DOCSLIB.ORG

The League of Nations Starts; an Outline by Its Organisers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The League of Nations Starts; an Outline by Its Organisers I ^^cL.<^i ^r/^ ^ THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS STARTS MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited LONDON • BOMBAV • CALCUTTA • MADRAS MELBOURNB THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON - CHICAGO DALLAS • SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TORONTO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS STARTS AN OUTLINE BY ITS ORGANISERS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1920 ii , r COPYRIGHT FOREWORD The League of Nations is commonly spoken of as if it were a closely knit, compact entity, directed by a clearly defined individuality. It is almost never visualised as a co-operative association wherein the nations seek to overcome their mutual differences by means of a complex organization ramifying through many fields of international interest. We speak of " The League " much as we speak of " England " or " Italy," but whereas with individual countries the appellation con- notes aU the separate actions of government, in the case of the League, unfortunately, it brings to mind merely a single, very general, abstract principle. If this error is natural because of the extreme newness of the League, it is none the less dangerous because -of the tendency which it fosters to prevent our analysing the actual structure and method of operation of the League. Just as it is essential to the success of national governments to under- stand exactly what their duties and powers are, so, but to a still greater degree, is it essential to know what are the duties and powers of a League embracing most of the civilised world. The League, indeed, can be analysed in just the same way as any other human association. It has its plenary organiza- tion, its executive committee, its permanent staff, its Court, and its special departments of health, labour, armaments, ; vi THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS communications, finance, and information. To understand it, we must understand the elements which go together to compose it. Such a study of international machinery is, of course, absolutely new. Until the creation of the League of Nations, there existed hardly enough international activity to make it worth while. Within the past twelve months, however, there has evolved an international structure which, if still very incomplete, is yet sufficient to satisfy the general desire to know by what processes the nations of the world will eventu- ally be brought into federation. Even to-day, we may see the oak in the seed. Wholly apart, however, from the novelty and interest attaching to what may well become the most ambitious political movement ever attempted, a very real end is to be served in the bringing forth of constructive criticism. The present League of Nations is admittedly imperfect ; it satisfies its friends hardly more than it satisfies its enemies ; it has been launched on a long career of evolution and development it is faced by obstacles which at times seem insuperable ; yet it cannot be doubted that the main ideas underlying it must be made in one form or another to succeed. That can be done only by the intelligent, constructive suggestion of those who believe in it. There will always be a plethora of hostile critics, of selfish interests, of narrow- minded individuals, to endeavour to cripple and destroy it, for it is now obvious that the spirit underlying the League of Nations is dangerously far in advance of present day practice. There remains for its friends, then, the task of aiding, guiding, and counselling the League into the channels which correspond with the world's better interests. Only disaster can come from the attitude of sitting comfortably back with the thought FOREWORD vii that the League is now launched and has but to go its own way to success. The League will undoubtedly meet with many set-backs ; that must clearly be foreseen. Complete success is altogether too much to expect of any human association, especially in the political field. The fair measure to apply to the League is to ask, not if it has done everything that lay open to it to do, but rather, if its creation has made the world a little better than it used to be. In other words, we must strike a broad average of accomplishment for the League, just as we strike a broad average of accomplishment for a national government. If we do not hold the latter a complete failure for not having averted crime or suppressed corruption, so we must give the League that same generous allowance for human fallibility, remembering above all else that it is but at the beginning of its development. With these general ideas in mind, a number of men, familiar with both the broad policies and the detailed development of the League, have written a series of chapters, each on his own particular field, showing exactly how the League is organised and is functioning in its various activities. It is the hope ofthe writers that this analytical study will illuminate the general outlines of the League structure as it exists to-day, and stimulate public discussion and suggestion along those helpful and constructive lines which alone will make the League the success that the world has the right to expect. CONTENTS PAGE I, The Structure of the League. By Raymond B. FosDiCK, formerly Under-Secretary-General of the League of Nations . .1 II. Inter-Allied Machinery in War-Time. By George RuBLEE, Delegate to Inter-Allied Maritime Transport Council . • .29 III. First Pages from the History op the League of Nations. By Dr. J. T. Shotwell, Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City . 46 IV. The Permanent Court of International Justice. By Leon Bourgeois, Member of the Institute of France and President of the Senate of the French Republic, and Andr]^ Weiss, Member of the Institute of France and Professor of International Law at the University of Paris . • • .59 V. Official National Co-operation. By Lt.-Col. Requin, French General Staff and French Service of the • • League of Nations . .81 VI. Direct International Administration. By an Official 91 VII. Indirect International Supervision. By the Hon. W. Ormsby Gore, M.P. • • .101 VIII. Reduction of Armaments. By El Vizconde de Eza, Spanish Minister of War . .126 X THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS PAOE IX. The International Labour Organisation. By H. B. Butler, Deputy-Director, International Labour Office 140 X. Public Health, the League, anh the Ked Cross. By Richard P. Strong, General Medical Director of the League of Red Cross Societies . .155 XI. Economics and Finance. By Mr. J. A. Salter, Secretary-General, Reparations Commission, and formerly Director, Economics and Finance Section, International Secretariat, League of Nations . 170 XII. Transportation and Communications between States. By M. A. Claveille, formerly Minister of Public Works in France, and President of the International Commission of Enquiry on Freedom of Communica- tions and Transit, Paris, 1919-20 . .185 XIII. International Associations of Various Types. By Henri la Fontaine, Member of the Belgian Senate, and M. Paul Otlet . .201 APPENDICES I. The Covenant of the League op Nations, with A Commentary thereon . .213 II. Membership in the League of Nations, July 30th, 1920 . .239 III. Significant Dates in the History of the League OF Nations 242 IV. Council Representatives 244 V. SECRKTARL4.T . 246 VI. Peace Conference . 247 VII. Health Conference 249 VIII. Commission of Inquirv on Freedom of Communica- tions AND Transit . .251 • IX. Statistics . .253 CONTENTS xi PAGE X. Committee op International Jurists . .254 XI. Saar Basin Governing Commission . 255 XII. The Governing Body of the International Labour Office ...... 257 XIII. Labour Organisation .... 260 XIV. International Labour Office . 266 List of Books on the League of Nations . .267 : THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEAGUE By Raymond B. Fosdick, formerly Under-Secretary-General of the League of Nations. The League of Nations—or La Societe des Nations—for the French and English languages are both official—came into existence on January 10, 1920. Eighteen states then became members by giving their final, formal approval to the Treaty of Peace with Germany, which entered into force at that time. The Covenant of the League of Nations—the written Con- stitution of this new political organ and a part of the Treaty —thus became a living instrument. It has a celebrated history, but we cannot pause to narrate that now. The final form of the document is printed in full in the Appendix. The Covenant contains twenty-six brief articles, and is much shorter and more readable than the Constitution of the United States. As yet, it has been subject neither to amend- ment nor to strained interpretation at the hands of any body of jurists or statesmen. Its Members Forty states, spread over the six grand divisions of the world, had, by August 1, 1920, accepted membership in the League without reservation B THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Europe : I THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEAGUE 3 Of these, the United States is the only Power which has definitely refused to approve the Covenant, although it seems probable that the action of Honduras, Nicaragua, and perhaps Ecuador, will follow that of the United States. In addition to these states, there remain outside the membership of the League, the five Central European Powers : Austria. Hungary. Bulgaria. Turkey. Germany. and other countries which, for various reasons, have not yet been invited to join : Albania. Abyssinia. Andorra. Costa Rica. Dominican Repubhc. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Population of League States Argentine Republic . THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEAGUE Area op League States Argentine Republic .... — 6 THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS i Some of these countries, however—the thirteen in itahcs have already applied for admission to the League ; and before concluding a geographical survey of this kind, mention should be made of those parts of the world not belonging to any Member State, but which are directly administered, in some degree at least, by the League itself : L Territory of the Saar Basin, 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethnologia Scandinavica 2019
    Contents Papers vetenhet i Gamlakarleby socken 1740‒1800. Rev. by Mikkel Venborg Pedersen 3 Editorial. By Lars-Eric Jönsson 199 Religion as an Equivocal Praxis in the European 5 Tales from the Kitchen Drawers. The Micro- Union. Helene Rasmussen Kirstein, Distinktio- physics of Modernities in Swedish Kitchens. By nens tilsyneladende modsætning. En etnologisk Håkan Jönsson undersøgelse af religionsbegrebets flertydighed 22 Reading the Reindeer. New Ways of Looking at som mulighedsbetingelse for europæiske kirkers the Reindeer and the Landscape in Contemporary position i EU’s demokrati. Rev. by Sven-Erik Husbandry. By Kajsa Kuoljok Klinkmann 40 Sensations of Arriving and Settling in a City. 201 Fieldwork into Fandom. Jakob Löfgren, …And Young Finnish Rural Out-migrants’ Experiences Death proclaimed ‘Happy Hogswatch to all and with Moving to Helsinki. By Lauri Turpeinen to all a Good Night.’ Intertext and Folklore in 56 Returnees’ Cultural Jetlag. Highly Skilled Profes- Discworld-Fandom. Rev. by Tuomas Hovi sionals’ Post-Mobility Experiences. By Magnus 204 Fleeting Encounters with Birds and Birdwatchers. Öhlander, Katarzyna Wolanik Boström & Helena Elin Lundquist, Flyktiga möten. Fågelskådning, Pettersson epistemisk gemenskap och icke-mänsklig karis- 70 Danish Gentlemen around 1900. Ideals, Culture, ma. Rev. by Carina Sjöholm Dress. By Mikkel Venborg Pedersen 206 Finnish War Children in Sweden. Barbara Matts- 92 Narrating and Relating to Ordinariness. Experi- son, A Lifetime in Exile. Finnish War Children in ences of Unconventional Intimacies in Contem- Sweden after the War. An Interview Study with a porary Europe. By Tone Hellesund, Sasha Rose- Psychological and Psychodynamic Approach. neil, Isabel Crowhurst, Ana Cristina Santos & Rev. by Florence Fröhlig Mariya Stoilova 209 Work-Life Orientations for Ethnologists.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter Utgivna Av Statsvetenskapliga Föreningen I Uppsala 199
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter utgivna av Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala 199 Secession och diplomati Unionsupplösningen 1905 speglad i korrespondens mellan UD, beskickningar och konsulat Redaktörer: Evert Vedung, Gustav Jakob Petersson och Tage Vedung 2017 © Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala och redaktörerna 2017 Omslagslayout: Martin Högvall Omslagsbild: Tage Vedung, Evert Vedung ISSN 0346-7538 ISBN 978-91-513-0011-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821) Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB 2017 Till professor Stig Ekman Till minnet av docent Arne Wåhlstrand Inspiratörer och vägröjare Innehåll Förord ........................................................................................................ ix Secession och diplomati – en kronologi maj 1904 till december 1905 ...... 1 Secession och diplomati 1905 – en inledning .......................................... 29 Åtta bilder och åtta processer: digitalisering av diplomatpost från 1905 ... 49 A Utrikesdepartementet Stockholm – korrespondens med beskickningar och konsulat ............................................................. 77 B Beskickningar i Europa och USA ................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Berlin ...................................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Bryssel/Haag ......................................................... 197 Beskickningen i Konstantinopel ....................................................... 202 Beskickningen
    [Show full text]
  • Page 01 June 06.Indd
    ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED NEWSPAPER Thursday 6 June 2013 27 Rajab 1434 - Volume 18 Number 5722 Price: QR2 QE to woo Nadal, Djokovic more foreign to clash in French investment Open semis Business | 21 Sport | 32 www.thepeninsulaqatar.com [email protected] | [email protected] Editorial: 4455 7741 | Advertising: 4455 7837 / 4455 7780 Bahrain probe Qatar Foundation signs MoU OPINION Qaradawi, Hezbollah and sectarian war into Hezbollah his Tweek Germany warned against business links arming Syrian rebels on the ground Other GCC nations urged to follow suit that it might lead Khalid Al Sayed DOHA: Some seven years after the whole region,” said a commen- to sectar- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Hezbollah and its leader Sayyed tator on Alarabia.net yesterday. ian war, Hassan Nasrallah were cel- “If Arab leaders want stability but those watching the ebrated as heroes in the GCC in their countries, they must ban Syrian uprising might have region and the rest of the Arab Hezbollah’s activities in their ter- noticed that the sectarian world for their victory over ritories.” Another commentator war has already started — Israel, the tables seem to be writing on the web portal called with Hezbollah chief Hassan turning against the militant for a ban on Shias in (Arab and Nasrallah’s speech. He openly outfit as it intervenes in Syria GCC states) so “they abandon declared his support for the and goes on a killing spree their pro-Iran agenda”. Bashar Al Assad regime and against Sunni rebels. Yet another suggested that if sent his people to Syria to Just days after the GCC sec- the GCC states boycott Hezbollah, fight alongside Assad’s forces, retary-general, Abdullatif Al “100s of thousands of Lebanese H H Sheikha Moza bint Nasser and Prince Charles witnessing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding declaring that he would not Zayani, condemned Hezbollah for Shia based in the region would be between Qatar Foundation and the Prince of Wales’ Charitable Foundation that will focus on developing give terrorists a chance to interfering in Syria, Bahrain yes- driven away.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comic in the Theatre of Moliere and of Ionesco: a Comparative Study
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1965 The omicC in the Theatre of Moliere and of Ionesco: a Comparative Study. Sidney Louis Pellissier Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Pellissier, Sidney Louis, "The omicC in the Theatre of Moliere and of Ionesco: a Comparative Study." (1965). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1088. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1088 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-744 PELLISSIER, Sidney Louis, 1938- s THE COMIC IN THE THEATRE OF MO LI ERE AND OF IONESCO: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1965 Language and Literature, modern University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE COMIC IN THE THEATRE OF MOLIHRE AND OF IONESCO A COMPARATIVE STUDY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Foreign Languages btf' Sidney L . ,') Pellissier K.A., Louisiana State University, 19&3 August, 19^5 DEDICATION The present study is respectfully dedicated the memory of Dr. Calvin Evans. ii ACKNO'.-'LEDGEKiNT The writer wishes to thank his major professor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH in the HISTORY of ECONOMIC THOUGHT and METHODOLOGY RESEARCH in the HISTORY of ECONOMIC THOUGHT and METHODOLOGY Founding Editor: Warren J
    RESEARCH IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND METHODOLOGY RESEARCH IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND METHODOLOGY Founding Editor: Warren J. Samuels (1933–2011) Series Editors: Luca Fiorito, Scott Scheall, and Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak Recent Volumes: Volume 35A: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on the Historical Epistemology of Economics; 2017 Volume 35B: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on New Directions in Sraffa Scholarship; 2017 Volume 36A: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on Bruce Caldwell’s Beyond Positivism after 35 Years; 2018 Volume 36B: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on the Work of Mary Morgan: Curiosity, Imagination, and Surprise; 2018 Volume 36C: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on Latin American Monetary Thought: Two Centuries in Search of Originality; 2018 Volume 37A: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on 50 Years of the Union for Radical Political Economics; 2019 Volume 37B: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on Ludwig Lachmann; 2019 Volume 37C: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on Robert Heilbroner at 100; 2019 Volume 38A: Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology: Including a Symposium on Public Finance in the History of Economic Thought; 2020 EDITORIAL BOARD Michele Alacevich Nicola Giocoli University of Bologna, Italy University of Pisa, Italy Rebeca Gomez Betancourt Harald Hagemann University of Lumière Lyon 2, France University of Hohenheim, Germany John Davis Tiago Mata Marquette University, USA; University University College, London, of Amsterdam, The Netherlands UK Till Düppe Steven Medema Université du Québec à Montréal, University of Colorado Denver, Canada USA Ross Emmett Gary Mongiovi Arizona State University, USA St.
    [Show full text]
  • Tocqueville in the Classroom: Exploring Democracy in America. INSTITUTION C-SPAN, Washington, DC
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 419 748 SO 028 857 AUTHOR Frantzich, Stephen, Ed.; Splaine, John TITLE Tocqueville in the Classroom: Exploring Democracy in America. INSTITUTION C-SPAN, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 80p. AVAILABLE FROM C-SPAN in the Classroom, 400 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20001. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Constitutional History; *Democracy; Democratic Values; Elementary Secondary Education; Federalism; *Freedom; *North American History; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Beaumont (Gustave de); *Tocqueville (Alexis de) ABSTRACT This learning packet is divided into two parts with eleven chapters. Part 1 provides background information retracing Alexis de Tocqueville's 1831-32 tour of North America which led to the publication of "Democracy in America." Part 2 contains a short description of the seven primary themes emphasized by de Tocqueville with issues more fully explored in the teaching modules at the end of each chapter. Chapter titles include: (1) "Studying America: The Itinerary for Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont"; (2) "Alexis de Tocqueville: A Timeline Biography (1805-1859)"; (3) "Gustave de Beaumont: A Timeline Biography (1802-1866)"; (4) "Brief Biographies of Some Tocqueville Interviewees"; (5) "The Journey and North American Geography"; (6) "Social and Cultural Issues in American Democracy"; (7) "Political Issues in American Democracy"; (8) "Media and the Press in American Democracy";(9) "Associations in American Democracy"; (10) "Race and Gender in American Democracy"; and (11) "Research Methodology/Teaching Methodology." An accompanying booklet contains the "1996-97 Equipment-For-Education Grant Winning Entries." The teacher-authors' winning lesson plans were chosen based on the ease in translating the substantive ideas of the lessons to text.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexis De Tocqueville and the Making of the Modern World
    ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE AND THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD By Alan Macfarlane 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Note on References, Conventions and Measures 4 Abbreviated titles of works by Alexis de Tocqueville 5 Preface 6 1. Tocqueville’s Life and Vision 7 2. Tocqueville’s Method 12 3. ‘America’ as a Thought Experiment – 1 21 4. ‘America’ as a Thought Experiment – 2 35 5. English Origins – 1 49 6. English Origins – 2 65 7. Fragile Liberty – 1 77 8. Fragile Liberty – 2 91 Bibliography 104 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As with all books, this is a composite work and I would like to thank some of the many people who have helped me on the way to completing it. Andrew Morgan and Harry Pitt, former teachers, originally inspired me with an interest in history and in particular in Tocqueville. Penny Lang typed, checked, and commented on numerous versions of the text. Iris Macfarlane read the text several times. John Davey read the typescript twice and was his usual encouraging and wise self. Gabriel Andrade checked the proof of the electronic book version. Cecilia Scurrah Ehrhart carefully checked the footnotes. Lily Harrison Blakely through her birth gave me inspiration. To these I would like to add the University of Tokyo, and in particular Professor Takeo Funabiki, which funded a sabbatical term during which, among other things, I re-wrote sections of the text. Marilyn Strathern for, once again, shielding me from administrative pressures and for wise leadership. To Cherry Bryant for reading and checking the text several times. Michael Lotus encouraged me to abstract the book from its larger context and to publish it as an e-book.
    [Show full text]
  • World Health Organization
    1 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER The Origin of the International Agency for Research on Cancer By R. Sohier and A.G.B. Sutherland Translated by John Cheney IARC Technical Report No. 6 Lyon 2015 2 Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015 Translation of: La genèse du Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (Rapport technique du CIRC No. 6), 1990 ISBN 978-92-832-2455-6 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate IARC publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – should be addressed to the IARC Communications Group, at: [email protected]. Note from the translator: This account of the process by which IARC came into being in the 1960s is based largely upon official documents, working papers, and correspondence that have been preserved, although much seems to have been lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Reelle Hensyn” I Norsk Rettstenkning
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives ”Reelle hensyn” i norsk rettstenkning Stian Haldsrud Masteroppgave Institutt for statsvitenskap UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 10. mai 2006 2 INNHOLD Forord……………………………………………………………………………..…5 1.0 INNLEDNING, PROBLEMSTILLING OG METODE………………….....6 1.1 Innledning med problemstilling………………………………………………....6 1.2 Metode…………………………………………………………………………..8 1.3 God latin i statsvitenskapen?...............................................................................12 2.0 REELLE HENSYN SOM BEGREP………..………………………………..15 2.1 Alf Ross……………………………………………………………………..….15 2.2 Carl August Fleischer.………………………………………………………….16 2.3 Torstein Eckhoff………………………………………………………………..22 2.4 Jens Evald………………………………………………………………….…...26 2.5 Fredrik Sejersted…………………………………………………………….….27 2.6 Sverre Blandhol………………………………………………………………....28 2.7 Morten Kinander………………………………………………………………..30 2.8 Min forståelse. Begrepets utvikling………………………………………….…34 2.8.1 Bred og snever bruk av reelle hensyn…………………………………38 2.8.2 Begrepsutviklingen…………………………………………………....40 3.0 REELLE HENSYN I RETTSPRAGMATISME OG RETTSREALISME.50 3.1 Innledning………………………………………………………………………50 3.2 Anton Martin Schweigaard – vår første pragmatiker…………………………..53 3.3 Konsesjonssaken…………………………………………………………….….56 3.3.1 Kristiania Byrett 1913………………………………………………....58 3.3.2 Høyesterett 1918……………………………………………………....59 3.4 Fullmaktslovgivningen ………………………………………………………....62 3.5 Drøfting………………………………………………………………………....68 3.5.1
    [Show full text]
  • Sparebank 1 Nord-Norge Annual Report 2018
    SPAREBANK 1 NORD-NORGE ANNUAL REPORT 2018 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OPERATIONS ANNUAL ACCOUNTS 2018 SPAREBANK 1 NORD-NORGE CONTENTS TABLE OF OF TABLE SPAREBANK 1 NORD-NORGE 1 SPAREBANK 06 From the CEO SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge 10 Strategic compass 12 Historical background 14 Important events in 2018 16 SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge’s branches 17 Organisational Chart and Company Structure 18 Annual report 22 Annual report from the Board ANNUAL ACCOUNTS Annual accounts 2018 48 Annual report – Income statement 49 Annual report – Balance Sheet 50 Annual report – Changes in equity 52 Annual report – Cash flow Statement 53 Annual report – Notes 146 Declaration by the Board of Directors and CEO 2018 147 Auditor’s report Operations 156 Group management 158 Board of Directors 160 Governing bodies OPERATIONS 162 Corporate governance in SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge 176 Risk management and internal control 183 Ownership 191 Operations 198 SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge Markets 200 SpareBank 1-alliance 204 The Foundations 206 Organisation and HR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SOCIAL CORPORATE Corporate social responsibility 216 Global Reporting Intiative (GRI) 221 Sustainability 232 Samfunnsløftet Photo annual report 2018: Edvard Kristiansen, Marius Fiskum, Tom Benjaminsen and Perspektivet Museum. A STABLE REGION IN SPAREBANK 1 NORD-NORGE 1 SPAREBANK AN UNSTABLE WORLD 4 2018 was a year characterised by global instability. Climate change, trade wars, Brexit and #metoo have filled our news channels. olitical instability in normally stable coun- Our owners obviously benefit from good results. tries such as Sweden were symptoms Equity certificate holders will receive a dividend of that completed the picture. Despite this, NOK 4 per equity certificate.
    [Show full text]
  • MEETING of STATES PARTIES Fifth Meeting New York, 24 July-2 August 1996
    UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA SPLOS Distr. MEETING OF GENERAL STATES PARTIES SPLOS/11 25 June 1996 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ARABIC/CHINESE/ENGLISH/ FRENCH/RUSSIAN/SPANISH MEETING OF STATES PARTIES Fifth meeting New York, 24 July-2 August 1996 CURRICULA VITAE OF CANDIDATES NOMINATED BY STATES PARTIES FOR ELECTION TO THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA Note by the Secretary-General CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 3 II. CURRICULA VITAE .................................................. 4 AKL, Joseph ...................................................... 4 ANDERSON, David Heywood .......................................... 6 ATTARD, David J. ................................................. 9 BULA-BULA, Raymond Sayeman ....................................... 20 CAMINOS, Hugo .................................................... 22 DEGNI-SEGUI, René ................................................ 33 EIRIKSSON, Gudmundur ............................................. 37 EL-HUSSEIN, Ali Khalid ........................................... 39 ENGO, Paul Bamela ................................................ 42 FOMBA, Salifou ................................................... 47 96-15821 (E) 050796 /... SPLOS/11 English Page 2 CONTENTS (continued) Page HAKAPÄÄ, Kari .................................................... 49 JACOVIDES, Andreas J. ............................................ 51 KOLODKIN, Anatoly Lazarevich ..................................... 59 LAING, Edward
    [Show full text]
  • Johan Castberg Og De Castbergske Barnelover EN STOR MANN FRA
    Johan Castberg og de Castbergske barnelover EN STOR MANN FRA LILLE BREVIK På fjellveggen i Kastanjehagen i Brevik henger en minneplate over en mann fra Brevik som ikke så mange vet hvem er. Hans navn er Johan Castberg. Han var født i Brevik 21. september 1862, og døde i Oslo 24. desember 1926. Oppvekst i Brevik Høsten 1862 ble en gutt med navn Johan Castberg født i Brevik. Han ble oppkalt etter sin far som het Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg. Faren var opprinnelig fra Fredrikstad, og det var hans jobb ved Brevik Tollsted som førte familien til Telemark. Moren het Hanna Magdalene Castberg, født Frisak Ebbesen. Hun var født i Risør. Familien kom til Brevik i 1858. De bodde på Sylterøya, i Kirkegaten 16. Eiendommen inneholdt den gang et stort og et lite hus, i tillegg til en fløybygning mot nord som inneholdt vedskjul og utedo. Det var ikke innlagt vann. En felles vannpost sto utenfor porten øverst i krysset Skipsbakken/Kirkegaten. Det minste huset ble senere revet for å utvide veien ned til Blikkvarefabrikken. Hovedhuset, hvor familien Castberg bodde, brant i 1952. Ny bolig ble reist på eiendommen av Trygvde og Herdis Thorsen. Boligen eies i 2016 av Andrè Knudsen og Jesper Nilsen, som har pusset opp og modernisert huset. Familien Castberg var en fruktbar familie, og hadde til sammen 13 barn. De 9 første ble født i Brevik. Ved folketellingen i 1865 bodde følgende i Kirkegata 16: Far Johan 39 år, mor Hanna 27 år og 4 barn, Margrethe 6 år, Jørgen 5 år, Johan 4 år og Einar 2 år.
    [Show full text]