Genus: Diplonychus Laporte, 1833 Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, 5. Diplonychus rus cus (Fabricius, 1781) Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, U ar Pradesh and West Bengal. Subfamily: Lethocerinae Lauck & Menke, 1961 Genus: Lethocerus Mayr, 1853 Sub family-Nepinae, Latereille, 1802 Subgenus: Lethocerus Mayr, 1853 Tribe-Nepini, Latereille, 1802 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepele ler & Serville, 1825) Genus- Laccotrephus Stal, 1866 3. Laccotrephus griseus Guerin-Meneville, 1844 FAMILY: NAUCORIDAE LEACH, 1815 Diagnos c characters: This species found near the lower Superfamily: Notonectoidae Latreille, 1802 current of water flow where it is equal to stagna on under the weeds. The abdominal appendages shorter FAMILY: NOTONECTIDAE LATREILLE, 1802 than the body. Slightly hooked and symmetrical Subfamily: Anisopinae Hutchinson, 1929 parameres. It is very common in southern India water Tribe: Anisopini Hutchinson, 1929 bodies. Genus: Anisops Spinola, 1837 Distribu on: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Chandbali 7. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy, 1901 District: Bhadrak, Odisha. Elsewhere : India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, FAMILY: GERRIDAE Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Sub-Family: Gerrinae Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, 8. Limnogonus (Limnogonus) ni dus (Mayr) Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, U ar Pradesh 9. Aqurius adelaidis (Dohrn) and West Bengal.
FAMILY: MESOVELIIDAE 4. Laccotrephus ruber, Linnaeus, 1764 Subfamily: Mesoveliinae Material Examined: 5 exs, 23.vi. 2008 S. Dash and Party. 10. Mesovelia vi gera Horvath, 1895 Diagnos c characters: It is a species with a medium length of about 3-5 cm with dark brown to black. Long, FAMILY: HYDROMETRIDAE pointed shape with a long-tailed pair front leg near the Subfamily: Hydrometrinae mouth used for capturing prey. Abdominal appendices 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy, 1898 slightly longer than the body.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 3 Distribu on: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar) and Family: Gerridae Haripur, Chandbali, District Bhadrak, Odisha. Sub family: Gerrinae, Bianchi, 1896 Elsewhere : India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Genus: Limnogonus, Stal, 1868 Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Prdesh, Jammu& Kashmir, 8. Limnogonus (Limnogonus) ni dus, (Mayr) 1865 Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Diagnos c characters: Limnogonus ni dus is a black and Puducherry, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, long-legged water strider. Anterio pronotal lobe with Tamil Nadu, U ar Pradesh and West Bengal. yellow markings. This species is having a dis nct connexival spine. It is a widespread species being Family: Belostoma dae, Leach, 1815 distributed from sea level to 1000 meters and mostly Subfamily: Belostoma nae, Leach, 1833 found as winged individuals. Genus: Diplonychus (Laporte), 1833 Distribu on: Ghe Koili, Chandbali,District: Bhadrak, 5. Diplonychus rus cus, Fabricius, 1781 Odisha Diagnos c characters: Body (less than 20mm) long. Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Single segmented fore tarsus with a small claw. It is a Bihar, Delhi, Chandigarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya voracious feeder of fish and mosquito larvae. Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Manipur, Distribu on: Laxmi Chadha, Dhamra, Baradia, Chandbali, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Tripura, U ar Pradesh District: Bhadrak, Odisha and West Bengal. Elsewhere:. India: Andaman& Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Genus: Aquarius (Dohrn), 1860 Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, 9. Aquarius adelaides (Dohrn), 1860 Pondicherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Diagnos c characters: Colour: Dark brownish above, fore femur almost straight and slightly constricted before Subfamily: Lethocerinaea, Lauck & Menke, 1961 apex, terminated by two dis nct spines. Middle bia Genus: Lethocerus, Mayr, 1853 longer than the hind bia; hind femur dis nctly longer Subgenus: Lethocerus, Mayr, 1853 than the middle femur. Abdomen: moderately slender 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepele er & Serville, 1825) slightly widened in the middle; Connexival spines stout Diagnos c Characters: Lethocerus indicus is a giant and long, almost reaching abdominal end (Proc ger). water bug in the family Belostoma dae, It’s body length Segment 8 large, sub-cylindrical, with a prominent, around 11 cm. It was originally described as Belostoma triangular tubercle on the ventral surface. Pygophore indicum but is no longer placed in that genus. It is well- large, sub-ovate. Parameres conate and setose. Proc ger known as an edible species. elongate, ovate with pointed apex. Distribu on: Laxmi Chadha and Budhiachak, Dhamra, Distribu on: Fresh water Creek along Baitarani river, Odisha New Dhamra, District: Bhadrak, Odisha Elsewhere: India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and West Bengal. Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Family: Mesoveliidae Family: Notonec dae, Latereille, 1802 Subfamily: Mesoveliinae Subfamily: Anisopinae, Hutchinson, 1929 Genus: Mesovelia Genus: Anisops, Spinola, 1837 10. Mesovelia vi gera Horvath, 1895. 7. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy,1901 Diagnos c Charaters: Mesovelia vi gera is pale green. Diagnos c Characters: This species dis nguished by the It is larger than Microvelia douglasi atrolineata Bergroth. posteriorly holop c eyes. Hemielytra with reduced It appears in two morphs, the winged and unwinged membrane. The structure of male stridulatory comb adults. The head is longer than it is wide and is acute which is composed of a few fla ened and spatulate frontally. Its eyes are not convergent. The tarsi of the combs legs has small basal segment. In winged species, the Distribu on: Similia Bridge (Hanuman Nagar), Chandbali: membrane on the hemelytron of the front wings has no Dhamra, Odisha. closed cells and the corium has dark brown thickened Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, veins forming three whi sh cells. Mesovelia vi gera is a Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, U ar solitary feeder. This species found in slow running water Pradesh and West Bengal. covered by emergent or floa ng vegeta on. Of the two morphs, the wingless adults are more common. Infra order: Gerromorpha, Popov, 1971 Distribu on: West side of mouth area, Dhamra: District: Family: Gerridae, Leach, 1815 Bhadrak, Odisha.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 4 Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Englund, R.A., Arakaki, K., Preston, D.J., Coles, S.L. and Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu Eldredge, L.G. (2000). Nonindigenous freshwater and estuarine and West Bengal. species introduc ons and their poten al to affect spor ishing in the lower stream and estuarine region of the south and west shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Bishop Museum Technical Report 17: Family: Hydrometridae 1-121. Subfamily: Hydrometrinae Hazarika, R. and Goswami, M.M. (2010). Aqua c Hemiptera of Genus: Hydrometra Gawha University, Guwaha , Assam, India. Journal of 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy, 1898 Threatened Taxa 2(3): 778-782. Diagnos c Characteris cs: Metatarsal length about 1.8 John H. E. (2006). Iden fica on manual for the aqua c and mm. Seg 8 with weak postero-lateral corners. Body semiaqua c Hemiptera of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Protec on. 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, colour light to medium brown. FL 32399-2400. Distribu on: West side of mouth area, Dhamra, District: Junk, W.J. (1977). The invertebrate fauna of floa ng vegeta on Bhadrak, Odisha. of Bong Barapet, a reservoir in central Thailand. Hydrobiologia Elsewhere: India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, 53: 229-238. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Khan, R.A. (2002). Diversity of freshwater Macro-invertebrates communi es associated with macrophytes. Records of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Zoological Survey of India 100 (Part 1-2): 211-228. Lanna C, (1975). Insecta: HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA Gerridae The study revealed that there is a low diversity of aqua c Genus Halobates, Scripps Ins tu on of Oceanography, La Jolla, hemiptera exists at estuarine water bodies. Only 8 genus California 92037, U.S.A. and 11 species belonging to 6 families of Hemiptera are McCafferty W.P. (1981). Aqua c entomology: the fisherman’s present in the collec on. All the species are first record and ecologists’ illustrated guide to insects and their rela ves. Boston, MA: Science Books Interna onal, Inc. from the study area. Stearns A.M., and Kenneth, A. ( 2008). Atlas of the Aqua c and Semiaqua c True Bugs (Class Insecta: Order Hemiptera) References Recorded at the Old Woman Creek Na onal Estuarine Research Anderson, M.N. (1990). Phylogeny and Taxonomy of water Reserve & State Nature Preserve, Ohio, Na onal Center for striders, Genus Aquarius Schellenberg (Insecta, Hemiptera, Water Quality Research Heidelberg College Tiffin, Ohio, USA Gerridae), with a new species from Australia. Steenstrupia Zool. 44883. Mus.Univ. Copenhagen, 16(4):37-81. Subramanian K.A and Sivaramakrishnan, K.G. (2007). Aqua c Chakraborty, S.K. (1996). Aqua c Poten al Of Mangrove Insects of India a field guide. Small Grant Programme, ATREE, Ecosystem OF Sunderbans, West Bengal, INDIA, Bulle n Bangalore, India Central Inland Capture Fishery Research Ins tute, Pp72-83. Thirumalai, G. (1994). Aqua c and semi-aqua c Hemiptera Chakraborty, P.K.and and Naskar, K.R. (1988). Role of (Insecta) of Tamil Nadu-Dharampuri and Puduko ai districts. mangrove in estuarine fisheries development. Bulle n Central Records Zoological Survey Of India 165:1-45. Inland Capture Fishery Research Ins tute, Barrackpore !7 : Thirumalai, G. (2007). A synop c list of Nepomoirpha 229-33. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from India. Records Zoological Survey Daly, H.V., Doyen, J.T. and Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduc on to Of India, 273, 1-84. insect biology and diversity. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford Yang, C.M. and Ze el, H. (2005). Guide to the Aqua c University Press, Inc. heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. V. Deepa, J. (2010). Checklist of Aqua c Coleoptera of India. ZSI Hydrometridae. Raffles Bulle n Of Zoology,. 53(1):79-97. Checklist at www.zsi.gov.in. Ze el, H. and Ruiz R. B. (2003). Aquarius philippinensis sp.n., a Deepa, J. and C.A.N.Rao (2007). Aqua c Hemiptera of large endemic water strider (Insecta: Heteroptera: Gerridae) Pocharam Lake, Andhra Pradesh. Zoos’ Print journal 22(12): from ancient crater lakesin South Luzon, Philippines. Annalen 2937-39. des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104 B, 195 – 202. Edmondson, C.H. (1946). Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publica on 22: 1-381
Image 1. Aquarius adelaides (Dohrn)
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 5 Image 2. Connexival spines stout and long Image 3. Limnogonus (Limnogonus) nitidus (Mayr)
Image 4. Anterio pronotal lobe with yellow markings Image 5. Diplonychus rusticus, Fabricius
Image 6. Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier & Serville)
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 6
Image 7. Laccotrephus ruber, Linnaeus Image 8. Laccotrephus griseus Guerin-Meneville
Image 9. Mesovelia vittigera Image 10. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy
Image 11. Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy Image 12. H. greeni Apex of Head, Dorsal view
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 7 Preliminary Study on Spider Fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sachin R. Pa l1, S. Sambath1 and Rita Bhandari2 1Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijaynagar, Jabalpur 482 002 2 Government Autonomous Model Science College, Pachpedi, Jabalpur 482 001 1Corresponding author: E-mail: srpa [email protected]
Abstract longitudes. The topography is hilly. According to Dwivedi The present paper is based on the preliminary studies on the (2003) there are two forest types viz. (i) Teak forests and spider fauna of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, District Raisen, (ii) Mixed deciduous forests with Teak (Tectona grandis) Madhya Pradesh, India. Faunis c surveys were undertaken as abundant tree species in the sanctuary. The sanctuary during 2009-2011 and collected over 100 specimens of spider along with other faunal groups which revealed 29 species is fairly well stocked with wildlife typical of the Central belonging to 18 genera under 10 families from various locali es India. in and around the sanctuary, of which, the members of family Araneidae are outnumbering the other spider families and all the species have been recorded for the first me from this sanctuary. Oxyopes chi rae Tikader, Peuce a viridana (Stoliczka), Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus), Telamonia dimidiata (Simon), Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer and Thomisus pooneus Tikader are recorded for the first me from the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Introduc on Spiders are abundant and widespread in almost all ecosystems. It plays a very significant role in the ecology by being one of the exclusive predators of insects including those harmful to human being and help in maintaining ecological equilibrium. The World Spider Catalog includes around 42,751 species under 3,859 Map 1. genera and 110 families (Platnick, 2012). Siliwal et al. (2005) has updated the Indian spider list with 1,442 species under 361 genera and 59 families. Sebas an et al. (2009) described 156 spider species belonging to 145 Materials and Methods genera under 60 families from India. Ramkrishna et al. During the faunis c surveys (April, 2009 - March, 2011) (2006) have also documented faunal resources of all spiders were collected from various locali es in and Na onal Parks of Madhya Pradesh and Chha sgarh, in around the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen district of which 64 spider species are listed, including 16 species Madhya Pradesh by using different collec on methods i. from the Kanha Na onal Park, 27 species from the Pench Ac ve visual search, ii. Plants bea ng with umbrella, and Na onal Park, 29 species from the Satpura Na onal Park iii. Net sweeping. The spiders were found in various and 14 species from Indrava Na onal Park. Recently, habitats like damp places near waterbodies, under Pa l (2011) updated 214 spider species of 68 genera stones, leaf li er, tree barks, logs, on plants, etc. Spider under 22 families known from Madhya Pradesh including collec on and preserva on methodology was based on Chha sgarh. Perusal of literature shows that there is no Tikader (1987). Spiders were preserved in rec fied spirit report on the spider fauna of Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary. with few drops of glycerin in collec on vials. Spiders Based on the faunis c surveys, the present study reveals were studied under LEICA M205A Stereo-zoom 29 species belonging to 18 genera under 10 families from Microscope following standard taxonomic keys provided the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen district, Madhya by Tikader (1980, 1982), Tikader and Malhotra (1980), Pradesh, India. Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocque (2006), Gajbe (2008) and Sebas an et al. (2009). The nomenclature of the Study Area iden fied species is based on Platnick (2012). All the The Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary was no fied and came in iden fied specimens were deposited and registered with to existence in July, 1976 in Bari Tehsil of Raisen district the Na onal Zoological Collec ons of the Zoological of Madhya Pradesh (Map 1). The sanctuary spans over Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Jabalpur, 287.910 sq. kms. and geographically located between 220 M.P. The photographs of the iden fied species have 45’ and 220 55’ N la tudes and 770 15’ and 780 0’ E
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 8 been taken with the help of Digital SLR (Nikon-D70s) The authors are highly grateful to Dr. K. Venkatraman, Director, camera in field condi ons. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for providing facili es and encouragement. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Kailash Chandra Scien st-F & Addi onal Director, Zoological Survey of India, Results and Discussion Kolkata for guidance and encouragement, the Principal Chief In the present finding, 99 spider specimens of (Order: Conservator of Forests, Bhopal for permission for collec on and Araneae) were examined and iden fied from Singhori survey the areas, and to the DFO, Obedullaganj to provide Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen, M.P which resulted into 29 facili es and accommoda on during the surveys. Thanks are species belonging to 18 genera under 10 families (Table also due to Shri. M.E. Limje, Photographer and Shri. Ramdayal Patel, Collec on Tender for assistance during the faunis c 1). Family Araneidae is outnumbering the other families surveys. which represent 35% spider diversity followed by Oxyopidae (17%) along with Lycosidae (10%) and References Thomisidae (10%) (Figure 1). Families Eresidae, Dwivedi, A.P. (2003). Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh. Gnaphosidae, Nephilidae and Sparassidae were Government Prin ng Press, Bhopal: 254pp. represented by single species (Table 1). Abundance of Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. and Jocque, R. (2006). Spider Families Of The World, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Araneids was mainly due to dense forests with adequate Tervuren, 1-336. tree foliage that caters enough prey-base for such typical Gajbe, U. A. (2008). Fauna of India and the adjacent countries, Orb-weaving foliage dweller spider species.
! ! Six species viz. Oxyopes chi rae Tikader, Peuce a Spider (Aracnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae), Zoological Survey of viridana (Stoliczka) (Oxyopidae), Telamonia dimidiata India, Kolkata, Vol.III: 1-117. (Simon) (Sal cidae), Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) Pa l, Sachin R. (2011). Spiders of the States of Madhya Pradesh (Sparassidae), Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer and Chha sgarh (Arachnida: Araneae): Updated checklist 2011, (Tetragnathidae) and Thomisus pooneus Tikader The Indian Forester, 137(10): 1217-1224. Platnick, N. I. (2012). The World Spider Catalog, Version 12.5. (Thomisidae) (Plate 1) are reported as a new record to American Museum of Natural History. h p:// the spider fauna of Madhya Pradesh while all the species research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/ catalog/index.html are documented for the first me from the Singhori (last accessed on 31 January, 2012). Wildlife Sanctuary. Ramakrishna, Chandra, Kailash, Nema, D.K., Ahirwar, S.C. and Alfred, J.R.B. (2006). Faunal Resources of Na onal Parks of Madhya Pradesh and Chha sgarh, Conserva on Area Series, Locality-wise distribu on of species is given in Table 1 Records of Zoological Survey of India, 30: 1-123. and figure 2. Maximum number of spiders (8 spp.) is Sebas an, P.A. and Peter, K. V. (2009). Spiders of India, First found in Purtala island, followed by Bajni, Bamhori and Edi on, Universi es Press, Hyderabad: 1-614. Bhagdehi 5 spp. each, Badi and Sitapur 4 spp. each and 3 Siliwal, M., Molur, S. and Biswas, B. K. (2005). Indian Spiders spp. each from Kartoli and Ratanpur. While Ekyawan, (Arachnida: Araneae): Updated Checklist 2005. Zoos’ Print Jaitgarh, Paudi, Ramgada, Senkua and Siyalwada Journal, 20 (10): 1999-2049. Tikader, B. K. (1980). Fauna of India-Araneae, Family represent 2 spp. each and Barna Dam, Belgaon, Mugeha, Thomisidae (Crab-spiders), Zoological Survey of India, Culcu a, Peepalwadi, Rajgha and Sukad are represented with 1 Vol. I (1): 1-247. sp. the least amongst all locali es. Hence, extensive Tikader, B. K. (1982). Fauna of India-Araneae: Spiders, Family faunis c surveys will help in understanding spider Araneidae & Gnaphosidae, Zoological Survey of India, Culcu a, diversity in the sanctuary. Vol. II (1 & 2): 536pp. Tikader, B. K. (1987). Handbook: Indian Spiders (Anon. Ed.). Zoological Survey of India, Calcu a, 251 pp. Acknowledgements Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 9 Tikader, B. K. and M. S. Malhotra (1980). Fauna of India- Araneae, Family Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders), Zoological Survey of India, Culcu a, Vol. I (2): 248-447.
Table 1: Checklist of Spiders of the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh
Scientific name Habit Locality Specimens Family: Araneidae Simon, 1895 Argiope aemula (Walckenaer, 1842) Foliage Orb Weaver Bajni, Ratanpur 2F Cyclosa hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 Foliage Orb Weaver Bamhori 1F Neoscona chrysanthusi Tikader & Bal, 1981 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 1980 Foliage Orb Weaver Ekyawan, Mugeha 2F Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) Foliage Orb Weaver Badi 1F Neoscona odites (Simon, 1906) Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Neoscona sinhagadensis (Tikader, 1975) Foliage Orb Weaver Rajghati 1M Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1842) Foliage Orb Weaver Sitapur, Purtala Island 1F, 1M Zygeilla indica Tikader & Bal, 1980 Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island 1F Family: Eresidae C.L. Koch, 1851 Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch, 1891 Colonial Foliage Weaver Jaithgarh 18F Family: Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898 Scopoides maitraiae (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) Ground Hunter Bajni 1F Family: Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 Lycosa poonaensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Ground Hunter Ramgada, Ratanpur 2F Bhagdehi , Bamhori, Paudi, Pardosa amkhasensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1976 Ground Hunter 7F Peepalwadi Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand,1906) Ground Hunter Belgaon 1F Family: Nephilidae Simon, 1894 Bhagdehi, Senkua, Sitapur, Nephila pilipes (Fabricius, 1793) Foliage Orb Weaver 10F, 1M Siyalwada, Sukad, Purtala Island Family: Oxyopidae Thorell, 1870 Oxyopes ashae Gajbe, 1999 Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni, Bamhori, Bhagdehi 7F Oxyopes chittrae Tikader, 1965 Foliage Hunter Kartoli 1F Oxyopes pankaji Gajbe & Gajbe, 2001 Foliage Hunter Bhagdehi 1F, 1M Oxyopes shweta Tikader, 1970 Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni, Sitapur 3F, 1M Peucetia viridana (Stoliczka, 1869) Foliage Hunter Kartoli 1F Family: Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) Ground Hunter Bamhori 3F Telamonia dimidiata (Simon, 1899) Foliage Hunter Badi, Bajni 4F, 1M Family: Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767) Foliage Hunter Bamhori, Kartoli 3F Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, 1864) Foliage Orb Weaver Purtala Island, Sitapur, Siyalwada, 4F, 1M Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1842 Foliage Weaver Ekyawan, Purtala Island, Ratanpur 5F, 4M Family: Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Lysiteles brunettii (Tikader, 1962) Foliage Hunter Bhagdehi, Paudi, Ramgada, Senkua 4F Thomisus pooneus Tikader, 1965 Foliage Hunter Jaithgarh 1F Thomisus projectus Tikader, 1960 Foliage Hunter Barna Dam 1F
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 10 Plate I. Some Spiders of the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen
Image 1. Female of Oxyopes chittrae Tikader (Family Image 2 Female of Peucetia viridana (Stoliczka) Oxyopidae) Tikader (Family Oxyopidae)
Image 3. Female of Telamonia dimidiata (Simon) (Family Image 4. Female of Thomisus pooneus (Tikader) Salticidae) (Family Thomisidae)
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 11 Checklist of Dermaptera from U arakhand State
V.D. Hegde and B. Lal Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700 053 Corresponding author: [email protected]
U arakhand is a state located in northern part of India Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Mussoorie; Himachal and it was separated from the state of U ar Pradesh in Pradesh, Simla. 2000. Earlier it was named as U aranchal and officially Elsewhere: China. changed from U aranchal to U arakhand in 2007. The state shares the interna onal boundary with China and Haplodiplatys brancuccii Srivastava, 1983 Nepal on north and east respec vely and state boundary 1983. Haplodiplatys brancuccii Srivastava, Ent. with Himachal Pradesh and U ar Pradesh in the west Basiliensia, 8: 39 (Male; India: and south respec vely. The state is well known for snow U arakhand, Gangani). peaks, glaciers, rivers and mountains. The U arakhand Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Gangani. state geologically represents Himalayas and shallow Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. valleys. Due to its varied topography U arakhand has diversified climate. Ecologically, the U arakhand state Haplodyplatys rufescens (Kirby, 1986) represents a unique ecosystem in India. The hills with 1986. Cylindrogaster rufescens Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool), varied physiography and clima c condi ons, possess a 25: 524, Pl. 20, fig. 2. (Male) very rich faunal diversity. Even though there are several Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand and Himachal Pradesh studies on the fauna of U arakhand by different research (all along the Himalayas). workers no comprehensive report has been published Elsewhere: Nepal, Myanmar and Bhutan. on the Dermaptera fauna of this state. Hence an a empt has been made to bring out the checklist of Dermaptera Subfamily: Echinosoma nae from U arakhand state. As per record available in the Genus: Echinosoma Serville literature, 52 species (7 species of Pygidicranoidea, 13 Echinosoma parvulum Dohrn, 1863 species of Anisolaboidea and 32 species of Forficuloidea) 1863. Echinosoma parvulum Dohrn, Ste n, ent. Ztg., 24: have been reported from different parts of U arakhand 66 (female: Ceylon). state which indicates a good biological diversity of Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Dehradun, Lachiwala western Himalayan ecosystem in India and cons tutes (FRI); Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. about 1/6th of the total species found in India. While Elsewhere: Sri Lanka and Vietnam. preparing the checklist only original reference were taken into considera on. Echinosoma den ferum Borelli, 1912 1912. Echinosoma den ferum Borelli, Bull.Mus. Hist. nat. Super Family: Pygidicranoidea Paris, 18(4): 223 (Male; Bhutan). Family: Pygidicranidae Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Dehradun (FRI); Subfamily: Diplatyinae Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal. Genus: Diplatys Serville Elsewhere: Bhutan. Diplatys adjacens Hincks, 1955 1955. Diplatys adjacens Hincks, Syst. Mono. Super Family Anisolaboidea Dermaptera, 1: 110. ( Male, female; India: Family: Anisolabididae Madhya Pradesh: Chikalda, Berars; U arakhand: West Subfamily: Isolaboidinae Almora, Div. Kumaon). Genus: Isolaboides Hincks, 1958 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand and Madhya Pradesh. Isolaboides rimosus Steinmann, 1983 Elsewhere: Not yet reported. 1983. Isolaboidesrimosus Steinmann, Revue Suisse zool., Genus: Haplodiplatys Hincks 90(3): 251, figs. 7-8 (Male; India) Haplodiplaty niger Hincks, 1955 U arakhand, Garhwal, Dhanol , 6 k.m. East, 2300m). 1955. Haplodiplatys niger Hincks, Syst. Mono. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Garhwal. Dermaptera, 1: 18 (Male; India: Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. U arakhand, Haldwani) Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Kumaon Hills. Subfamily: Anisolabidinae Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Genus: Euborellia Burr, 1909 Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847) Haplodiplatys chinensis (Hincks, 1954) 1847. Forficesila annulipes Lucas, Annls. Soc. ent. Fr., 5 1954. Diplatys chinensis Hincks, Syst. Mono. (2) : 84 (Type female; France Introduced). Dermaptera , 1: 69, figs. 68-69 (Male: China: Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Dehradun and Tons Szechwan Ben, Luh. Din., 30 m. N. Chengtu 6000 .) Valley; Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, 1974. Hoplodyplatys chinensis: Steinmann, Acta. Zool. Maharashtra, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Tripura, Acad. Sci. Hung., 20(1-2): 204. Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Assam and Andaman Islands.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 12 Elsewhere: Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Labidura dharchulensis Gangola, 1968 Myanmar, China and Sri Lanka. 1968. Labidura dharchulensis Gangola, Entomologist, 101: 59, figs. 6-11 (Male, female; India: U arakhand, Euborellia femoralis (Dohrn, 1863) Pithoragarh district, Dharchula, 915 m.) 1863. Labidura femoralisDohrn, Ste n. Ent. Ztg., 24: 321 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Pithoragarh, Dharchula. (Female; Ceylon). Elsewhere: Not yet reported. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Nainital. Remarks: On the basis of the original descrip on and Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. figures, this species agrees with smaller forms of Labidura riparia (Pallas). Euborellia kumaonensis Gangola, 1968 1968: Euborellia kumaonensis Gangola, Entomologist, Forcipula quadrispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) 101: 55, figs 1-4 (Male; India: U arakhand, Nainital 1863. Labidura quadrispinosa Dohrn, Ste n. Ent. Ztg., district). 24: 311 (♂; Tranquebar, India and Sri Lanka) Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Nainital. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (All over India below Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 3000 . in Himalayas). Remark: Since the male genitalia of this species has not Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, South China, been described by the author, the taxonomic status of Thailand, Indo-China, Philippines Island, and Mauri us. this species is doub ul. Ent. Ztg., 24: 310 (Male; India Oriental) Euborellia askotensisGangola, 1968 Forcipula trispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) 1968. Euborelliaaskotensis Gangola, Entomologist, 101: 1863 Labidura trispinosa Dohrn, Ste n. ent. Ztg., 24:310 55, (Male; India: U arakhand, Pithoragarh district). (Male; India Oriental). Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Pithoragarh. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun, Kumaon Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. and Garhwal Hills), Assam, Meghalaya (all along the Remark: The taxonomic status of this species is doub ul Himalayas), Andaman Islands and West Bengal. since the shape of the parameres of this species does not Elsewhere: Pakistan, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Nepal. match with the members of genus Euborellia. Forcipula lurida Bolivar, 1897 Family Labiduridae 1897. Forcipula quadrispinosa var. lurida Bolivar, Annls. Subfamily: Nalinae Soc. ent. Fr., 66: 283 (Male; Madras Presidency, India). Genus: Nala Zacher,1910 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Garhwal Hills), Bihar, Nala lividipes (Dufour, 1820) Assam and Tamil Nadu. 1820. Forficula pallipes Dufour, Ann Gener des Phys.de Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. Bruxelles, 4: 316, pl.116, figs. 7, 7a and 7b (Male, Female; Lower Catalonia, Spain-Loca on of Type Forcipula indica Brindle, 1966 unknown). 1910. Forcipula pugnax Burr (nec Kirby), Fauna of Bri sh Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun district), India, Dermaptera: 93, pl. 3, fig. 27. West Bengal, U ar Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Jammu Holotype in Bri sh Museum (Natural History), London). and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun district, Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Garhwal Hills) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Sikkim. Nala nepalensis (Burr, 1907) Elsewhere: Nepal and Bhutan. 1907. Forficula nepalensis Burr, Rec. India Mus., 1: 208 (Male, female; Nepal, Soondrijal and Pharping). Super Family: Forficuloidea Family: Spongiphoridae Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun, Pithoragarh Subfamily: Homotaginae and Nainital districts), Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Genus: Homotages Burr, 1909 Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Homotages feae (Bormans, 1888) West Bengal, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim. 1888. Anechura feae Bormans, Ann. Mus. Stor. Elsewhere: Bhutan, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan Nat.Genova, 6(2): 445, figs. 4-7 (1 male Thagota and Malayasia. (Tennaserium). Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Kumaon and Garhwal Subfamily: Labidurinae Hills) Meghalaya, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh and Genus: Labidura Leach, 1815 Sikkim. Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773) Elsewhere: Myanmar, Vietnam and Nepal. 1773. Forficula riparia Pallas, Reise Russ, Reichs, 2 : 727 (Shores ofIrtysch River, Western Siberia). Genus: Chaetospania Karsch 1866 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand and West Bengal Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj (Cosmopolitan – ranging from sea shore to mountains). and Banerjee, 1971 Elsewhere: Worldwide: Most common in tropical parts of the world.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 13 1971 Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj Subfamily: Chelisochinae and Banerjee, Bull. Ent. 12(1): 31, figs. 5-6 (Holotype Genus: Hamaxas Burr, 1904 male, Paratype 3 females; India: Chakrata range, Hamaxas melanocephalus (Dohrn, 1865) Haldwani, U.P.) 1865. Lobophora melanocephalus Dohrn, Ste n ent. Distribu on: India: U arakhand: Chakrata Range, Ztg., 26: 75. (Male, female ; India: Tranquebar). Haldwani. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun district), Karnataka, Tripura, Puducherry and Assam. Subfamily: Irdexinae Srivastava, 1985 Genus: Irdex Burr, 1911 Hamaxas bidentatus Ramamurthi, 1965 Irdex ni dipennis (Bormans, 1894) 1965. Hamaxas bidentatus Ramamurthi, Ann. Mag. 1894. Spongophora ni dipennis; Bormans, Annali Mus. nat.Hist., 8(13): 62. Figs. 11-12 (Male; Hospet) Civ. Stor. Nat. Giacomo Doria, 14(2): 382. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Dehradun; Karnataka, Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Pauri - Garhwal; Tripura, Puducherry, Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim and Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Arunachal Pradesh. . Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Indo-China, Bhutan, Subfamily: Opisthocosmiinae Thailand and Hainan Island. Genus: Hypurgus Burr, 1907 Hypurgus humeralis (Kirby, 1891) Subfamily: Labiinae Burr, 1911 1891.Opisthocosmia humeralis Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool). Genus: Chaetospania Karsch, 1886 23: 532. (Female, Sri Lanka). Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis; Kapoor, Bharadwaj Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun, Rishikesh), and Banerjee 1971 Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Andaman 1971. Chaetospania lakhanmandiensis; Kapoor, and Nicobar Island, Kerala, Odisha and West Bengal. Bharadwaj and Banerjee, Bull. Ent. 12(1): 31, figs. Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, Borneo, Thailand, Vietnam, 5-6. (Holotype male, Paratypes 3 Male; India: Chakrata Nepal and Sri Lanka. Range, Haldwani, U arakhand). Genus: Timomenus burr, 1907 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Chakrata range, Timomenus lugens (Bormans, 1894) Haldwani. 1894. Opisthocosmisa lugens Bormans, Annali Mus. Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Civ.stor. nat. GiacomoDoria,14(2) : 398. (2 Males, 1 female; Myanmar: Carin Cheba) Genus: Labia Leach, 1815 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Garhwal district), Labia minor (Lineaus, 1758) Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West 1758. Forficula minor Linnaeus, Systema naturae, 10th Bengal and Sikkim. Ed., 1: 423. Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun, Garhwal Indonesia. and Kumaon Hills) Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Philippine Islands, Africa, Genus: Eparchus Burr, 1907 N. America, Europe and Nepal. Eparchus insignis (Haan, 1842) 1842. Forficula insignis Haan, Verh. Nat. Ges. Nederl. Labia Phanduwalensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Banerjee, Overg. Bezi .,: 243, pl 23, fig.15. (Male, female; Java) 1971. Distribu on: INDIA: U atrakhand (Kumaon Hills), Assam, 1971. Labia Phanduwalensis Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Karnataka, Banerjee, Bull. Ent., 12(1) : 30. Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Sikkim. Fig. 3-4 (Male, female: Dehradun, Phanduwala). Elsewhere: Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Nepal and China. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Dehradun; Meghalaya, West Bengal, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Eparchus simplex (Bormans, 1894) U ar Pradesh and Assam. 1894. Opisthocosmia simplex Bormans, Annali Mus. Civ. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka, Philippine Island, Thailand, Stor. Nat. GiacomoDoria, 14(2); 396. Bangladesh, Vietnam and Myanmar. (6 Males, 2 females; Birmania: Carin Asciuii- Ghecu) Distribu on: INDIA: U atrakhand (Kumaon Hills), Assam, Genus Proreus Burr, 1907 Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Manipur Proreus cha erjeei Kapoor, Bharadwaj and Banerjee and Sikkim. 1971. Elsewhere: Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and 1971. Proreus cha erjeei Kapoor, Bharadwaj and China. Banerjee, Bull. Ent., 12 : 33, Fig.7-8. (male, female; Dehradun). Subfamily: Allodahliinae Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Dehradun-Kaunli Genus Allodahlia Verhoeff, 1902 garden. Allodahlia scabriuscula (Serville, 1839) Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 1839. Forficula scabriuscula Serville, Hist. nat. Orth., 1839: 38. (Female Holotype; Amerique meridionale). Family: Chelisochidae
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 14 Distribu on: India: U arakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, 1865. Forficula metallica Dohrn, Ste . Ent. Zeit.26: 90. Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya. (Male, female; India orientali: Assam). Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun, Nainital), Indonesia, Philippines Islands and Taiwan. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh and Sikkim. Allodahlia macropyga (Westwood, 1836) Elsewhere: Nepal, China, Myanmar and Vietnam. 1836. Forficulamacropyga Westwood, in Royale, Illst. Himalayas, 2: liii. (Male, Holotype; Genus Pterygida Verhoeff, 1902 Himalaya). Pterygida temora (Burr, 1904) Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Dehradun Dist, 1904. Opisthocosmia temora Burr, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., Mussoorie); Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, 1904: 312. (Male; India Borealis: Darjeeling). Arunachal Pradesh, Assam. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Kumaon hills; West Elsewhere: Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan and South China. Bengal, and Sikkim. Elsewhere: China and Indonesia. Allodahlia dineshi Gangola,1965 1965. Allodahlia dineshi Gangola, Entomologists, 98: 235, Family: Forficulidae figs. 18-21. (Holotype Male; India: Kumaon Hills, Nainital) Subfamily: Forficulinae Burr, 1907 Distribu on: India: U arakhand: Kumaon hills, Sukhtal, Genus: Elaunon Burr, 1907 Dehradun Dist., Mussoori; and Arunachal Pradesh. Elaunon bipar tus Kirby, 1891 Elsewhere: Not yet Recorded. 1891. Sphingolabis bipar ta Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 23: 526 (♂♀; India). Allodahlia coriacea Bormans, 1894 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Kumaon hills, Nainital, 1894. AnechuracoriaceaBormans, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. Dehradun and Almora), Assam, Himachal Pradesh, nat. Giacomo Doria, 14 (2): 403 (Holotype Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Manipur. Male; Myanmar: Carin Cheba). Elsewhere: Nepal, Myanmar, China, Laos, Indonesia, Sri Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Kumaon Hills; Himachal Lanka, Vietnam, Philippine islands, Taiwan, New Guinea Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and and Australia. Sikkim. Elsewhere: Myanmar, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Elaunon gangoli Gangola, 1965 Philippines Islands. 1965. Elaunon gangoli Gangola, Entomologist, 98: p.231, figs. 12-16 (Holotype Male, Almora; Paratype 1 male, Genus Anechura Scudder, Pithoragarh dist.). Anechuran stoliczkae Burr, 1911 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Pithoragarh and 1911. Anechura stoliczkae Burr, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (NS), Almora districts. 7: 792. (2 males, 3 females; North India: Upper Sutlej Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. dist., Bashahar). Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Genus: Forficula Linnaeus, 1758 Kashmir. Forficula splendida Bey-Bienko, 1933 Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan (all along the Himalaya) and 1933. Forficula splendid Bey-Bienko, Ark. Zool. 25 A (20): China. 7, pl. 4 (2 males, 3 females, China). Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Pauri-Garhwal) and Anechura filchneri (Burr, 1907) Arunachal Pradesh 1907. Odontopsalis f ilchneri Burr, Dermaptera Elsewhere: China. (Hexapoda): 58, pl.3, fig.8. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Kumaon and Garwal Forficula cristata Srivastava, 1982 hills. 1982. Forficula cristata Srivastava, Ent. Basiliensia, 7: 72, Elsewhere: China. figs. 16-23. (Holotype Male; India: W.B. Darjeeling dist.) Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Kumaon hills and Anechura zubovskii Semenov, 1901 Nainital districts) and West Bengal. 1901. Anechura zubovskii Semenov, Horae Soc. ent. Res., Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. 35: 188. (males, females; Himalaya, Occid, Ladak: Vallis fluvii Drass). Forficula interrogans Burr, 1905 Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Chamoli and 1905. Forficula interrogans Burr, Ent. Mon. Mag., (2) No. Pithoragarh districts), Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and 184: 85. (Type male; India, W.B. Darjeeling dist.) Kashmir. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Nainital and Kumaon Elsewhere: China, Afghanistan, Pakistan. hills), West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. Elsewhere: China. Subfamily: Eudohrninae Genus: Eudohrnia Burr, 1907 Forficula beelzebub (Burr, 1900) Eudohrnia metallica (Dohrn 1865)
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 15 1900. Chelisoches beelzebub Burr, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Myanmar and China. 64 : 51(1 Male; India: Kurseong). Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand (Joshimath, Dehradun Forficula aske Purohit, Julka and Lal, 1985 and Mussoorie); Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, 1985. Forficula aske Purohit, Julka and Lal, Bull. Zool. Manipur, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh Surv. India,7(2-3): 165, figs. 1-3, (Holotype male, and Meghalaya. Paratype 1 male; India: H.P. Sirmour dist.) Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, South Africa, Nepal and Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Bhutan. Elsewhere: Not yet recorded.
Forficula kumaoniensis Kapoor,1973. Acknowledgments 1973. Forficula kumaoniensis Kapoor, Entomologist`s We are very much indebted to the Dr K. Venkataraman, mon. Mag. 109: 57, figs. 1-4. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for facili es. We Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Kumaon Hills, Almora. are also thankful to Dr. G.K. Srivastava, Retd. Scien st, ZSI for Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. his valuable sugges on during the prepara on of the check- list. Forficula planicollis Kirby, 1891 1891. Forficula planicollis Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. References: 23: 256, (Female, North India) Brindle, A. 1987. New Dermaptera records from Nepal with the Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand: Mandoli, Sitapuri, descrip on of new species and review of the Himalayan fauna Garhwal; Sikkim, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh. (Insecta), Courier Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg, 93: 331-351. Meghalaya and West Bengal. Burr, M. 1913. Indian Dermaptera collected by Dr. A. D. Imms. Elsewhere: Myanmar, Nepal, Myanmar, China and J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., (N.S.) 9: 183-187. Bhutan. Burr, M. 1915. On the male genital armature of the Dermaptera. Part II. Psalidae. J.R. micr. Soc., 1915: 521-546, pls. Forficula lucasi Dohrn, 1965 10-12, figs. 58-64. Srivastava, G.K. 1969. On a new genus of Dermaptera from 1865. Forficula lucasi Dohrn, Ste . Ent. Zeit., 26 : 98 India. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var., 81: 246-248. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Kumaon Hills. Srivastava, G.K. 1979. Notes on a collec on of Dermaptera Elsewhere: Myanmar, Syria, Iran, Arabia, Egypt and from Manipur( India ) with the descrip on of two new species. Sahara. J. zool. Soc. India., 27 (1-2) (1975) : 101- 111. Remark: Doub ul species. Srivastava, G.K. 1992. Studies on some material of Dermaptera from Himachal Pradesh, India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 91 (1): Forficula schlagintwei (Burr, 1904) 111-125. 1904. Forficula schlagintwei Burr, Trans. ent. Soc. Srivastava, G.K. 1993. Notes on the species of Aborolabis Lond.,: 314. (1 Male; Tibet; India Borealis: Darjeeling). srivastava (Insecta: Dermaptera) from the Indian subcon nent. Distribu on: INDIA: U arakhand, Pipalko ; Sikkim, Rec. zool. Surv. India, 90 (1-4) (1992): 23-25. Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh Srivastava, G.K. 1995. State Fauna series 4: Fauna of and West Bengal. Meghalaya : part 3: 291-352.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 16 Observa ons on Lasiommata menava (Moore, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and Aglais caschmirensis (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) a racted to light at Kalatop and Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh, India
Avtar Kaur Sidhu High Al tude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Saproon, Solan 173 211, H.P. [email protected]
The most diverse order of insects and primarily Himachal Pradesh. The main forest types are subalpine associated with angiosperm plants, is Lepidoptera which forests and subtropical broad leaved hill forests, alpine comprises moths (approximately 1,75,000 species) and moist pastures consis ng of patches of coniferous and bu erflies (17,900 species). Most of the moths are oak forests, the main tree types being Ban Oak (Quercus nocturnal in nature and bu erflies are diurnal except a incana) and Cedar (Cedrus deodara). The temperature of few species of subfamily satyrinae which are also ac ve this area varies from -100 C in extreme winters to 310 C at dusk me. The most favourite method to collect during summers and has a temperate climate. During moths is on a light source a er dusk me, which includes present observa ons, two species viz., nymphalid Aglais especially designed light traps. However a few species of caschmirensis and satyrid Lasiommata menava are bu erflies which are otherwise diurnal in nature have recorded on light source. also been reported to be a racted towards light sources at night. From me to me such records have been Material and Methods published by many scien sts from the world over. From The observa ons were made in both Chail and Kalatop India, there are various records which includes (Best, Wildlife Sanctuaries using light trap, the la er consists of 1951, 1956), Usman, (1956), Donahue (1962), Shull a funnel, fi ed with baffle plates. The source of light (160 (1963,1964), Heitzman (1965), Nadkerny and Shull Wa mercury vapour lamp) is fi ed in the centre of the (1967), Sharma and Chaturvedi (1999, 2005), and Nair funnel. A white co on sheet is spread against the light (2001). Chowdhury and Soren (2011) reviewed the light source to observe the species. The observa ons were a racted bu erflies from the Indian region which made during the months of May/July and August/ includes 30 species (27 species from reviewed papers September, 2010-2012. The basic idea was to observe and 03 they recorded). It represents all bu erfly moth species coming on light, as these are nocturnal in families, the largest number of species belongs to family nature. Nymphalidae (10 species). All the previous papers on light a racted bu erflies observed on ar ficial light Results and discussion source are from south, eastern and central India In India, the species Aglais caschmirensis is commonly including the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, found in the Himalaya where the distribu on of Gujarat, West Bengal and the capital of India, New Delhi. Lasiommata menava is restricted to the North-West During the present observa ons, Lasiommata menava Himalayan ecosystem. Wynter-Blyth (1957) quoted (commonly called as the Dark Wall) and Aglais Aglais caschmirensis as a day flying species, lover of caschmirensis, (commonly called as the Indian sunshine and fond of basking whereas the habits of Tortoiseshell) have been recorded on moth light trap Lasiommata menava has not been recorded. During using 160 wa mercury vapour lamp in Chail Wildlife present studies, surveys have been undertaken in Sanctuary and Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary from 20-24 May, 2010 and Pradesh. The Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, Chail, is located at 06-10 September, 2011, and local surveys in Chail 300 58’ 15” N, 770 13’ 58” E, comes under two districts Wildlife Sanctuary in the months of July-August, 2011, (Solan and Shimla) of Himachal Pradesh. It has mixed under two projects of Zoological Survey of India on Himalayan subtropical pine forest, Ban Oak forest and faunal diversity of these sanctuaries. In present studies it Moru Oak forest, with the dominant species being Ban has been observed that the former species is common in Oak (Quercus incana) mixed with Chir Pine (Pinus both the wildlife sanctuaries, present during the day me roxburghii) and Cedar (Cedrus deodara). The average from 09.00 am to 2.00 pm and have been seen basking as al tude of the sanctuary is 2000 m ASL and the climate well as mud-puddling individually during day me. The of the area is temperate with temperature varies from species Lasiommata menava is not common in both the -40 Celsius in winter to 340 Celsius in summer. Whereas, sanctuaries, present during the day me from 10.30 am the Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalatop-Khijjar lies at 320 to 4.00 pm, and were seen basking as well as mud- 33’ 36” N, 76 0 01’11” E, is located in district Chamba of puddling individually during day me. The light trap was
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 17 set daily at night to observe the moth diversity in both confirms its crepuscular nature. However, as far as the sanctuaries. However it also a racted two bu erfly season is concerned, during present observa ons both species. During present observa ons (2010-2011), the species have been found to be a racted towards Lasiommata menava, the Dark Wall and Aglais light equally in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post- caschmirensis, the Indian Tortoiseshell have been monsoon periods which tenta vely infer that the recorded to be a racted to light at night at Kalatop and monsoon are not much related to the behaviour of Chail Wildlife Sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh from bu erflies towards a rac on to light. North West Himalaya. The observa ons made by the present authors are given in Table-1. The presently Acknowledgments observed two species are new addi ons to Indian The author is grateful to Dr. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological bu erflies recorded on light source besides it is first Survey of India, Kolkata for providing necessary facili es and record of this phenomena from these sanctuaries as well the encouragement. as state of Himachal Pradesh, as no bu erflies on light source have been recorded from here. References Best, A.E.G. (1951). The Bu erflies of Bombay and Salse e. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 50(2): 331– 339. All the species were observed as single individuals light Best, A.E.G. (1956). Further Notes and Addi ons to the list of trap, however on a single night on 24.5.2010 at Kalatop Bu erflies from Bombay and Salse e. Journal of the Bombay Wildlife Sanctuary, 3 examples of Lasiommata menava Natural History Society 54(1): 215–216. were observed on the light trap. Donahue (1962) stated Donahue, J.P. (1962). Observa ons and records of bu erflies that crepuscular species are a racted more frequently to a racted to light in India. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 16(12): 131–135. ar ficial lights and this light a rac on among bu erflies Heitzman, R. (1965). More observa ons on the a rac on of has been found to be inclined more in the monsoon diurnal lepidoptera to light. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ season (June–October) in the Indian sub-region Society 19(3): 179–180. (Soumyajit and Soren, 2011). A bu erfly may fly at light if Nadkerny, N.T. & E.M. Shull (1968). Insects a racted to light in it is disturbed at night and is near the light in the first the dangs, south Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural place (Throne, 1961) and large percentage of the History Society 65(3): 800. Nair, V.P. (2001). Bu erflies a racted to light at Aralam specimens collected at light were startled from their Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. Zoos’ Print Journal 16(12): 670. res ng places in nearby trees or bushes by the collector Schowalter, T.D. (2006). Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem or some larger insects a racted towards light however Approach—2nd Edi on. Academic Press Publica ons, USA, the occasional incidents were reported where specimens 574pp. were drawn from a considerable distance (Heitzman, Sharma, R.M. & N. Chaturvedi (2005). Addi ons to the light a racted bu erflies. Journal of the Bombay Natural History 1965). Approaching the light source, many of bu erflies Society 102(1): 129. tend to se le near the light (Donahue, loc.cit.; Soumyajit Sharma, R.M. & N. Chaturvedi (1999). Black Rajah Charaxes and Soren, loc. cit.). During present observa ons it has fabius a racted to light at Tadoba Na onal Park. Journal of the been recorded that Lasiommata menava visit light Bombay Natural History Society 96(1): 168–169. source more frequently than Aglais caschmirensis Soumyajit, C. and R. Soren (2011). Light a racted bu erflies: although in numbers during day it is less abundant than a review from the Indian sub-region with an inventory from West Bengal, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(6): 1868– the la er species. The day ac vity of the former species 1871. has also been observed up to 04.00 pm. On the basis of Shull, E.M. (1964). Bu erflies a racted to light in Gujarat State, present observa ons it is suggested that Lasiommata India. Journal of the Lepidoperists’ Society 18(30): 159–163. menava may have crepuscular habit where as the Shull, E.M. & N.T. Nadkerny (1967). Insects a racted to a rac on of Aglais caschmirensis to light source is mercury vapour lamp in the Surat Dangs, Gujarat State. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 64 (2): 256–266. perhaps due to disturbance factors. Further it has also Throne, A.L. (1961). Lycaenopsis pseudargiolus in light trap. been observed in the field that the species Lasiommata Journal of Lepidopterists’ Society 14: 242. menava come to light at about 07:30 pm and remain Usman, S. (1956). Some insects a racted to light—Part III. near the light source up to dawn me which further Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 53(3): 482–484.
Table 1. Species observed on 160 Watt mercury vapour lamp Species observed Season/ Number of examples observed Place Altitude
Lasiommata menava 20-24 May, 2010 (07 exs.); 06-10 Sep, 2011 (05 exs.) Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalatop-Khijjar, District 2375 m ASL Aglais caschmirensis 20-24 May, 2010 (01 ex.); 06-10 Sep, 2011(nil ex.) Chamba, Himachal Pradesh Lasiommata menava 19, July (03 exs) & 20, August, 2011(02 exs Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, district Shimla and Solan, 2000m ASL Himachal Pradesh Aglais caschmirensis 19, July (01 ex) & 20, August, 2011(02 exs)
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 18 Lasiommata menava observed during day time at Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary
Lasiommata menava attracted to light at night at Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 19 A eva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Ypomomeu d): A serious pest of Ailanthus excelsa in forest nurseries and planta ons of Rajasthan
Seema Kumar and Sanjay Paunikar1 Arid Forest Research Ins tute, Jodhpur -342 005, Rajasthan 1Forest Entomology Division, Tropical Forest Research Ins tute, Jabalpur 482021, M.P. Email- [email protected]; [email protected]
Ailanthus excelsa commonly, known as ardu is a have been studied by Verma (1991). On account of high deciduous fast growing tree widely distributed in India reproduc ve poten al and short life cycle it mul ples to from moist to semi-arid regions with annual rainfall amazing numbers resul ng in outbreaks. One such ranging from 500- 1900 mm. It is a strong light demander outbreak was first me recorded in October 1997 at the and avoids waterlogged areas or clayey soils with poor nursery of Arid Forest Research Ins tute, Jodhpur, which drainage. The tree a ains a height of 18-25 m and girth resulted in complete defolia on of ardu seedlings and 25 of 2.5 m and has a cylindrical bole. It coppices well and to 30% mortality. The outbreak was first me also produces root suckers. It grows well in associa on with recorded from November 1997 to February 1998 in 1-2 Babul, Neem, Khejri, Kair etc. In Rajasthan it is spread in year planta on at AFRI, Jodhpur and 1 year planta on at dry tracts of Banswara, Barmer, Jodhpur, Tiwari, Churu, Rohit, as well as very old roadside planta ons in and Sirohi and Mt. Abu. It is being adopted as a suitable around Jodhpur. It resulted into 5-10% mortality of 1-2 species for plan ng in dry areas of Rajasthan and also years old plants and complete defolia on of old trees. In popularized under social forestry programmes. The tree the month of February the larvae feed on inflorescence is lopped for fodder and the leaves are rated as highly and seeds as well. palatable and rich in protein. The leaves are also used for preparing lo ons for scabies and bark is bi er and has SYSTEMIC ACCOUNT medicinal value. It is used in diseases like dysentery, Class: Insecta bronchi s, asthama, dyspepsia and earache. The bark is Order: Lepidoptera also u lized in indigenous veterinary prac ces. Family: Yponomeu dae Quassinoids and ailan c acid are isolated from bark Genus: A eva (Anon., 1994). The wood is used for packing cases, fishing Species: fabriciella Swederus floats, sword sheath, match wood boxes and match Diagnos c features: Adult- Moth is medium size, length splints, toys and pulp for paper industry. 14-16 mm. elongated with a wingspan of about 20 mm. A number of insects are known to feed on Ailanthus Forewings are golden brown with white circular patches; (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954; Mishra & Pandey, 1966; hindwing orangish brown and membranous. Abdomen Cha erjee & Sen Sarma, 1968; Cha erjee et al., 1969; almost orangish brown with ventral surface having white Mathur et al., 1970; Misra, 1978; Varma, 1986, 1991). Of transverse spots. them A eva fabricella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Larvae: Fi h larval instar is 20-25 mm in length, greenish Yponomeu dae) and Eligma narcissus indica Roth. grey with pale longitudinal stripes and sca ered short (Lepidotpera: Noctuidae) are the major pests in India. hairs arising from small whi sh warts. The mature larvae Out of these two the major biological threats in raising secrete a loose cocoon and pupates. healthy Ailanthus excelsa seedlings in Rajasthan is Pupae: The pupae is slender, boat shaped, yellowish- Ailanthus webworm A eva fabriciella Swederus brown to orangish-brown in colour. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeu dae). This shoot webber has Distribu on: India: Maharashtra, West Bengal, Madhya been reported to cause economic losses in Maharashtra, Pradesh, Jaipur (Rajasthan), U ar Pradesh, Ahmedabad Madhya Pradesh, U ar Pradesh and Kerala (Verma, (Gujarat), Karnataka and Kerala. 1991). Basic informa on on the biology and morphology is provided by Fletcher (1914), Beeson (1941) and Food plants: Ailanthus excelsa, A. grandis Mathur (1957, 1961). More recently the external morphology and dis nguishing characters of male and Nature of damage: The larvae of A eva fabriciella feeds female pupae have been described by Singh and Sharma on the tender leaves and other so ssues of the plant. (1979). Inves ga on on the biology and ecology of this Con nuous feeding by the larvae results in the forma on pest were carried out by Mishra and Pandey (1966) in of a web like mass in which the larvae gets trapped and U ar Pradesh and by Mathur et al., (1970) in Madhya con nuous feeding. The number of larvae in a web varies Pradesh. Seasonal occurrence and possible, distribu on from 2-13. In the case of severe infesta on groups of pa ern and impact of A. fabriciella feeding on Ailanthus such webs are observed. In case of infesta on of old
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 20 trees the larvae also feeds on the inflorescence and the parasite Brachmeria nephan as (Hymenoptera : tender fruits entangling them in a web. Chalcidae) are the most prominent. Of the three Economic importance: It is a serious pest resul ng in Brachymeria nephan asis is the most effec ve in this complete defolia on of young seedlings and planta ons. region. It also feeds on the inflorescence and seeds thereby inhibi ng seed forma on and healthy growth. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Director, Arid Forest Research Integrated control measures Ins tute, Jodhpur for encouragement and providing necessary 1. Monocultures should be avoided as it leads to facili es. popula on build up and results in outbreaks. References 2. Occasional pruning especially when the pest Anonymous (1994). Ailanthus excelsa-Ardu. ICFRE Technical popula on is on the increase in old trees. These pruned Bulle n. Published by ICFRE, Dehradun. leaves can be used as fodder for ca le. Bhasin, G.D. & Roonwal, M.L. (1954). A list of insect pests of 3. Spraying of monocrotophos 36 WSC-2 ml/litres. forest plants in India and the adjacent countries (arranged Chloropyriphos 20 EC 2.5 ml/lit and Fenvalerate 20 EC alphabe cally according to genera and species for the use of 1ml/litre at the interval of 15 days thrice has given forest officers) Part II. List of insect pests of plant genera (A). Indian For. Bull. (New ser.) 17(1): 42- 43. effec ve control of pest in nurseries and young Beeson, C.F.C. (1941). The Ecology and control of forest insects planta ons. of India and the adjacent countries. Government of India, 767 4. A number of natural enemies including two species of pp. larval flies viz; Besa remota and Carcelia sp (Diptera: Cha erjee, P.N. & Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1968). Important current Tachinidae) (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954); one species of problems of forest entomology in India. Indian Forester, 94: pupa; chalcid viz, Brachymeria hime a evae 112-117. Cha erjee, P.N. Singh, P. & Misra, R.M. (1969). Studies on the (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954 and biology, ecology, life history and parasite complex of Ailanthus Beeson, 1941) and two species of larval nematodes viz. defoliator, Eligma narcissus (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) together Merimis sp. (Cha erjee & Sen Sarma, 1968) and with morphology of adult and immature stages. Indian Forester, Hexamithidae sp (Nematoda : Mermithidae) (Beeson, 95: 541- 550. 1941) . Besides parasites five species of insect predators Fletcher (1914). Some South Indian insects and other animals of importance. Supdt. Govt. Press, Madras, pp. 461-463. viz. Parena nigrolineata (Coleptera: Carabidae), Crebator Jamaluddin, Sima Shahara, Meshram, P.B. & Dadwal, V.S. umana and Hes asula branneriana (Orthoptera: (1987). A note on parasi sm of Aspergillus flavus on Ailanthus Man dae) (Bhasin & Roonwal, 1954) and Eoanthecona web worm. Indian Forester, 113 (10): 707-708. furcillata (Cha erjee, et al., 1969) and Panthous Mathur, R.N. (1957). Pests of Ailanthus excelsa and their bimaculatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Fletcher, 1914) control. Brit. Commonwealth For. Cong. Agenda items No. 8 which feeds on larvae and two species of birds viz. Protec on (III). Forest Control 12 pp. Mathur, R.N. (1961). Important problems in Forest Entomology Dierrus adsimillis and Oriolus xanthonus (Cha erjee et in India XI Inte Cong. Ent. Vienna, pp. 227-283. al., 1969) and three species of fungi Beaveria bassiana Mathur, R.N.; Cha erjee, P.N. & Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1970). (Jamaluddin et al., 1987), Paecilomyces farnosus Biology, ecology and control of Ailanthus defoliator, A (Mathur, 1957) are reported to feed on larvae of A eva fabriciella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Ypnomeu dae) in Madhya fabriciella. In Rajasthan two larval parasites Bessa remota Pradesh. Indian Forester 96: 538-552. Misra, R.M. (1973). Fruit genera on in the life-history of A eva and Carcelia sp., (Diptera: Tachinidae) and one pupal fabriciella Swed. Indian Forester, 104: 133.
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 21 Checklist for Planktonic Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) living in Velacherry Lake, Chennai, India
K. Rajabunizal and R. Ramanibai Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India E-mail address: [email protected]
Abstract Materials and Methods The checklist of the planktonic ciliate assemblage in Velacherry The study area Lake, Chennai, India was inves gated from January 2010 to Lake Velacherry is one of the prime lakes situated in the December 2010. A total number of 46 species of protozoan urbanized area of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil ciliates come under 28 genera, 26 families and 10 orders were 0 0 recorded. The order Peritrichida with 5 families was recorded Nadu. Lake is located at 12 59’15” la tude and 80 30’ with maximum number of 21 species. The minimum number of 45” longitude. It is a shallow water body with a surface species (1 sp.) was recorded in the orders like Pleurostoma da, area of 265.48 acres and a maximum depth of 3.8 m (Fig. Nassulida and Cyrtophorida. The aim of this study is to give a 1). report on protozoan ciliates in a freshwater body Velacherry lake. All the 46 species are reported for the first me from the Monthly samplings were carried out in four sampling state of Tamil Nadu in India. sites in the lake from January to December 2010. Introduc on Samples were obtained through horizontal hauls at the Planktonic ciliates provide an important intermediate link subsurface in the pelagic region for 5 minutes using the between primary producers (algae and bacteria) and conical plankton net (20 cm diameter, 65 μm mesh). In higher trophic levels (metazooplankton and fishes) in order to determine the density of ciliates, samples were freshwater ecosystems (Zingell et al. 2007). Ciliates are fixed with Lugol’s solu on (1% v/v) and allowed to se le the major and the most conspicuous group of eukaryo c for at least 24h in plankton chambers. For quan ta ve unicelluar organisms (Corliss, 1979) that occur in analysis organisms were iden fied using a Sedgwick- different kinds of environments. Ciliates graze on Ra er chamber and counted using a Nikon stereoscope autotrophic and heterotrophic pico and nanoplankton binocular microscope at a magnifica on of 400-1000x. and func oning as prey for larger zooplankton, contribute to the remineraliza on and cycling of Results nutrients (Blomqvist et al. 2001; Ventela et al. 2002). Phylum: CILIOPHORA Doflein They play a vital role in the indica on of pollu on degree Subphylum: POSTCILIODESMATOPHORA Gerassimova & in lakes (Sonntag et al. 2002). Studies of the biodiversity Seravin and different ecological aspects of planktonic Class: PROSTOMATEA Schewiakoff communi es in the Upper Parana River floodplain were Order: Prostoma da Schewiakoff reported by Lansac-Toha et al. (2009). The record of Family: Colepidae Ehrenberg Ciliophora known from India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka Genus: Coleps Nitzsch included 274 species belonging to 101 genera (Bha a, Coleps hirtus Muller 1935). In India Ghosh (1918 - 1929) published a series of papers repor ng 29 species of free living ciliates and one Family: Prorodon dae Kent species of testacid rhizopod from Kolkata and its nearby Genus: Prorodon Ehrenberg locali es. Bindu (2008) recorded 248 species of free living Prorodon teres Ehrenberg protozoans from West Bengal. Shaikh et al. (2012) recorded 7 species of protozoan ciliates from Salim Ali Class: LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn Lake, Aurangabad, India. Order: Haptorida Corliss Family: Trachelophyllidae Kent Although living in different habitats and having great Genus: Enchelyodon Claparède & Lachmann importance in carbon cycle, protozoan ciliates are not Enchelyodon elegans Kahl studied in Velacherry Lake Chennai, India. The aim of this study is to give a report on protozoan ciliates in a Family: Tracheliidae Ehrenberg freshwater body Velacherry lake Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Genus: Dileptus Dujardin This is the first list for Velacherry-Indian Ciliate Fauna Dileptus anser Muller that takes into considera on for the classifica on according to Lynn (2003). Family: Lacrymariidae de Fromentel Genus: Lacrymaria Bory de St. Vincent Lacrymaria olor Muller
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 22 Class: LITOSTOMATEA Small & Lynn Stentor polymorphus Ehrenberg Order: Pleurostoma da Schewiakoff Stentor roeseli Ehrenberg Family: Litono dae Kent Genus: Litonotus Wresniowski Class: OLIGOHYMENOPHORA de Puytorac et al. Litonotus cygnus Muller Order: Peritrichida Stein Incertae sedis Family: Vor cellidae Ehrenberg Genus: Carchesium Ehrenberg Class: NASSOPHOREA Small & Lynn Carchesium polypinum Linnaeus Order: Nassulida Jankowski Family: Nassulidae de Fromentel Family: Vaginicolidae de Fromentel Genus: Nassula Ehrenberg Genus: Cothurnia Ehrenberg Nassula citrea Kahl Cothurnia annulata Stokes Cothurnia compressa Claparede & Lachmann Class: OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA de Puytorac et al. Order: Hymenostoma da Delage & Hérouard Family: Epistylididae Kahl Family: Turaniellidae Didier Genus: Epistylis Ehrenberg Genus: Colpidium Stein Epistylis niagarae Kellico Colpidium colpoda Ehrenberg Epistylis plica lis Ehrenberg
Family: Loxocephalidae Jankowski Family: Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet Genus: Dexiotricha Stokes Genus: Opercularia Goldfuss Dexiotricha granulosa Kent Opercularia ar culata Ehrenberg
Family: Parameciidae Dujardin Family: Vaginicolidae de Fromentel Genus: Paramecium Müller Genus: Thuricola Kent Paramecium bursaria Ehrenberg Thuricola folliculata Muller Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg Family: Vor cellidae Ehrenberg Class: OLIGOTRICHEA Bütschli Genus: Vor cella Linnaeus Order: Oligotrichida Vor cella citrina Muller Family: Halteriidae Claparède & Lachmann Vor cella communis Fromentel Genus: Halteria Dujardin Vor cella companula Ehrenberg Halteria grandinella Muller Vor cella convallaria Linnaeus Vor cella globosa Ghosh Family: Strombidiidae Fauré-Fremiet Vor cella infusionum Dujardin Genus: Strombidium Claparède & Lachmann Vor cella la funda Nenninger Strombidium conicum Lohmann Vor cella microstoma Ehrenberg Vor cella natans Faure-Fremiet Class: HETEROTRICHEA Stein Vor cella striata Dujardin Order: Heterotrichida Stein Family: Folliculinidae Dons Family: Zoothamniidae Sommer Genus: Folliculina Lamarck Genus: Zoothamniun Bory de St. Vincent Folliculina simplex Dons Zoothamnium arbuscula Ehrenberg Zoothamnium dichotomum Wright-Kent Family: Condylostoma dae Kahl Zoothamnium niveum Ehrenberg Genus: Condylostoma Bory de St. Vincent Zoothamnium simplex Kent Condylostoma vor cella Ehrenberg Family: Spirostomidae Stein Class POLYHYMENOPHORA Jankowski Genus: Spirostomum Ehrenberg Order: Hypotrichida Stein Spirostomum ambiguum Muller Family: Euplo dae Ehrenberg Genus: Euplotes Ehrenberg Family: Stentoridae Carus Euplotes patella Ehrenberg Genus: Stentor Oken Stentor coeruleus Ehrenberg Family: Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg Stentor mulleri Ehrenberg Genus: Stylonychia Ehrenberg
Bugs R A! No 20 September 2013" 23 Stylonchia my lus Muller future researchers to cul vate in the area of pollu on and environmental biomonitoring. Family: Aspidiscidae Ehrenberg Genus: Aspidisca Ehrenberg References Aspidisca costata Dujardin Bha a, B. L. (1935). Gaps in Our Knowledge of the Indian Protozoa. I. – Ciliophora. Current Science. p. 13- 16. Family: Urostylidae Bütschli Bindu, L. (2008). Distribu on of Protozoa in wetlands of West Bengal, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Genus: Uroleptus Ehrenberg Calcu a. Uroleptus caudatus Stokes Blomqvist, P, M. Jansson, A.K. Drakare, M. Bergstrım & A. Brydsten (2001). Effects of addi ons of DOC on pelagic biota in Class: PHYLLOPHARYNGEA de Puytorac et al. Clearwater systems: Results from a whole lake experiment in Order: Cyrtophorida Faure-Fremiet northern Sweden. Microbial Ecology. 42: 383-394. Corliss, J. O. (1979). The ciliated protozoa. Characteriza on, Family: Chilodonellidae Deroux classifica on and guide to the literature. New York, Toronto, Genus Chilodonella Strand Sidney, Paris: Oxford. 455 pp. Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg Foissner, W. & H. Berger (1996). A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by A total number of 46 species of protozoan ciliates come hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes and waste under 28 genera, 26 families and 10 orders were waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology. 35: 375-470. recorded from Velachery Lake Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ghosh, E. (1918). Studies on Infusoria, Records of the Indian (Table 1). The order Peritrichida with 5 families was Museum. Calcu a, 15 : 129-134. recorded with maximum number of 21 species. The Ghosh, E. (1919). Studies on Infusoria II. On two new species of minimum number of species (1 sp.) was recorded in the Holophrya Ehrenberg, Records of the Indian Museum. Calcu a, orders like Pleurostoma da, Nassulida and Cyrtophorida 16 : 41-43. Ghosh, E. (1920). Infusoria from Bengal, Report Sci. (Table 2). The highest species diversity was noted in the Conven on Indian Ass. Cult. Sci., for 1918, Calcu a : 144-149. genera vor cella (10 sp.), zoothamnium (4 sp.) and Ghosh, E. (1921). New hypotrichous Infusoria from Calcu a, Stentor (4 sp.). The percentage of total numbers for the Journal of Royal Microscopical Society. London : 248-250. order Peritrichida was 45.7% and the order Ghosh, E. (1928). Two new ciliates from sewer water, Journal Heterotrichida was 15.2% (Table 2). of Royal Microscopical Society. London: 382-384. Ghosh, E. (1929). Two new suctoria from sewer water, Journal of Royal Microscopical Society. London : 222-223. Discussion Lansac-Tôha, F.A, C.C. Bonecker, L.F.M. Velho, N.R. Simões, In our study the order Cyrtophorida includes only one J.D. Dias, G.M. Alves & E.M. Takahashi. (2009). Biodiversity of species namely Chilodonella uncinata. The same result zooplankton communi es in the Upper Parana River floodplain: was noted in the studies (Foissner & Berger 1996; Pérez- interannual varia on from longterm studies. Revista Brasileira Uz et al. 1998 and Mieczan 2005; 2009). The planktonic de Biologia = Brazilian Journal of Biology, vol. 69, no. (2 suppl), p. 661-668. ciliate communi es that were noted in Velacherry Lake Lynn, D. H. (2003). Home page. The Ciliate resource archive, were also observed in the shallow lakes of France,