Cretaceous Rudists and Carbonate Platforms
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Die Rudisten (Bechermuscheln) Von St
Die Rudisten (Bechermuscheln) von St. Bartholomä in der Weststeiermark Teil 1 Version 4 – August 2017 Die St. Bartholomä-Formation („Zementmergel-Folge“) des Gosaubeckens von Kainach – St. Bartholomä, ihre Rudisten und ihr größerer Rahmen (i.w. Campanium, Oberkreide, ca. 70-85 Millionen Jahre vor heute) Eine Literaturzusammenfassung Einleitung Altertümliche, exotische Muscheln in St. Bartholomä in der Weststeiermark? Etwa 20 km südlicher, um St. Josef, ja, da gibt es 15 Millionen Jahre alte Austern und Venusmuscheln und viele mehr. Aber von diesen ist hier nicht die Rede, sondern von einer Gruppe von Muscheln, die in der Zeit der Saurier und Ammoniten lebte und heute völlig ausgestorben ist – und die noch dazu gar nicht wie Muscheln aussahen. Es ist die Rede von den Rudisten, den Bechermuscheln, die aus der Gegend um St. Bartholomä schon fast seit den ersten geologischen Erkundungen um die Mitte des 19. Jhdts. bekannt sind. Sie verstecken sich ein wenig, aber beim Spazieren in den wenigen Gräben, in alten Steinbrüchen und in manchen straßennahen Felsen der Gegend kann man ihre mehr oder weniger auffälligen, teilweise sehr gut erhaltenen Reste doch immer wieder entdecken. Zuerst jedoch ein Überblick über diese exotischen, lange vergangenen Zeiten und ihre Wesen. Die Zeit der oberen Kreide – die Erde als „Thermalbad im Treibhausklima“ Gegenüber dem heutigen Zwischeneiszeitklima war die Zeit der Oberkreide, etwa von 100-66 Millionen Jahre (Ma) vor heute, Großteils eine Zeit des Treibhausklimas. Die Lufttemperaturen waren durchschnittlich um 10°C höher als heute und die Meerestemperaturen erreichten in den Tropen möglicherweise Spitzenwerte von 42° C – zu heiß zum Baden; und selbst die Temperaturen in der Tiefsee lagen zeitweise über 20° C. -
Chemostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian Shallow-Water Carbonate: New Correlation for the Rudist Levels from North Sinai, Egypt
Arab J Geosci (2016) 9:755 DOI 10.1007/s12517-016-2775-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Chemostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian shallow-water carbonate: new correlation for the rudist levels from north Sinai, Egypt Yasser F Salama1,2 & Gouda I Abdel-Gawad1 & Shaban G Saber1 & Soheir H El-Shazly1 & G. Michael Grammer2 & Sacit Özer 3 Received: 19 December 2015 /Accepted: 29 November 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016 Abstract The present study aims to provide carbon-isotope out on both rudists and surrounding carbonate units. Based on curves for the Cenomanian to Turonian rudist-dominated suc- the variations in the carbon-isotope signals, 12 chrono- cessions in north Sinai. The high-resolution carbon-isotope stratigraphic segments were identified in the studied sections. curves obtained from north Sinai sections provide new insight The Cenomanian carbon-isotope segments (C23–C30) were for calibrating the age of rudists as well as for evaluating the obtained from the Halal Formation at Gabal Yelleg and Gabal effects of the oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2) on rudist com- Maaza sections, while the Turonian segments (C30–C34) munities. The primary goals are (1) to provide a high- were measured from the Wata Formation at Gabal Yelleg sec- resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the tion. The carbon-isotope record from the studied sections is Cenomanian-Turonian succession, (2) to use rudist and am- consistent with the trends documented in previous studies of monite biostratigraphic data to distinguish the stratigraphic the Tethyan realm. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is levels of the rudist species, and (3) to integrate the placed at the onset of falling carbon-isotope values (δ13C) chemostratigraphic (δ13C) profile and the rudist levels to im- from 2.61 to −0.25‰ in the upper part of OAE2 with the prove the biostratigraphy based on the rudist distributions and carbon-isotope segment C30 at Gabal Yelleg. -
Emplacement of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolites (Southern Albania): Evidence from Associated Clastic and Carbonate Sediments
Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) (2012) 101:1535–1558 DOI 10.1007/s00531-010-0603-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Emplacement of the Jurassic Mirdita ophiolites (southern Albania): evidence from associated clastic and carbonate sediments Alastair H. F. Robertson • Corina Ionescu • Volker Hoeck • Friedrich Koller • Kujtim Onuzi • Ioan I. Bucur • Dashamir Ghega Received: 9 March 2010 / Accepted: 15 September 2010 / Published online: 11 November 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Sedimentology can shed light on the emplace- bearing pelagic carbonates of latest (?) Jurassic-Berrasian ment of oceanic lithosphere (i.e. ophiolites) onto continental age. Similar calpionellid limestones elsewhere (N Albania; crust and post-emplacement settings. An example chosen N Greece) post-date the regional ophiolite emplacement. At here is the well-exposed Jurassic Mirdita ophiolite in one locality in S Albania (Voskopoja), calpionellid lime- southern Albania. Successions studied in five different stones are gradationally underlain by thick ophiolite-derived ophiolitic massifs (Voskopoja, Luniku, Shpati, Rehove and breccias (containing both ultramafic and mafic clasts) that Morava) document variable depositional processes and were derived by mass wasting of subaqueous fault scarps palaeoenvironments in the light of evidence from compara- during or soon after the latest stages of ophiolite emplace- ble settings elsewhere (e.g. N Albania; N Greece). Ophiolitic ment. An intercalation of serpentinite-rich debris flows at extrusive rocks (pillow basalts and lava breccias) locally this locality is indicative of mobilisation of hydrated oceanic retain an intact cover of oceanic radiolarian chert (in the ultramafic rocks. Some of the ophiolite-derived conglom- Shpati massif). Elsewhere, ophiolite-derived clastics typi- erates (e.g. -
Zoological Philosophy
ZOOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY AN EXPOSITION WITH REGARD TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANIMALS THE DIVERSITY OF THEIR ORGANISATION AND THE FACULTIES WHICH THEY DERIVE FROM IT; THE PHYSICAL CAUSES WHICH MAINTAIN LIFE WITHIr-i THEM AND GIVE RISE TO THEIR VARIOUS MOVEMENTS; LASTLY, THOSE WHICH PRODUCE FEELING AND INTELLIGENCE IN SOME AMONG THEM ;/:vVVNu. BY y;..~~ .9 I J. B. LAMARCK MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON' BOMBAY' CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY TRANSLATED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION, BY NEW YORK • BOSTON . CHICAGO DALLAS • SAN FRANCISCO HUGH ELLIOT THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. AUTHOR OF "MODERN SCIENC\-<: AND THE ILLUSIONS OF PROFESSOR BRRGSON" TORONTO EDITOR OF H THE LETTERS OF JOHN STUART MILL," ETC., ETC. MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON TABLE OF CONTENTS P.4.GE INTRODUCTION xvii Life-The Philo8ophie Zoologique-Zoology-Evolution-In. heritance of acquired characters-Classification-Physiology Psychology-Conclusion. PREFACE· 1 Object of the work, and general observations on the subjects COPYRIGHT dealt with in it. PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE 9 Some general considerations on the interest of the study of animals and their organisation, especially among the most imperfect. PART I. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANIMALS, THEIR CHARACTERS, AFFINITIES, ORGANISATION, CLASSIFICATION AND SPECIES. CHAP. I. ON ARTIFICIAL DEVICES IN DEALING WITH THE PRO- DUCTIONS OF NATURE 19 How schematic classifications, classes, orders, families, genera and nomenclature are only artificial devices. Il. IMPORTANCE OF THE CONSIDERATION OF AFFINITIES 29 How a knowledge of the affinities between the known natural productions lies at the base of natural science, and is the funda- mental factor in a general classification of animals. -
Palaeontologia Electronica RUDIST TAXONOMY USING X-RAY
Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org RUDIST TAXONOMY USING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Ann Molineux, Robert W. Scott, Richard A. Ketcham, and Jessica A. Maisano Ann Molineux. Texas Natural Science Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, U.S.A. [email protected] Robert W. Scott. Precision Stratigraphy Associates and University of Tulsa, 600 South College Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74104, U.S.A. [email protected] Richard A. Ketcham. Jackson School of Geosciences, 1 University Station, C-1100, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0254, U.S.A. [email protected] Jessica A. Maisano. Jackson School of Geosciences, 1 University Station, C-1100, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0254, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT X-ray CT provides three-dimensional (3-D) representations of internal features of silicified caprinid bivalves from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian Stage) Edwards Forma- tion in Texas. This technique enables the specific identification of caprinid rudists that otherwise could only be identified by sectioning the specimen. The abundant Edwards species is Caprinuloidea perfecta because it has only two rows of polygonal canals on its ventral and anterior margins. Ontogeny of these unusual gregarious bivalves is also demonstrated by means of these images. KEY WORDS: Rudists; Caprinidae; Cretaceous, Lower; X-ray, CT INTRODUCTION tures, and by shooting stereoscopic pairs, a 3-D image can be obtained (Zangerl 1965). X-ray com- The examination of internal structures of puted tomography (CT) scans of limestone cores three-dimensional megafossils such as caprinid show the general outlines of rudists and succes- bivalves and brachiopods without destruction of sive slices can be stacked by computer to form 3-D specimens has been a challenge. -
The End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction Event at the Impact Area: a Rapid Macrobenthic Diversification and Stabilization
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 14, EPSC2020-65, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-65 Europlanet Science Congress 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The end-Cretaceous mass extinction event at the impact area: A rapid macrobenthic diversification and stabilization Francisco Javier Rodriguez Tovar1, Christopher M. Lowery2, Timothy J. Bralower3, Sean P.S. Gulick2,4,5, and Heather L. Jones3 1University of Granada, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Granada, Spain ([email protected]) 2Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA 3Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA 4Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 11 78712, USA 5Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, 66.0 Ma (Renne et al., 2013), was one of the most important events in the Phanerozoic, severely altering the evolutionary and ecological history of biotas (Schulte et al., 2010). This extinction was caused by paleoenvironmental changes associated with the impact of an asteroid (Alvarez et al., 1980) on the Yucatán carbonate-evaporite platform in the southern Gulf of Mexico, which formed the Chicxulub impact crater (Hildebrand et al., 1991). Prolonged impact winter resulting in global darkness and cessation of photosynthesis, and acid rain have been considered as major killing mechanisms on land and in the oceans. Major animal groups disappeared across the boundary (e.g., the nonavian dinosaurs, marine and flying reptiles, ammonites, and rudists), and other groups suffered severe species level (but not total) extinction, including planktic foraminifera, and calcareous nannofossils. -
The Cretaceous of North Greenland
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zitteliana - Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Histor. Geologie Jahr/Year: 1982 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Birkelund Tove, Hakansson Eckhart Artikel/Article: The Cretaceous of North Greenland - a stratigraphic and biogeographical analysis 7-25 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 7 Zitteliana 10 7-25 München, 1. Juli 1983 ISSN 0373-9627 The Cretaceous of North Greenland - a stratigraphic and biogeographical analysis By TOVE BIRKELUND & ECKART HÄKANSSON*) With 6 text figures and 3 plates ABSTRACT Mapping of the Wandel Sea Basin (81-84°N) has revealed realites, Peregrinoceras, Neotollia, Polyptycbites, Astieripty- an unusually complete Late Jurassic to Cretaceous sequence chites) are Boreal and Sub-Boreal, related to forms primarily in the extreme Arctic. The Cretaceous pan of the sequence in known from circum-arctic regions (Sverdrup Basin, Svalbard, cludes marine Ryazanian, Valanginian, Aptian, Albian, Tu Northern and Western Siberia), but they also have affinities to ranian and Coniacian deposits, as well as outliers of marine occurrences as far south as Transcaspia. The Early Albian Santonian in a major fault zone (the Harder Fjord Fault Zone) contains a mixing of forms belonging to different faunal pro west of the main basin. Non-marine PHauterivian-Barremian vinces (e. g. Freboldiceras, Leymeriella, Arctboplites), linking and Late Cretaceous deposits are also present in addition to North Pacific, Atlantic, Boreal/Russian platform and Trans Late Cretaceous volcanics. caspian faunas nicely together. Endemic Turonian-Coniacian Scapbites faunas represent new forms related to European An integrated dinoflagellate-ammonite-5«c/;D stratigra species. -
Barremian-Lower Aptian Qishn Formation, Haushi-Huqf Area, Oman: a New Outcrop Analogue for the Kharaib/Shu’Aiba Reservoirs
GeoArabia, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2004 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Barremian-lower Aptian Qishn Formation, Haushi-Huqf area, Oman: a new outcrop analogue for the Kharaib/Shu’aiba reservoirs Adrian Immenhauser, Heiko Hillgärtner, Ute Sattler, Giovanni Bertotti, Pascal Schoepfer, Peter Homewood, Volker Vahrenkamp, Thomas Steuber, Jean-Pierre Masse, Henk Droste, José Taal-van Koppen, Bram van der Kooij, Elisabeth van Bentum, Klaas Verwer, Eilard Hoogerduijn Strating, Wim Swinkels, Jeroen Peters, Ina Immenhauser-Potthast and Salim Al Maskery ABSTRACT Limestones of the middle Cretaceous Qishn Formation are exposed in the Haushi-Huqf area of Oman. These carbonates preserved reservoir properties due to shallow burial and an arid post-exhumation climate. This characteristic makes the Qishn Formation an excellent outcrop analogue for the Upper Kharaib and Lower Shu’aiba oil reservoirs in the Interior Oman basins. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad overview of results from an industry-oriented field study recently performed in the Qishn Formation outcrops belts. The comparison of these results with studies undertaken in the Northern Oman Mountains and the Oman Interior subsurface is the topic of ongoing research. The age of the Qishn Formation is middle Barremian to mid-early Aptian, the Hawar Member (equivalent) is earliest Aptian in age. The paleo-environments recorded range from the tidal mudflat to the argillaceous platform setting (outer ramp) below the storm wave base. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, four large-scale transgressive-regressive cycles of Cretaceous age (Jurf and Qishn formations) were distinguished. Sequence I, a dolomitized succession termed Jurf Formation, is the equivalent of the Lekhwair, the Lower Kharaib and possibly older Cretaceous units. -
Mid-Cretaceous Step-Wise Demise of the Carbonate Platform Biota in The
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 245 (2007) 462–482 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Mid-Cretaceous step-wise demise of the carbonate platform biota in the Northwest Pacific and establishment of the North Pacific biotic province ⁎ Yasuhiro Iba a, , Shin-ichi Sano b a Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan b Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan Received 9 March 2006; received in revised form 6 July 2006; accepted 14 September 2006 Abstract The global spatiotemporal distribution of the Cretaceous carbonate platform biota, which is characterized by “tropical” Mesogean (= Cretaceous Tethys) taxa, is an important aspect of Earth's paleobiogeography. All available records of this biota in the Northwest Pacific (Japan and Sakhalin Island) are summarized in order to elucidate its stratigraphic distribution patterns and faunal changes, with special attention given to the biota of the Late Aptian–Early Albian. This carbonate platform biota flourished from the Berriasian to Early Albian interval in the Northwest Pacific, indicating that the Northwest Pacific clearly belonged to the Tethyan biotic realm at that time. A step-wise demise of the carbonate platform biota transpired in the latest Aptian to middle Albian interval. Mesogean key taxa (rudists and dasycladacean algae), some Mesogean indicators (hermatypic corals and stromatoporoids) and nerineacean gastropods disappeared at the Late Aptian to Early Albian transition. Following this event, other Mesogean indicators (orbitolinid foraminifers and calcareous red algae) and coated grains disappeared at the Early to middle Albian transition. There is no record of carbonate platform biota in the Northwest Pacific during the long interval between the Middle Albian and Paleocene. -
Systematic Paleontology.……………………………………………………18
A NOVEL ASSEMBLAGE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA, FROM A TITHONIAN CORAL REEF OLISTOLITH, PURCĂRENI, ROMANIA: SYSTEMATICAL ARRANGEMENT AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science by Aubrey M. Shirk December, 2006 Thesis written by Aubrey M. Shirk B.S., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 2003 M.S., Kent State University, 2006 Approved by _________________________________________, Advisor Dr. Rodney Feldmann _________________________________________, Chair, Department of Geology Dr. Donald Palmer _________________________________________, Associate Dean, College of Arts and Dr. John R. Stalvey Sciences ii DEPARMENT OF GEOLOGY THESIS APPROVAL FORM This thesis entitled A NOVEL ASSEMBLAGE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA, FROM A TITHONIAN CORAL REEF OLISTOLITH, PURCĂRENI, ROMANIA: SYSTEMATICAL ARRANGEMENT AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE has been submitted by Aubrey Mae Shirk in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Geology. The undersigned members of the student’s thesis committee have read this thesis and indicate their approval or disapproval of same. Approval Date Disapproval Date __________________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Rodney Feldmann 11/16/2006 ___________________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Carrie Schweitzer 11/16/2006 ___________________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Neil Wells 11/16/2006 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…..………………………………………………….………...xi -
Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - --- -
First North American Occurrence of the Rudist Durania Sp
TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS Vol. 115, no. 3-4 ACADEMY OF SCIENCE p. 117-124 (2012) Bombers and Bivalves: First North American occurrence of the rudist Durania sp. (Bivalvia: Radiolitidae) in the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Greenhorn Limestone of southeastern Colorado Bruce A. Schumacher USDA Forest Service, 1420 E. 3rd St., La Junta, CO 81050 [email protected] A colonial monospecific cluster of rudist bivalves from the lowermost Bridge Creek Limestone Member, Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cenomanian) are attributable to Durania cf. D. cornupastoris. This discovery marks only the eighth recorded pre- Coniacian occurrence of rudist bivalves in the Cretaceous Western Interior and the only Cenomanian record of rudist Durania in North America. Discovered in 2011, the specimen was unearthed by aerial bombing at a training facility utilized during World War II. The appearance of rudist bivalves at mid-latitudes coincident with marked change in marine sediments likely represents the onset of mid-Cretaceous global warming. Keywords: Cenomanian, climate, Durania, Greenhorn, rudist Introduction The Greenhorn Limestone in southeastern Colorado (Fig. 3) is divided into the three Some seventy years ago southeastern Colorado subunits (Cobban and Scott 1972; Hattin 1975; was utilized during World War II (1943 – 1945) Kauffman 1986). Roughly the lower two-thirds as a training area for precision bombing practice of the unit is comprised of the basal Lincoln and air-to-ground gunnery. The La Junta Limestone Member (5 m) and the Hartland Municipal Airport was created in April 1940 as Shale Member (19 m). The dominant lithology La Junta Army Air Field (Thole 1999) and was of the lower members is calcareous shale with used by the United States Army Air Forces for minor amounts of thin calcarenite beds.