1 The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts: 2 supplement five 3 4 James B. Riding 5 6 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom 7 8 CONTACT James B. Riding email [email protected] 9 10 ABSTRACT 11 Since the publication of five literature compilations issued between 2012 and 2020, 63 further 12 published contributions on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) 13 dinoflagellate cysts have been discovered, or were issued in the last 14 months (i.e. between 14 February 2019 and March 2020). These studies are on North Africa, Southern Africa, East 15 Arctic, West Arctic, east and west sub-Arctic Canada, China and Japan, East Europe, West 16 Europe, the Middle East, and sub-Arctic Russia west of the Ural Mountains, plus multi- 17 region studies and items with no geographical focus. The single-region studies are mostly 18 focused on Africa, the Arctic, Europe and the Middle East. All the 63 publications are listed 19 herein with doi numbers where applicable, and a description of each item as a string of 20 keywords. 21 22 KEYWORDS dinoflagellate cysts; earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian); Jurassic; literature 23 compilation and analysis; Triassic; worldwide 24 25 26 1. Introduction 27 28 The literature on Triassic to earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) dinoflagellate cysts is relatively 29 extensive, and it has been compiled and reviewed by Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 30 2020). These five items listed 1347, 94, 89, 266 and 93 publications respectively on this 31 topic, with each citation followed by a string of keywords detailing the scope of these 1889 32 studies. Unfortunately 11 publications were mentioned twice, hence the true culmulative total 33 of published items is 1878 (Riding 2019b). The works of Riding (2014, 2019a, 2020) were 34 substantially more interpretive than Riding (2012, 2013); the former three papers reviewed 1

35 and summarised the major items of literature which were listed. During the 14 months since 36 the finalisation of Riding (2020), the author has compiled 63 relevant items which were either 37 previously inadvertently overlooked or have been recently published (i.e. issued between 38 February 2019 and March 2020). The 63 contributions listed herein makes the current 39 cumulative total 1941 (Table 1). 40 These 63 articles are largely on the Jurassic of Africa, the Arctic, Europe and the 41 Middle East (Table 2), and are listed in Appendix 1 of the Supplementary data. Papers on 42 West Europe are most numerous (17), and comprise 27% of the overall total (Table 2). This 43 continues the substantial Euro-centric bias noted by Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2020). 44 No single stratigraphical interval is dominant, but 19 papers are focused on, or include data 45 from, the Early Jurassic (Table 3). 46 In this compilation, more selected catalogues, contributions on suprageneric 47 classification, indexes and major taxonomic reviews are included where considered 48 stratigraphically appropriate. Examples of these are Stover and Evitt (1978), Wilson and 49 Clowes (1981) and Fensome et al. (2019a, 2019b). 50 51 52 2. Regional review and synthesis 53 In this section, brief commentaries/reviews of selected articles from the 63 publications listed 54 in Appendix 1 of the Supplemental data are presented. These items are deemed particularly 55 worthy of mention, and are from nine of the 11 geographical regions relevant to this 56 contribution (Table 2). These 11 territories are North Africa, Southern Africa, East Arctic, 57 West Arctic, east and west sub-Arctic Canada, China and Japan, East Europe, West Europe, 58 the Middle East, and sub-Arctic Russia west of the Ural Mountains. Forty-nine of the 63 59 contributions in Appendix 1 of the Supplemental data is referred to one of these 11 regions; 60 the remaining 14 are assigned as either ‘multi-region’ or ‘no geographical focus’ (Tables 1, 61 2). Van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019) and Stover and Evitt (1978) are good examples of 62 ‘multi-region’ and ‘no geographical focus’ respectively. In this compilation, there are no 63 relevant single-region publications from East Africa, Central America, South America, 64 Antarctica, Southeast Asia, Australasia, the Indian subcontinent, sub-Arctic Russia east of the 65 Ural Mountains, and the U.S.A. east and west of the Rocky Mountains (Tables 1, 2). All the 66 dinoflagellate cysts, at and below species level, mentioned throughout this paper are listed in 67 Appendix 2 of the Supplemental data with full author citations. All the biozones referred to

2

68 herein are deemed to be have chronostratigraphical significance and the terminology used 69 reflects this. 70 71 2.1. North Africa 72 Four contributions on material from the continent of Africa are included in this review. Three 73 of these are on Egypt and Morocco in North Africa, and are summarised below. 74 Omran et al. (1990) is largely focussed on the palynology of the Lower Cretaceous 75 (Hauterivian/Barremian to Albian) successions penetrated by three boreholes in the northern 76 Western Desert of Egypt. However, eight dinoflagellate cyst taxa were reported from the 77 Middle and Upper Jurassic, below a substantial hiatus in the Alam el Bueib Formation 78 (Omran et al. 1990, figs 2, 9). These include the genera Ctenidodinium, Escharisphaeridia 79 and Sentusidinium. The presence of Apteodinium spp., Cribroperidinium spp., 80 Hystrichosphaerina spp. and Systematophora areolata means that the Jurassic samples 81 studied are all Late Jurassic in age (e.g. Klement 1960, Riding and Thomas 1992). 82 El Atfy et al. (2019) is a detailed study of the palynology of the Alam El Bueib and 83 Alamein members within the Burg El Arab Formation from the Obaiyed Oilfield in the 84 northwest Matruh Basin, northern Western Desert, northwest Egypt. Sixty-two cuttings 85 samples were examined from two boreholes. This succession is of Early Cretaceous age and 86 ranges from Berriasian to Aptian, and the entire palynomorph spectra were thoroughly 87 documented, and these include 24 dinoflagellate cyst species. These authors recognised a 88 single dinoflagellate cyst ‘phase’, of Berriasian to Barremian age. Dinoflagellate cysts proved 89 subordinate to pollen and spores, however dinoflagellate cyst phase DI of Berriasian to 90 Barremian age was identified. This was defined as the base of the two successions studied to 91 the range top of Tenua anaphrissa (as Pseudoceratium anaphrissum) (see Costa and Davey 92 1992, fig. 3.5). Also present were Cribroperidinium spp., Coronifera oceanica, 93 Cyclonephelium spp., Oligosphaeridium spp., Sentusidinium spp., Subtilisphaera sp. and 94 Trichodinium castanea. The age of phase DI was discussed by El Atfy et al. (2019, p. 114); 95 the Berriasian–Barremian age was determined largely due to a correlation with a nearby 96 successions studied by El Beialy (1994) and Mahmoud and Deaf (2007). 97 The geochemistry and palynofacies of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Event from Ait 98 Moussa and Issouka, northeast of Boulemane, in the Fès-Meknès region, Middle Atlas Basin, 99 northeast Morocco was studied by Rodrigues et al. (2020) in order to investigate 100 palaeoclimate, sea level fluctuations, sedimentology and tectonic history. The succession 101 investigated exhibits strong terrestrial affinity, and was deposited in nearshore settings. The 3

102 dinoflagellate cysts Luehndea spinosa and Nannoceratopsis gracilis were recorded from the 103 Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition at Ait Moussa, and were attributed to post Late 104 Pliensbachian cooling by Rodrigues et al. (2020). Luehndea spinosa was also encountered at 105 Issouka. 106 107 2.2. Southern Africa 108 Steeman et al. (2020), is a study on material from on Angola and it represents the first 109 relevant record from Southern Africa. These authors undertook a study of Paleogene 110 dinoflagellate cysts of the Landana section on the coast of Cabinda Province in Angola, 111 western Southern Africa. They noted some reworking from the underlying Mesozoic, 112 including the characteristically Middle Jurassic species Aldorfia aldorfensis (see, for 113 example, Gocht 1970; Wiggan et al. 2017). As mentioned above, this represents the first 114 record of Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts from the region of Southern Africa. 115 116 2.3. East Arctic 117 Eight contributions listed in Appendix 1 of the Supplemental data are on the East Arctic 118 region; four of these are deemed to be substantially impactful. One of them, van de 119 Schootbrugge et al. (2019), is a multi-region study. Five of the eight items are on the 120 Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, and four of these are described in subsection 2.3.1. 121 below. The following subsection, 2.3.2, concerns two major investigations of important 122 Lower and Upper Jurassic successions from northern Russia. 123 124 2.3.1. The Svalbard region 125 Koevoets et al. (2018) is a major multidisciplinary study of the Agardhfjellet Formation of 126 borehole material from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard that was drilled for the Longyearbyen 127 carbon dioxide storage project. These authors obtained two dinoflagellate cyst associations, 128 one from the uppermost Bathonian Oppdalen Member and the other from the uppermost 129 Kimmeridgian to Ryazanian (Berriasian) Oppdalssåta and Slottsmøya members (Koevoets et 130 al. 2018, figs 8, 16). Samples from the Oppdalen Member yielded Atopodinium haromense, 131 Chytroeisphaeridia hyalina, Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Sirmiodinium grossii, Valensiella 132 ovulum and Valvaeodinium spinosum amongst others. This succession was assigned to the 133 Cadoceras calyx boreal ammonite zone of late Bathonian age and Koevoets et al. (2018) 134 concluded that the dinoflagellate cysts are consistent with this assessment based on the 135 presence of Sirmiodinium grossii and Valvaeodinium spinosum (see Woollam and Riding 4

136 1983, Riding et al. 1985). The identification of Atopodinium haromense may be questionable 137 as this species is typical of the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian transition in the Late Jurassic 138 (Thomas and Cox 1988). The Oppdalssåta and Slottsmøya members produced apparently 139 more diverse associations including Leptodinium subtile, Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora, 140 Senoniasphaera jurassica and Tubotuberella apatela, and typical of the Upper Jurassic. The 141 upper, palynologically productive, part of the Oppdalssåta Member was interpreted as being 142 late Kimmeridgian to Tithonian (early Volgian) in age. The overlying Slottsmøya Member 143 spans the lower Volgian to Berriasian (Ryazanian), which is consistent with the boreal 144 ammonites recovered. However, some reworking of dinoflagellate cysts from the 145 Kimmeridgian was noted (Koevoets et al. 2018, p. 12). 146 The occurrence of the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian marker dinoflagellate 147 cyst Mancodinium semitabulatum in the Mohnhøgda Member (Svenskøya Formation) was 148 mentioned in Olaussen et al. (2018, p. 48). This occurrence is coeval with a global flooding 149 event (Smelror et al. 2018). Paterson and Mangerud (2019) produced an extensively 150 illustrated revised palynomorph zonation for the Middle and Upper Triassic (Anisian– 151 Rhaetian) of the Barents Sea between Svalbard in the north, and Arctic Norway in the south. 152 Most of the biozones considered are based on spores and pollen, but the Rhaetogonyaulax 153 arctica and Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica dinoflagellate cyst zones of late Carnian-early Norian 154 and early Norian age respectively were also established (Paterson and Mangerud 2019, p. 18– 155 19, fig. 3). 156 Smelror et al. (2018) is a comprehensive illustrated account of the Upper Triassic 157 to Lower Cretaceous (Norian–Aptian) palynostratigraphy of Kong Karls Land in the eastern 158 part of the Svalbard Archipelago, north of the Barents Sea in the Arctic Ocean. The material 159 comprises samples collected from seven formations in the Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen 160 groups (Smelror et al. 2018, fig. 3). The oldest material are three samples from the Flatsalen 161 Formation of Kapp Koburg, Kongsøya. The two uppermost samples yielded 162 Rhaetogonyaulax sp., thereby placing the Flatsalen Formation in the Rhaetogonyaulax 163 rhaetica Assemblage Zone of Paterson and Mangerud (2015) of early Norian age. This is 164 consistent with several other studies in the Barents Sea area. 165 The Svenskøya Formation (Norian–?Rhaetian to Toarcian) comprises two 166 members and is thought to include several hiatuses. The lower unit, the Sjøgrenfjellet 167 Member, is devoid of dinoflagellate cysts and is of Norian–?Rhaetian to Hettangian–early 168 Pliensbachian age based on pollen and spores. The overlying Moenhøgda Member yielded 169 abundant palynomorphs including the dinoflagellate cysts Luehndea spinosa, Mancodinium 5

170 semitabulatum, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Pareodinia halosa (as Caddasphaera halosa) and 171 Phallocysta sp. This association indicates a late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian age, 172 correlating with the DSJ6 and DSJ7 dinoflagellate cyst zones of Poulsen and Riding (2003). 173 The Kongsøya Formation was interpreted as being of late Toarcian to Aalenian in 174 age by Smelror et al. (2018). This unit produced Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis 175 spp., Ovalicysta hiata, Parvocysta spp., Phallocysta eumekes, Scriniocassis priscus (as 176 Eyachia prisca), Scriniocassis weberi and Susadinium scrofoides. The co-occurrences of 177 Ovalicysta hiata, Phallocysta eumekes and Susadinium scrofoides allows a correlation to the 178 latest Toarcian to earliest Aalenian DSJ10 dinoflagellate cyst zone of Poulsen and Riding 179 (2003). The Flatsalen, Svenskøya and Kongsøya formations are largely conformable. 180 However there is a major hiatus above the Kongsøya Formation and these are no Bajocian 181 strata preserved on Kong Karls Land (Smelror et al. 2018, fig. 17). 182 The lowermost unit of the Agardhfjellet Formation, the Oppdalen Member has a 183 transgressive base. The latter unit generally yielded common dinoflagellate cysts. These 184 include Arkellea teichophera (as Heslertonia teichophera), Chytroeisphaeridia cerastes, 185 Chytroeisphaeridia hyalina, Ctenidodinium continuum, Ctenidodinium ornatum, 186 Endoscrinium galeritum, Nannoceratopsis pellucida, the Paragonyaulacysta group, 187 Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora and Sirmiodinium grossii. On the basis of the aforementioned 188 taxa, together with key ammonites, the Oppdalen Member was assigned to the upper 189 Bathonian to middle Callovian (Smelror et al. 2018, fig. 13). The overlying Lardyfjellet 190 Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation produced relatively diverse dinoflagellate cyst 191 associations. These include the marker species Evansia deflandrei (as Crussolia deflandrei), 192 Gonyaulacysta eisenackii, Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. adecta var. longicornis, Kalyptea 193 diceras, Scriniodinium crystallinum, Stephanelytron redcliffense, Trichodinium 194 scarburghense, Wanaea fimbriata and Wanaea thysanota. This association is indicative of 195 the late Callovian to early Oxfordian interval (Poulsen and Riding 2003). However, evidence 196 from ammonites and foraminifera indicates that the upper part of the Lardyfjellet Member is 197 early Kimmeridgian in age. There is a substantial hiatus above the Agardhfjellet Formation 198 (Smelror et al. 2018, fig. 17). 199 The overlying strata, the Klippfisk, Kolje and Helvetiafjellet formations are Early 200 Cretaceous (Valanginian–Aptian) in age. This study has allowed reliable correlations to 201 Triassic to Cretaceous successions in Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia (Smelror et al. 2018, 202 fig. 17). 203 6

204 2.3.2. Northern Russia 205 The foraminifera and palynomorphs from samples collected from two sections of the Upper 206 Jurassic (Oxfordian–Tithonian [Volgian]) on the banks of the Lopsiya River immediately east 207 of the northern Ural Mountains in north-central Russia were studied by Lebedeva et al. 208 (2019). This is an extremely important reference section largely due to its stratigraphical 209 completeness, and the presence throughout of zonal ammonites and other molluscs. Lebedeva 210 et al. (2019, figs 4, 5) reported relatively diverse marine and terrestrial palynomorphs. The 211 dinoflagellate cyst associations are dominated by non-tabulate, proximate forms with apical 212 archaeopyles referred to the Sentusidinium-Batiacasphaera-Kallosphaeridium group (Wood 213 et al. 2016), and chorate taxa are relatively rare. The latter phenomenon is typical of the 214 Boreal Realm (Wierzbowski et al. 2002). However, the assemblages also include typically 215 Late Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts including Ambonosphaera? staffinensis, Cribroperidinium 216 globatum, Cribroperidinium? longicorne, Dingodinium spp., Endoscrinium luridum, 217 Glossodinium dimorphum, Leptodinium spp., Scriniodinium crystallinum, Senoniasphaera 218 jurassica, Systematophora areolata and Tubotuberella apatela. 219 Two dinoflagellate cyst biozones were described by Lebedeva et al. (2019). These 220 are the Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. jurassica and Corculodinium inaffectum assemblage 221 zones of early Kimmeridgian, and latest early Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian (Volgian) 222 age respectively. The Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. jurassica assemblage zone is 223 equivalent to the early Kimmeridgian Eurorasenia pseudoouralensis ammonite subzone of 224 the Rasenia evoluta ammonite zone. Lebedeva et al. (2019, p. 9) stated that the Lopsiya River 225 material is closely comparable with the dinoflagellate cysts from around the Oxfordian– 226 Kimmeridgian transition of northwest Europe and adjacent areas and the central Russian 227 Platform (e.g. Riding and Thomas 1988, 1997; Riding et al. 1999). By contrast, it is markedly 228 different from coeval material from central northern Siberia (e.g. Ilyina et al. 2005). 229 Lebedeva et al. (2019) deemed the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from Lopsiya River to be 230 intermediate in floral character between coeval material from Subboreal northwestern Europe 231 and the Boreal Realm. The overlying Corculodinium inaffectum assemblage zone ranges 232 from the Zonovia ulalensis ammonite subzone of the Rasenia evoluta ammonite zone to the 233 Eosphinctoceras magnum ammonite zone, and is latest early Kimmeridgian to earliest 234 Tithonian (Volgian) in age (Lebedeva et al. 2019, fig. 4). The base of this biozone was 235 formally identified as the range base of Corculodinium inaffectum. 236 The same succession of dinoflagellate cyst biozones were established in western 237 Russia by Riding et al. (1999). A major difference in Lebedeva et al. (2019) is that the 7

238 inception of Corculodinium inaffectum is substantially older than documented by Riding et 239 al. (1999), i.e. immediately below the Aulacostephanus mutabilis ammonite zone. Riding et 240 al. (1999) placed the range base of Corculodinium inaffectum (as Subtilisphaera? inaffecta) at 241 the base of the Aulacostephanus autissiodorensis ammonite zone. As Lebedeva et al. (2019) 242 pointed out, there is substantial congruence between their data with dinoflagellate cyst ranges 243 established in northern Europe and adjacent regions. For example, the range bases of 244 Corculodinium inaffectum and Cribroperidinium? longicorne, and the apparent extinctions of 245 Endoscrinium luridum and Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. jurassica are extremely similar in 246 both areas in terms of their calibration with the ammonite zonations. 247 Two successions spanning the Kyra and Kelimyar formations of late Pliensbachian 248 and Toarcian age from two exposures near the Kelimyar River in northern Siberia were 249 studied by van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019) as part of a major multi-region study comparing 250 the Arctic with sub-Arctic West Europe. These were sections S16 and S5-D1, and the former 251 comprises Upper Pliensbachian to Upper Toarcian strata. Most of the Upper Pliensbachian 252 Kyra Formation yielded sparse dinoflagellate cyst associations dominated by the genus 253 Nannoceratopsis. By contrast, the uppermost Kyra Formation, and the overlying Kelimyar 254 Formation of Toarcian age produced much more species-rich dinoflagellate cyst palynofloras. 255 Batiacasphaera sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Maturodinium inornatum, Pareodinia? 256 pseudochytroeides (as Dodekovia pseudochytroeides), Parvocysta spp., Phallocysta eumekes, 257 Scriniocassis weberi, Susadinium scrofoides, Valvaeodinium koessenium (as Comparodinium 258 koessenium), Valvaeodinium spp. and Wallodinium cylindricum were recorded from this 259 succession, together with the acritarch Limbicysta bjaerkei (see van de Schootbrugge et al. 260 2019, fig. 7). Biostratigrapically, the most notable aspect of this succession is that the 261 Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite has a substantially younger inception, i.e. earliest Toarcian, 262 than further south in western Europe (e.g. Riding 1984, Riding et al. 1991). 263 The transition between the Kyra and Kelimyar formations (uppermost 264 Pliensbachian–Lower Toarcian) was sampled in the Kelimyar River S5-D1 section by van de 265 Schootbrugge et al. (2019). At the onset of the Early Toarcian negative Carbon Isotope 266 Excursion, there is a dramatic increase in dinoflagellate cyst diversity. Mancodinium 267 semitabulatum, Moesiodinium raileanui, Nannoceratopsis spp., Parvocysta spp., Phallocysta 268 spp., Susadinium scrofoides and Valvaeodinium spp. all appeared at this time (van de 269 Schootbrugge et al. 2019, fig. 9). This succession proves that the range base of the 270 Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite is early Toarcian in age in the high palaeolatitudes.

8

271 The data from the two Kelimyar River sections examined by van de Schootbrugge 272 et al. (2019) disproves the contention of, for example Riding et al. (1999, fig. 11) that the 273 Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite emerged in the high northerly palaeolatitudes during the Late 274 Toarcian. By contrast, this group emerged during the early Toarcian, and thrived during the 275 Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in northern Siberia. As the Parvocysta-Phallocysta 276 suite co-occurred with early representatives of the Gonyaulacales during the Early Toarcian, 277 the high northerly latidudes appear to represent the cradle of dinoflagellate evolution at this 278 critical interval in plankton evolution (Wiggan et al. 2018). The abundance of dinoflagellate 279 cysts in northern Siberia during the T-OAE is believed to be as a result of only sporadic 280 benthic anoxia due to seasonally-driven marine mixing. Further south, there was a virtual 281 blackout of dinoflagellate cysts during the early Toarcian (Correia et al. 2017). Furthermore, 282 the Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite migrated into Europe in southerly-moving currents through 283 the Viking Corridor after oceanic deepening during the middle part of the early Toarcian (van 284 de Schootbrugge et al. 2019, fig. 11). These authors suggested that this enhanced Arctic- 285 Tethys marine connectivity, specifically the influx of cold, low-salinity, nutrient-rich waters 286 from the Arctic region helped to end the T-OAE. These conclusions are supported by the fact 287 that the late Pliensbachian and Toarcian ammonite zonal schemes are substantially different 288 in the Arctic, Suboreal and Tethyan regons, indicating intense provincialism at this time (van 289 de Schootbrugge et al. 2019, fig. 1). 290 291 2.4. West Arctic 292 In this review there are three items relevant to the West Arctic region. These are one on 293 Arctic Canada, one on northeast Greenland and there is one multi-region contribution 294 (Appendix 1 of the Supplemental data). An abstract on the dinoflagellate cysts from the 295 Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Oxfordian–Valanginian) succession of the Rollrock 296 section on northern Ellesmere Island in the Sverdrup Basin of Arctic Canada was issued by 297 Ingrams (2019). This successon is an important high latiutude reference section for the 298 Jurassic–Cretacous transition. Seven biozones were distinguished, defined by the range bases 299 and tops of marker taxa such as Muderongia simplex and Oligosphaeridium complex. 300 Glacioeustacy is thought to influence spine-bearing dinoflagellate cyst morphology with 301 major fluctuations in proximochorate forms reflecting relative sea level fall. 302 A major paper on the Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of northeast Greenland 303 between Traill Ø in the south and Store Koldeway in the north was published by Nøhr- 304 Hansen et al. (2019). The interval considered was latest Jurassic to Late Cretaceous 9

305 (Tithonian–Maastrichtian) in age and the biozonation, which comprises 15 zones, was 306 calibrated to an updated ammonite zonation and based on three boreholes and over 100 307 outcrop sections. It is the first palynozonation for the entire Cretaceous of East Greenland, 308 and can be correlated to other areas in the Arctic region. The Gochteodinia villosa villosa 309 (NEG Cr 1) and Oligosphaeridium complex (NEG Cr 2) zones cover the late Tithonian to 310 earliest Hauterivian interval. The base of the former was defined as the inceptions of 311 Gochteodinia villosa villosa and Isthmocystis distincta in the upper Tithonian. Bioevents in 312 the Gochteodinia villosa villosa zone include the range base of Scriniodinium pharo, the 313 ranges of Lagenorhytis delicatula and Rotosphaeropsis thule and the range top of 314 Paragonyaulacysta? borealis in the Berriasian of the Rødryggen-1 core 517001. The base of 315 the succeeding Oligosphaeridium complex zone was drawn in the uppermost Berriasian at the 316 range base of the index species (Nøhr-Hansen et al. 2019, fig. 7). 317 Krencker et al. (2019) is a contribution based largely on geochemistry and 318 sedimentology which posited a temporally short, high amplitude global forced regression, 319 due to polar ice sheet dynamics, which immediately preceded the major marine transgression 320 associated with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). It suggests that this, and other, 321 hyperthermal events may have had their origins in short-lived ‘cold snaps’. This study was 322 based on data and material from the Central High Atlas Basin in Morocco and Jameson Land, 323 East Greenland. The palynology data in Krencker et al. (2019) is entirely from the uppermost 324 Pliensbachian, Toarcian and lowermost Aalenian strata within the Neill Klinter Group of 325 Jameson Land Basin in East Greenland. The samples used were originally collected from the 326 Gule Horn to Sortehat formations for the study of Koppelhus and Dam (2003). The material 327 yielded the dinoflagellate cysts Luehndea spinosa, Mancodinium semitabulatum, 328 Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Phallocysta elongata (as Parvocysta elongata), Parvocysta sp., 329 Phallocysta eumekes and Valvaeodinium armatum (see Krencker et al. 2019, p. 6, 7; fig. 5). 330 331 332 2.5. China and Japan 333 Two contributions on the marine palynology of the Jurassic of China and Japan were issued 334 during the period of this review. Lin and Li (2019, fig. 4E) illustrated ‘?Dinoflagellate cyst’ 335 from the Lower Cretaceous Duoni Formation of Wadga coal mine, near Baxoi, Qinghai- 336 Xizang Plateau, western China. This highly thermally mature specimen has a substantial 337 opening that may be an archaeopyle. However the lack of other microplankton, the

10

338 resemblance to certain Mesozoic gymnospermous pollen such as Perinopollenites and the 339 poor preservation strongly suggests it is not of dinoflagellate affinity. 340 Kemp et al. (2019) is the first report of Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts from Japan. 341 This paper is an integrated study on the isotope geochemistry, palynofacies and palynology of 342 a highly expanded succession through the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in 343 southwest Japan. Palynomorphs were extracted from 32 samples of the Nishinakayama 344 Formation collected from the Sakuraguchi-dani stream section near Toyota Town. The 345 palynoflora is of relatively low diversity and two samples apparently yielded the 346 dinoflagellate cyst Luehndea spinosa (see Kemp et al. 2019, fig. 4). The two samples precede 347 the T-OAE, and this scenario is consistent with the results of Correia et al. (2017, fig. 3). The 348 latter study found that Luehndea spinosa is highly characteristic of the pre T-OAE succession 349 in the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal. Due to the intense tectonism which has affected Japan, 350 the Nishinakayama Formation is highly thermally altered and substantially overmature. This 351 is confirmed by the extremely poor preservation of the palynomorphs extracted by Kemp et 352 al. (2019, fig. 3). They are intensely blackened and degraded such that identification to 353 species level is highly problematical. This includes the photograph of Luehndea spinosa (see 354 Kemp et al. 2019, fig. 3T). This specimen is a poorly-preserved subangular polygonal body 355 approximately 40 µm in diameter and bearing irregular spines. The epicystal archaeopyle, 356 gonal spines and gonyaulacacean tabulation characteristic of Luehndea spinosa are not 357 evident (Morgenroth 1970), and the validity of the identification of this specimen is therefore 358 not considered to be secure. 359 360 2.6. East Europe 361 In this compilation, eight items concerning East Europe were listed in Appendix 1 of the 362 Supplemental data; these are studies from the Czech Republic, Poland and Ukraine. Four of 363 these items, Birkenmajer and Gedl (2019), Skupien and Doupovcova (2019), Svobodová et 364 al. (2019) and Kowal‑Kasprzyk et al. (2020), have substantial contributions on dinoflagellate 365 cysts. 366 The study of Birkenmajer and Gedl (2019) investigated the Jurassic to Paleogene 367 dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of borehole PD-9 drilled at Szczawnica in central southern 368 Poland. This well was drilled in the intensely tectonised northern boundary fault zone of the 369 Pieniny Klippen Belt in the West Carpathians. Specifically, this borehole indicates that the 370 Grajcarek Main Dislocation is virtually vertical and separates the Magura Nappe of the Outer 371 Carpathians to the north, and the Pieniny Klippen Belt to the south. The authors reported 11

372 dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Lower–Middle Jurassic, Upper Cretaceous and 373 Eocene. 374 A steeply-dipping thrust sheet of the Szlachtowa Formation of Jurassic age was 375 identified. This is the oldest unit of the Grajcarek Unit and two samples were collected at 376 716.4–710.4 m and 710.4–707.1 m (Birkenmajer and Gedl 2019, fig. 4, table 1). The 377 lowermost sample at 716.4–710.4 m yielded a low diversity dinoflagellate cyst association. It 378 is dominated by Nannoceratopsis gracilis and Phallocysta elongata, and some Eocene 379 contaminants are also present. The occurrence of the latter species, together with the absence 380 of Dissiliodinium, is indicative of a latest Toarcian to Aalenian age (Feist-Burkhardt 1990, 381 Riding 1994). By contrast, the uppermost sample at 710.4–707.1 m produced a relatively 382 abundant assemblage, which lacks contamination, and is overwhelmingly dominated by 383 Nannoceratopsis dictyambonis. Also present, but in lower proportions, are Batiacasphaera 384 sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Kallosphaeridium? sp., Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis 385 raunsgaardii, Nannoceratopsis spiculata, Nannoceratopsis sp. and Sentusidinium 386 explanatum (as Kallosphaeridium praussii) (Birkenmajer and Gedl 2019, table 1). The 387 authors used Dissiliodinium and Nannoceratopsis dictyambonis to interpret a latest Aalenian 388 age for the sample at 710.4–707.1 m. The overlapping ranges of this species and genus is 389 indicative of the latest Aalenian interval (Birkenmajer and Gedl 2019, p. 247). Furthermore, 390 the absence of Dissiliodinium giganteum provides substantial negative evidence that this 391 sample is not Bajocian in age (e.g. Gedl 2008; Segit et al. 2015). 392 Skupien and Doupovcova (2019) is of substantial regional significance because the 393 succession examined is one of the few localites in the Tethyan Realm where the Jurassic– 394 Cretaceous transition is suitable for palynological study. These authors undertook 395 biostratigraphical research on the calcareous and organic dinoflagellate cysts, and 396 calpionellids of the Vendryně Formation and Těšín Limestone (Tithonian and Beriasian 397 respectively) at Bruzovice, Outer Western Carpathians in the eastern Czech Republic. These 398 lower Tithonian and Beriasian strata were sampled and several biostratigraphically significant 399 dinoflagellate cyst taxa recovered. These include Amphorulacysta metaelliptica (as 400 Amphorula metaelliptica), Diacanthum hollisteri, Dichadogonyaulax bensonii, Glossodinum 401 dimorphum, Muderongia longicorna, Phoberocysta tabulata (as Muderongia tabulata), 402 Prolixosphaeridium anasillum, Spiculodinium neptuni (as Achomosphaera neptuni) and 403 Spiniferites sp. S. cf. ramosus (see Skupien and Doupovcova 2019, fig. 6). The 404 biostratigraphy was discussed in detail, and a very extensive set of photographs was 405 presented (Skupien and Doupovcova 2019, p. 221, 226 and figs 7–13 respectively). The 12

406 Jurassic–Cretaceous transition was established to occur between samples Br 12 and Br 10 407 (Skupien and Doupovcova 2019, fig. 6). Some reworking from the Pliensbachian to Bajocian 408 was noted; Nannoceratopsis gracilis and Nannoceratopsis raunsgaardii were encountered in 409 the lowermost Cretaceous Těšín Limestone (Skupien and Doupovcova 2019, figs 11F, G). 410 Svobodová et al. (2019) examined the micropalaeontological biostratigraphy and 411 palaeocological analysis of the Kurovice Limestone from Kurovice Quarry in southeast 412 Czech Republic as part of a larger project the determine a Global Stratotype Section and 413 Point (GSSP) for the Berriasian. This study includes analysis of the entire palynoflora and 414 integrated all results with magnetostratigraphy. A total of 24 samples were examined for 415 palynomorphs, and seven of these produced relatively rare and often poorly-preserved 416 material due largely to the organic-lean nature of the succession (Svobodová et al. 2019, p. 417 166, 168, figs 13–16). Because of this, the majority of the biostratigraphical conclusions are 418 based on the calcareous microfossils. However, bioevents such as the range tops of 419 Amphorulacysta? dodekovae (as Amphorula dodekovae) and Glossodinium dimorphum, and 420 the range bases of, for example, Amphorulacysta metaelliptica (as Amphorula metaelliptica), 421 Dichadogonyaulax bensonii, Dingodinium tuberosum (as Dingodinium ‘tuberculosum’), 422 Scriniodinium campanula, Spiculodinium neptuni (as Achomosphaera neptuni) and 423 Tehamadinium evittii proved to be stratigraphically useful. Some reworking was discerned. 424 Kowal‑Kasprzyk et al. (2020) studied the dinoflagellate cysts (calcareous and 425 organic) and foraminifera of exotic clasts of Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian) strata 426 from southern Poland which have been reworked into an extensive Lower Cretaceous to 427 Eocene succession. These allochthonous fragments of sedimentary rocks deposited in shelfal 428 settings are proxies for the understanding of the palaeogeography of this region prior to the 429 development of the Outer Carpathian flysch basins. The clasts are from three carbonate facies 430 types. Key marker organic dinoflagellate cyst species recognised include Endoscrinium 431 luridum, Glossodinium dimorphum, Gonyaulacysta jurassica, Leptodinium subtile and 432 Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora (see Kowal‑Kasprzyk et al. 2020, figs 8, 9). 433 434 2.7. Sub-Arctic West Europe 435 Seventeen contributions solely on the Triassic, Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous 436 successions of sub-Arctic West Europe are covered in this review, one of which is deemed 437 especially significant (Appendix 1 of the Supplementary data). Of these 17 single-region 438 items, seven are briefly outlined below, and one highly impactful multi-region publication is 439 described. 13

440 Adloff and Doubinger (1982) recorded Dapcodinium priscum and 441 Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica from the Rhaetian and lowermost Hettangian strata of Mersch, 442 central Luxembourg. Similarly, Hillebrandt et al. (2013) recorded Dapcodinium priscum and 443 Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica from the Rhaetian of the Kuhjoch Pass in the Karwendel 444 Mountains, western Austria, although abundance, sample and range data are lacking. 445 The palaeontology of the lowermost Cretaceous (Berriasian and Valanginian) strata 446 of central Austria was studied by Boorová et al. (2015). This study is centered on the 447 Schrambach Formation at its type locality and was multidisciplinary, encompassing 448 ammonites, calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellate cysts. The Oberalm, Schrambach and 449 Rossfeld formations yielded organic-walled dinoflagellte cysts (Boorová et al. 2015, p. 106– 450 107, figs 3A–3F, 7–8, table 1). Biostratigraphically significant taxa recorded by these authors 451 include Amphorulacysta metaelliptica (as Amphorula metaelliptica), Ctenidodinium 452 elegantulum, Cribroperidinium? edwardsii, Dichadogonyaulax bensonii, 453 Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum, Kleithriasphaeridium fasciatum, Phoberocysta 454 neocomica, Pseudoceratium pelliferum, Scriniodinium campanula, Spiculodinium neptuni (as 455 Achomosphaera neptuni), Spiniferites ramosus and Stanfordella? cretacea. Some reworking 456 of specimens of Nannoceratopsis, including Nannoceratopsis gracilis, from the underlying 457 Lower–Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian–Bajocian) was observed in the Oberalm and 458 Schrambach formations (Boorová et al. 2015, figs 7P, 7Q). 459 The palynology and sedimentology of the Rannoch Formation (Brent Group) in the 460 northern North Sea was studied by Slater et al. (2017). These authors reported the presence of 461 the dinoflagellate cyst genera Evansia, Kallosphaeridium, Mancodinium, Nannoceratopsis, 462 Pareodinia and Phallocysta in bioturbated sandy facies of three wells in block 211/14. This 463 association, together with rare Botryococcus, is indicative of shallow marine conditions 464 within the Rannoch Formation which is late Aalenian–early Bajocian in age (Richards et al. 465 1993). 466 Schobben et al. (2019) undertook a multidisciplinary study of the uppermost 467 Triassic and lowermost Jurassic (Rhaetian–Hettangian) strata of central Europe in order to 468 beeter understand the end-Triassic mass extinction. These authors recorded Dapcodinium 469 priscum, Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica and Suessia swabiana from the Rhaetian and Hettangian 470 succession at a quarry northwest of Bonenburg in central Germany. Suessia swabiana was 471 confined to the Rhaetian, but Dapcodinium priscum and Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica were 472 recorded throughout (Schobben et al. 2019, fig. 2).

14

473 The vegetational response to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in 474 northern England was investigated by Slater et al. (2019). Despite the focus on the terrestrial 475 realm, these authors discussed the dynamics of marine phytoplankton and illustrated the 476 dominance of sphaeromorphs, together with abundant amorphous organic material with much 477 reduced numbers of dinoflagellate cysts during the T-OAE, which is characterised by a 478 marked negative carbon isotope excursion (Slater et al. 2019, fig. 2). 479 A major multi-region study on the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian and Toarcian) of 480 the East Arctic and West Europe was published recently by van de Schootbrugge et al. 481 (2019). These authors worked on the Cleveland Basin in northern England and the 482 Norwegian North Sea. In the Cleveland Basin, van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019, fig. 5) 483 examined productive samples from the Cleveland Ironstone and Whitby Mudstone 484 formations (Upper Pliensbachian to Upper Toarcian). In broad terms, the floras recorded by 485 van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019) are complementary to, and consistent with, the 486 assemblages documented by Riding (1984) and Bucefalo Palliani and Riding (2000) from this 487 depocentre. The oldest dinoflagellate cyst species recorded by van de Schootbrugge et al. 488 (2019) was Luehndea spinosa in the Amaltheus margaritatus ammonite zone of the Upper 489 Pliensbachian and this was followed by a substantial influx of taxa at the Pliensbachian– 490 Toarcian transition. These include the inceptions of Mancodinium semitabulatum, 491 Maturodinium inornatum, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis senex and 492 Scriniocassis weberi. There is a marked decrease in dinoflagellate cysts, but not a total 493 blackout, during the Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) interval at the base of the Harpoceras 494 falciferum ammonite zone in the T-OAE. The Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite are first observed 495 in the Harpoceras falciferum–Hildoceras bifrons ammonite zone transition, after the T-OAE. 496 Of this major plexus of forms, Parvocysta bullula, Phallocysta eumekes and Susadinium 497 scrofoides were recorded by van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019, figs 5, 12). The subsequent 498 diversity only increased marginally up-section, with Scriniocassis priscus appearing in the 499 middle part of the Hildoceras bifrons ammonite zone (van de Schootbrugge et al. (2019, fig. 500 5). Taken together, Riding (1984), Bucefalo Palliani and Riding (2000) and van de 501 Schootbrugge et al. (2019) provide an excellent composite palynologcal reference section for 502 the Sinemurian to the Aalenian of the Cleveland Basin. 503 The uppermost Pliensbachian and Toarcian succession from the Norwegian North 504 Sea, specifically well 34/10-35 in the Gulfaks South oilfield, was studied by van de 505 Schootbrugge et al. (2019, fig. 6) as part of an investigation of the Arctic and Europe. This is 506 the only succession in this study that is not calibrated to the ammonite zonation. It appears 15

507 that, in general terms, this North Sea record is similar to coeval floras from northern England, 508 but nonetheless and intermediate between northern Siberia and northwest Europe. Luehndea 509 spinosa ranges slightly stratigraphically higher (to the end of the CIE in the T-OAE) than in 510 southern Europe and Tethys, i.e. into the Harpoceras falciferum ammonite zone equivalent 511 based on chemostratigraphy (van de Schootbrugge et al. 2019, fig. 12). There is no virtual 512 blackout of dinoflagellate cysts in the T-OAE, as is the case further south in Europe, in the 513 Norwegian North Sea (e.g. Correia et al. 2017). Early representatives of the Gonyaulacales 514 such as the genera Batiacasphaera and Dissiliodinium are present in the upper Pliensbachian, 515 and throughout the T-OAE of well 34/10-35. This is similar to the records from northern 516 Siberia (van de Schootbrugge et al. 2019, figs 7, 9). Potentially most significantly, in well 517 34/10-35 is the range bases of Parvocysta bullula and Parvocysta nasuta within the T-OAE, 518 i.e. within the negative CIE (lowermost Toarcian). These species are typical of the 519 Parvocysta-Phallocysta suite, and this inception is similar to the situation in northern Siberia 520 (see section 2.2; van de Schootbrugge et al. 2019, figs 6, 7, 9, 12). 521 Hesselbo et al. (2020) is a follow-up paper to Riding et al. (2013). The latter is an 522 account of acmes of the dinoflagellate cyst Liasidium variabile and the pollen species 523 Classopollis classoides, together with a marked negative CIE of 2–3‰ in the upper 524 Sinemurian strata of Lincolnshire, eastern England. These phenomena were collectively 525 termed the S-CIE and interpreted as a hyperthermal event of global extent. Hesselbo et al. 526 (2020) sampled the shallow marine Sinemurian succession at Robin Hood’s Bay in the 527 Cleveland Basin, North Yorkshire, northern England at a high resolution. These authors 528 confirmed the presence of the S-CIE (and renamed it the Liasidium Event), which 529 corresponds very closely to the Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite zone. The Liasidium Event 530 at Robin Hood’s Bay also is coeval with a negative CIE that exhibits a distinctive double 531 spike in the middle part of the Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite zone (Hesselbo et al. 2020, 532 fig. 3). The peak occurrences of Liasidium variabile correspond to deep water and maximum 533 flooding. Analysis of parasequences in this succession allow an age assessment of at least one 534 million years for the Liasidium Event. The intensity of this relatively minor hyperthermal is 535 far less than the subsequent T-OAE, and no evidence of significant bottom water 536 deoxygenation was developed. This study established a chronostratigraphical range for 537 Liasidium variabile at Robin Hood’s Bay as middle late Sinemurian. Specifically this is the 538 base of the Eparietites denotatus ammonite subzone of the Asteroceras obtusum ammonite 539 zone, to close to the top of the Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite subzone of the 540 Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite zone. However, Liasidium variabile is only consistent and 16

541 common (i.e. >5 %) in the Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite zone, from the middle of the 542 Oxynoticeras simpsoni ammonite subzone to the base of the Oxynoticeras oxynotum 543 ammonite subzone (Hesselbo et al. 2020, fig. 3). 544 545 2.8. The Middle East 546 In this review, there are six contributions which are focused exclusively on the Middle East, 547 two of which are considered especially impactful (Appendix 1 of the Supplementary data). 548 Five of these six items are on the Lower and Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian to Callovian) 549 successions of northern Iran. The material documented in these five articles is dominated by 550 pollen and spores, and all the palynomorphs are blackened and poorly-preserved due to 551 substantial levels of thermal alteration. 552 Four of the items on Iran were authored or co-authored by Fatemeh Vaez-Javadi, 553 and three of these are centered on northeast Iran. The first of these was Vaez-Javadi et al. 554 (2003), a study of the marine palynomorphs in six samples collected from the Shemshak 555 Formation of Jajarm County, northeast Iran. The material is highly blackened, and includes 556 nine species of dinoflagellate cysts and two acritarchs. Two zones, the Nannoceratopsis 557 spiculata and Valensiella ovulum biozones were established, and are of Pliensbachian– 558 Toarcian and Bajocian age respectively (Vaez-Javadi et al. 2003, fig. 2, pl. 1, 2). The 559 Nannoceratopsis spiculata biozone yielded four taxa; these are Kalyptea diceras, Liesbergia 560 liesbergensis, Nannoceratopsis spiculata and Scriniodinium? dictyophorum (as ‘Aldorfia 561 dictyophora’) (see Vaez-Javadi et al. 2003, fig. 2). Nannoceratopsis spiculata does not 562 normally occur in the Pliensbachian–Toarcian interval with younger gonyaulacacean taxa 563 such as Liesbergia liesbergensis (see Berger 1986). In the succeeding Valensiella ovulum 564 biozone (Bajocian), a more diverse flora was recorded. However, as in the Nannoceratopsis 565 spiculata biozone, some species such as Gonyaulacysta centriconnata appear to be 566 stratigraphically anomalous (Riding 1983). 567 Vaez-Javadi (2018, 2019) are both on the palynology of the Middle Jurassic 568 (Aalenian–Bajocian) Hojedk Formation of the Tabas Block in northeast Iran. In a substantial 569 paper, Vaez-Javadi (2018, fig. 2) reported a moderately diverse dinoflagellate cyst 570 association dominated by the genera Kalyptea, Nannoceratopsis and Pareodinia. This 571 assemblage was assigned to the Nannoceratopsis triceras-Pareodinia ceratophora 572 assemblage zone. The presence of species such as Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis 573 symmetrica, Nannoceratopsis triceras and Pareodinia ceratophora is consistent with an 574 Aalenian–Bajocian age (Bucefalo Palliani and Riding 2000, 2003). Vaez-Javadi (2019) is a 17

575 report on 38 samples from the Hojedk Formation of the Chahrekhneh borehole, southwest of 576 Tabas, in South Khorasan Province, northeast Iran. A less diverse dinoflagellate cyst 577 assemblage was recovered than in Vaez-Javadi (2018), but it also comprised the genera 578 Kalyptea, Nannoceratopsis and Pareodinia. The Nannoceratopsis sp. cf. N. gracilis interval 579 zone was established, and was assigned an Aalenian–Bajocian age. Miospore evidence also 580 contributed to this age assignment, which is consistent with other studies on marine 581 microplankton (Riding and Thomas 1992, Poulsen and Riding 2003). 582 An integrated study on the palaeobotany and palynology of the Dansirit Formation 583 (Middle Jurassic) from the Soltanieh Mountains of Zanjan Province, northwest Iran was 584 undertaken by Vaez-Javadi and Abbassi (2018). The dinoflagellate cysts recorded were 585 Nannoceratopsis triceras, Pareodinia ceratophora and Pareodinia sp. cf. P. prolongata. The 586 specimens figured are not in an optimal preservational state (Vaez-Javadi and Abbassi 2018, 587 pl. 1/16–19). The Pareodinia ceratophora-Nannoceratopsis triceras assemblage zone, of 588 Aalenian–Bajocian age, was erected on the basis of this material. 589 Badihagh et al. (2019) is a detailed study of the palynomorphs and plant 590 macrofossils from the Hojedk Formation of Well 233, southwest of Tabas city, northeast Iran. 591 This part of the Hojedk Formation of the Tabas Block is interpreted as being Middle Jurassic 592 (?Bajocian–Bathonian) in age based on the pollen and spores which dominate the 48 samples 593 studied. The entire succession studied was assigned to the Klukisporites variegatus acme 594 zone by Badihagh et al. (2019). This interpretation was based on the consistent and abundant 595 occurrence of the pteridophytic spore Klukisporites variegatus. However rare unidentified 596 dinoflagellate cysts were recorded in samples 42 and 41, in the uppermost part of the Hojedk 597 Formation, by Badihagh et al. (2019, fig. 2, tables 1, 2). It is clear that all the palynomorphs 598 recovered from the Hojedk Formation of the South Khorasan Province are very dark and 599 relatively poorly-preserved (Badihagh et al. 2019, fig. 4). This is indicative that this unit had 600 been subjected to high levels of thermal alteration. These authors illustrated one 601 indeterminate dinoflagellate cyst (Badihagh et al. 2019, fig. 4r). It is a poorly-preserved 602 subpentagonal specimen which is circumcavate/epicavate, and has a cingulum and a 603 precingular archaeopyle. The overall morphology, plus the relatively small hypocyst and the 604 apparently broken/damaged apical horn strongly suggests that this specimen is referable to 605 Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. adecta. The total range of this subspecies is Bathonian to 606 Oxfordian, but it is only common and consistent between the Callovian and middle Oxfordian 607 (Riding et al. 1985, Riding and Thomas 1992, 1997, Wiggan et al. 2017). If the specimen 608 illustrated by Badihagh et al. (2019, fig. 4r) is Gonyaulacysta jurassica subsp. adecta, this is 18

609 substantially more suggestive that the uppermost Hojedk Formation is Callovian as opposed 610 to Bathonian; it cannot be of Bajocian age. 611 The five contributions reviewed herein on the Lower and Middle Jurassic 612 (Pliensbachian–Callovian) successions of northern Iran indicate clearly that the entire region 613 has been subjected to significant levels of sub-metamorphic thermal alteration over a 614 substantial interval. This is because, following faulting during the early part of the 615 Cimmerian orogeny, Middle Jurassic siliciclastic successons were deposited in northern Iran 616 and these were affected by the Mid Cimmerian orogenic event throughout the Iran Plate 617 (Zanchi et al., 2009). Unsurprisingly, this intense tectonism has badly affected palynomorph 618 preservation. The four contributions authored or co-authored by Fatemeh Vaez-Javadi clearly 619 prove that there was a low diversity dinoflagellate cyst association, dominated by the genera 620 Nannoceratopsis and Pareodinia, in Aalenian and Bajocian successions throughout northern 621 Iran. The units examined were the Dansirit Formation of northwest Iran and the Hojedk and 622 Shemshak formations of northeast Iran. Badihagh et al. (2019) also studied the Hojedk 623 Formation of northeast Iran. These authors found evidence that part of this unit appears to be 624 somewhat younger, i.e. Callovian in age. 625 The remaining contribution on the Middle East is Issautier et al. (2019). This is a 626 major work on the depositional environments, palynostratigraphy, sedimentology and 627 sequence stratigraphy of the Minjur Formation in central Saudi Arabia. This unit was studied 628 in detail via examination of 112 cuttings and 12 core samples collected from five exploration 629 wells in central and eastern Saudi Arabia (Issautier et al. 2019, figs 1, 11, 12). The 630 palynology of this material was documented in detail, and six palynomorph zones 631 (‘palynozones’) established which span the late Carnian to Pliensbachian interval. These 632 authors reported the occurrences of the dinoflagellate cyst species Dapcodinium priscum, 633 ?Hebecysta spp., Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Rhaetogonyaulax dilatata, Rhaetogonyaulax 634 rhaetica and Rhaetogonyaulax wigginsii, together with acritarchs, foraminiferal test linings, 635 freshwater algae, pollen and spores, and prasinophytes (Issautier et al. 2019, p. 155–158; 636 170–179). It is clear that the cuttings samples are badly affected by uphole contamination or 637 caving of substantially younger Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts such as Ctenidodinium 638 sellwoodii, Korystocysta spp. and Systematophora penicillata (see Issautier et al. 2019, fig. 639 16, enclosures 1–4). Significantly, one of these allochthonous forms is Wanaea verrucosa 640 which is a marker for the late Bajocian to early Bathonian interval of Australasia (Mantle and 641 Riding 2012). These occurrences indicate that Wanaea verrucosa has a wider 642 palaeogeographical extent than was initially envisaged. 19

643 644 2.9. Sub-Arctic Russia west of the Ural Mountains 645 Holm‐Alwmark et al. (2019) is the only item solely on sub-Arctic western Russia that is 646 relevant to this review (Appendix 1 of the Supplementary data). These authors analysed 647 samples from a basal breccia and the overlying Kovernino Formation, both from above the 648 Puchezh‐Katunki impact structure east of Moscow in western Russia. Abundant pollen and 649 spores, together with Mendicodinium spp. and unidentified dinoflagellate cysts were reported, 650 and interpreted to be Pliensbachian to early Toarcian in age. 651 652 653 3. Conclusions 654 From February 2019 to March 2020, 63 publications pertaining to Triassic to earliest 655 Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts were discovered which are further to the 1878 already 656 compiled by Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2020). This makes a culmulative total of 1941 657 relevant items (Table 1). These 63 contributions are listed in Appendix 1 of the Supplemental 658 data, and are mostly on the Jurassic of Africa, the Arctic, Europe and the Middle East (Table 659 2). Items on East and West Europe are most numerous (eight and 17 respectively), and 660 overall comprise 39.7% of the total (Table 2). This marked bias towards Europe was 661 previously recorded by by Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2020). Nine and six items are on 662 the Arctic and the Middle East, and this represents 14.2% and 9.5% respectively. Africa is 663 also well-represented with 4 papers (6.4%). The other regions represented, sub-Arctic 664 Canada, China and Japan and sub-Arctic Russia, together make up 8% of the total. Multi- 665 region studies and publications with no geographical focus comprise 6.3% and 16% 666 respectively (Table 2). In terms of the stratigraphical intervals investigated, the spread is 667 relatively equable. The Early Jurassic has most studies with 19 papers either entirely focused 668 on, or including data from, this interval (Table 3). 669 670 671 Acknowledgements 672 This paper is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Keith Allen (Bristol, UK; 1935–2018), 673 Bernard Owens (Nottingham, UK; 1938–2019), Blanka Pacltová (Czech Republic; 1928– 674 2019); Randall A. Penney (Oman; 1951–2019), Pavlína Snopková (Slovakia; 1932–2019) 675 and Marco Tongiorgi (Pisa, Italy; 1934–2019), six highly distinguished palynologists who 676 very sadly passed away recently. The constructive and perceptive comments from two 20

677 reviewers significantly improved this contribution. This paper is published with the approval 678 of the Executive Director, British Geological Survey (NERC). 679 680 681 Disclosure statement 682 The author has no potential conflict of interest. 683 684 Notes on contributor 685 686 JAMES B. RIDING is a geologist/palynologist working at the British Geological Survey 687 (BGS) in Nottingham, UK. He undertook the MSc in palynology at the University of 688 Sheffield and, several years later, Jim was awarded a PhD by the same institution. During 689 2004, Jim gained a DSc from the University of Leicester, where he did his Bachelor’s degree 690 in geology. His interests include the Mesozoic–Cenozoic palynology of the world, 691 palaeoenvironmental palynology, palynomorph floral provinces, forensic palynology, 692 palynomorph preparation techniques, the history of palynology, and the morphology, 693 systematics and taxonomy of dinoflagellate cysts. Jim is a past Director-at-Large and 694 President of AASP – The Palynological Society, and became Managing Editor in 2004. 695 696 697 References 698 699 Adloff M-C, Doubinger J. 1982. Étude palynologique du Rhétien et de l’Hettangien de cinq 700 sondages situés dans les environs de Mersch (Luxembourg). Bulletin d'information des 701 géologues du bassin de Paris. 19:9–20. 702 703 Badihagh MT, Sajjadi F, Farmani T, Uhl D. 2019. Middle Jurassic palaeoenvironment and 704 palaeobiogeography of the Tabas Block, Central Iran: palynological and palaeobotanical 705 investigations. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 99:379–399. 706 707 Berger J-P. 1986. Dinoflagellates of the Callovian–Oxfordian boundary of the "Liesberg- 708 Dorf" Quarry (Berner Jura, Switzerland). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 709 Abhandlungen. 172:331–355. 710 21

711 Birkenmajer K, Gedl P. 2019. The Jurassic to Palaeogene strata in the northern boundary 712 fault zone in deep borehole PD-9 at Szczawnica, Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians, 713 Poland: biostratigraphy and tectonic implications. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae. 714 89:233–257. 715 716 Boorová D, Skupien P, Vašíček Z, Lobitzer H. 2015. Biostratigraphy of the Lower 717 Cretaceous Schrambach Formation on the classical locality of Schrambachgraben (Northern 718 Calcareous Alps, Salzburg Area). Bulletin of Geosciences. 90:89–131. 719 720 Bucefalo Palliani R, Riding, JB. 2000. A palynological investigation of the Lower and 721 lowermost Middle Jurassic strata (Sinemurian to Aalenian) from North Yorkshire, UK. 722 Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society. 53:1–16. 723 724 Bucefalo Palliani R, Riding, JB. 2003. Biostratigraphy, provincialism and evolution of 725 European Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian to early Toarcian) dinoflagellate cysts. Palynology. 726 27:179–214. 727 728 Correia VF, Riding JB, Fernandes P, Duarte LV, Pereira Z. 2017. The palynological response 729 to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic) at Peniche, Lusitanian Basin, western 730 Portugal. Marine Micropalaeontology. 137:46–63. 731 732 Costa LI, Davey RJ. 1992. Dinoflagellate cysts of the Cretaceous System. In: Powell AJ 733 (editor). A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts. British Micropalaeontological Society 734 Publications Series. Chapman and Hall, London, 99–153. 735 736 El Atfy H, Mostafa A, Maher A, Mahfouz K, Hosny A. 2019. Early Cretaceous 737 biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the northern Western Desert, Egypt: an integrated 738 palynological and micropalaeontological approach. Palaeontographica Abteilung B. 299:103– 739 132. 740 741 El Beialy SY. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts and miospores from the Mersa 742 Matruh 1 borehole, north West Desert, Eygpt. Qatar University Science Journal. 14:184–200. 743

22

744 Feist-Burkhardt S. 1990. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Hausen coreholes (Aalenian 745 to early Bajocian), southwest Germany. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration– 746 Production Elf–Aquitaine. 14:611–633. 747 748 Fensome, RA, Williams GL, MacRae RA. 2019a. The Lentin and Williams index of fossil 749 dinoflagellates 2019 edition. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 750 Contributions Series. 50, 1173 p. 751 752 Fensome RA, Williams GL, Wood SEL, Riding JB. 2019b. A review of the areoligeracean 753 and ceratiacean dinoflagellate cyst Cyclonephelium and morphologically similar genera. 754 Palynology. 43 Supplement 1, 71 p. 755 756 Gedl P. 2008. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of dark Middle Jurassic marine 757 deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica. 131:7– 758 227. 759 760 Gocht H. 1970. Dinoflagellaten-Zysten aus dem Bathonium des Erdölfeldes Aldorf (NW- 761 Deutschland). Palaeontographica Abteilung B. 129:125–165. 762 763 Hesselbo SP, Hudson AJL, Huggett JM, Leng MJ, Riding JB, Ullmann CV. 2020. 764 Palynological, geochemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the Early Jurassic Liasidium 765 Event in the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, UK. Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 53:191–211. 766 767 Hillebrandt AV, Krystyn L, Kürschner WM, Bonis NR, Ruhl M, Richoz S, Schobben MAN, 768 Urlichs M, Bown PR, Kment K, McRoberts CA, Sims M, Tomãsových A. 2013. The Global 769 Stratotype Sections and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jurassic System at Kuhjoch 770 (Karwendel Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria). Episodes. 36:162–198. 771 772 Holm‐Alwmark S, Alwmark C, Ferrière L, Lindström S, Meier MMM, Scherstén A, 773 Herrmann M, Masaitis VL, Mashchak MS, Naumov MV, Jourdan F. 2019. An Early Jurassic 774 age for the Puchezh‐Katunki impact structure (Russia) based on 40Ar/39Ar data and 775 palynology. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 54:1764–1780. 776

23

777 Ilyina VI, Nikitenko BL, Glinskikh LA. 2005. Foraminifera and dinoflagellate cyst zonation 778 and stratigraphy of the Callovian to Volgian reference section in the Tyumenskaya superdeep 779 well (West Siberia, Russia). In: Powell AJ, Riding JB. (editors). Recent Developments in 780 Applied Biostratigraphy. The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications. The 781 Geological Society, London, 109–144. 782 783 Ingrams S. 2019. High latitude palynology of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, Sverdrup 784 Basin, Arctic Canada, preliminary results. The Micropalaeontological Society Annual 785 Conference, Keyworth, Nottingham, 13th and 14th November 2019, Abstracts Volume, p. 40. 786 787 Issautier B, Le Nindre Y-M, Hooker N, Reid C, Memesh A, Dini S. 2019. Depositional 788 environments, age, and sequence stratigraphy of the Minjur Formation in outcrop and near 789 subsurface–Central Saudi Arabia. AAPG Memoir. 116:141–183. 790 791 Kemp DB, Baranyi V, Izumi K, Burgess RD. 2019. Organic matter variations and links to 792 climate across the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) in Toyora area, southwest 793 Japan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 530:90–102. 794 795 Klement KW. 1960. Dinoflagellaten und Hystrichosphaerideen aus dem unteren und 796 mittleren Malm Südwestdeutschlands. Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 114:1–104. 797 798 Koevoets MJ, Hammer O, Olaussen S, Senger K, Smelror M. 2018. Integrating subsurface 799 and outcrop data of the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation in 800 central Spitsbergen. Norwegian Journal of Geology. 98:1–34. 801 802 Koppelhus EB, Dam G. 2003. Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Rævekøft, 803 Gule Horn and Ostreaelv Formations (Lower–Middle Jurassic), Neill Klinter Group, Jameson 804 Land East Greenland. In: Ineson JR, Surlyk F (editors). The Jurassic of Denmark and 805 Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin. 1:723–775. 806 807 Kowal‑Kasprzyk J, Krajewski M, Gedl P. 2020. The oldest stage of the Outer Carpathian 808 evolution in the light of Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian exotic clast studies (southern Poland). 809 Facies. 66:11, doi: 10.1007/s10347-020-0595-y. 810 24

811 Krencker F-N, Lindström S, Bodin S. 2019. A major sea-level drop briefly precedes the 812 Toarcian oceanic anoxic event: implication for Early Jurassic climate and carbon cycle. 813 Nature Scientific Reports. 9:12518. 814 815 Lebedeva NK, Nikitenko BL, Colpaert C. 2019. Dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera of the 816 Upper Jurassic Lopsiya River sections, Nether-Polar Urals, NW Western Siberia (Russia). 817 Revue de Micropaléontologie. 64:100361. 818 819 Lin M, Li J. 2019. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous palynofloras in the Lhasa Block, central 820 Xizang, China and their bearing on palaeoenvironments. Palaeogeography, 821 Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 515:95–106. 822 823 Mahmoud MS, Deaf AS. 2007. Cretaceous palynology (spores, pollen and dinoflagellate 824 cysts) of the Siqeifa 1-x borehole, northern Egypt. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia y 825 Stratigrafia. 113: 203–221. 826 827 Mantle DJ, Riding JB. 2012. Palynology of the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Bathonian) 828 Wanaea verrucosa dinoflagellate cyst zone of the North West Shelf of Australia. Review of 829 Palaeobotany and Palynology. 180:41–78. 830 831 Morgenroth P. 1970. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Lias Delta of Lühnde/Germany. Neues 832 Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen. 136:345–359. 833 834 Nøhr-Hansen H, Piasecki S, Alsen P. 2019. A Cretaceous dinoflagellate cyst zonation for NE 835 Greenland. Geological Magazine, doi: 10.1017/ S0016756819001043. 836 837 Olaussen S, Larssen GB, Helland-Hansen W, Johannessen EP, Nottvedt A, Riis F, Rismyhr 838 B, Smelror M, Worsley D. 2018. Mesozoic strata of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Norway; a 839 link to the northern Barents Sea basins and platforms. Norwegian Journal of Geology. 98:1– 840 69. 841 842 Omran AM, Soliman HA, Mahmoud MS. 1990. Early Cretaceous palynology of three 843 boreholes from northern Western Desert (Egypt). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 844 66:293–312. 25

845 846 Paterson NW, Mangerud G. 2015. Late Triassic (Carnian – Rhaetian) palynology of Hopen, 847 Svalbard. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 220:98–119. 848 849 Paterson NW, Mangerud G. 2019. A revised palynozonation for the Middle–Upper Triassic 850 (Anisian–Rhaetian) Series of the Norwegian Arctic. Geological Magazine, doi: 851 10.1017/S0016756819000906. 852 853 Poulsen NE, Riding JB. 2003. The Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst zonation of Subboreal 854 Northwest Europe. In: Ineson JR, Surlyk, F. (editors). The Jurassic of Denmark and 855 Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin. 1:115–144. 856 857 Richards PC, Lott GK, Johnson H, Knox RWO'B, Riding JB 1993. 3. Jurassic of the Central 858 and Northern North Sea. In: Knox RWO'B, Cordey WG (editors). Lithostratigraphic 859 nomenclature of the UK North Sea. British Geological Survey, Nottingham, 219 p. 860 861 Riding JB. 1983. Gonyaulacysta centriconnata sp. nov., a dinoflagellate cyst from the late 862 Callovian and early Oxfordian of eastern England. Palynology. 7:197–204. 863 864 Riding JB. 1984. A palynological investigation of Toarcian to early Aalenian strata from the 865 Blea Wyke area, Ravenscar, North Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological 866 Society. 45:109–122. 867 868 Riding J.B. 1994. A taxonomic study of the Mesozoic dinoflagellate cysts Phallocysta 869 elongata (Beju 1971) comb. nov., emend nov. and Wallodinium cylindricum (Habib 1970) 870 Duxbury 1983 emend nov. Palynology. 18:11–22. 871 872 Riding JB. 2012. A compilation and review of the literature on Triassic, Jurassic, and earliest 873 Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 874 Contributions Series No. 46, 119 p. 875 876 Riding JB. 2013. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 877 cysts: supplement 1. Palynology. 37:345–354. 878 26

879 Riding JB. 2014. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 880 cysts: supplement 2. Palynology. 38:334–347. 881 882 Riding JB. 2019a. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 883 cysts: supplement 3. Palynology. 43:104–150. 884 885 Riding JB. 2019b. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 886 cysts (version #1 – May 2019), 416 p. Available online: https://palynology.org/the-literature- 887 on-triassic-jurassic-and-earliest-cretaceous-dinoflagellate-cysts-version-1-may-2019/#. 888 889 Riding JB. 2020. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 890 cysts: supplement 4. Palynology. 44:391–404. 891 892 Riding JB, Thomas JE. 1988. Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Kimmeridge Clay 893 (Upper Jurassic) from the Dorset coast, southern England. Palynology. 12:65–88. 894 895 Riding JB, Thomas JE. 1992. Dinoflagellate cysts of the Jurassic System. In: Powell AJ 896 (editor). A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts. British Micropalaeontological Society 897 Publications Series. Chapman and Hall, London, 7–97. 898 899 Riding JB, Thomas JE. 1997. Marine palynomorphs from the Staffin Bay and Staffin Shale 900 formations (Middle–Upper Jurassic) of the Trotternish Peninsula, NW Skye. Scottish Journal 901 of Geology. 33:59–74. 902 903 Riding JB, Penn IE, Woollam R. 1985. Dinoflagellate cysts from the type area of the 904 Bathonian Stage (Middle Jurassic; southwest England). Review of Palaeobotany and 905 Palynology. 45:149–169. 906 907 Riding JB, Walton W, Shaw D. 1991. Toarcian to Bathonian (Jurassic) palynology of the 908 Inner Hebrides, northwest Scotland. Palynology. 15:115–179. 909 910 Riding JB, Fedorova VA, Ilyina VI. 1999. Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous dinoflagellate 911 cyst biostratigraphy of the Russian Platform and northern Siberia, Russia. American 912 Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series. 36, 179 p. 27

913 914 Riding JB, Leng MJ, Kender S, Hesselbo SP, Feist-Burkhardt S. 2013. Isotopic and 915 palynological evidence for a new Early Jurassic environmental perturbation. 916 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 374:16–27. 917 918 Rodrigues B, Silva RL, Filho JGM, Sadki D, Mendonça JO, Duarte LV. 2020. Late 919 Pliensbachian–Early Toarcian palaeoenvironmental dynamics and the Pliensbachian– 920 Toarcian Event in the Middle Atlas Basin (Morocco). International Journal of Coal Geology. 921 217, 103339. 922 923 Schobben M, Gravendyck J, Mangels F, Struck U, Bussert R, Kürschner WM, Korn D, 924 Sander PM, Aberhan M. 2019. A comparative study of total organic carbon-δ13C signatures 925 in the Triassic–Jurassic transitional beds of the Central European Basin and western Tethys 926 shelf seas. Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 52:461–486. 927 928 Segit T, Matyja BA, Wierzbowski A. 2015. The Middle Jurassic succession in the central 929 sector of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Sprzycne Creek): implications for the timing of the 930 Czorsztyn Ridge development. Geologica Carpathica. 66:285–302. 931 932 Skupien P, Doupovcová P. 2019. Dinoflagellates and calpionellids of the Jurassic–Cretaceous 933 boundary, Outer Western Carpathians (Czech Republic). Cretaceous Research. 99:209–228. 934 935 Slater SM, McKie T, Vieira M, Wellman CH, Vajda V. 2017. Episodic river flooding events 936 revealed by palynological assemblages in Jurassic deposits of the Brent Group, North Sea. 937 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 485:389–400. 938 939 Slater SM, Twitchett RJ, Danise S, Vajda V. 2019. Substantial vegetation response to Early 940 Jurassic global warming with impacts on oceanic anoxia. Nature Geoscience. 12:462–467. 941 942 Smelror M, Larssen GB, Olaussen S, Rømuld A, Williams R. 2018. Late Triassic to Early 943 Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Arctic Norway, with 944 correlations to Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia. Norwegian Journal of Geology. 98:1–31. 945

28

946 Steeman T, De Weirdt J, Smith T, De Putter T, Mees F, Louwye S. 2020. Dinoflagellate cyst 947 biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the early Paleogene Landana reference section, Cabinda 948 Province, Angola. Palynology. 44:280–309. 949 950 Stover LE, Evitt WR. 1978. Analyses of pre-Pleistocene organic-walled dinoflagellates. 951 Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences. 15, 300 p. 952 953 Svobodová A, Švábenická L, Reháková D, Svobodová M, Skupien P, Elbra T, Schnabl P. 954 2019. The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and high resolution biostratigraphy of the pelagic 955 sequences of the Kurovice section (Outer Western Carpathians, the northern Tethyan 956 margin). Geologica Carpathica. 70:153–182. 957 958 Thomas JE, Cox BM. 1988. The Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Stage boundary (Upper Jurassic): 959 dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Harome Borehole, north Yorkshire, England. 960 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 56:313–326. 961 962 Vaez-Javadi F. 2018. Dinoflagellate palynostratigraphy of Middle Jurassic of the Hojedk 963 Formation, Tabas, central-east Iran and its correlation to the other palynomorph zones in Iran 964 and elsewhere. Quarterly Journal of Geosciences. 127:265–276. 965 966 Vaez Javadi F. 2019. Middle Jurassic palynology of the southwest Tabas Block, Central-East 967 Iran. Palynology. doi: 10.1080/01916122.2019.1637954. 968 969 Vaez-Javadi F, Abbassi N. 2018. Middle Jurassic biostratigraphy of plant macro and 970 microfossils in Soltanieh Mountains, south of Zanjan, NW Iran. Geosciences. 106:91–102. 971 972 Vaez-Javadi F, Ghavidel-Syooki M, Ghasemi-Nejad I. 2003. Biostratigraphy of Shemshak 973 Formation in Ozon Mountain, Jajarm based on dinoflagellata. Journal of Science, University 974 of Tehran. 29:141–160. 975 976 van de Schootbrugge B, Houben AJP, Ercan FEZ, Verreussel R, Kerstholt S, Janssen NMM, 977 Nikitenko B, Suan G. 2019. Enhanced Arctic-Tethys connectivity ended the Toarcian 978 Oceanic Anoxic Event in NW Europe. Geological Magazine, doi: 979 10.1017/S0016756819001262. 29

980 981 Wierzbowski A, Smelror M, Mork A. 2002. Ammonites and dinoflagellate cysts in the Upper 982 Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian of the northeastern Norwegian Sea (Nordland VII offshore 983 area): biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und 984 Paläontologie Abhandlungen. 226:145–164. 985 986 Wiggan NJ, Riding JB, Franz M. 2017. Resolving the Middle Jurassic dinoflagellate 987 radiation: the palynology of the Bajocian of Swabia, southwest Germany. Review of 988 Palaeobotany and Palynology. 238:55–87. 989 990 Wiggan NJ, Riding JB, Fensome RA, Mattioli E. 2018. The Bajocian (Middle Jurassic): A 991 key interval in the early Mesozoic phytoplankton radiation. Earth-Science Reviews. 180:126– 992 146. 993 994 Wilson GJ, Clowes CD. 1981. A concise catalogue of organic-walled fossil dinoflagellate 995 genera. New Zealand Geological Survey Report. 92, 199 p. 996 997 Wood SEL, Riding JB, Fensome RA, Williams GL. 2016. A review of the Sentusidinium 998 complex of dinoflagellate cysts. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 234:61–93. 999 1000 Woollam R, Riding JB. 1983. Dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the English Jurassic. Institute of 1001 Geological Sciences Report. 83/2, 42 p. 1002 1003 Zanchi A, Zanchetta S, Berra F, Mattei M, Garzanti E, Molyneux S, Nawa A, Sabouri J. 1004 2009. The Eo-Cimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in North Iran. In: Brunet M-F, Wilmsen 1005 M, Granath JW (eds), South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. Geological Society, London, 1006 Special Publications. 312:31–55. 1007 1008 1009 Display material captions: 1010 1011 Table 1. A breakdown of the 1941 publications on Triassic to earliest Cretaceous 1012 dinoflagellate cysts compiled by Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2020) and herein based on 1013 the 23 relevant specified geographical region(s), plus multi-region studies and those with no 30

1014 geographical focus, and the initial letter of the family name of the first author. The number in 1015 the geographical region cell refers to the number of relevant published items on that area 1016 alone. An ellipsis (…) indicates a zero return for that particular parameter. 1017 1018 Table 2. A breakdown of the 63 publications on Triassic to earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 1019 cysts compiled herein, based on 11 specified relevant geographical region(s) plus multi- 1020 region studies and those with no geographical focus, and the initial letter of the family name 1021 of the first author. The number in the geographical region cell refers to the number of 1022 relevant published items on that area alone. An ellipsis (…) indicates a zero return for that 1023 particular parameter. 1024 1025 Table 3. A breakdown of the 63 publications on Triassic to earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate 1026 cysts compiled herein, subdivided chronostratigraphically. The intervals are Triassic, Early 1027 Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous transition, investigations 1028 comprising three or more of the previous intervals and studies with no stratigraphical focus, 1029 and reworking. Some latitude and pragmatism are used in this compilation. For example if a 1030 publication is on the Berriasian and Valanginian it is classified as covering the Jurassic- 1031 Cretaceous transition. One item may be counted twice if, for example, it spans the Toarcian 1032 to Bathonian i.e. Early and Middle Jurassic) but not three times. An ellipsis (…) indicates a 1033 zero return for that particular parameter. 1034 1035

31

1036 1037 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA I 1038 1039 Appendix 1. List of Literature 1040 1041 Sixty-three contributions on Triassic to earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts issued after 1042 the publication of Riding (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2020), and older papers discovered after 1043 these compilations were made, are listed in alphabetical/chronological order below. The 1044 reference format used is much the same as in Riding (2013), which was slightly modified 1045 from Riding (2012). Digital Object Identifier (doi) numbers are included where these are 1046 available. The nine papers which are deemed to be of major significance are asterisked. The 1047 language in which a paper was written in is indicated if it is not in English. A synthesis of the 1048 scope of each item is given as a string of keywords in parentheses after each citation. These 1049 keywords attempt to comprehensively summarise the principal subject matter, age range, 1050 major geographical region(s) and country/countries. A distinction is made between 1051 publications which present new data (‘primary data’), and those which compile, review or 1052 summarise existing data (‘compilation’ etc.). Two abstracts are listed here, and these are 1053 denoted by the word ‘summary’ in the keyword string. If the author(s) have included 1054 photographs, occurrence charts and a zonal breakdown, these are indicated respectively in the 1055 keywords. For the purpose of this work, the world is subdivided into 23 major geographical 1056 regions. These are East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, Central America, northern 1057 South America, southern South America, Greater Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula, East 1058 Arctic, West Arctic, Southeast Asia, Australasia, sub-Arctic East Canada, sub-Arctic West 1059 Canada, China and Japan, East Europe, sub-Arctic West Europe, the Indian subcontinent, the 1060 Middle East, sub-Arctic Russia east of the Ural Mountains, sub-Arctic Russia west of the 1061 Ural Mountains, U.S.A. east of the Rocky Mountains and U.S.A. west of the Rocky 1062 Mountains (Table 1). 1063 1064 1065 A 1066 1067 ADLOFF, M.-C., and DOUBINGER, J. 1982. Étude palynologique du Rhétien et de 1068 l’Hettangien de cinq sondages situés dans les environs de Mersch (Luxembourg). Bulletin

32

1069 d'information des géologues du bassin de Paris, 19(2): 9–20 (in French with an English 1070 abstract). 1071 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation; boreholes; Dapcodinium priscum; diversity; pollen 1072 and spores; prasinophytes; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; primary data; quantitative occurrence 1073 charts; photographs; latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic [Rhaetian–Hettangian]; sub-Arctic West 1074 Europe [Mersch, central Luxembourg]) 1075 1076 1077 B 1078 1079 BADIHAGH, M.T., SAJJADI, F., FARMANI, T., and UHL, D. 2019. Middle Jurassic 1080 palaeoenvironment and palaeobiogeography of the Tabas Block, Central Iran: palynological 1081 and palaeobotanical investigations. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 99: 379–399 1082 (doi: 10.1007/s12549-018-0361-0). 1083 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; floral affinities; kerogen; Klukisporites variegatus 1084 acme zone; lithostratigraphy [Hojedk Formation]; Mid Asian part of the Indo-European floral 1085 province; palaeobiogeography; palaeobotany; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; palynofacies; 1086 plant macrofossils; pollen and spores; primary data; occurrence charts; photographs; Middle 1087 Jurassic [?Bajocian–Bathonian]; Middle East [Well 233, South Kuchak-Ali area, South 1088 Khorasan Province, southwest of Tabas city, Tabas Block, central Iran]) 1089 1090 BAILEY, D.A. 2020. BioStrat Limited Early Jurassic Zonation. Available online at: 1091 http://www.biostrat.org.uk/EJ%202011%20postcon.pdf (accessed 30 January 2020). 1092 (ammonite zones; bioevents; biostratigraphy; biozonation; chronostratigraphy; informal taxa; 1093 pollen and spores; prasinophytes; compilation; Early Jurassic [Hettangian–Toarcian]; sub- 1094 Arctic West Europe [no specific geographical focus]) 1095 1096 BAILEY, D.A. 2020. BioStrat Limited Mid Jurassic Zonation. Available online at: 1097 http://www.biostrat.org.uk/MJ%202011%20eventspostcon.pdf (accessed 30 January 2020). 1098 (ammonite zones; bioevents; biostratigraphy; biozonation; Botryococcus; chronostratigraphy; 1099 informal taxa; pollen and spores; compilation; Middle Jurassic [Aalenian–Callovian]; sub- 1100 Arctic West Europe [no specific geographical focus]) 1101

33

1102 BAILEY, D.A. 2020. BioStrat Limited Late Jurassic Zonation. Available online at: 1103 http://www.biostrat.org.uk/LJ%202011%20events%20postcon.pdf (accessed 30 January 1104 2020). 1105 (acritarchs; ammonite zones; bioevents; biostratigraphy; biozonation; chronostratigraphy; 1106 informal taxa; compilation; Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous [Oxfordian–Berriasian]; sub- 1107 Arctic West Europe [no specific geographical focus]) 1108 1109 BAILEY, D.A. 2020. BioStrat Limited Early Cretaceous Zonation. Available online at: 1110 http://www.biostrat.org.uk/EK%20Zones%202011postcon.pdf (accessed 30 January 2020). 1111 (bioevents; biostratigraphy; biozonation; chronostratigraphy; informal taxa; compilation; 1112 Early Cretaceous [Berriasian–Albian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [no specific geographical 1113 focus]) 1114 1115 BIRKENMAJER, K., and GEDL, P. 2019. The Jurassic to Palaeogene strata in the northern 1116 boundary fault zone in deep borehole PD-9 at Szczawnica, Pieniny Klippen Belt, West 1117 Carpathians, Poland: biostratigraphy and tectonic implications. Annales Societatis 1118 Geologorum Poloniae, 89(3): 233–257 (doi: 10.14241/asgp.2019.18). 1119 (biostratigraphy; geological background; Grajcarek Unit; lithostratigraphy [the Bryjarka 1120 Member and the Hałuszowa, Jarmuta, Malinowa Shale, Szczawnica and Szlachtowa 1121 formations]; Magura Nappe; Pieniny Klippen Belt; structural geology; tectonic thrust sheet; 1122 tectonics; West Carpathian Mountains; primary data; quantitative occurrence chart; 1123 photographs; Early–Middle Jurassic to Eocene [Toarcian–Aalenian to Ypresian]; East Europe 1124 [Szczawnica, central southern Poland]) 1125 1126 BOOROVÁ, D., SKUPIEN, P., VAŠÍČEK, Z., and LOBITZER, H. 2015. Biostratigraphy of 1127 the Lower Cretaceous Schrambach Formation on the classical locality of Schrambachgraben 1128 (Northern Calcareous Alps, Salzburg Area). Bulletin of Geosciences, 90(1), 89–131 (doi: 1129 10.3140/bull.geosci). 1130 (ammonites; aptychi, biostratigraphy; calpionellids; calcareous dinoflagellate cysts; 1131 geological background; palynofacies; lithostratigraphy [Oberalm, Schrambach and Rossfeld 1132 formations], reworking; taxonomy; tectonic slices; primary data; non-quantitative occurrence 1133 charts; photographs; Early Cretaceous [Berriasian–Valanginian]; sub-Arctic West Europe 1134 [Schrambachgraben, Salzachtal, near Hallein and Kuchl, south of Salzburg, central Austria]) 1135 34

1136 1137 D 1138 1139 DOWNIE, C., and SARJEANT, W.A.S. 1965. Bibliography and index of fossil 1140 dinoflagellates and acritarchs. Geological Society of America, Memoir, No. 94, 180 p. 1141 (acritarchs; bibliography; index; compilation; no geographical or stratigraphical focus) 1142 1143 1144 E 1145 1146 EL ATFY, H., MOSTAFA, A., MAHER, A., MAHFOUZ, K., and HOSNY, A. 2019. Early 1147 Cretaceous biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the northern Western Desert, Egypt: an 1148 integrated palynological and micropalaeontological approach. Palaeontographica Abteilung 1149 B: Palaeobotany – Palaeophytology, 299 (1–6): 103–132 (doi: 10.1127/palb/2019/0064). 1150 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; floral dynamics; foraminifera; foraminiferal test 1151 linings; freshwater algae; fungal remains; geological background; lithostratigraphy [Alam El 1152 Bueib and Alamein members of the Burg El Arab Formation]; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; 1153 palynofacies; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; primary data; photographs; non-quantitative 1154 and quantitative occurrence charts; Early Cretacous [Berriasian–Aptian]; North Africa 1155 [Obaiyed Oilfield, northwest Matruh Basin, northern Western Desert, northwest Egypt]) 1156 1157 1158 F 1159 1160 FENSOME, R.A., WILLIAMS, G.L., and MACRAE, R.A. 2019. The Lentin and Williams 1161 index of fossil dinoflagellates 2019 edition. American Association of Stratigraphic 1162 Palynologists Contributions Series, No. 50, 1173 p. 1163 (acritarchs; age of type material; alphabetical index; calcareous dinoflagellate cysts; 1164 coccolithophorids; cyanobacteria; dictyophycea; desmids; foraminifera; freshwater algae; 1165 fungi; glossary; incertae sedis; mineral grains; pollen; prasinophytes; radiolaria; rules of 1166 nomenclature; schizosporous algae; silicoflagellates; sponges; spores; taxonomy; 1167 compilation; no geographical or stratigraphical focus) 1168

35

1169 FENSOME, R.A., WILLIAMS, G.L., WOOD, S.E.L., and RIDING, J.B. 2019. A review of 1170 the areoligeracean and ceratiacean dinoflagellate cyst Cyclonephelium and morphologically 1171 similar genera. Palynology, 43, Supplement No. 1, 71 p. (doi: 1172 10.1080/01916122.2019.1596391). 1173 (areoligeracean dinoflagellate cysts; ceratiacean dinoflagellate cysts; Cyclonephelium group 1174 (11 genera); evolution; generic definitions; history; morphology (acavate/cavate; horn and 1175 ornamentation distribution; intergradation; sulcus offset to the left); palaeoecology; 1176 palaeogeography; stratigraphical occurrences; tabulation; taxonomy; type material; 1177 taxonomic review; photographs; Late Jurassic–Cretaceous–Paleogene/Neogene 1178 [Kimmeridgian–Holocene]; no geographical focus) 1179 Note that the online Supplemental data to this paper comprises primary data on the Early 1180 Cretaceous (?Barremian) and younger successions of Arctic Canada and offshore eastern 1181 Canada (https://doi.org/110.1080/01916122.2019.1596391). 1182 1183 1184 H 1185 1186 HABIB, D. 1979. Sedimentary origin of North Atlantic Cretaceous palynomorphs. In: 1187 Talwani, M., Hay, W., and Ryan, W.B.F. (editors). Deep drilling results in the Atlantic 1188 Ocean: continental margins and paleoenvironment, 3: 420–437 (doi: 10.1029/ME003p0420) 1189 American Geophysical Union, Maurice Ewing Series. 1190 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP]; deltaic deposition; 1191 palaeoecology; palaeogeography; palynofacies; pollen and spores; sedimentology; primary 1192 data; quantitative occurrence charts; photographs; earliest–Late Cretaceous [Berriasian– 1193 Cenomanian]; multi-region: sub-Arctic West Europe [Spain]; U.S.A. east of the Rocky 1194 Mountains [offshore East U.S.A., western North Atlantic Ocean]) 1195 1196 HESSELBO, S.P., and PIEŃKOWSKI, G. 2011. Stepwise atmospheric carbon-isotope 1197 excursion during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic, Polish Basin). Earth 1198 and Planetary Science Letters, 301(1–2): 365–372 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.021). 1199 (ammonites; carbon cycle; chemostratigraphy; clay minerals; correlation; eccentricity 1200 forcing; eustacy; flooding surfaces; gas hydrate (methane) release; glacioeustacy; 1201 lithostratigraphy [Komorowo, Drzewica and Ciechocinek formations]; Luehndea spinosa; 1202 megaspores; palaeoclimate; Polish Basin; sedimentology; sediment supply; sequence 36

1203 stratigraphy; stepwise carbon isotope excursions; terrestrial organic matter; Toarcian Oceanic 1204 Anoxic Event [T-OAE]; weathering; primary data; Early Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Toarcian]; 1205 East Europe [Brody-Lubienia, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Kozłowice, Mechowo, Parkoszowice 1206 and Suliszowice, central Poland]) 1207 1208 *HESSELBO, S.P., HUDSON, A.J.L., HUGGETT, J.M., LENG, M.J., RIDING, J.B., and 1209 ULLMANN, C.V. 2020. Palynological, geochemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the 1210 Early Jurassic Liasidium Event in the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, UK. Newsletters on 1211 Stratigraphy, 53(2): 191–211 (doi: 10.1127/nos/2019/0536). 1212 (acritarchs; Asteroceras obtusum and Oxynoticeras oxynotum ammonite zones; authigenic 1213 processes; biostratigraphy; Botryococcus braunii; carbonate minerals; Carboniferous 1214 reworking; chemostratigraphy; Classopollis classoides; clay mineralogy; Cleveland Basin; 1215 diagenesis; geochemistry [carbon isotope analysis; carbon:nitrogen ratios, elemental 1216 analyses; total nitrogen; total organic carbon]; hand-held X-ray fluorescence analyses; 1217 hyperthermal event; kerogen; Liasidium Event; Liasidium variabile; lithostratigraphy 1218 [Silicious Shale Member of the Redcar Mudstone Formation]; organic matter; 1219 palaeoclimatology; palaeoecology; paragenesis; petrography; pollen and spores; 1220 prasinophytes; scanning electron microscopy; sea level changes and sequence stratigraphy 1221 [lithological cycles/parasequences, maximum flooding, regressive-transgressive facies trends; 1222 short eccentricity cycles]; X-ray diffraction; primary data; quantitative occurrence chart; 1223 photographs; Early Jurassic [Sinemurian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [Boggle Hole, Robin 1224 Hood’s Bay, North Yorkshire, northern England]) 1225 1226 HILLEBRANDT, A.V., KRYSTYN, L., KÜRSCHNER, W.M., BONIS, N.R., RUHL, M., 1227 RICHOZ, S., SCHOBBEN, M.A.N., URLICHS, M., BOWN, P.R., KMENT, K., 1228 McROBERTS, C.A., SIMMS, M., and TOMÃSOVÝCH, A. 2013. The Global Stratotype 1229 Sections and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jurassic System at Kuhjoch (Karwendel 1230 Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria). Episodes, 36(3): 162–198. 1231 (acritarchs; ammonites; biostratigraphy; bivalves; brachiopods; calcareous nannofossils; 1232 carbon isotope data; correlation; cyclo- and isotope stratigraphy; diagenesis; conodonts; 1233 crinoids; crustaceans; Dapcodinium priscum; echinoids; foraminifera; gastropods; 1234 geochemistry; geological setting; Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP); kerogen 1235 analysis; lithostratigraphy (the Eiberg Member of the Kössen Formation and the 1236 Tiefengraben Member of the Kendlbach Formation); ostracods; palaeobiogeography; 37

1237 palaeomagnetism; pollen and spores; radiometric geochronology; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; 1238 Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) boundary; scaphopods; primary data; latest Triassic and earliest 1239 Jurassic [Rhaetian–Hettangian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [the Kuhjoch Pass, Karwendel 1240 Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, western Austria]) 1241 1242 HOLM‐ALWMARK, S., ALWMARK, C., FERRIÈRE, L., LINDSTRÖM, S., MEIER, 1243 M.M.M., SCHERSTÉN, A., HERRMANN, M., MASAITIS, V.L., MASHCHAK, M.S., 1244 NAUMOV, M.V., and JOURDAN, F. 2019. An Early Jurassic age for the Puchezh‐Katunki 1245 impact structure (Russia) based on 40Ar/39Ar data and palynology. Meteoritics and Planetary 1246 Science, 54(8): 1764–1780 (doi: 10.1111/maps.13309). 1247 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation; Botryococcus braunii; geochronology (40Ar/39Ar 1248 dating); geological setting; history of study; impactites; lithostratigraphy (Kovernino 1249 Formation); Mendicodinium spp.; Permian reworking; petrography; pollen and spores; post- 1250 impact crater lake sediments; prasinophytes; radiometric dating; thin sections; Early Jurassic 1251 [Pliensbachian–Toarcian]; sub-Arctic Russia west of the Ural Mountains [Puchezh‐Katunki 1252 impact structure, Privolzhsky Fereral District, east of Moscow]) 1253 1254 1255 I 1256 1257 INGRAMS, S. 2019. High latitude palynology of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, 1258 Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada, preliminary results. The Micropalaeontological Society 1259 Annual Conference, Keyworth, Nottingham, 13th and 14th November 2019, Abstracts Volume, 1260 p. 40. 1261 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; chorate and proximochorate dinoflagellate cysts; dropstones; 1262 eustacy; glaciations; glendonites; morphology; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; summary; Late 1263 Jurassic–Early Cretaceous [Oxfordian–Valanginian]; West Arctic [Rollrock section, northern 1264 Ellesmere Island, Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada]) 1265 1266 *ISSAUTIER, B., LE NINDRE, Y.-M., HOOKER, N., REID, C., MEMESH, A., and DINI, 1267 S. 2019. Chapter 5. Depositional environments, age, and sequence stratigraphy of the Minjur 1268 Formation in outcrop and near subsurface–Central Saudi Arabia. In: Al Anzi, H.R., Rahmani, 1269 R.A., Steel, R.J., and Soliman, O.M. (editors). Siliciclastic Reservoirs of the Arabian Plate. 1270 AAPG Memoir, No. 116: 141–183 (doi: 10.1306/13642172M1183803). 38

1271 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation; caving; conodonts; correlation; depositional 1272 environments; facies analysis; foraminiferal test linings; freshwater algae; geological 1273 background; isopach map; lithostratigraphy [Minjur Formation]; palaeoclimate; 1274 palaeoecology; palaeogeography; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; reworking; 1275 sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; primary data; semi-quantitative occurrence charts; 1276 Late Triassic–Early Jurassic [Carnian–Pliensbachian]; Middle East [central Saudi Arabia]) 1277 1278 1279 J 1280 1281 JAIN, S. 2020. Dinoflagellates. In: Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology. Springer 1282 Geology. Springer, New Delhi, 67–92 (doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-3962-8_4). 1283 (archaeopyle; biostratigraphy; geological record; living dinoflagellates; morphology; 1284 phytoplankton; tabulation; zooplankton; review article; bioevent charts; line drawings; Late 1285 Triassic–Quaternary [Rhaetian–Holocene]; no geographical focus) 1286 1287 1288 K 1289 1290 KEMP, D.B., BARANYI, V., IZUMI, K., and BURGESS, R.D. 2019. Organic matter 1291 variations and links to climate across the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) in 1292 Toyora area, southwest Japan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 530: 1293 90–102 (doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.040). 1294 (acritarchs; ammonite zones; carbon and nitrogen isotopes; carbon cycle; climate 1295 change/global warming; fluvial flood events; global carbon release; hydrological cycling; 1296 lithostratigraphy [Nishinakayama Formation, Toyora Group]; Luehndea spinosa; 1297 palaeoecology; palynofacies; pollen and spores; Tabe Basin; thermal maturity; thin sections; 1298 Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE); primary data; semi-quantitative occurrence chart; 1299 photographs; Early Jurassic [Toarcian]; China and Japan [Sakuraguchi-dani stream section, 1300 Toyota Town area, Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwest Japan]) 1301 1302 *KOEVOETS, M.J., HAMMER, O., OLAUSSEN, S., SENGER, K., and SMELROR, M. 1303 2018. Integrating subsurface and outcrop data of the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous

39

1304 Agardhfjellet Formation in central Spitsbergen. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 98(4): 1–34 1305 (doi: 10.17850/njg98-4-01). 1306 (ammonites; biostratigraphy; Botryococcus; brachiopods; carbon isotopes; 1307 chemostratigraphy; correlation; downhole logging; facies analysis; fish teeth; frost 1308 weathering; geological setting; lithostratigraphy [Agardhfjellet Formation]; Longyearbyen 1309 carbon dioxide storage project; palaeoecology; marine reptiles; molluscs; reworking; sea 1310 floor oxygenation levels; sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; structural geology; this 1311 sections; total organic carbon [TOC]; trace fossils; X-ray flourescence geochemistry; primary 1312 data; semi-quantitative occurrence chart; Middle Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous [Bathonian– 1313 Berriasian (Ryazanian)]; East Arctic [central Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic 1314 Ocean]) 1315 1316 KOWAL‑KASPRZYK, J., KRAJEWSKI, M., and GEDL, P. 2020. The oldest stage of the 1317 Outer Carpathian evolution in the light of Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian exotic clast studies 1318 (southern Poland). Facies, 66, 11, doi: 10.1007/s10347-020-0595-y. 1319 (biostratigraphy; calcareous dinoflagellate cysts; exotic clasts; facies analysis; foraminifera; 1320 foraminiferal test linings; geological background; limestones; lithostratigraphy; microfacies; 1321 palaeobathymmetry; palaeoecology; palaeogeography; provenance analysis; reworking; 1322 primary data; occurrence chart; photographs; Late Jurassic [Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian]; East 1323 Europe [Outer Carpathians, south of Kraków, southern Poland]) 1324 1325 KRENCKER, F.-N., LINDSTRÖM, S., and BODIN, S. 2019. A major sea-level drop briefly 1326 precedes the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event: implication for Early Jurassic climate and carbon 1327 cycle. Nature Scientific Reports, 9: 12518, 12 p. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48956-x). 1328 (biozonation; carbon cycle; correlation; eustacy; geochemistry; glaciation; global warming; 1329 lithostratigraphy; macrofossils; palaeoclimate; polar ice sheet; pollen and spores; reworking; 1330 sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event [T-OAE]; trace 1331 fossils; primary data; Early–Middle Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Aalenian]; multi-region: North 1332 Africa [Central High Atlas Basin, Morocco]; West Arctic (Jameson Land Basin, East 1333 Greenland) 1334 1335 1336 L 1337 40

1338 *LEBEDEVA, N.K., NIKITENKO, B.L., and COLPAERT, C. 2019. Dinoflagellate cysts 1339 and foraminifera of the Upper Jurassic Lopsiya River sections, Nether-Polar Urals, NW 1340 Western Siberia (Russia). Revue de Micropaléontologie, 64: 100361 (doi: 1341 10.1016/j.revmic.2019.07.001). 1342 (acritarchs; ammonite zones; biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; foraminifera; 1343 freshwater algae; geological setting; molluscs; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; 1344 Sentusidinium-Batiacasphaera-Kallosphaeridium group; primary data; photographs; Late 1345 Jurassic [Oxfordian–Tithonian (Volgian)]; East Arctic [Lopsiya River, sub-Polar Ural 1346 Mountains, northwest Siberia, northern Russia]) 1347 1348 LIN, M., and LI, J. 2019. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous palynofloras in the Lhasa Block, 1349 central Xizang, China and their bearing on palaeoenvironments. Palaeogeography, 1350 Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 515: 95–106 (doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.038). 1351 (biostratigraphy; lithostratigraphy [Duoni, Duodigou, Linbuzong and Chumulong 1352 formations]; palaeoclimates; palaeoecology; palaeogeography; palaeovegetation; pollen and 1353 spores; primary data; photographs; Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous [undifferentiated– 1354 Barremian]; China and Japan [Doilongdegqin County, Lhasa Block, central Qinghai-Xizang 1355 Plateau, western central China] 1356 1357 1358 M 1359 1360 MUDIE, P.J., FENSOME, R.A., ROCHON, A., and BAKRAČ, K. 2020. The dinoflagellate 1361 cysts Thalassiphora subreticulata n.sp. and Thalassiphora balcanica: their taxonomy, 1362 ontogenetic variation and evolution. Palynology, 44(2), 237–269 (doi: 1363 10.1080/01916122.2019.1567614). 1364 (evolution; global compilation; morphology; ontogenetic variation; oxygen gradients; 1365 palaeosalinity; Paratethyan basins; size variation; tabulation; taxonomy; Thalassiphora 1366 robusta; Thalassiphora species complex; primary data and review article; occurrence chart; 1367 photographs; Late Jurassic–Late Miocene [Tithonian (Volgian)–undifferentiated]; multi- 1368 region: sub-Arctic East Canada [Shubenacadie H-100 well, Scotian margin, offshore Nova 1369 Scotia]; East Europe [Medvednica, Slavonija, Zagorje and Žumberak, Croatia and unknown 1370 locations in southwestern Romania]) 1371 41

1372 1373 N 1374 1375 *NØHR-HANSEN, H., PIASECKI, S., and ALSEN, P. 2019. A Cretaceous dinoflagellate 1376 cyst zonation for NE Greenland. Geological Magazine, doi: 10.1017/ S0016756819001043. 1377 (ammonite zones; bioevents; biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; lithostratigraphy; 1378 pollen; compilation/primary data; photographs; bioevent charts; latest Jurassic–Late 1379 Cretaceous [Tithonian–Maastrichtian]; West Arctic [Traill Ø to Store Koldeway, northeast 1380 Greenland]) 1381 1382 1383 O 1384 1385 OLAUSSEN, S., LARSSEN, G.B., HELLAND-HANSEN, W., JOHANNESSEN, E.P., 1386 NOTTVEDT, A., RIIS, F., RISMYHR, B., SMELROR, M., and WORSLEY, D. 2018. 1387 Mesozoic strata of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, Norway; a link to the northern Barents Sea 1388 basins and platforms. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 98(4): 1–69 (doi: 10.17850/njg98-4- 1389 06). 1390 (basin and tectonic history; biostratigraphy; Botryococcus; correlation; facies analysis; 1391 geological setting; lithostratigraphy [Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups]; macrofossils; 1392 Mancodinium semitabulatum; palaeogeography; plant fossils; sedimentology; seismic 1393 interpretation; sequence stratigraphy; structural geology; trace fossils; volcanism; primary 1394 data and compilation; Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous [Norian–Aptian]; East Arctic [Kong 1395 Karls Land, eastern Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic Ocean]) 1396 1397 OMRAN, A.M., SOLIMAN, H.A., and MAHMOUD, M.S. 1990. Early Cretaceous 1398 palynology of three boreholes from northern Western Desert (Egypt). Review of 1399 Palaeobotany and Palynology, 66(3/4): 293–312 (doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(90)90044-J). 1400 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; boreholes; correlation; ditch cuttings; geological setting; 1401 palaeoecology; pollen and spores; primary data; non-quantitative occurrence charts; 1402 photographs; Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous [?Bajocian–Tithonian to Albian]; North 1403 Africa (northern Western Desert, northern Egypt) 1404 1405 42

1406 P 1407 1408 PATERSON, N.W., and MANGERUD, G. 2019. A revised palynozonation for the Middle– 1409 Upper Triassic (Anisian–Rhaetian) Series of the Norwegian Arctic. Geological Magazine, 1410 doi: 10.1017/S0016756819000906. 1411 (acritarchs; ammonoids; biostratigraphy; biozonation; foraminiferal test linings; geological 1412 background; lithostratigraphy; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; pollen and spores; 1413 prasinophytes; Rhaetogonyaulax arctica; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; sequence stratigraphy; 1414 taxonomy; primary data/compilation; bioevent charts; photographs; Middle–Late Triassic 1415 [Anisian–Rhaetian]; East Arctic [Arctic Norway, Barents Sea, Svalbard Archipelago]) 1416 1417 PATERSON, N.W., MORRIS, P.H., and MANGERUD, G. 2019. Lycopsid megaspores from 1418 the Upper Triassic of Svalbard and their relationship to the floras and palaeoenvironments of 1419 northern Pangaea. Papers in Palaeontology, 5(4): 577–599 (doi: 10.1002/spp2.1251). 1420 (agglutinated foraminifera; biostratigraphy; biozonation; eustacy; foraminiferal test linings; 1421 freshwater algae; geological setting; kerogen; lithostratigraphy [Kapp Toscana Group]; 1422 megaspores from heterosporous lycopsids; micro-biofacies; ostracods; palaeoecology; 1423 preservation potential; pollen and spores; radiolaria; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; 1424 sedimentology; primary data; Late Triassic [Carnian–Rhaetian]; East Arctic [Hopen Island, 1425 southeast Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Ocean]) 1426 1427 POCOCK, S.A.J. 1962. Jurassic palynology in the Western Canada Basin. Oil in Canada, 1428 February 8th, 1962: 36–40. 1429 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; correlation [with Europe]; foraminiferal test linings; 1430 Gonyaulacysta jurassica; Jurassic–Cretaceous transition; lithostratigraphy [Fernie Shale and 1431 Manneville groups]; palaeoecology; pollen and spores; West Canada Basin; review article; 1432 histograms; photographs; Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous [Kimmeridgian–Hauterivian]; sub- 1433 Arctic West Canada [British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan]) 1434 1435 1436 R 1437 1438 REOLID, M., DUARTE, L.V., and RITA, P. 2019. Changes in foraminiferal assemblages 1439 and environmental conditions during the T-OAE (Early Jurassic) in the northern Lusitanian 43

1440 Basin, Portugal. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 520: 30–43 (doi: 1441 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.022). 1442 (ammonite zones; biotic crisis and recovery; brachiopods; calcareous nannofossils; diversity; 1443 echinoderms; foraminifera; geological setting; Iberian palaeomargin; lithostratigraphy [Sao 1444 Giao Formation]; mass extinction; opportunistic taxa; organic geochemistry; ostracods; 1445 oxygen depletion; palaeoecology; palaeoproductivity; phosphorus; redox-sensitive elements; 1446 tempestite-turbidite facies; Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event [T-OAE]; trace fossils; data 1447 compilation; Early Jurassic [Toarcian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [Maria Pares section, 1448 Rabaçal, northern Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal]) 1449 1450 RIDING, J.B., LEBEDEVA, N.K., and GORYACHEVA, A.A. 2019. Obituary. Vera 1451 Ivanovna Ilyina (1930–2018). Palynology, 43(3): 349–354 (doi: 1452 10.1080/01916122.2019.1586090). 1453 (acritarchs; biography; biostratigraphy; biozonation; history; Institute of Geology and 1454 Geophysics, Academgorodok, Novosibirsk, Siberia; International Association for the 1455 Promotion of Co-operation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the former 1456 Soviet Union [INTAS]; obituary, pollen and spores; prasinophytes; Third International 1457 Conference on Palynology [1971]; Vera I. Ilyina; review article; Early Jurassic–Early 1458 Cretaceous [Hettangian–Valanginian]; multi-region: East Arctic [northern Russia]; sub- 1459 Arctic Russia east of the Ural Mountains [undifferentiated], sub-Arctic Russia west of the 1460 Ural Mountains [undifferentiated] including Kazakhstan]) 1461 1462 RODRIGUES, B., SILVA, R.L., FILHO, J.G.M., SADKI, D., MENDONÇA, J.O., and 1463 DUARTE, L.V. 2020. Late Pliensbachian–Early Toarcian palaeoenvironmental dynamics and 1464 the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Event in the Middle Atlas Basin (Morocco). International 1465 Journal of Coal Geology, 217, 103339 (doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2019.103339). 1466 (acritarchs; ammonite zones; Botryococcus; carbon cycle; continental weathering; eustacy; 1467 foraminiferal test linings; fungal spores; geological background; Luehndea spinosa; 1468 Nannoceratopsis gracilis; organic geochemistry; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; 1469 palaeoenvironments; palynofacies; Pliensbachian–Toarcian event; pollen and spores; 1470 prasinophytes; sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; tectonics; thermal maturity; total 1471 organic carbon [TOC]; vitrinite reflectance; zygospores; primary data; photographs; Early 1472 Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Toarcian]; North Africa [Ait Moussa and Issouka sections, northeast 1473 of Boulemane, Fès-Meknès region, Middle Atlas Basin, northeast Morocco]) 44

1474 1475 ROGALSKA, M. 1962. Analiza sporowo-pyłkowa osadów jurajskich północnej części 1476 Pasma Krakowsko-Wieluńskiego. [Spore and pollen grain analysis of Jurassic sediments in 1477 the northern part of the Cracow – Wieluń Cuesta] Instytut Geologi Czny Odbitka z Prac, 1478 30(3): 495–524 (in Polish with English and Russian summaries). 1479 (biostratigraphy; correlation; lithostratigraphy; Pareodinia; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; 1480 taxonomy; primary data; quantitative occurrence chart and non-quantitative occurrence chart; 1481 photographs; Triassic–Middle Jurassic [Rhaetian–?Bathonian]; East Europe [northern 1482 Kraków–Wieluń Cuesta/Scarp, southern Poland]) 1483 1484 1485 S 1486 1487 SARJEANT, W.A.S., and DOWNIE, C. 1966. The classification of dinoflagellate cysts 1488 above generic level. Grana Palynologica, 6(3): 503–527 (doi: 1489 10.1080/00173136609430038). 1490 (history of study; morphological basis of dinoflagellate ctst classification; problems of the 1491 previous classification; suprageneric classification; taxonomy; compilation/review; no 1492 geographical or stratigraphical focus) 1493 1494 SARJEANT, W.A.S., and DOWNIE, C. 1974. The classification of dinoflagellate cysts 1495 above generic level: a discussion and revisions. Symposium on Stratigraphical Palynology. 1496 Birbal Sahni Instiutute of Palaeobotany Special Publication, No. 3: 9–32. 1497 (familial groupings; living dinoflagellates and their cysts; principles of classification; 1498 suprageneric classification; taxonomy; compilation/review; no geographical or stratigraphical 1499 focus) 1500 1501 SCHOBBEN, M., GRAVENDYCK, J., MANGELS, F., STRUCK, U., BUSSERT, R., 1502 KÜRSCHNER, W.M., KORN, D., SANDER, P.M., and ABERHAN, M. 2019. A 1503 comparative study of total organic carbon-δ13C signatures in the Triassic–Jurassic 1504 transitional beds of the Central European Basin and western Tethys shelf seas. Newsletters on 1505 Stratigraphy, 52(4): 461–486 (doi: 10.1127/nos/2019/0499). 1506 (ammonites; biostratigraphy; biozonation; bivalves; carbon cycle; carbon isotope analysis; 1507 chemostratigraphy; clay mineralogy; conchostracans; correlation; Dapcodinium priscum; 45

1508 end-Triassic mass extinction; geological setting; Global Stratotype Section and Point [GSSP]; 1509 lithostratigraphy [Postera Beds to the Psilonotenton Formation]; palaeoclimate; pollen and 1510 spores; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; Suessia swabiana; total nitrogen (TN); total organic 1511 carbon (TOC); weathering; primary data; semiquantitative occurrence chart; latest Triassic– 1512 earliest Jurassic [Rhaetian–Hettangian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [clay quarry northwest of 1513 Bonenburg village, near Warburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, west central Germany; Kuhjoch, 1514 near Hinteriss, central Austria]) 1515 1516 SCHÖLLHORN, I., ADATTE, T., VAN DE SCHOOTBRUGGE, B., HOUBEN, A., 1517 CHARBONNIER, G., JANSSEN, N., and FÖLLMI, K.B. 2020. Climate and environmental 1518 response to the break-up of Pangea during the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Pliensbachian); the 1519 Dorset coast (UK) revisited. Global and Planetary Change, 185, 103096 (doi: 1520 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103096). 1521 (anoxia; bioproductivity; carbon and oxygen isotopes; chemical index of alteration; clay 1522 mineralogy; continenrtal breakup; correlation; eustacy; geochemistry; mineralogy; 1523 palaeoclimatology; palaeogeography; palaeoceanography; Pangea; sediment deposition rates; 1524 compilation; Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Pliensbachian); sub-Arctic West Europe [Pinhay 1525 Bay to Eype Mouth, Dorset, and St Audries Bay, Somerset, southern England]) 1526 1527 SHEVCHUK, O.A. 2018. Microfossils and biostratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic– 1528 Cretaceous of Ukraine. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Geological Sciences by specialty 1529 04.00.09 “Paleontology and Stratigraphy (103 – Earth Sciences). Institute of Geological 1530 Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 42 p. (in Ukrainian with an 1531 English summary). 1532 (acritarchs; Botryococcus; biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; foraminiferal test linings; 1533 fungal spores; megaspores; palynofacies; Pediastrum; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; 1534 thesis summary; quantitative range charts; Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous [Aalenian– 1535 Maastrichtian]; East Europe [Teteic and Boreal-Atlantic belt, Ukraine]) 1536 1537 SHEVCHUK, O., SLATER, S.M., and VAJDA, V. 2018. Palynology of Jurassic (Bathonian) 1538 sediments from Donbas, northeast Ukraine. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 1539 98(1): 153–164 (doi: 10.1007/s12549-017-0310-3). 1540 (biostratigraphy; Botryococcus; Dnieper–Donets Basin; Donbas fold belt; insect remains; 1541 lithostratigraphy [Kamyanska suite]; parent plants; petroleum geology; pollen and spores; 46

1542 provincialism; regional geology; sedimentology; thermal alteration index [TAI]; vegetation 1543 dynamics; primary data; quantitative occurrence charts; photographs; Middle Jurassic 1544 [Bathonian]; East Europe [Kamyanka village, Kharkiv region, northeast Ukraine]) 1545 1546 *SKUPIEN, P., and DOUPOVCOVÁ, P. 2019. Dinoflagellates and calpionellids of the 1547 Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, Outer Western Carpathians (Czech Republic). Cretaceous 1548 Research, 99: 209–228 (doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.017). 1549 (biostratigraphy; calcareous dinoflagellate cysts; calpionellids; Jurassic–Cretaceous 1550 boundary; lithostratigraphy [Vendryně Formation and Těšín Limestone]; Nannoceratopsis; 1551 reworking; primary data; non-quantitative occurrence chart; photographs; latest Jurassic– 1552 earliest Cretaceous [Tithonian–Berriasian]; East Europe [Bruzovice River locality, 1553 Bruzovice, Outer Western Carpathians, eastern Czech Republic]) 1554 1555 SLATER, S.M., McKIE, T., VIEIRA, M., WELLMAN, C.H., and VAJDA, V. 2017. 1556 Episodic river flooding events revealed by palynological assemblages in Jurassic deposits of 1557 the Brent Group, North Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 485: 1558 389–400 (doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.06.028). 1559 (acritarchs; Botryococcus; correlation; facies analysis; foraminiferal test linings; geological 1560 setting; hyperpycnites; lithostratigraphy [Rannoch Formation of the Brent Group]; 1561 megaspores; non-metric multidimensional scaling; palaeoecology; palaeogeography; 1562 palynofacies; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; sedimentology; vegetational dynamics; 1563 primary data; photographs; Middle Jurassic [Aalenian–Bajocian]; sub-Arctic West Europe 1564 [Don North East and Penguins Cluster oilfields, Viking Graben, northern North Sea, UK 1565 sector]) 1566 1567 SLATER, S.M., TWITCHETT, R.J., DANISE, S., and VAJDA, V. 2019. Substantial 1568 vegetation response to Early Jurassic global warming with impacts on oceanic anoxia. Nature 1569 Geoscience, 12: 462–467 (doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0349-z). 1570 (acritarchs; global warming; lithostratigraphy [Cleveland Ironstone and Whitby Mudstone 1571 formations]; palynofacies; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event; 1572 vegetation dynamics; primary data; photographs; Early Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Toarcian]; 1573 sub-Arctic West Europe [Kettleness, Port Mulgrave, Runswick Bay, Saltwick Bay and 1574 Staithes, North Yorkshire, northern England]) 1575 47

1576 *SMELROR, M., LARSSEN, G.B., OLAUSSEN, S., RØMULD, A., and WILLIAMS, R. 1577 2018. Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, 1578 Arctic Norway, with correlations to Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia. Norwegian Journal of 1579 Geology, 98(4): 1–31 (doi: 10.17850/njg004). 1580 (acritarchs; ammonites; biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; freshwater algae; hiatuses; 1581 lithostratigraphy [Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups]; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; 1582 reworking; sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; primary data; non-quantitative occurrence 1583 charts; photographs; Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous [Norian–Aptian]; East Arctic [Kong 1584 Karls Land, eastern Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic Ocean]) 1585 1586 SMITH, D.G. 1982. Stratigraphic significance of a palynoflora from ammonoid-bearing 1587 Early Norian strata in Svalbard. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 11(3): 154–161 (doi: 1588 10.1127/nos/11/1982/154). 1589 (ammonoids; ammonoid zones; biostratigraphy; biozonation; chronostratigraphy; correlation; 1590 lithostratigraphy [Flatsalen Formation]; pollen and spores; Rhaetipollis germanicus 1591 assemblage; Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica; primary data and review; Late Triassic [Norian]; 1592 East Arctic [Hopen Island, Svalbard archipelago]) 1593 1594 STEEMAN, T., DE WEIRDT, J., SMITH, T., DE PUTTER, T., MEES, F., and LOUWYE, 1595 S. 2020. Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the early Paleogene 1596 Landana reference section, Cabinda Province, Angola. Palynology, 44(2), 280–309 (doi: 1597 10.1080/01916122.2019.1575091). 1598 (Aldorfia aldorfensis; biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; Darteville collection; 1599 foraminifera; organic geochemistry [total organic carbon - TOC]; palaeoecology; reworking; 1600 primary data; quantitative and semi-quantitative occurrence charts; photographs; Middle 1601 Jurassic reworking into Palaeocene–Eocene/Oligocene [Bathonian reworking into 1602 Danian/Selandian–?Priabonian/Rupelian]; Southern Africa [Landana coastal section, Cabinda 1603 Province, Congo Basin, Angola]) 1604 1605 STORM, M.S., HESSELBO, S.P., JENKYNS, H.C., RUHL, M., ULLMANN, C.V., XU, W., 1606 LENG, M.J., RIDING, J.B., and GORBANENKO, O. 2020. Orbital pacing and secular 1607 evolution of the Early Jurassic carbon cycle. PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of 1608 Sciences of the United States of America), 117(8): 3974–3982 (doi: 1609 10.1073/pnas.1912094117). 48

13 1610 (ammonite zones and subzones; astrochronology; carbon isotopes [δ CTOC] and their 1611 excursions; chemostratigraphy; chronostratigraphy; geochemistry; geological background; 1612 global carbon cycle; magmatic events; orbital forcing; organic geochemistry; 1613 palaeoenvironment; palaeogeography; palaeotemperature; sedimentary organic matter; 1614 Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event [T-OAE]; Triassic–Jurassic transition; compilation/data 1615 review; latest Triassic–Early Jurassic [Rhaetian–Toarcian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [Bristol 1616 Channel Basin, southwest England, UK; Mochras Borehole, Cardigan Bay Basin, West 1617 Wales, UK; Sancerre-Couy Borehole, Paris Basin, northern France]) 1618 1619 STOVER, L.E., and EVITT, W.R. 1978. Analyses of pre-Pleistocene organic-walled 1620 dinoflagellates. Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences, 15, 300 p. 1621 (appendices; archaeopyle types and variability; catalogue/index; classification; 1622 Gonyaulacysta complex [e.g. Gonyaulacysta, Impagidinium, Leptodinium and 1623 Rhynchodiniopsis]; Herendeenia-Omatia; Kiokansium unituberculatum; 1624 Lanternosphaeridium complex; line drawings; lists of species; morphology; opercula; 1625 peridiniacean genera; Spiniferites complex; synopsis of genera; taxonomy; compilation; no 1626 specific geographical and stratigraphical focus) 1627 1628 SVOBODOVÁ, A., ŠVÁBENICKÁ, L., REHÁKOVÁ, D., SVOBODOVÁ, M., SKUPIEN, 1629 P., ELBRA, T., and SCHNABL, P. 2019. The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and high 1630 resolution biostratigraphy of the pelagic sequences of the Kurovice section (Outer Western 1631 Carpathians, the northern Tethyan margin). Geologica Carpathica, 70(2): 153–182 (doi: 1632 10.2478/geoca-2019-0009). 1633 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; calcareous dinoflagellate cysts; calcareous nannofossils; 1634 calpionellids; foraminiferal test linings; geological setting; Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary; 1635 Kurovice Limestone; limestones; magnetostratigaphy; microfacies; palaeobathymetry; 1636 palaeoecology; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; radiolarians; reworking; sponge spicules; 1637 Tethys; primary data; non-quantitative occurrence chart; photographs; latest Jurassic–earliest 1638 Cretaceous [Tithonian–Berriasian]); East Europe [Kurovice Quarry, near Zlín, Outer Western 1639 Carpathians, southeast Czech Republic]) 1640 1641 1642 T 1643 49

1644 TAUGOURDEAU LANTZ, J., and DONZE, P. 1971. Un aperçu de l’environnement végétal 1645 pendant l’épisode régressif du Berriasien terminal dans le Jura méridional (France). Revue de 1646 Micropaléontologie, 14(5): 102–120 (in French). 1647 (acritarchs; Botryococcus; eustacy; foraminiferal text linings; geological background; 1648 megaspores; palaeoecology; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; taxonomy; vegetational 1649 reconstructions; primary data; occurrence chart [percentages]; photographs; earliest 1650 Cretaceous [Berriasian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [France]) 1651 1652 1653 V 1654 1655 *VAEZ-JAVADI, F. 2018. Dinoflagellate palynostratigraphy of Middle Jurassic of the 1656 Hojedk Formation, Tabas, central-east Iran and its correlation to the other palynomorph zones 1657 in Iran and elsewhere. Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 127: 265–276 (in Persian). 1658 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation [Nannoceratopsis gracilis total range subzone and 1659 Nannoceratopsis triceras-Pareodinia ceratophora assemblage zone]; correlation; 1660 lithostratigraphy [Hojedk Formation]; palaeoclimate; pollen and spores; prasinophytes; Tabas 1661 Block; primary data; occurrence chart; photographs; Middle Jurassic [Aalenian–Bajocian]; 1662 Middle East [Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, northeast Iran]) 1663 1664 VAEZ JAVADI, F. 2019. Middle Jurassic palynology of the southwest Tabas Block, Central- 1665 East Iran. Palynology, doi: 10.1080/01916122.2019.1637954. 1666 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation [Nannoceratopsis sp. cf. N. gracilis interval zone]; 1667 botanical affinity; Chahrekhneh borehole; correlation; Iran Plate; lithostratigraphy [Hojedk 1668 Formation]; palaeoclimate; palaeoecology; palaeogeography; pollen and spores; Tabas Block; 1669 Tethys Ocean; primary data; occurrence chart; photographs; Middle Jurassic [Aalenian– 1670 Bajocian]; Middle East [southwest of Tabas, Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, 1671 northeast Iran]) 1672 1673 VAEZ-JAVADI, F., and ABBASSI, N. 2018. Middle Jurassic biostratigraphy of plant macro 1674 and microfossils in Soltanieh Mountains, south of Zanjan, NW Iran. Geosciences, 106: 91– 1675 102. 1676 (biostratigraphy; biozonation [Pareodinia ceratophora-Nannoceratopsis triceras assemblage 1677 zone]; correlation; lithostratigraphy [Dansirit Formation, Shemshak Group]; palaeoecology; 50

1678 palaeogeography; plant macrofossils; pollen and spores; Tethys Ocean; primary data; 1679 occurrence chart; photographs; Middle Jurassic [Aalenian–Bajocian]; Middle East [Soltanieh 1680 Mountains, south of Zanjan city, Zanjan Province, northwest Iran]) 1681 1682 VAEZ-JAVADI, F., GHAVIDEL-SYOOKI, M., and GHASEMI-NEJAD, I. 2003. 1683 Biostratigraphy of Shemshak Formation in Ozon Mountain, Jajarm based on dinoflagellata. 1684 Journal of Science, University of Tehran, 29(1): 141–160 (in Persian with an English 1685 abstract). 1686 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; biozonation [Nannoceratopsis spiculata and Valensiella ovulum 1687 biozones]; lithostratigraphy [Shemshak Formation]; primary data; occurrence chart; 1688 photographs; Early–Middle Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Bajocian]; Middle East [Ozon Mountain, 1689 Jajarm County, North Khorasan Province, northeast Iran]) 1690 1691 *VAN DE SCHOOTBRUGGE, B., HOUBEN, A.J.P., ERCAN, F.E.Z., VERREUSSEL, R., 1692 KERSTHOLT, S., JANSSEN, N.M.M., NIKITENKO, B., and SUAN, G. 2019. Enhanced 1693 Arctic-Tethys connectivity ended the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in NW Europe. 1694 Geological Magazine, doi: 10.1017/S0016756819001262. 1695 (ammonite zones; anoxia; bioproductivity; biostratigraphy; black shale; carbon cycle; carbon 1696 isotopes; chemostratigraphy; correlation; diversity; eustacy; geochemistry; geological 1697 background; global warming; heterochroneity; lithostratigraphy; marine stratification; 1698 migrations; ocean circulation; palaeoenvironmental recovery; palaeoceanography; 1699 palaeosalinity; Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event [T-OAE]; total organic carbon; primary data; 1700 occurrence charts; photographs; Early Jurassic [Pliensbachian–Toarcian]; multi-region: East 1701 Arctic [Kelimyar River, Siberia, northeast Russia]; sub-Arctic West Europe [coastal outcrops 1702 between Staithes and Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, northern England and well 34/10-35, 1703 Tjalve Terrace, Gulfaks South oilfield, Norwegian sector of the northern North Sea]) 1704 1705 1706 W 1707 1708 WARRINGTON, G. 1976. British Triassic palaeontology. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 1709 3(3): 341–353.

51

1710 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; correlation; lithostratigraphy; macrofossils; microfossils; pollen 1711 and spores; prasinophytes; scolecodonts; compilation/review paper; Triassic [Induan– 1712 Rhaetian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [pan-United Kingdom]) 1713 1714 WARRINGTON, G. 1980. Palynological studies of Triassic rocks in central Somerset 1715 (Abstract). Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 5(1): 90. 1716 (biostratigraphy; correlation; diversity; foraminiferal test linings; lithostratigraphy [Mercia 1717 Mudstone and Penarth groups]; pollen and spores; scolecodonts; summary; Late Triassic 1718 [Carnian and Rhaetian]; sub-Arctic West Europe [Burton Row and Puriton boreholes, near 1719 Bridgwater, central Somerset, southwest England]) 1720 1721 WILLIAMS, G.L. 1965. Organic-walled microfossils aid oil search. The Oil and Gas 1722 Journal, November 22 1965: 108–112. 1723 (acritarchs; biostratigraphy; correlation; Gonyaulacysta jurassica; history of study; 1724 hystrichospheres; life cycle; modern dinoflagellates; morphology; oil/gas exploration; 1725 palaeoecology; review article; photographs; no geographical or stratigraphical focus) 1726 1727 WILLIAMS, G.L. 1974. 57. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic 1728 rocks of the Atlantic Shelf. Project 710062. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 74–1, Part 1729 B: 150–152. 1730 (biostratigraphy; biozonation; correlation; lithostratigraphy [Western Bank, Nova Scotia and 1731 Gully groups]; offshore boreholes; oil/gas exploration; palaeoecology; pollen and spores; 1732 unconformity; review article; Middle Jurassic to Pliocene/Pleistocene [Bathonian/Callovian – 1733 undifferentiated]; sub-Arctic East Canada [Grand Banks and Scotian Shelf, offshore eastern 1734 Canada]) 1735 1736 WILSON, G.J., and CLOWES, C.D. 1981. A concise catalogue of organic-walled fossil 1737 dinoflagellate genera. New Zealand Geological Survey Report, No. 92, 199 p. 1738 (archaeopyle type; catalogue; descriptions of genera; line drawings; morphology; range 1739 charts; compilation; Late Triassic [undifferentiated] to Holocene; no geographical or 1740 stratigraphical focus) 1741 1742 1743 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA II 52

1744 1745 Appendix 2. List of palynomorph species, subspecies and varieties 1746 1747 This Appendix alphabetically lists all valid palynomorph taxa below generic level which are 1748 mentioned in this contribution with full author citations. References to the author citations for 1749 the dinoflagellate cysts can be found in Williams et al. (2019 - American Asssociation of 1750 Stratigraphic Palynologists Contribution Series 50, available at: 1751 https://palynology.org/contribution-series-number-50-the-new-lentin-and-williams-index- 1752 2019/). The recommendations of Williams et al. (2019) are followed with the following two 1753 exceptions. The proposals of Correia et al. (2017 - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1754 237, p. 93) on the species Nannoceratopsis senex are followed herein. With regard to this 1755 species, Williams et al. (2019) adopted the taxonomic proposals of Ilyina et al. (1994 - 1756 Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and 1757 Mineralogy, Transactions 818), who proposed that Nannoceratopsis senex is a subspecies of 1758 Nannoceratopsis deflandrei Evitt 1961. Furthermore, the Linnaean binomial Ctenidodinium 1759 sellwoodii (Sarjeant 1975) Stover & Evitt 1978 is preferred herein to Dichadogonyaulax 1760 sellwoodii Sarjeant 1975. Most of the Jurassic tabulate gonyaulacoid species with epicystal 1761 archaeopyles are placed in Ctenidodinium. The species sellwoodii is clearly closely related to 1762 two contemporary species which are accommodated in Ctenidodinium according to Williams 1763 et al. (2019). These are Ctenidodinium combazii Dupin 1968 and Ctenidodinium cornigerum 1764 (Valensi 1953) Jan du Chêne et al. 1985. That said, there are substantial taxonomic issues 1765 with the two apparently very similar genera Ctenidodinium and Dichadogonyaulax. These 1766 genera require a thorough taxonomic review. It is eminently possible that Dichadogonyaulax 1767 is a junior synonym of Ctenidodinium as previously suggested by Lentin and Williams (1973 1768 - Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73–42, p. 46). 1769 1770 Acritarch: 1771 Limbicysta bjaerkei (Smelror, 1987) MacRae et al. 1996 1772 1773 Dinoflagellate cysts: 1774 Aldorfia aldorfensis (Gocht 1970) Stover & Evitt 1978 1775 Ambonosphaera? staffinensis (Gitmez 1970) Poulsen & Riding 1992 1776 Amphorulacysta? dodekovae (Zotto et al. 1987) Williams & Fensome 2016 1777 Amphorulacysta metaelliptica (Dodekova 1969) Williams & Fensome 2016 53

1778 Arkellea teichophera (Sarjeant 1961) Below 1990 1779 Atopodinium haromense Thomas & Cox 1988 1780 Chytroeisphaeridia cerastes Davey 1979 1781 Chytroeisphaeridia hyalina (Raynaud 1978) Lentin & Williams 1981 1782 Corculodinium inaffectum (Drugg 1978) Courtinat 2000 1783 Coronifera oceanica Cookson & Eisenack 1958 1784 Cribroperidinium? edwardsii (Cookson & Eisenack 1958) Davey 1969 1785 Cribroperidinium globatum (Gitmez & Sarjeant 1972) Helenes 1984 1786 Cribroperidinium? longicorne (Downie 1957) Lentin & Williams 1985 1787 Ctenidodinium continuum Gocht 1970 1788 Ctenidodinium elegantulum Millioud 1969 1789 Ctenidodinium ornatum (Eisenack 1935) Deflandre 1938 1790 Ctenidodinium sellwoodii (Sarjeant 1975) Stover & Evitt 1978 1791 Dapcodinium priscum Evitt 1961 1792 Diacanthum hollisteri Habib 1972 1793 Dichadogonyaulax bensonii Monteil 1992 1794 Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez 1970) Fisher & Riley 1980 1795 Dissiliodinium giganteum Feist-Burkhardt 1990 1796 Endoscrinium galeritum (Deflandre 1938) Vozzhennikova 1967 1797 Endoscrinium luridum (Deflandre 1938) Gocht 1970 1798 Evansia deflandrei (Wolfard & Van Erve 1981) Below 1990 1799 Glossodinium dimorphum Ioannides et al. 1977 1800 Gochteodinia villosa (Vozzhennikova 1967) Norris 1978 subsp. villosa autonym 1801 Gonyaulacysta centriconnata Riding 1983 1802 Gonyaulacysta eisenackii (Deflandre 1938) Górka 1965 1803 Gonyaulacysta jurassica (Deflandre 1938) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 1804 Gonyaulacysta jurassica (Deflandre 1938) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 subsp. adecta Sarjeant 1805 1982 1806 Gonyaulacysta jurassica (Deflandre 1938) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 subsp. adecta Sarjeant 1807 1982 var. longicornis (Deflandre 1938) Downie & Sarjeant 1965 1808 Gonyaulacysta jurassica (Deflandre 1938) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 subsp. jurassica autonym 1809 Heibergella asymmetrica Bujak & Fisher 1976 1810 Isthmocystis distincta Duxbury 1979 1811 Kalyptea diceras Cookson & Eisenack 1960 54

1812 Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum Davey 1974 1813 Kleithriasphaeridium fasciatum (Davey & Williams 1966) Davey 1974 1814 Lagenorhytis delicatula (Duxbury 1977) Duxbury 1979 1815 Leptodinium subtile Klement 1960 1816 Liasidium variabile Drugg 1978 1817 Liesbergia liesbergensis Berger 1986 1818 Luehndea spinosa Morgenroth 1970 1819 Mancodinium semitabulatum Morgenroth 1970 1820 Maturodinium inornatum Morgenroth 1970 1821 Moesiodinium raileanui Antonesçu 1974 1822 Muderongia longicorna Monteil 1991 1823 Muderongia simplex Alberti 1961 1824 Nannoceratopsis dictyambonis Riding 1984 1825 Nannoceratopsis gracilis Alberti 1961 1826 Nannoceratopsis pellucida Deflandre 1938 1827 Nannoceratopsis plegas Drugg 1978 1828 Nannoceratopsis raunsgaardii Poulsen 1996 1829 Nannoceratopsis senex van Helden 1977 1830 Nannoceratopsis spiculata Stover 1966 1831 Nannoceratopsis symmetrica Bucefalo Palliani & Riding 2000 1832 Nannoceratopsis triceras Drugg 1978 1833 Noricysta fimbriata Bujak & Fisher 1976 1834 Oligosphaeridium complex (White 1842) Davey & Williams 1966 1835 Ovalicysta hiata Bjaerke 1980 1836 Paragonyaulacysta? borealis (Brideaux & Fisher 1976) Stover & Evitt 1978 1837 Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947 1838 Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff 1975) Prauss 1989 1839 Pareodinia prolongata Sarjeant 1959 1840 Pareodinia? pseudochytroeides (Below 1987) Lentin & Williams 1989 1841 Parvocysta bullula Bjaerke 1980 1842 Parvocysta nasuta Bjaerke 1980 1843 Phallocysta elongata (Beju 1971) Riding 1994 1844 Phallocysta eumekes Dörhöfer & Davies 1980 1845 Phoberocysta neocomica (Gocht 1957) Millioud 1969 55

1846 Phoberocysta tabulata Raynaud 1978 1847 Prolixosphaeridium anasillum Erkmen & Sarjeant 1980 1848 Pseudoceratium pelliferum Gocht 1957 1849 Rhaetogonyaulax arctica (Wiggins 1973) Stover & Evitt 1978 1850 Rhaetogonyaulax dilatata (Wiggins 1973) Stover & Evitt 1978 1851 Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica (Sarjeant 1963) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III 1968 1852 Rhaetogonyaulax wigginsii (Stover & Helby 1987) Lentin & Williams 1989 1853 Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora (Deflandre 1938) Below 1981 1854 Rotosphaeropsis thule (Davey 1982) Riding & Davey 1989 1855 Sahulidinium ottii Stover & Helby 1987 1856 Scriniocassis priscus (Gocht 1979) Below 1990 1857 Scriniocassis weberi Gocht 1964 1858 Scriniodinium campanula Gocht 1959 1859 Scriniodinium crystallinum (Deflandre 1938) Klement 1960 1860 Scriniodinium? dictyophorum (Deflandre 1938 ex Sarjeant 1967) Brenner 1988 1861 Scriniodinium pharo (Duxbury 1977) Davey 1982 1862 Senoniasphaera jurassica (Gitmez & Sarjeant 1972) Lentin & Williams 1976 1863 Sentusidinium explanatum (Bujak in Bujak et al. 1980) Wood et al. 2016 1864 Sirmiodinium grossii Alberti 1961 1865 Spiculodinium neptuni (Eisenack 1958) Duxbury 2018 1866 Spiniferites ramosus (Ehrenberg 1837) Mantell 1854 1867 Stanfordella? cretacea (Neale & Sarjeant 1962) Helenes & Lucas-Clark 1997 1868 Stephanelytron redcliffense Sarjeant 1961 1869 Suessia swabiana Morbey 1975 1870 Susadinium faustum (Bjaerke 1980) Lentin & Williams 1985 1871 Susadinium scrofoides Dörhöfer & Davies 1980 1872 Systematophora areolata Klement 1960 1873 Systematophora penicillata (Ehrenberg 1843 ex Ehrenberg 1854) Sarjeant 1980 1874 Tehamadinium evittii (Dodekova 1969) Jan du Chêne et al. 1986 1875 Tenua anaphrissa (Sarjeant 1966) Benedek 1972 1876 Trichodinium castanea Deflandre 1935 ex Clarke & Verdier 1967 1877 Trichodinium scarburghense (Sarjeant 1964) Williams et al. 1993 1878 Tubotuberella apatela (Cookson & Eisenack 1960) Ioannides et al. 1977 1879 Valensiella ovulum (Deflandre 1947) Eisenack 1963 56

1880 Valvaeodinium armatum Morgenroth 1970 1881 Valvaeodinium koessenium (Morbey 1975) Below 1987 1882 Valvaeodinium spinosum (Fenton et al. 1980) Below 1987 1883 Wallodinium cylindricum (Habib 1970) Duxbury 1983 1884 Wanaea fimbriata Sarjeant 1961 1885 Wanaea thysanota Woollam 1982 1886 Wanaea verrucosa Riding & Helby 2001 1887 1888 Pollen and Spores: 1889 Classopollis classoides Pflug 1953 1890 Klukisporites variegatus Couper 1958 1891

57