JANUARY 1969

.. " I ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE J. EDGAR HOOVER, DIRECTOR JANUARY 1969

VOL. 38, NO. 1

THE COVER-C rim e ' and law enforcement, 1969. See page 2. - LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN CONTENTS

Message From Director J. Edgar Hoover 1

Crime and Criminals, by Hon. John C. Bell, Jr., Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Philadel• phia, Pa. 2

"Make Your Contribution. to Our Nation" 5

Law Enforcement as a Business, by John L. Guse• man, Director of Police, Victoria, Tex. 9

Service With Compassion, by Capt. Therese L. Rocco, Missing Persons Section, Bureau of Police, Pitts• burgh, Pa. 12 .

Proof of Murder by Insulin-A Medico-Legal First, by Peter J. Pitchess, Sheriff of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Calif. Published by the Wanted by the FBI FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Washington, D.C. 20535 Is THE AMERICAN EAGLE in danger of becoming and a similar rise is indicated for 1968. In many "bald"? areas, fear forces the citizen to remain off the In an old fable, a bird meets a fisherman streets at night, and anxiety makes him suspicious with a can of worms and asks him for one . of strangers. Some merchants are intimidated by • thugs who walk away with merchandise. More "Sure," says the fisherman. "All I ask in and more businesses are adopting policies not to return is one of your feathers." accommodate the public but to protect their prop• A feather for a worm seems reasonable erty and thwart criminal assaults on their em• to the bird, so the exchange is made. The ployees. The list of abuses keeps growing, and next day the bird is hungry again. He weighs society's scope of rights and freedoms keeps the inconvenience of searching for food shrinking. against the expediency of trading with the Certainly, under the rule of law those who fisherman and decides in favor of expedi• abide by the law should have protection equal to ency. After a few days, the bird has traded that of those who break the law. Many Americans off so many feathers that he cannot fly. He feel that they do not have equal protection. continues to make his daily trip to the fisher• man on foot until all of his feathers are As we look to the future, we must bring the gone. At this point, the fisherman picks up matter of crime and the criminal back into balance the fat, naked bird and cooks him for dinner. with the safety and welfare of the public. Concern and pity for the lawbreaker cannot be permitted As we enter the New Year, leaving behind a to deprive the peaceful citizen of his rights and year marked with crime and violence, we might freedoms. Palliative policies and appeasement ask ourselves if the American eagle has a full are producing soaring crime rates and filling our plumage or is he missing feathers because of our streets with criminals who should be in jail. expediency in bartering with criminals. In 1969, let us resolve to have fair but vigorous A persuasive argument can be made that the law enforcement, prompt and decisive prosecu• ~ law-abiding citizen's freedoms diminish in direct tion, and realistic punishment of criminals. In proportion to the increase of criminal activity in dealing with crime, expediency is a shortcut to our country. His risk of becoming the victim of disaster. Let us not trade our freedoms for a can a serious crime increased 15 percent in 1967, of worms.

JANUARY 1, 1969 By • HON. JOHN C. BELL, Jr. Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa .

Crime and Crimina 5

Crime and criminals are alarming campus and college buildings and de• To our further astonishment and r• America; they have become our o. 1 spoiling them, with no consideration and dismay, many college professors, 10 domestic problem! Criminals, espe• for thousands of their fellow students many religious leaders, and many cially in the big cities, are frightening and without any rhyme or reason ex• racial leaders have advocated mass ... cept their unexpressed desire to be civil disobediellce and intentional or terrorizing countless people, and I the "crime wave" has surged and rulers and kings. For example, the violation of any and every law which swelled into a tidal wave. President of Columbia niversity, a person dislikes or considers unjust. , Over and over again, many of our which has been ubjected to recent Moreover, there is a widespread feel- 'r" citizens are asking themselves and outrageous insurrections, astonished ing by an aggressive minority of the others, "What are the reasons for this nearly everyone by publicly announc• public that they can commit any and ). constantly increasing crime wave, and ing that he intended to ask the courts every kind of illegal action 'if they, what can and should we do about it?" not to impose any punishment on any have, or pretend to have, a worthy ob• The reason are so numerous, they rioting Columbia student if he had no jective and "miscall" all their unlaw- • make the solution especially difficult. prior criminal record. Such a weak ful actions "civil rights." There is not ' A republican or democratic form of stand is bound to encourage disre• only public apathy, there is also a government in a country filled with spect for law and order and for public dislike or fear of becoming involved '" crime and chaos cannot long exist. and private authorities. High school in the lawlessness which is sweeping I Respect for law and order- indeed, boys are naturally emulating the col• our country. Many political leaders respect for any authority, public or lege boys, with seizures, sit-ins, lie-ins, unwittingly stir up unre t, discontent,} private, i rapidly vanishing. Small sleep-ins, and despoliation of school and greed by promising every voting bands of college students are seizing property. group something for nothing, no mat-

2 FBI Law Enforcem ent Bulletin ter what the colossal and never- cia ted if we state that a murder is 263 (right to counsel at police line­up, mentioned cost may be_ committed in our country every 43 which was made prospective only by Another major cause of the wide- minutes, a rape every 19 minutes, a Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293); spread discontent and unrestrained robbery every 2112 minutes, and a United States v. Robel, 389 U.S. 258 lawlessness which is rarely mentioned burglary every 20 seconds. Equally (communists In defense plants); is the craving for money by the rich, disturbing is the fact that uearly 50 Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510 the middle class, the poor, the em- percent of the serious crimes are com- (June 3,1968) (composition of death ployed and the unemployed, and by mitted by juveniles under 18 years of penalty jury and retroactivity); people of all ages_ People simply have age, and juvenile gang warfare is Mathis v. United States, 391 U.S. 1 'fi to stop worshiping money and return alarming a number of city neighbor. (May 6, 1968) (extending Miranda .. to worshiping God. hoods in every State. warnings to some civil investiga- In many parts of our country, and A few minutes thought will make us tions) ; Harrison v. United States, 392 't especially in big cities, murders, rapes, realize that unless this widespread U.S. 219 (June 10, 1968). On the robberies, and burglaries are a daily lawlessness and this terrible crime- other hand, see Terry v. Ohio, 392 occurrence. Burnings, lootings, vio- wave are quickly and greatly cur- U.S. 1 (June 10, 1968), and Sib ron • lent assaults, rioting mobs, blockad- tai:led, they will lead our country into & Peters v. United States, 392 U.S. ing of streets or buildings, and other an abyss of insurrections, anarchy, 40 (June 12, 1968) (giving police a illegal actions are almost a weekly and chaos. limited right to stop and frisk without ~ occurrence under the misnomer of It is unpleasant for a judge to criti- a warrant). "civil rights." Lawbreakers and riot- cize a court or another judge, but ers conveniently forget that there is a whenever the safety of law­abiding cit- Procedural Safeguards ­ wide gulf of difference between their izens or the future welfare of our r illegal actions on the one hand, and, country is jeopardized, it becomes our In Miranda v. Arizona, the Court on the other hand, legitimate consti- duty to do so. said that "volunteered statements of I. .. tutional dissent and the right of the Some feel that one of the most im- any kind [whether exculpatory or people peaceably to assemble and to portant reasons for the increasing inculpatory] are not barred by the petition the Government for a redress Fifth Amendment," but thus sum- or lawlessness throughout our country is of grievances. Racism has become a a dozen or more recent revolutionary marized the law: "Procedural safe- r dangerous disease which is splitting decisions by a majority of the Su- guards must be employed to protect our country, breeding crime, and preme Court of the United States the privilege [against self­incrimina- sickening men of good will and which overrule their prior decisions tion and] unless other fully effective "i brotherhood, and no satisfactory and unduly favor murderers, rapists, means are adopted to notify the ~ solution has been found. rioters, communists, hold­up men, and person of his right of silence and other dangerous criminals. See, inter to assure that the exercise of the right .. Crime Increases alia, the leading cases of Escobedo v. will be scrupulously honored, the fol- lowing measures are required. He l ­ Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, and Miranda Perhaps what causes our law­abid- v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, and Johnson must be warned prior to any ques- ~ ing citizens the most concern is the v. New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (right tioning that he has the right to remain fact that all these crimes are increas- to counsel, and warnings, and con- silent, that anything he says can be ing by leaps and bounds. Throughout fessions) ; Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 used against him in a court of law, • our country, crime in the United (inadmissibility of evidence illegally that he has the right to the presence , States, as measured by the FBI Crime seized); Douglas v. California, 372 of an attorney, and that if he cannot Index, rose 21 percent during the first U.S. 353 (indigent's right to counsel afford an attorney one will be ap- • 6 months of 1968 over the same period on appeal and retroactivity); White pointed for him prior to any ques- in 1967. Violent crimes as a group v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 59 (right to tioning if he so desires. Opportunity ... increased 21 percent­with robbery counsel at critical stage and is retro- to exercise these rights must be af- up 29 percent, murder 17 percent, active) ; Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. forded to him throughout the inter- , forcible rape 15 percent, and aggra- 368 (voluntariness of a confession rogation. After such warnings have vated assault 14 percent. The volumi- and retroactivity) ; In Re Gault, 387 been given, and such opportunity af- nous property crimes rose 20 percent U.S. 1 (attorney for juveniles); forded him, the individual may know- as a group. These statistics can prob. United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, ingly and intelligently waive these ably be better understood and appre- Gilbert California, ~ and v. 388 U.S. rights and agree to answer questions

, January 1969 3 or make a statement. But unless and In Harrison v. United States, supra, of district attorneys and trial judges until such warnings and waiver are Mr. Justice White, dissenting, said, and appellate court judges_ Realisti• demonstrated by the prosecution at "the decision has emanated from the cally speaking, they eliminate nearly trial, no evidence obtained as a result Court's fuzzy ideology about confes• all voluntary confessions of clearly • of interrogation can be used against sions, an ideology which is difficult guilty criminals, and they require a him." In Johnson v. New Jersey, 384 to relate to any provision of the Con· new hearing or a new trial unless the .S. 719 (1966), the Court stated that stitution and which excludes from the standards established by the Court in , Escobedo and Mira/ida apply only to trial evidence of the highest relevance Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, ... those persons whose trials had com• and probity." Mr. Justice Black, dis• had been given to a defendant or an menced, respectively, after June 22, senting, said: "It seems to me that the accused or a suspect. '" Court• Perhaps an equally important fac• 1964, and after June 13, 1966. Court in this case carries the .4 made doctrine of excluding evidence tor in this crimewave is the molly• Dissenting Opinions that is 'fruit of the poisonous tree' to coddling of lawbreakers and danger- l a wholly illogical and completely un• ous criminals by many trial judges. According to dissenting opinions of reasonable extent. For this and many Probation, or suspended sentences, or Justices of the Supreme Court itself of the reasons suggested by my other soft and inadequate sentences • (with many of which I agree), none Brother White's dissent, I agree that given lawbreakers and especially ha- 'I of the above-mentioned cases find any holdings like this make it far more bitual and other dangerous criminals, home or support in the language of difficult to protect society 'against or unwise paroles, or frequent and ., the Constitution. For example, in those who have made it impossible to unjustified continuances, or lengthy Mathis v_ United States, supra, Mr. live today in safety'_" delays in the trial of bail cases, enable Justice White, joined by Mr. Justice these criminals to repeatedly commit • Harlan and Mr. Justice Stewart, aptly Justice Not One.Way Street additional crimes. Crimes by these , expressed my convictions when in his "repeaters" are so numerous that they dissenting opinion he said: "I dis• A sound argument can be made that are worrying and frightening millions yJ sented from the Court's decision in these above decisions amount to re• of law-abiding persons and are liter• Miranda v. Arizona, 384 .S. 436 writing the Constitution and are based, ally jeopardizing the safety of society. (1966), because I thought that the not upon guilt or innocence, but upon This vast coddling of criminals in this .. Court had accepted an interpretation technicalities. It is apparently too of• era of rampant crime is almost unbe- , of the Fifth Amendment having 'no ten forgotten that the province of a lievable. significant support in the history of Congress or a State legislature is to the privilege or in the language,' 384 pass laws, while the province of a court Application of Standards U_S., at 526, and because I disagreed is to interpret and not to rewrite the with the Court's 'assessment of the Constitution or the laws in order to Furthermore, in the rapidly expand• [new] rule's consequences measured achieve what it believes are desira• ing and still somewhat unsettled field '" against community values,' 384 .S., ble objectives. Moreover, many courts, of constitutionally-protected criminal at 537. I continue to believe that the justices, and judges, from the highest rights-such as the right to have the I decision in Miranda was an extrava• to the lowest, have apparently for• assistance of counsel at every critical gant and unwise interpretation of the gotten that justice is not a one-way stage; the right not to be compelled .,..• Fifth Amendment, and I would prefer street-one-way for criminals only• in a criminal case to be a witness that Miranda be abandoned.... but a two-way street where peaceable against himself; voluntary and invol- • However, even were I to agree that citizens should have at least equal untary confession , including "fruits Miranda was correctly decided, I rights with criminals. of a poisonou tree"; security from • would not join the unexplained exten• It seems to me a legitimate question unreasonable searches and seizures, sion which the Court gives Miranda can be raised about Supreme Court incl uding stop and frisk; and all other • in this case .... I had not thought decisions which are made retroactive, requirements of due process of law• that Miranda extended its checklist of and thus invalidate the convictions of State courts must, of course, follow .It warnings to these civil inve tigations. many criminals even though they may and apply the standards established and the decisions made by the Su- f Certainly the explanation of the need have been in jail for years, and even preme Court of the United States for warnings given in the Miranda though they are unquestionably guilty. which are directly in point, but they opinion does not cover civil investi• Such cases, without a doubt, shackle ~ations. " the police and virtually tie the hands (Continued on page 20>

4 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , FBI NA Graduates Told•

"Mal e Your Contribution

· ~~ t() Our Natlon Chief of Police Thomas J. Cahill, San Francisco, Calif.

"T .. .1 his great Nation of ours, whose Police Thomas J. Cahin­of San Fran- because this is no longer our path," blessings we enjoy, today serves as a cisco, Calif., President of the Inter- Mr. Cahill said. "We are confronted • f reservoir of liberty to which each gen- national Association of Chiefs of today with persons in society who eration has made its contribution. You Police, as he addressed the men at would destroy in order to obtain what • now have a grave responsibility to their graduation exercises on Octo- they feel is theirs. Now nobody is make your contribution." ber 30, 1968, in Washington, D.C. more conscious of the rights of indi- This challenge was issued to the "When you return to your commu· viduals and their right to have their members of the 82d Session of the nities, you are not going back to the fair share in this affluent society than FBI National Academy by Chief of performance of routine police work the members of law enforcement. Yet, ..,., Shown following the graduation exercises of the 82d Session of the FBI National Academy, from left to right, are: Mr. Howard H. Earle, Chief, Administrative Division, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, president of the class; Chief of Police Thomas J. Cahill, San Francisco, Calif.; Hon. W. Marvin Watson, Postmaster General of the United States; Mr. Hoover; Hon. Erwin N. Griswold, Solicitor General of the United *- States; and Dr. W. Harold Snape, Assistant Minister, Capitol Hill Methodist Church. because we in law enforcement stand as the immediate symbol of the au• thority with which some of these peo• ple are at odds, we bear the brunt of their wrath and their attack." Chief Cahill pointed out that lawen• forcement not only has the problems of serious crime and insufficient man• power but also the problems arising from the changes in our social order• greater mobility of people, increased viciousness in crime, and rebelling youth.

Promise of America

Mr. Cahill stated that each Na• After the graduation ceremonies, Chief of Police Rocky Pomerance, Miami Beach, Fla. (left), and tional Academy officer "is the promise Sgt. Bastian D. Kruidenier, Miami Beach Police Department, a member of the class, are shown • of an America continuing to grow in with Director Hoover. v the strength of liberty, freedom, jus• face is marred by dust and sweat and enable them to succeed in our com• tice' and true accomplishment. ... blood; who strives valiantly; who errs petitive and complex world. I believe ~ In view of the caliber of training and and comes short again and again, be• the high ideals of these students will ... the wealth of knowledge that have cause there is no effort without error outweigh the disadvantages brought been imparted to you men by the very and shortcoming; who does actually about by those with other ideas, some ,• capable instructors of the FBI Na• strive to do the deeds; who knows the of whom would destroy our way of tional Academy, it is indeed a real great enthusiasms, the great devo• life. I am confident that among these credit to this country to have in the tions, who spends himself in a worthy young people on the right side and .. field of law enforcement a man so cause; who at the best knows in the with the right objectives, there is the • dedicated to professional training as end the triumph of high achievement; leadership, there is the dedication, the Honorable John Edgar Hoover. and who at the worst, if he fails, at there is the civic-mindedness, and, Over many years he has devoted his least fails while daring greatly, so that above all, there is the loyalty that will r time and attention to the security his place shall never be with those meet the challenges of our time and ~ of this ation. I know of no man who cold and timid souls who have tasted make for noble progress in this has made a greater contribution to neither victory nor defeat." ation of ours." the safety, the security, and the prog• In reference to disorders on college res of this Nation than John Edgar .. campuses throughout the country, Majesty of Law Hoover. And you members of thi Chief Cahill stated, "Despite every· graduating class have benefited and thing that we see and hear about what Mr. Cahill also expressed the hope • obtained an elite education from the is wrong with America, I have full that the news media will give just a organization he has so capably confidence in the youth of our ation little more recognition to the men who headed for such a long period of and in this Nation as a whole. We see day in and day out risk their lives for ~ time." many young people who are engaging the protection of all. Calling on citizens to start a real in activities that are a sad commen• In conclusion Chief Cahill told the •, movement toward solid support of law tary on our enlightened society be• officers, "Upon your shoulders rests enforcement in this Nation, he quoted cause they are not taking advantage the majesty of the law and it is your Theodore Roosevelt: of the privileges of freedom. They are responsibility to carry it 7 feet talL • "It is not the critic who count; not taking license, and some place along high above the mist of su picion, in- .• the man who points out how the the line this has to stop. deci ion, or inaction. You must forge trong man stumbled, or where the "But I want to say to you that there ahead, elevating the standards of la\l doer of a deed could have done bet• are also many young people in our enforcement day by day and carry• ter. The credit belongs to the man American chools today for the pur• ing out your own duties with a greatel who i actually in the arena; who e pose of gaining an education that will degree of excellence than ever before.

6 FBI Law Enforcement Bu"etin And in this way, you too, like the . the session. He also served as secre- great and the Honorable John Edgar tary of the class. Other officers were: Hoover, will write another glorious Chief Earle, president; Lt. W. A. chapter on law enforcement in the Tudor, Arkansas State Police, Little fascinating book of human achieve- Rock, Ark., vice president; and Inves- ment." tigator Gary A. Nelson, Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, St. Moment of Reflection Paul, Minn., treasurer. Cpl. Roy R. Bergman, Missouri Mr. Howard H. Earle, Chief of the State Highway Patrol, Jefferson City, \/ Administrative Division, Los Angeles Mo., won The American Legion FBI County Sheriff's Department, Los National Academy Firearms Profi- Angeles, Calif., the president of the ciency Award. In addition, he fired class, presented a "moment of reflect- a perfect score twice on the FBI Prac- tion" on behalf of his fellow officers. tical Pistol Course while attending the • He said that the 100 lawmen of his Mr. Theodore Diamond, a prominent New Academy. In recognition of this .. class intend to take a major role in York businessman, shown here with Director achievement, he received the FBI Na- Hoover, was one of the distinguished guests raising a voice of sanity in what they at the graduation exercises. tional Academy Possible Club Medal ~ consider to be a world gone mad with and Certificate. violence and crime. Dr. W. Harold Snape, Assistant "We must strive to make crime a Minister of the Capitol Hill Methodist Financial Aid disease of the past, and we work for Church, Washington, D.C., delivered • and dream of the day in our time when the invocation and benediction. The The 82d Session is the first class to this too shall come to pass," Chief U.S. Marine Band, conducted by Capt. have received training at the FBI ~ Earle stated. Realizing this dream, he Dale Harpham, presented a musical National Academy since the passage of said, will require the people of our program. the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Nation to give back their support to Prior to the graduation Chief Inves- Streets Act of 1968, last June. Al- their peace officers and every law en- tigator Mal G. King, Ventura County though there is no charge for the train- • forcement officer to act and think District Attorney's Office, Ventura, ing, the new law provides financial professionally as never before. Calif., was presented the John Edgar assistance to the men through the pay- Chief Earle expressed appreciation Hoover Medal for Excellence in the ment of transportation costs and living ., to Mr. Hoover, the Academy staff, and Study of Law Enforcement for achiev- expenses while they are in attendance JIl all who willed upon and imbued his ing the highest scholastic standing in at the Academy. class with a "challenge of changing " history and helping restore law and .. order from chaos." Hon. Erwin N. Griswold, Solicitor l General of the United States, and Mr. Hoover presented diplomas to the spe- cially selected law enforcement officers ... who had just completed the intensive ~ 12­week course of training. Among the graduates were representatives of • State, county, and city agencies in every section of the United States, as well as the District of Columbia, • the U.S. Army, the U.S. Marine Corps, .. the U.S. Park Police, and the White House Police. Also included were ~ eight foreign officers from Colombia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Maj. Augusto Mojica, National Police of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, receives his diploma and Thailand. from Hon. Erwin N. Griswold, Solicitor General of the United States.

~ January 1969 7

326­111 0 ­ 68 ­ 2 Herbert B. Grisham, Mississippi Highway Safety Patrol. Abdullah bin Hanafiah, Royal Malaysia Police, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Edward A. Haralson, U.S. Park Police, Washington, D.C. Marion B. Harding, Huntsville, Ala., Police Department. Robert R. Harper, Sr., Birmingham, Ala., Police Department. Sulaiman bin Mohd. Hassan, Royal Malay· sia Police, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. B. Eugene Hawker, Idaho State Depart­ ... ment of Law Enforcement. Hubert Hill, Republic of Singapore Police, Singapore. James L Horne, Georgia Bureau of Inves- tigation. William A. Hornsby, Alabama Department • of Public Safety. ., William L. F. Huddy, Kauai County Po· lice Department, Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii. ,. Director Hoover presents the FBI National Academy Firearms Proficiency Award, donated by Gary Ingram, Reeves County Sheriff's Of­ .... The American Legion, to Cpl. Roy R. Bergman, Missouri State Highway Patrol, Jefferson City, fice, Pecos, Tex. Mo. Corporal Bergman was also presented the FBI National Academy Possible Club Medal and Certificate in recognition of the perfect scores he recorded on the Practical Pistol Course Ronnie E. Irvin, Griffin, Ga., Police Depart- while attending the FBI National Academy. ment. Leslie C. Johnson, Jr., Demopolis, Ala., With the graduation of this class, James W. Connole, San Diego, Calif., Police Police Department. .• the list of Academy alumni totals Department. Stephen A. Joyce, Bureau of Police, Pitts­ • 5,435 men. Of this number, 3,100 are John Hardie Cook, Orangeburg, S.c., Po- burgh, Pa. • lice Department. Jack C. Kalbfleisch, Birmingham, Mich., still active in law enforcement, and Eugene A. Cotton, Clark County Sheriff's Police Department. 860 hold the top executive position Department, Vancouver, Wash. Bruce Daniel Kennedy, Detroit, Mich., Po­ ~ in their agencies. John F. Coyne, Illinois State Police. lice Department. The members of the 82d graduating George H. Currey, District Attorney Gen- Dana S. Kierstead, U.S. Army. • class of the FBI National Academy eral's Office, lOth Judicial District, Nash- Mal G. King, Ventura County District At. ville, Tenn. torney's Office, Ventura, Calif. are: Edward E. Diekman, Cincinnati Police Di- Harold T. Kleve, Washington County I' Will I. Adams, Wayne County Sheriff's De· vision, Cincinnati, Ohio. Sheriff's Department, Hillsboro, Oreg. " partment, Goldsboro, N.C. John P. Dow, Multnomah County Sheriff's B. D. Kruidenier, Miami Beach, Fla., Police John H. Angell, Pennsylvania State Police. Office, Portland, Oreg. Department. Edwin G. Anthony, Phoenix, Ariz., Police Harry Dowdle, Jr., Columbus, Miss., Police Robert A. Lacy, Scottsbluff, Nebr., Police .. Department. Department. Department. .. P. Thomas Benton, Criminal Investigation Howard H. Earle, Los Angeles County Wallace B. Laird, St. Tammany Parish Division, Marine Corps Air Station, Sheriff's Department, Los Angeles, Calif. Sheriff's Department, Covington, La. Cherry Point, N.C. Charles C. Elmore, Jr., Gastonia, N.C., Po- William F. Lamb, Town of Ossining Police ~ Roy R. Bergman, Missouri State Highway lice Department. Department, Ossining, N.Y. Patrol. Myrle Ensweiler, Gary, Ind., Police De- Thomas P. McNamara, Jr., West Spring- Walter J. Bernard, Cook County Sheriff's partment. field, Mass., Police Department. Police Department, Chicago, Ill. Aaron W. Farthing, Evansville, Ind., Police J. Austin Merck, Greenville, S.C., Police John J. Brown, Savannah, Ga., Police De· Department. Department. f partment. Joe A. Flanary, Kingsport, Tenn., Police David B. Michel, Fresno, Calif., Police De· Jack L Buch, Metropolitan Police Depart. Department. partment. ment, Washington, D.C. Clinton R. Forloine, Napa, Calif., Police George V. Miller, Edison, N.J., Police De- Earl A. Callahan, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., Po· Department. partment. lice Department. Theodore 1. Freeman, White House Police, Augusto Mojica, National Police of Colom- Floyd G. Clark, Jr., Richmond Police Bu· Washington, D.C. bia, Bogota, Colombia. reau, Richmond, Va. Lowell D. Friesen, Boulder, Colo., Police Jack B. Molden, Emporia, Kans., Police 4 Ralph H. Cline, Kentucky State Police. Department. Department. Charles T. Cobb, Boston, Mass., Police De· Robert D. Fulk, North Canton, Ohio, Police Edward A. Morgenthaler, Clayton, Mo., Po- partment. Department. lice Department. James R. Colwell, Irving, Tex., Police De- William J. Gonyo, Oshkosh, Wis., Police partment. Department. (Continued on page 21)

8 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin ~ Operated by a Police Agent, the department's modern communications desk includes closed­circuit television and a locator board and map of the city. • • reason we did this was to prevent the continued loss of officers to other Law Enforcement police departments because of the lack of advancement opportunities and the • loss of officers to higher paying jobs in industry and business. as a Business Under the old system, a man would go to work as a probationary patrol• man. After 6 months of training and ~ By probation, he would advance auto• matically to the rank of patrolman. • JOHN L. GUSEMAN ~tOur business IS people." He remained a patrolman for a period Director of Police, t Victoria, Tex_ of years, or until such time as a ser• geant vacancy occurred. Then the patrolman would be required to com• pete with other patrolmen for this par• ticular position. Someone once said that progress We believe that the man who does is not possible without change. the work out in the field, the so-called We of the Victoria Police Depart• patrolman, is the backbone of the ment believe that we made tremendous police operation and we mllst retain progress when we reorganized the de• this man in the department. We. can partment on January 1, 1968. To us, no longer afford to lose his valuable it is an entirely new concept of police organization. Military ranks within training and experience. the department were phased out, and Under our new organization, we the department was organized on a have a median classification. This pro• basis of business management. One fessional classification enables an offi•

~ January 1969 9 The Victoria Police Department is housed in the new Public Safety Building.

cer, after completing basic training, to the captains and lieutenants, to busi· his own initiative with minimal super· ~ advance in responsibility and compen· ness management school. The cap· vision. If, after a period of 6 months, • sation without becoming a supervisor. tains, lieutenants, and I completed a the employee had shown considerable • We feel that a properly trained police short course in business management self.improvement, and his services officer does most of his work without at the University of Texas. We also were satisfactory for the amount of .. supervision anyway. Why make it im· completed a course in police adminis· training and experience he had ac· possible to progress in responsibility tration sponsored by the Texas De· quired, he would advance another • and compensation without advancing partment of Public Safety and the step and the same evaluation would to a supervisory position? Texas Police Association and a com· be made. The long.range aim of our new prehensive course in police adminis· After a period of 18 months of satis· organization is to provide administra· tration conducted by the FBI here in factory service, which included tive mechanics through which officers Victoria. selected training and three minor with proven ability and preparation advancements, the employee would .. can achieve greater responsibility and Conferences Held advance to the first position in the • increased income. These were not, in "professional corps" of the police de· all instances, possible under the old Following this training and reo partment. This position would be the t system. search, the captains, lieutenants, and end of changing titles or changing of This new organization plan was not I held many staff conferences. After position names. conceived by the head of the depart· we discussed the situation and talked We decided that the professional ment alone, nor was it instigated or to other employees in the department, grade should have eight pay levels. ~ instituted just for the sake of change. we devised a tentative plan for reo The professional police officer, we felt, After the report of the President's organization. Our plan was that a should be able to advance in pay grade ' Commission on Law Enforcement and new employee would come into the by self.improvement, satisfactory Administration of Justice was reo department at a position, at that time service, and completion of a required • leased, the staff and I studied it very unnamed, and, after a period of pro· number of police training hours plus carefully, analyzed the thoughts and bation and basic training, would ad· college semester hours. ideas, and found some things we did vance one step. In the second step the One of the problems we faced was f not agree with and many things that employee would still be on probation selecting proper titles for the new 4 we did agree with. We then started but would have more responsibility. positions created by the reorganiza· sending the higher ranking officers, We wanted to see what he could do on tion. We were particularly anxious to ,.

10 FBI Law Enforcem ent Bulletin 04 get away from "military" ranks since tain and Lieutenant ranks in our old semester hours of college. Knowing we believed that position descriptions setup. The Division Managers are also also that police training is important, similar to those in the business com- staff officers to the Director, which, of we have related police training to se- munity would be more consistent with course, is the new position title for mester hours of college work and have our goal. Chief of Police. given 1 point for 20 classroom hours Many names and titles were brought This method of organization has of police training. Thus, an officer into the discussion, but most were dis- been in operation for a number of knows in advance how he can accumu- carded. Since the beginning officer is months. Even though we still have late points. He knows that he can ac- on probation for a time, the position separations from the department, cumulate as many points in two se- was finally named Probationary Em· under this new plan we have been able mesters of college as he can in one full ployee (PE). At the end of a 6­month to retain those officers who are better year of police service. If the man is period of training and satisfactory trained and more experienced. I think ambitious and wants to get ahead, he service, the Probationary Employee the redeeming factor of the Public is going to get semester hours. He advances one step. Since our business Safety Technician position is that also knows that for each 20 classroom is public safety, the second position, there does not have to be a vacancy in hours of police training, he can get or the step just above PE, was named a higher position before a man can one point. Public Safety Officer (PSO). The advance in salary and responsibility. Public Safety Officer has some train- Within our allotted manpo.wer, we Training Initiative ing and experience, but is still actually may have, by the authority of the city on probation with much to learn and council, any number of Probationary The classroom training is conducted experience to gain. Employees, Public Safety Officers, or by our own police academy. We be- Public Safety Technicians without lieve training, except for basic and ~ PST regard to the number of personnel in operational training, should be on a each position or in each pay grade voluntary basis rather than compul- After a period of 18 months' satis- within each position. In theory, every sory. Consequently, all advanced train- factory service and extensive training, officer outside of management could ing is voluntary. If a man wants to .. the Pubic Safety Officer advances to hold the position of Public Safety advance to a certain position, the the grade of Public Safety Technician Technician. Consequently, the Proba- training necessary to attain that level '> (PST). This position too was named tionary Employee knows that he is is available to him. with our utmost concern­public going to become a Public Safety Offi- In this new system we can hire in- safety­in mind. We felt that Public cer if he meets all the criteria, and a dividuals with 60 college hours di- Safety Technician would be the Public Safety Officer knows that he rectly from the outside and give them proper title for a police officer who will advance to the position of Public a higher salary to start­the same requires little supervision and who is Safety Technician after he has met the compensation that they would receive -4 proficient in his work. requirements. He also knows that to if they had been in the police depart- Once the officer attains the Public do this, he does not have to wait for ment for a period of 2 years. This does • Safety Technician position, he has someone to retire, to be promoted, to not mean that they would immediately l opportunity for higher salary and be demoted, or for the department to become Public Safety Technicians, more responsibility. PST is the highest increase in size. nor does it mean that they would not position available outside the "man- have to serve a probationary period. " agement" level; however, a PST may Advances in Pay Applicants with college training start • serve as a supervisor when needed. as Probationary Employees, advance In the management area of the de- We have devised a point system of to Public Safety Officers, and then to • partment, we again borrowed from measurement to advance the men public Safety Technicians. During this the business world. We believe that within grade to increase their income. time we pay them to take police train- an officer responsible for a division of We believe that 1 year's experience as ing and gain police experience because • the department is, in truth, managing a police officer teaches a man some- we believe they have greater potential. " the division. Consequently, we selected thing that he cannot possibly learn any The requirements of law enforce- the title of Division Manager for this other way. Consequently, we giye 30 ment today, particularly in the tech- : position. The assistant to this position points for 1 year of police service. We nical and legal fields, are most de- is called Assistant Division Manager. know that college training is very im- manding. We go along with the theory ~ These two positions replace the Cap- portant, so we give 30 points for 30 (Continued on page 22)

• January 1969 11 Pittsburgh Press Photo. By CAPT. THERESE L. ROCCO Missing Persons Section, Bureau of Police, PiHsburgh, Po.

Although there is widespread rec• The IDlssmg persons section is a ognition of the importance of women division of the city's detective branch, in law enforcement, little is known of which comes under the direct super• Obtaining correct and pertinent information of missing persons cases. Here, Policewoman the various aspects of the specific vision of Assistant Superintendent citizen while Captain Rocco looks on. duties they perform. Eugene 1. Coon. The staff comprises In some cities the policewomen are 20 policewomen who are empowered directly under the command of a male with the same authority as the 1,600 chief, and they are assigned to a juve• police officers assigned to the Pitts• nile bureau or crime prevention di• burgh Police Bureau. They are on call vision, charged with preventing de• 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and Service linquency among young people and work with the police wherever and working with women. whenever a policewoman is needed. In Pittsburgh the policewoman is Some Experiences of the· primarily responsible for investigat• Duties Explained ing approximately 2,800 missing per• Pittsburgh, sons cases reported annually. She also As captain of the policewomen, I participates in other areas of police have the responsibility of supervising work relating to crime prevention and the missing persons section, in addi• unhappy adults, married or single, apprehending criminals. tion to supervising the matrons quar• who deliberately leave home; senile, Although the old saying, "Never ters of the department where seven mentally disturbed, or retarded peo• underestimate the power of a woman," policewomen are detailed. These seven ple; and those who disappear without might be applied to a policewoman, women handle missing persons and any apparent reason. there is no evidence that ladies of the other investigative work whenever Many methods and techniques are law are about to take over; but when they are not involved in their normal employed for locating missing people. it comes to handling a missing per• duties. An evaluation and information form sons problem, there is no substitute for The hundreds of cases which are is filled out for each case and teletypes a compassionate and intelligent police• , filed in the missing persons section dispatched to all points necessary. l woman who knows something of hu• are broken down into many categor• Some policewomen are detailed to an• man nature. ies: missing and runaway children; swer the phones daily, while others

12 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin times the missing child may just be In 1962 the disappearance Qf a 10• visiting in the neighbQrhQQd, sleeping year-Qld girl stirred up one Qf the mQst in the family autQmQbile, Qr sulking intensive manhunts every cQnducted in the bedrQQm clQset. SQmetimes the in Pittsburgh. BQy SCQuts, auxiliary terminatiQn Qf the case is nQt a happy crews, the canine CQrps, and others Qne, as in the case Qf Henry, a 6-year• jQined with hundreds Qf PQlice Qfficers Qld bQy who. left his hQme Qn Febru• in the search. Numerous calls frQm ary 27, 1967, never to. be seen alive sincerely interested peQple were again. His bQdy was recQvered frQm checked out by PQlicewQmen, who. the Allegheny River several days spent many hQurs in playing games later_ It was quite evident that the with friends Qf the missing child, hQP• yQungster, who. was very much in the ing to. pick up clues, no. matter hQW habit Qf playing by the river bank, slight. These effQrts were fruitless. had met with a fatal accident. This case remains a classic in the missing perSQns files and is still under Some Tragic Cases active investigatiQn. The tangled A hQrrible tragedy invQlving an• circumstances surrQunding the disap• Qther child, 4-year-Qld Maryann, pearance Qf this child leaves us no started with a missing persQns repQrt alternative but to. believe that she did and ended with the PQlice discQvering meet with fQul play. The facts that her brutally beaten bQdy under the she came frQm a brQken hQme and was stairwell in the hall Qf a neighbQr's an Qverfriendly, sensitive, and IQnely hQme. Maryann was repQrted missing child channeled the investigatiQn in after her mQther tQld the district PQ• all directiQns. This led the missing lice that her daughter went to. the next perSQns sectiQn to try many theQries, indivi~lu,,1 reported missing is vital to the solution dQQr rQQminghQuse to. play with two. none Qf which were successful. The . Iacksrnith (center) solicits additional facts from a children but did nQt return hQme. The child has nQt been IQcated. mQther Qf the two. children emphat• Runaways ically denied having any knQwledge Qf Maryann's whereabQuts but admit• The wQrk Qf the PQlicewQman ted to. PQlice that the child had been directly invQlves runaways. An in• there and had gQne. vestigatiQn of the youngster's back• Compassion PQlice scoured the entire neighbQr• grQund is generally cQmpleted Qn hQQd, with the assistance Qf a special every case. In situatiQns invQlving service squad and auxiliary PQlice. missing children, it is important to. Our PQlicewQmen questiQned nearly Qbtain recent phQtQgraphs, names of Persons Section of the of Police all the small children in the neighbQr• their playmates and associates, and hQQd. The search lasted fQr 6 hQurs, IQcatiQns Qf their hangQuts, theaters, when the PQlice finally fQund the bQdy and Qther places Qf amusement. in the rQQminghQuse stairwell. The In mQst cases invQlving females, the cQnduct the casewQrk. The PQlice• WQman at the r~)QminghQuse was PQlicewQmen may run into. compli• WQmen check Qut the vario.us trans• asked to. come to. headquarters fQr cated situatiQns which require a PQrtatiQn depQts, talk to. schQQI au• questiQning, and she gave three dif• tremendQus amQunt Qf investigative thQrities, check hQspitals, and inter• and referral wQrk, as in the case Qf ferent versiQns of what happened to. view members Qf the family and all CarQI "X". the little girl, yet fully maintained her Qther CQntacts the missing perSQns In March 1964, CarQI-a chunky, innQcence of any involvement. She might have had. brQwn-eyed girl Qf 14-disappeared, Missing children naturally receive finally admitted that she was resPQn• leaving a nQte that she was unhappy the mQst attentiQn. Every case invQlv• sible fQr the child's death, had beaten with her hQme envirQnment. Her step• ing a missing child is received with her in a fit Qf rage, and accidentally father was knQwn to. abuse her frQm the ever-present PQssibility Qf acci• scalded her bQdy. She was cQnvicted time to. time and her mQther was Qn dent, kidnaping, or murder. Many Qf manslaughter. the verge Qf becQming an alcQhQlic.

January 1969 13 Three months later we finally traced "X", while in the company of a known her to a plush apartment in Pitts· criminal, was taken into police burgh where she had been prostituting custody. Anyone might have believed for three known criminals. These men her when she said she was 22, but not had been arrested numerous times the trained policewoman. After being on morals charges, all involving questioned, she admitted her actual young girls. Carol was taken into age, 12, and that she was a runaway custody and voluntarily submitted a from a State institution in Michigan. statement which led to the arrest of The main reason so many young• seven male adults. All seven were sters run away stems from the in• tried, found guilty, and sentenced in ability of the parents to provide the Allegheny County criminal courts. attention, love, and discipline children require. In Mary Elizabeth's case, she Why Do They Run Away? was lonely-her parents placed her in an institution and never even Supt. James W. Slusser. When runaways from other cities bothered to visit her. This 12.year.old are picked up, they are always ques· was later turned over to the Juvenile afraid of what the neighbors might tioned by policewomen before they Court in Allegheny County and sub• think, wait days or weeks before they are turned over to juvenile authori• sequently returned to Michigan. file a missing persons report. Others ties. The stories they tell often sound Very few parents are able to cope demand that their child's photograph reasonable. They say they are of age with the anxieties and frustrations be shown on television, but they fail to to be on their own, or they have they must endure for that period of realize that the schoolday photograph parental consent, etc. Generally, the time when their children are away of the young ter may no longer reo policewoman learns that they are from home. In a state of panic they semble the scruffy girl or the long· , away from home or an institution call the missing persons section several haired, bearded boy of the present. without permission. The policewoman times a day. Other parents insist that • Surprising a it may seem, parents must be careful not to arouse sus· information is being withheld from usually are the ones who know the picion until their stories can be them or that more can be done on the least about their children. They will checked. case. On the other hand, so·called ir· make such remarks as: "I can't under· One June 16,1967, Mary Elizabeth responsible mothers and fathers, stand why my Jane does not want to live at home." "This is not at all like

Policewoman Helen long (left) handles a telephonic inquiry while Policewoman Margaret Jak Mary!" or "I know my child better types a report on a missing person. than that!" Children generally have very little to say about their parents, but what they do say is most likely to be said in a derogatory manner.

Also Unite Families t

Subjects over 18 years of age are considered adults and, of course, pose an entirely different problem. Many 4 times we find 19· and 20·year.olds o living 3,000 miles away from Pitts· '-. burgh. These people are working and happy- they ju t want to be lost. We will admit that one of the big· gest dividends of our section is to • unite people. Sometimes both sides need a third party to bring about a reconciliation. Husbands and wives leave home for

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 4 a variety of reasons, and we make every effort to locate them, particu• larly if there are small children in• volved_ When we do locate these people, we must be very confidential

and remember at all times that we are Sympathy and under• dealing with people's lives. We cannot standing often help amnesia victims recall force a woman to return to an abusive bits of information husband, nor can we tell him where leading to their ident• ities. Policewoman she is. Eileen O'Connor knows In July 1963 a young man whose that patience and friend• liness make it easier wife walked out on him came in to for the victim. file a missing persons report. He de• manded that we tell him where she was living. In the interim she con• tacted us and asked that we not reveal her whereabouts, as she had a dreadful fear of him. She maintained he was unusually cruel to her and had threat• ened her life on numerous occasions. The woman remained with relatives out of the State while the husband per• with Oregon authorities, and at this Margaret "X" was unable to remem• sistently demanded that we locate her. point Carl told the policewomen he ber her identity as a result of amnesia. Six months later the young woman re• was happy to stop running and wanted She came to the attention of police• • turned to Pittsburgh and took up resi• very much to end the mystery sur• women in August 1962. She was a dence with her father. The irate hus• rounding his "death." Ironical as it well-dressed, elderly woman who band subsequently learned of this and may seem, he not only played dead, walked up to the Travelers Aid desk shot and killed them both before com• but he also took another wife under an at the downtown Pittsburgh bus termi• mitting suicide. alias. He was charged with desertion, nal and asked the clerk on duty, "Who abandonment, and nonsupport, as well am I?" Missing Husbands as with bigamy. He was extradited to Oregon to answer to these charges. Puzzling Amnesia Case Most husbands leave under unusual Married persons who skip home can circumstances, as in the case of Carl be found almost anywhere, yet some This turned out to be one of the "X", who headed his car toward the are never located. This, of course, de• most complicated amnesia cases. Fre• river Sasilaw in the State of Oregon on pends on how well they conceal their quently these cases are cleared up in • December 5, 1965. The car careened identity and whereabouts. Seven years a matter of hours, but this one took down the slope into the river, where after a person is reported missing and almost a month. The missing persons • it hung on the edge, to be found a all efforts to locate him have been un• section began an intensive investiga• day or so later with the doors open. successful, the case can be brought to tion, check of files, hotels, airlines, The occupant was presumed to have court and he may be declared legally abandoned luggage, etc. She was de• drowned, and his wife and children dead. Policewomen who conduct these tained at a psychiatric hospital while accepted the findings of the author• investigations are, as a matter of rec• her case was being handled. Though ities. A widespread search for him ord, subpoenaed to appear in court the woman could not remember any• over 13 months did not disclose a with their files. thing about herself, the missing per• trace, until January 1967, when the The senile wanderers, amnesia vic• sons section established that she was supposedly "drowned" man was tims, and mentally disturbed are the possibly a nurse from Chicago. • picked up by the Pittsburgh Police responsibility of the policewomen, and Publicity and clippings were sent to and charged with vagrancy. He was when handling these cases, they must Chicago. Her landlady recognized her , turned over to the missing persons sec• use as much tact as possible. These photograph and contacted us. The am• tion, where positive identification was people are generally returned to in• made. The policewomen then checked stitutions or to their families. (Continued on page 24)

.. January 1969 15 "More than 400 witnesses in all the deaths from 1947 through 1966 were located and re-interviewed. ••• Of these witnesses over 130 testified before the grand jury. Following a month• long hearing, thp grand jury returned a three-count murder indictment."

Proof of Murder by Insulin­ A Medico­Legal First

t D uring 1967 the Los Angeles program of instruction in the usage County Sheriff's Department initiated and effects of insulin. During his • investigation of six murders com- course of instruction Archerd learned • mitted by injections of an overdose that insulin is a natural body hormone • of insulin. The last of these murders, and at that time (1941) could not be which had been committed over a identified or traced in the blood and 20­year period, occurred in October tissues of the human body. It was 1966. On March 15, 1968, this investi- later learned that Archerd, using his " gation was brought to a successful knowledge of insulin, made the state- conclusion when William Dale Arch- ment that death by insulin could be By erd was convicted of three counts of the "perfect" murder. PETER J. PITCHESS first degree murder. The investigation Archerd was first suspected in July Sheriff of Los Angeles County, was not only one of the most extensive 1956, when he reported a robbery ,. Los Angeles, Calif. in the history of our department, but in his home by two men who were it marked the first time in the history armed with hypodermic syringes. _ of law enforcement in the United These "suspects" allegedly injected States that a suspect was convicted of Archerd and his fourth wife ZelIa in l murder by insulin overdose. The only the buttock after binding them and other case of this type to be success- taking several hundred dollars from ,. fully prosecuted was in England in their home. When the police arrived 1958. at the scene, Mrs. Archerd had two • William Dale Archerd, also known puncture wounds in her buttocks, but as James Lynn Arden, a 55­year­old the police could find no such marks • hospital attendant, salesman, and on Archerd. The next evening Mrs. lover, first gained his knowledge of Archerd died after having been in a .. insulin while working as an attendant coma for approximately 12 hours. At at Camarillo State Hospital in Cali- the time of her death, she had four - fornia. At this mental institution needle marks in her buttocks. which utilized insulin shock in the During the cour e of his investiga- treatment of schizophrenic ,all attend- tion, Sgt. Harry Andre of the Los ants were required to participate in a Angeles County Sheriff's Department, " 16 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Homicide Bureau, found a half used Hospital in Las Vegas. Stewart and ing when a craniotomy was per- bottle of NPH U­80 insulin in a field Archerd, then using the alias of Arden, formed. A doctor reviewed Bernie's next to the Archerd residence and a had flown to Las Vegas allegedly hospital record with White and 2O­gage hypodermic needle in a bath- on a combined business and pleas- Thornton and pointed out that Bernie room drawer. He also found that the ure trip. Stewart had taken out had been brought to Long Beach Archerds had recently been married a $62,000 flight insurance policy, mak- Memorial Hospital by his uncle, Wil- and that Mrs. Archerd had sold some ing Gladys Arden beneficiary, and liam Dale Archerd, late in the after- ~ property and deposited the receipts in another policy in the amount of noon of August 21, 1961. Bernie a joint checking account with Arch- $18,000 naming Jenny May Archerd complained of a sore hip, tenderness erd. Andre also learned that Archerd (Archerd's mother) as beneficiary. of scalp, and the dilation of one eye. ... had written two checks on the account Stewart allegedly slipped on a banana All these injuries, according to the and had deposited $5,000 in his per- peel in the restroom at McCarron doctor, were compatible with the in- sonal account. Field in Las Vegas and struck his juries normally received in an auto- , head. He died the following day in a pedestrian accident. The doctor fur- Insulin O verdose? Las Vegas hospital after having ther pointed out that the nurse's been visited by Archerd. Again the notes on the hospital chart indi- Sergeant Andre reported his find- suspicions of our department were cated, "uncle visiting through the ings regarding the insulin to the Los called to the attention of the Ne- day." One such entry was made Angeles County Coroner's Office. vada authorities. However, they on the records at 6 p.m. on Chief Toxicologist R. J. Abernathy were unable to establish any crimi- August 23, 1961. That same night • ran all the tests known to him at that nal agency which contributed to Bernie became comatose, and doc- time and could find no poisons or Stewart's death. tors performed cranial surgery to other substances that could substan- relieve the pressure; however, Ber- • tiate ZelIa Archerd's cause of death. Another Death nie did not respond and died on Although an overdose of insulin was September 2, without regammg ., strongly suspected by the homicide Seventeen months later Andre, consciousness. Investigating officers detectives, there were no known tests who had been promoted to lieuten- told the doctor of their suspicions, and which would indicate excessive insulin ant, read an article in a local he told them that in his opinion there in the blood or tissues of a deceased newspaper regarding the death of was a 50­50 chance that the death re- person. Zelia Archerd's death was Bernie Kirk Archerd, a IS­year­old sulted from an overdose of insulin. officially attributed to bronchial pneu- nephew of William Dale Archerd. The doctor based his opinion on monia due to coma of undetermined His death was allegedly the result the results of several spinal sugar origin. Since death by criminal means of a hit­and­run auto­pedestrian tests which he had performed on .. could not be established, no criminal traffic accident. Lieutenant Andre the victim. ., complaint could be filed at that time. contacted Sgt. Harold White of our The next death connected to Arch- homicidc bureau who had been Evidence Presented • erd came to the attention of Sergeant assigned to investigate all traffic Andre in 1958 when Archerd's fifth deaths occurring within the thirty With this information, homicide wife Juanita died in Las Vegas, Nev" cities which contract for law en- investigators presented their case to ~ allegedly from an overdose of barbi- forcement from the Los Angeles the district attorney's office in an turates 2 days after they were mar- County Sheriff's Department, and effort to obtain a criminal complaint ried. Since this death occurred out- they both agreed that there was a against Archerd. The investigators, • side Los Angeles County, Sergeant good possibility that Archerd had with Deputy District Attorney Joe Andre had no jurisdiction in the mat- killed again. Carr, had a conference with Dr. Theo- ter; however, he did inform the Clark In their investigation Sergeant dore Curphey, then Chief Medical Ex- .. County Sheriff's Department in Ne- White and Sgt. Walter Thornton aminer­Coroner for Los Angeles vada of his suspicions. learned from an attending physi- County, and Chief Toxicologist Aber- .. Attention was again called to Arch- cian that he first thought Bernie nathy in an effort to determine erd in March 1960, when Frank had suffered a head injury in the whether a criminal agency could be , Stewart, the ex­husband of Gladys accident; however, he was amazed established. It was learned that no • Arden, Archerd's wife at that time, to find no red blood cells in the method of extracting insulin from died in Southern Nevada Memorial spinal fluid and no cranial bleed- tissue or blood was known. It was also

January 1969 17 learned at that time that a successful Archerd had once again committed ter. Dr. Arquilla is recognized as one prosecution had taken place in Eng• the "perfect" murder. of the most outstanding experts on land; however, the techniques used to Archerd again came to the atten• insulin in this country and one of isolate the insulin were unavailable tion of Sergeant White in November three persons who could do a radio• to Mr. Abernathy. It was later proved 1966, when his seventh wife, Mary immunological assay on hum a n that even if Mr. Abernathy had known Arden, died allegedly as a result of blood. He agreed to assist in the in• these techniques, he would have been head injuries suffered in a traffic ac• vestigation. Dr. Arquilla's examina• unable to discover insulin in the tis• cident. Mary and Archerd were mar• tion of brain slides of victims Bernie sue of blood since Bernie had lived 9 ried in the early part of 1965 and Archerd and Mary Arden determined daYB after the injection and there• lived together until she hecame that Bernie's brain damage was fore the insulin would have dissipated bankrupt. Archerd moved out and caused by massive doses of long-acting due to the large amount of glucose again began living with his sixth wife, insulin administered 8 to 10 days he received intravenously. Gladys Arden. Mary was deeply in prior to his death. (Note: Archerd t love with Archerd and tried desper• visited "through the day" on August , Defraud Uncovered ately to locate him to tell him of her 23, 1961, and Bernie died September injuries. When he was finally con• 2, 1961.) He also stated that in his During the investigation of the tacted, Archerd went to her home to opinion Mary Arden's death was death of Bernie Archerd, investiga• "console" her. Two days later Mary caused by the same type dosage ad• tors discovered that Archerd and was admitted to a local hospital in a ministered several hours prior to her Stewart conspired to defraud the comatose condition and died the next admission to the hospital and possibly • insurance company by faking the slip day without regaining consciousness. another dose while she was in the and fall in Las Vegas. Stewart was not Her cause of death was listed as drug hospital. aware that the policy only paid in overdosage versus cerebral embolus case of his death or dismemberment. with hypoglycemia. Search for Witnesses This fact, as well as information Mary's death triggered another in• about another alleged auto·pedestrian vestigation of Archerd as a murderer. At this stage of the investigation, .- hit-and·run accident, this time with White, now a lieutenant, was assigned Detective Deiro was assigned the task Archerd as the victim, was learned to investigate her death, as well as of locating and identifying witnesses from a girl friend who helped stage those mentioned previously, on a full• in the death of a William Edward the accident. As a result of this alleged time basis. White, Captain Etzel, and Jones, who died in a Fontana, Calif., accident, Archerd filed a workman's Inspector Irving of the sheriff's de• hospital in 1947. Indications were that compensation claim since his "injury" partment conferred with the district he also was killed by an overdose of was suffered while he was actively attorney's office and asked for a deputy insulin at the hands of William Dale .. engaged in his regular employment. district attorney to work full time in Archerd. This information was fur• He also filed a fifty thousand dollar order to resolve the matter. At this nished by Archerd's third wife, whom bodily injury lawsuit against the time, Mr. Raymond J. Daniels, Jr., he had divorced the day before he owner of the car. These suits, as well was assigned to the case because of married Zelia. • as the Stewart lawsuit, were dismissed his medical background and his keen Deiro learned that Jones had been I with prejudice as a result of White's legal mind. At the same time, Detec• arrested for molesting a babysitter and Thornton's investigation. tive Marty Deiro was assigned to work and that Jones and Archerd con• Another interesting point was that with White and Daniels. This trio spired to fake a traffic accident in tewart, Bernie, and Archerd all had worked night and day researching in• order to get Jones admitted to the hos• dilated left pupils on their admi sion ulin, hypoglycemia, and related sub• pital while Archerd got the baby• to the hospital following their "acci• jects and at the same time looked for sitter's family out of town. They dent." Thi gave each "victim" medical experts to assist them in prov• thought that if there were no com• ,. symptom of a head injury and was ing the causes of death clinically, since plaining witnesses, the c rim ina 1 brought about simply by dropping the remains of the victims had long charges against Jones would be atropine in their eye . Even with this ince been disposed of. dropped. According to Archerd's additional information, there was still The first break in the case came third wife, Archerd had administered not enough evidence to prove a crimi• when investigators were referred to insulin to Jones so that he would have nal agency as the cause of death of Dr. Edward Arquilla, professor of the symptoms of the accident. Jones • either of the previous victims. Thu , pathology at the UCLA Medical Cen• did not know that the dosage would be

18 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin fatal, but Archerd, who had already Grace F. Thomas, a well­known psy- extract from Mary Arden's brain and collected $10 thousand from the Jones chiatrist and expert in insulin shock six mice were injected with the ex- family to square things with the baby- therapy, who was in charge of the in- tract from the control brain. The sitter's family, saw the possibility of sulin shock ward at the time Archerd average blood sugar depression of the even more money if Jones died. was employed at the Camarillo State mice injected with the extract from Hospital. Dr. Thomas was given Mary Arden's brain was more than Hundreds Interviewed copies of all the hospital records of twice that of the mice injected with the victims and, after thorough exam- the extract from the control brain Now the problem was to prove the ination, was able to say that each (145 mg. percent to 71 mg. percent). cause of death of Jones, Zella, Juanita, victim showed symptoms of having The mice in both cases had been made Stewart, Bernie, and Mary by other been administered insulin in massive diabetic and their blood sugar ranged than pathological means. At this time doses. Another co­worker of Archerd between 500 and 600 mgs. percent. the investigators decided to present at the Camarillo State Hospital testi- ~ the case in its entirety to the grand fied that Archerd had actually injected Conclusions Reached jury, allege three counts of murder her and others with insulin in small in Los Angeles County and three sim- doses so that they would know first Dr. Arquilla concluded that by .. ilar acts in other jurisdictions, and hand the symptoms of insulin shock biological assay and by radioim- try to prove the causes of death in its early stages. munoassay the tissue from Mary clinically. Dr. Robert Tranquada, professor Arden contained markedly elevated More than 400 witnesses in all the of internal medicine at the University insulin levels compared to the tissue deaths from 1947 through 1966 were of Southern California School of Med- selected as a control tissue. These find- located and re­interviewed. Among icine, was also enlisted as an expert ings, along with the well­documented these witnesses were family doctors, by the investigators because of his low blood sugar and low spinal sugar attending physicians, nurses, autopsy knowledge of diabetes and other prob- of Mary Arden, could only be ex- surgeons, toxicologists, experts in the lems related to the endocrine system. plained by massive dose of exogenous • field of insulin shock treatments, ex- Dr. Tranquada also reviewed all the insulin administered the night she .oj perts in the treatment of diabetes, and hospital records of the victims and went into a coma and perhaps a sub- an expert in insulin research, as well personally interviewed many relatives sequent dose of insulin while in the • as relatives, insurance company rep- and close friends of each victim to hospital. resentatives, and bank officials. Of establish their prior medical history. Until just before Dr. Arquilla these witnesses over 130 testified testified at the trial, neither Mr. before the Los Angeles County grand Research Begins Daniels nor Lieutenant White knew '" jury. Following a month­long hearing, the results of Dr. Arquilla's research. the grand jury returned a three­count On the day the superior court trial Even until Dr. Arquilla took the wit- .. murder indictment on July 27, 1967, started, Dr. Arquilla, of the UCLA ness stand, Daniels and White did not • and Archerd was i m m e d i ate 1y School of Medicine, was furnished a know that the doctor was going to arrested. "hold" jar containing brain, liver, testify to his finding since there had Following his arraignment, he was heart, and lung tissues of Mary Arden. been no precedent for such a finding. A ordered to stand trial in Department The doctor started a research project Up until this point the entire Archerd 25 of the Los Angeles Superior Court with the intent of extracting and case seemed to be strictly a circum- before the Honorable Adolph Alex- measuring the insulin content of the stantial one; however, with the testi- • ander. Archerd waived his right to tissues. Mary Arden's brain tissue was mony of Dr. Arquilla, a criminal trial by jury and the court's trial com- submitted to a procedure whereby agency had finally been established as ~ menced on December 4, 1967. After insulin was extracted and measured by the cause of death in at least one of • 36 trial days, Archerd was found radioimmunoassay and also biolog- the six previously enumerated mur- guilty of three counts of first degree ~ ically by injection into alloxan dia- ders. For the first time in medical murder and was subsequently sen- betic mice. A similar assay was history, an overdose of insulin was .. tenced to die in the gas chamber at performed with brain tissue from a measured both immunologically and San Quentin State Prison on each patient roughl y the same age as Mary biologically from an extraction from count. Arden. The extracted fluid from both brain tissue, and for the first time in • During the trial one of the most im- brain tissues was concentrated, and medical or legal history, a murder was portant experts to testify was Dr. seven mice were injected with the proven by this technique.

.. January 1969 19 CRIME PROBLEM ficult for other accused criminals to defendant has a large number of per• obtain a speedy public trial. There emptory challenges of a jury and also (Continued from page 4) must be a finality to the conviction unlimited challenges for cause; and, should protect the public by not ex• and sentencing of guilty criminals. second, if the press publicity so prej• tending these decisions by implication Guilty criminals who are now entitled udices a defendant that a fair trial or by applying them to a different set to repeat ad nauseam their petitions for the accused cannot be held in the of facts. and pleas for a new trial or for an community where the crime occurred, The net result is that the land of absolute discharge should be limited, the courts possess-and whenever law and order, the land of which all by statute or by rule of court, to one necessary exercise-the right to trans• of us have been so proud, and which direct appeal and to one, and only fer the trial of such a case to another in our hearts we still love, has be• one, post-conviction appeal. county or another location. come a land of unrest, of lawlessness, • We must never cease to press for • Most pressing, and I believe violence, and disorder-a land of tur• the overruling or modification of most important of all, every violator moil, of rioting, confusion, and Babel; court decisions which favor the of any and every law must be speedily ~ and you who remember your Genesis criminal at the expense of the law• tried and, if found guilty, appropri• remember what happened to Babel! abiding public, or at least their limita• ately punished! Mollycoddling, leni• What are the solutions? All the tion to prospective effect only. Briefs ent judges and other well-meaning vi• changes and reforms which are im• and petitions before the Supreme sionaries blandly and blindly overlook portant or necessary, including social Court should cite the most recent and the realistic fact that the avalanche of and economic reforms, cannot be relevant statistics showing the effect crime which is inundating our country effected immediately, but many of of these decisions on law enforcement. can be substantially reduced only by them can. I make the following recom• • Don't muzzle the press! The first swift, certain, and commensurate pun• mendations: amendment provides, as we all know, ishment. Commensurate punishment • Poverty is one of the major that freedom of the press must not be means, today, a punishment or sen• causes of the crimewave. Poverty abridged. This is of tremendous im• tence which will be a powerful deter• never can be eliminated, but it can be portance to our country, even though rent to prospective and repeating substantially reduced, thereby pro• it is not absolute and unlimited. New criminals. These soft-hearted judges ducing a decrease in crime. This can York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. forget that punishment is imposed on be accomplished by eliminating un• 254. a convicted criminal: first, for the sound and costly fiscal policies, from Newspapers and other news media protection of the public; secondly, the very top to the bottom, which have must make a greater effort to report and especially during a crimewave, as been unproductive year after year. the news with integrity, accuracy and a deterrent to future crimes; and • We need and must have more fairness. It is not an exaggeration to thirdly, for purposes of rehabilitation. policemen, more probation officers, say that newspapers and news media If a prospective criminal knows that and more judges! We can get better are vital and indispensable for the he may get probation or a suspended judges if the President and every protection of the public against crime sentence or a short sentence for any governor will appoint as judges, and and criminals. No matter what well• crime he commits, what is he likely the people will elect (if State law intentioned or unrealistic people to do? Every citizen, except molly• permit ), men primarily for their may say, the surest way, if not the coddling judges and unrealistic vi• judicial and legal ability, and sec• only way, it is possible for law-abid• sionaries, knows the answer. ondarily for their belief in and will• ing citizens to be alerted and to ade• I cannot refrain from expressing ingne s to protect law-abiding citizen quately protect themselves against my admiration for our wonderful FBI, from criminals. criminals is to be informed of a crime which I know i shared by a yas! • Some decisions of the upreme as soon a it happen ,together with all majority of the people of our country. Court have caused an avalanche of relevant details about when and where I know of no group or organization post-conviction petitions to be filed and how the crime occurred, and the or department of our Federal, State, by criminal , which are swamping our pertinent data about the suspected or local government which is held in already over-burdened court, and are criminal or criminals. Well-meaning such high esteem and which has done creating a backlog which i unfair to persons who believe that this press so much to aid and protect law-abid• civil litigants seeking justice, and are coverage, with its protective shield for ing citizens from criminals under the • causing uch a logjam in criminal the public, will prevent a fair trial are magnificent leadership of its Director. cases a to make it exceptionally dif• mistaken for two reasons: first, a J. Edgar Hoover.

20 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin NA GRADUATION (Continued from page 8)

Edward J. Mullen, Perth Amboy, N.J., Po- lice Department. James M. Murphy, Norwood, Mass., Police Department. Gary A. Nelson, Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension. James Richard Newsom, Port Arthur, Tex., Police Department. James Adam Oliver, East Norriton Town- ship Police Department, Norristown, Pa. John A. Patrikus, Portsmouth, N.H., Police Department. Kovid Phupanich, Thai National Police, Bangkok, Thailand. Earl M. Reynolds, National Bureau of In- vestigation, Manila, Philippines. William F. Roche, Jr., New Haven, Conn .. Police Department. Nieves Joseph Rodriguez, Waco, Tex., Po lice Department. Whitney O. Rosaaen, San Leandro, Calif., Police Department. Charles V. Ryan, Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Director Hoover presented the John Edgar Hoover Medal for Excellence in the Study of Law Thomas James Ryan, Silver City, . Mex., Enforcement to Chief Investigator Mal G. King, Ventura County District Attorney's Office, Ventura, Cal if., prior to the graduation exercises. The class officers of the 82d Session received Police Department. plaques bearing the seal of the FBI National Academy on that occasion. Shown at the time of Charles Robert Sanders, Centralia, Ill., Po- the presentation are, from left to right: Mr. Howard H. Earle, Ch ief Administrative Division, lice Department. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, president; Mr. King, who is also class secretary; Pramoat Sangmitr, Thai National Police, Mr. Hoover; Investigator Gary A. Nelson, Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, St. Paul, Minn., treasurer; Lt. W. A. Tudor, Arkansas State Police, Little Rock, Ark., vice president; and Ba ngkok, Thailand. Assistant Director Joseph J. Casper, FBI Tra ining Division . James A. Schreiner, Burlington, Iowa, Po- lice Department. Larry Dean Scott, Ogden, Utah, Police De- W. A. Tudor, Arkansas State Police. Herbert T. Williams, Newport News, Va., partment. Miles Curry Turner, Jr., Tampa, Fla., Po- Police Department. Robert E. Sheehan, Chicago, Ill., Police lice Department. Richard T. Wilson, Billings, Mont., Police Department. Harry E. Vandevort, Prescott, Ariz., Police Department. eal G. Shields, Shreveport, La., Police Department. Richard R. Wolfe, Fairbanks, Alaska, Po- Department. Ashley Vick, Anne Arundel County Police, lice Department. Seymour Silver, ew York, N.Y., Police Millersville, Md. Department. John K. White, Hawaii County Police De- Lynn S. Wood, Stanislaus County Sheriff's Glenn C. Simmons, Clark County Sheriff' partment, Hilo, Hawaii. Department, Modesto, Calif. Department, Las Vegas, Nev. Kermit E. White, Longview, Wash., Police Ronald James Woodward, Vermont State Walter E. Simpson, Little Rock, Ark., Po- Department. Police. lice Department. Michael Skotzko, U.S. Army. Harold D. Smith, Federal Bureau of Inves- tigation. William E. Squyars, Duval County Patrol, Jacksonville, Fla. VISION OBSCURED George W. Stephan, Federal Bureau of In· lens. This also damages the cameras. vestigation. Merchants in a southern State are George A. Strong, Federal Bureau of Inves- experiencing difficulty in maintaining As a countermeasure, proprietors tigation. their security systems. Camera devices are considering installing cameras in Marion R. Taylor, North Olmsted, Ohio, which have proven very effective in the ceilings, and efforts are being Police Department. identifying burglars in the past are made to conceal the devices behind Santiago Ybanez Toledo, National Bureau being sabotaged. In the latest attack air conditioning grillwork or other of Investigation, Manila, Philippines. camouflage. They consider the tech- ... Douglas L. True, Frankfort, Ky., Police De- the thieves eliminate the pictures by partment. spraying black paint on the camera nique too valuable to abandon.

January 1969 21 POLICE REORGANIZATION same classroom instruction as other The department is operated in a police officers, as well as defensive very flexible manner as opposed to (Continued from page 11) tactics and firearms training, be able military rigidity. All changes of policy that a good educational background, to pass all examinations satisfactorily, are thoroughly discussed in staff other things being equal, enables a and be available for outside work meetings and any alternatives are police officer to better serve his when necessary. A number of our considered. The department is not community. female employees have already had operated by majority vote, but the The question is asked of our depart• the basic training phase. Director of Police receives and con• ment, "What happens to the individ• New insignia to designate the vari• siders the combined ideas of his staff uals already in the department who ous positions within the department and then makes his decision based on cannot compete with the new appoint• are still under consideration. At pres• the proposals brought out in the staff ees who have 2 or 3 years of college or ent the Probationary Employee's uni• meetings. There is no way for the a college degree?" Our entrance form consists of khaki trousers and Director of Police to transfer his standards are very high and we have shirt, and his badge and cap piece responsibility to the staff; con• ~ very few people in the department who have the wording, "Police-Victoria, sequently, he must make the final did not meet these standards on enter• Texas." The Public Safety Officer decision. ing. These persons have been in the wears the regular blue uniform with After working under our reorgani• department for 15 years or more, and sidearm and the same badge as the zation for the past year, we are of the we have been able to assign them to Probationary Employee. The Public opinion that it is a workable structure positions compatible with their edu• Safety Technician wears the same uni• and that we wish to continue the plan • cation and training. These men are form and a two-tone badge with the with modifications as they are needed. still valuable to our department be• wording, "Technician-Victoria Po• cause their experience cannot be re• lice." The Assistant Division Manager placed, and we have no intention of and the Division Manager wear the phasing them out. same blue uniform and badge as they POLICE RADIO did under the old system. INTERFERENCE Position for Women Currently, we are surveying and It has been reported that militant We have established still another evaluating our reorganization. We leaders in some areas have been in• position within the department that is have found that the public as a whole, structing members on ways to inter• open to persons who meet all our especially those of the business com• fere with police radio networks. standards, except possibly that of edu• munity, are all for the new system. They suggest that some kind of cation, age, or physical condition. In They understand we are in a business wedge, such as a pin, toothpick, or this group are certain key female em• and our business is people. We are matchstick, be placed in the recessed .. ployees of the department who are better able to relate to them and they area of the transmitter button on the unable to function as full-time Public are better able to understand our police car radio so that the trans• Safety Technicians. The position has problems. We believe that public ac• mitter mechanism will be "on," or • been designated Police Agent. There ceptance of our reorganization will operative, on a continuing basis. are five salary steps in the Police mean renewed interest and support of It is well known that transmitters our department and its responsibil• Agent position, and the fifth is im• which are "on" at the same time may · ities. mediately below that of a Probation• mutually interfere with each other, w Our department is not covered by ary Employee. and thus the radio communication of police civil service. We operate under The Police Agents work primarily several cars could be disrupted or • in civilian clothes. Most of the female a merit system. Jew employees are materially affected. The militants re- w Police Agents are assigned to work brought into the department after the portedly recommend this action when . ' within the station house, such as in• completion of a very complicated and there is a great deal of confusion at a terviewing females, matron duty, typ• extensive application. The applicant is scene, when suspects are placed in a • ing, clerical work, radio dispatching, also submitted to a rigorous and and assisting in the identification thorough background investigation, police car, or at any opportune time, ... section. and a physical examination. After he depending on the circumstances, when ~ We do not anticipate that all our enters the department, his compensa• the police officer's attention is diverted female employees will become Police tion and responsibility are increa ed sufficiently to permit tampering with w Agents. Police Agents must take the as he proves himself. the radio equipment. •

22 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 4 or detonator, and the force of the ex• plosion either blew out the end of the cap or split the pipe. Toronto police have also ascer• tained that the group responsible for the bombing had a local machine shop make up 50 pieces of pipe like those recovered. The police are con• cerned about the other 37 devices. MTP officials have requested that anyone having information concern• ing the type of bomb depicted com• municate directly with the Criminal Investigation Branch, Metropolitan Toronto Police, 590 Jarvis Street, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada.

THE CUSTOMER WAS WRONG The use of a fraudulent scheme to obtain merchandise through the mail was detected by an employee in the ladies' handbag and shoe department of a large store in a southern city. A customer with a long-established credit rating called in an order for the purchase of a handbag and matching shoes and asked that these be sent as a gift to a general delivery address. The cap head on the raised end of this pipe bomb, one of 13 recovered by Toronto Police, is When the sale girl had difficulty fill• missing and appears to have been blown out by the explosion. ing the order within the price range specified, she called the home of the person placing the order and asked for authority to substitute more ex• Canadian Bombings pensive merchandise. pon receivmg the call, the person allegedly placing On the morning of September 24, . capped at both ends with a galvanized the gift order informed the employee 1968, a series of bombings occurred cast metal screw; two legs formed by that she had not made such an order. at 13 homes in Toronto, Ontario, a piece of wire coathanger attached Of course, the employee realized there Canada. Investigation by the Metro• to the pipe by shiny, perforated was an improper transaction. politan Toronto Police (MTP) has plumber's strapping fastened together Through the use of a dummy pack• disclosed that unknown persons with a 2-inch stove bolt ; and black age and with the cooperation of postal planted explosive devices near the friction tape wrapped around the pipe inspectors, the subj ect was located. residences of present or former ex• and over the upper part of the wire She was a former employee of the ecutives of two firms engaged in legs for added rigidity. The explosive store who had been discharged as un• producing materiel used by the United used in the bombs, according to the States in the Vietnam conflict. Toronto Police, was ammonium ni• satisfactory. She was arrested by Each bomb comprised a piece of trate possibly ignited by sulphuric postal inspectors on a charge of galvanized pipe, 2 inches in diameter acid and potassium chlorate. The fraudulently obtaining merchandise .. by 6 inches in length, threaded and caps contained no openings for a fuse through the mail. January 1969 23 should be considered armed and dan• WANTED BY THE FBI gerous. Notify the FBI

Any person having information which might assist in locating this fugitive is requested to notify imme• diately the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Depart• ment of Justice, Washington, D.C. 20535, or the Special Agent in Charge of the nearest FBI field office, the tele• phone number of which appears on the first page of most local directories. -

MISSING PERSONS (Continued from page 15) nesia victim was a traveling nurse who often took extended trips with her pa• tients; therefore, she was not reported missing in Chicago. Margaret was transferred to a State hospital in Illi• nois. She has since recovered and re• LESTER EDWARD BROWNING, JR ., also known a s: Les E. Browning, sumed her occupation. Les Edmund Browning, Jr. Life in the missing persons section can sometimes be hectic, but it is not Intersta te Flight- Murder all grim. The policewomen sometimes may receive a call from a frantic per• Lester Edward Browning, Jr., is Eyes______G ray, reportedly son reporting a dog missing, or a currently being sought by the FBI for blind in right eye. young man who would like us to locate Complexion______. Med ium. unlawful interstate fli ght to avoid an attractive young blonde he met Race______White. several years ago at a ballpark. prosecution for murder. Browning Nationality______American. allegedly shot to death a male a so• Occupations ______Advertising sales• We work very closely with the Trav• ciate of his ex-wife at her residence in man, part· time mu• elers Aid Society, Domestic Relations Santa Ana, Calif., on July 3, 1965. sician (bass violin Court, social workers in hospitals, and and tuba). many other agencies throughout Alle• After the shooting, Browning re• Remarks ______. Reported to be an portedly fled the State to avoid appre• gheny County. The largest part of our avid outdoorsman; work involves juveniles, and we spend hension. A Federal warrant for his allegedly uses in• arrest was issued on July 8, 1965, at toxicants to excess. most of our time receiving and proc• Santa Ana. FBI No______296,714 F. essing reports of runaways and con• ducting investigations to locate them. Fingerprint classification: Perhaps the policewoman's lot Description 20 L 5 U 4 Ref: 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 would be an easier one jf parents "• Age______. 36, born Sept. 30, o 2 Rt 1 3 4 9 10 11 12 would give their children the love and 1932, Los Angele , care they deserve. It is my earnest 4 Calif. Caution opinion that there would be far fewer HeighL______6 feet 2 inche . incidents of delinquency and mala:!• WeighL ______190 pounds. In view of the cnme for which Build______Medium. justment among our young people if HaiL______Brown (may have Browning is ought and an allegation parents would devote more time and crewcut) . that he has suicidal tendencies, he attention to their offspring. • 24 FB I Law Enforcement Bulletin

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1968 0 _ 326-111 FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Complet. this form and return to:

DrRECTOR FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASmNGTON, D.C. 20535

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.. Mr. Troy Coleman, Special Agent in Charge of the Springfield, III., FBI Office (left), is shown presenting an FBI National Academy seal plaque to Mr. William H. Morris, Operating Director of the Governor's Committee on Criminal Justice for the State of Illinois, and formerly Superintendent .. of the Illinois State Highway Police, as Hon. Ross V. Randolph, Director, Illinois Department of Public Safety, looks on. The honor was in com• memoration of Mr. Morris' recent appointment as National Historian of the FBI National Academy Associates. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE POSTAGE AND FEES PAID FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON, D .C. 20333 OFFICIAL BUSINESS

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INTERESTING PATTERN

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The pattem prelented above il intereltlng becaule of the unulual ridge formation found at the center of the impreilion. Thil pattern II clalll• fted al a loop with 17 ridge countl.