Gray & Pape Proposal No. 20-0329P

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPOSAL: INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT, ACTON,

Submitted to

Matthew Selby Director Land Use and Economic Development Town of Acton 472 Main Street Acton, MA 01720

Submitted by

______Patrick O’Bannon, Ph.D. Northeast Regional Manager

Gray & Pape, Inc. 60 Valley Street, Suite 103 Providence, Rhode Island 02909 401-273-9900

October 7, 2020 INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...... I INTRODUCTION ...... 1 SECTION I: ORGANIZATION QUALIFICATIONS AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT TEAM ...... 3 Overview of the Organization ...... 3 Project Management ...... 4 Corporate Experience ...... 4 Archaeological Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) Survey, Weweantic River Restoration Project, Horseshoe Pond Dam, Wareham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts ...... 4 Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the Blackstone Hydro, Inc., Tupperware Hydroelectric Relicensing Project, Millville and Blackstone, Worcester County, Massachusetts and North Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island ...... 5 Livermore Falls State Forest Phase IB Intensive Archaeological Investigation of the Proposed Parking Lot and Pit Toilet Locations, Grafton County, New Hampshire...... 5 Key Personnel ...... 6 Northeast Regional Manager, Dr. Patrick O’Bannon ...... 6 Senior Principal Investigator/Project Manager, Ms. Kimberly Smith ...... 6 Project Archaeologist/Geoarchaeologist/Site Safety Officer, Mr. Nathan Scholl ...... 7 Archaeologist, Mr. Charles Rose ...... 7 Selected Project Experience of Key Personnel ...... 8 SECTION II: PREVIOUS RESEARCH OF THE 53 RIVER STREET PARCEL ...... 19 SECTION III: PROJECT APPROACH ...... 20 Pre-Fieldwork Preparation ...... 20 Task 1: Research Design/Background Research ...... 22 Archival Research ...... 23 MHC Archaeological Permit ...... 23 Task 2: Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Of The Project Area ...... 23 Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Fieldwork Approach ...... 24 Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Field Investigation Methodology ...... 24 Task 3: Site Examination Within The Project Area ...... 26 Goals for an Archaeological Site Examination ...... 26

INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

Site Examination Field Investigations ...... 28 Task 4: Analysis And Reporting ...... 30 Laboratory Processing and Analyses ...... 31 Technical Report ...... 32 Task 5: Cataloging and Curation of Artifacts, Site Forms, And Documents ...... 34 ASSUMPTIONS ...... 34 SECTION IV: PROJECT SCHEDULE ...... 34 Implementation – Work Plan ...... 35 SECTION V: COST PROPOSAL ...... 36 SECTION VI: SUMMARY ...... 37

INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

INTRODUCTION Gray & Pape is pleased to provide the Town of Acton (Town) with this proposal for an Intensive Archaeological Survey/Site Examination for the River Street Dam Removal Project at 53 River Street, Acton, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Our understanding of the project requirements is based upon the information contained in the Town Request for Quotes (RFQ) issued September 24, 2020. The purpose of this intensive archaeological survey/site examination is to analyze potential effects to archeological and historic resources, in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. All tasks associated with this project will be conducted by qualified personnel, as defined by Federal standards (36 CFR Part 61), and in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. § 470) and the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) (301 CMR 11). The excavations will be implemented consistent with the Massachusetts Historical Commissions (MHC) guidelines (as outlined in the Massachusetts archaeological permit regulations in 950 CMR 70.00), the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (48 Fed. Reg. 190 (1983), and the proposed 36 CFR Part 66, “Recovery of Scientific, Prehistoric, Historic, and Archaeological Data.”

Gray & Pape’s Northeast office, located in Providence, Rhode Island, staff are particularly suited for this project because of their extensive experience with the permitting process and state standards for Massachusetts and MHC, federal agencies, and local municipalities; their specific local and national expertise relative to the mitigation of Pre-Contact and historical period cultural resources; and their expertise in occupational and industrial safety protocols. Our project team includes an experienced principal-in- charge, a principal investigator with extensive project experience in Massachusetts, a trained and experienced a geoarchaeologist, professional crew with extensive archaeological intensive (locational) survey and site examination experience, and a strong support team. Specifically, several key strengths distinguish Gray & Pape from competitors: • Our Project Management Program • Our Culture of Safety Program • Our superior track record in responding to client needs, and • Our history of business and technology innovation

Gray & Pape is keenly aware that, to initiate innovative ideas, it is important to remain abreast of current technological capabilities, acquire necessary software and equipment, and creatively mesh new solutions with project needs. Gray & Pape routinely works with a variety of clients to provide innovative solutions to cultural resource management issues, through: • Enhanced project results • Lower costs, and • Improved scheduling and planning

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INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

This proposal is organized into six main sections. Section I outlines our company qualifications, details our organizational management structure, describes the roles and responsibilities of the project team, and provides specific details regarding the team members’ qualifications, backgrounds, and experience. Section II presents a basic research design and Project Area history. Section III presents Gray & Pape’s approach to the project. Section IV provides a proposed project schedule. Section V provides a cost proposal. Section VI provides a proposal summary.

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INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

SECTION I: ORGANIZATION QUALIFICATIONS AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT TEAM OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION Established in 1987, Gray & Pape is a national leader specializing in full service Cultural Heritage Management and historic preservation services. During our 30-year history, we have established a reputation with clients and regulatory agencies for understanding the intricacies of heritage planning, permitting, and project implementation. Through seven corporate offices, including Providence, Rhode Island, we provide professional consultation for all phases of work, and have demonstrated the ability to shepherd both simple and complex projects to completion, on time and within budget. Gray & Pape Providence Corporate Office Our staff of more than 50 professionals Photograph by Patrick O’Bannon include archaeologists, Geographical Information System (GIS) specialists, architectural historians, and preservation planning experts. Each meet or exceeds the Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards and are listed as qualified professionals on multiple State Historic Preservation Offices’ (SHPO) consultant lists or are approved to receive permits to conduct archaeological fieldwork. The firm qualifies as a Small Business Enterprise and is a charter member of the American Cultural Resources Association.

The firm provides heritage and historic preservation services to Local, State and Federal agencies in support of their mission responsibilities under Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Services previously conducted and ongoing in New England include archaeological literature reviews and due diligence surveys, reconnaissance surveys, site intensive (locational) surveys, site examination surveys, archaeological data recovery (mitigation) projects, cultural resource management plans, cemetery relocations, Global Positioning System (GPS) and GIS surveys, National Register nominations, and HABS/HAER documentation. The company counts numerous State and Federal agencies throughout the United States as clients, in addition to local and private entities requiring cultural heritage guidance. The Gray & Pape Providence office is particularly focused on projects in the Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, which have comprised most of our work in the region over the past five years. The Gray & Pape Providence office has also completed projects working with State Historic Preservation Offices in Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont over this same period.

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INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY/SITE EXAMINATION FOR RIVER STREET DAM REMOVAL PROJECT Town of Acton

Gray & Pape staff have been actively engaged in consultation with New England tribal representatives for over 20 years.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT The Gray & Pape Providence office is staffed by highly qualified individuals recognized for their ability to identify, design, and implement projects that are results-oriented while maintaining the scope, schedule, and budget. Our staff have extensive experience and expertise managing challenging and complex projects in the Northeast and particularly in southern New England. The office is comprised of a small group of project managers, each of whom directly supervises multiple research and field projects at any given time, managing small to large field teams, laboratory work, analysis, and report writing. These managers are overseen by the Northeast Regional Manager, Patrick O’Bannon. Dr. O’Bannon serves as the Principal-in Charge for the regional office and has contracting and signature authority. The small size of the management team allows for close working relationships, tight research and report quality, and a focus on superior fieldwork and deliverables. The Providence office is supported by the corporate headquarters in Cincinnati, including accounting and human resource administration. Gray & Pape regularly staff teams of between four and thirty field technicians.

CORPORATE EXPERIENCE Gray & Pape has extensive experience investigating mill dams and their associated industries. Below are project examples that highlights the company’s most recent experience.

Archaeological Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) Survey, Weweantic River Restoration Project, Horseshoe Pond Dam, Wareham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts • Location- Horseshoe Pond, Wareham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts • Years completed: 2018-2020 • Client contact: Sara N. da Silva Quintal, Restoration Ecologist, Coalition, (508) 999- 6363 x225, [email protected] • The project consisted of the removal of Horseshoe Pond Dam’s concrete spillway, partial removal of a legacy dam feature within the impoundment, repair to an existing bridge, the installation of two kayak launches, the stabilization of eroded riverbanks, trail improvements and the installation of interpretive signage. The archaeological survey included shovel testing within previously recorded Pre-Contact sites and the Standard Horse Shore Manufacturing Company site (WRH.HA.5), as well as a pedestrian survey of the re-exposed Weweantic River floodplain that was submerged under the Horseshoe Mill Dam impoundment, as well as monitoring of the removal of a portion of the legacy dam feature. • List of firm’s services provided – Archaeological Investigation • Budget & schedule performance-The project budget was $24,882. All work was completed in April 2018 and August 2020, following the project schedule. • All work was completed following MHC archaeological survey standards. • Review by MHC is pending.

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Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the Blackstone Hydro, Inc., Tupperware Hydroelectric Relicensing Project, Millville and Blackstone, Worcester County, Massachusetts and North Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island • Location- Millville and Blackstone, Worcester County, Massachusetts and North Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode Island • Year completed: 2016-2017 • Client contact: Robert Quiggle, Senior Regulatory Specialist, HDR, (315) 451-2325, [email protected] • Project Description: The project was associated with obtaining a new Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) license for the Tupperware Hydroelectric Project on the . The project consisted of in-depth background research into textile manufacturing and industry along the Blackstone River and a pedestrian survey of 111.2 acres along the project’s impoundment. The survey identified 19 archaeological sites, four National Register historic districts, and 17 contributing resources of the historic districts withing the area of potential effects. Identified archaeological resources included the foundation remains of several textile mills and other historic industrial complexes, as well as remains of the circa 1828 Blackstone Canal. • List of firm’s services provided – Archaeological Investigation • Budget & schedule performance-The project budget was $36,082. All work was completed in October and November of 2016 and November 2017, following the project schedule. • Completed MHC and FERC approval process.

Livermore Falls State Forest Phase IB Intensive Archaeological Investigation of the Proposed Parking Lot and Pit Toilet Locations, Grafton County, New Hampshire. • Location-Livermore Falls State Forest, Grafton County, New Hampshire • Year completed: 2015-2016 • Client contact: Johanna Lyons, State Park Planning and Development Specialist, DRED- Division of Parks and Recreation, (603) 271-3556, [email protected] • Project Description: The project consisted of an intensive archaeological survey of a proposed parking area and pit toilet locations. The Project Area was located within the previously identified Site 27-GR-236, which included a large eighteenth-and nineteenth-century industrial complex associated with Livermore Falls. The survey identified artifact scatters associated with 27-GR-236 which were recommended for avoidance or further archaeological survey. A light scattering of historical period artifacts was also identified in the parking lot area, which had no potential to provide significant information about the historical period of the region and no further survey was recommended for the parking lot survey area. • List of firm’s services provided – Archaeological Investigation • Budget & schedule performance-The project budget was $13,488. All work was completed in August and September of 2015, and January 2016, following the project schedule. • Completed New Hampshire Division of Historic Resources approval process.

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KEY PERSONNEL Gray & Pape’s cultural resources management professionals are a strong and talented group of people with relevant experience on multiple complex large and small-scale projects. Gray & Pape stays updated on the latest studies, technology, trends, and issues within the cultural resources and historic preservation communities. The Principal Investigator and research team meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archeology (36 CFR Part 61).

Northeast Regional Manager, Dr. Patrick O’Bannon Dr. O’Bannon is a recognized expert in historic preservation and cultural resources management with more than 30 years of experience. He has served as President of both the American Cultural Resources Association and the National Council on Public History. Dr. O’Bannon worked for the National Park Service and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, before entering private consulting. He has conducted research in archives throughout the nation and has authored several peer-reviewed publications, in addition to dozens of technical reports. He has managed National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) compliance projects in New England, the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest for public and private sector clients, and has prepared the full range of NEPA and NHPA compliance documents, as well as historic preservation planning studies, Cultural Resources Management Plans, cultural landscape studies, HABS/HAER studies, National Register and National Historic Landmark nominations, and public information materials.

Dr. O’Bannon served as Senior Manager of Gray & Pape’s History/Architecture Group from 2005 and 2016 and has been Northeast Regional Manager for the past six years. He is responsible for the management and marketing of the regional office and oversees contracting, high level project management and coordination, and overall project quality for all work within the region.

Senior Principal Investigator/Project Manager, Ms. Kimberly Smith Ms. Smith is a member of the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) and has served on the RPA board. She has worked as an archaeologist for 20 years across much of the eastern United States, along the Atlantic states from Florida to Maine, and into the Midwest. Ms. Smith has managed contracts for the DOT and USACE and manages all terrestrial archaeology work out of the Providence, Rhode Island office since 2014. Ms. Smith has conducted and managed all phases of archaeological projects in the Northeast, from background research to mitigation surveys, under both State and Federal legislation, and has authored over 200 compliance reports. She has also been integral in completing programmatic agreements, memorandum of understanding, cultural resource management plans, historic property avoidance plans, as well as tribal consultations as part of the Section 106 process. In addition to archaeology, Ms. Smith’s area of expertise is in historical archaeology and brings GIS and GPS skills that are the result of 15+ years’ experience in the industry as well as graduate level classwork. Ms. Smith will contribute to the planning of the fieldwork, the report, GIS products, and will review finalize the full report, its interpretations and recommendations to ensure the highest quality is provided.

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Project Archaeologist/Geoarchaeologist/Site Safety Officer, Mr. Nathan Scholl Mr. Scholl is a member of the Register of Professional Archaeologists. Mr. Scholl will serve as Field Director and co-PI. Mr. Scholl has more than 20 years of experience conducting archaeological research and supervision across the greater Northeast, including much of New England. Mr. Scholl has extensive experience directing all phases of archaeological survey and specializes in Native American archaeology in the Northeast. Mr. Scholl is a geoarchaeologist, with extensive training in soils, soil morphology, and geomorphology. Mr. Scholl is responsible for the execution of the field testing, as well as writing of the field section of the report, analysis of field results, and oversight of the artifact analysis. Mr. Scholl is responsible for the project implementation and final report contents. Mr. Scholl has been responsible at a supervisory level for the successful completion of over 60 compliance projects including the production of reports. Mr. Scholl will be present in the field, will contribute to the report writing, and will review and finalize the full report, its interpretations and recommendations.

Archaeologist, Mr. Charles Rose Mr. Rose has worked in the field for more than 10 years, as a field technician, bioarchaeology specialist, forensic technician, and field supervisor. Mr. Rose was trained at the University of Pennsylvania in anatomy and human biology and has worked across the eastern US and Alaska. He has more than 100 cultural resource projects in his resume, several in southern New England. Mr. Rose is an Archaeologist in Gray & Pape’s Northeast office.

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SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE OF KEY PERSONNEL

PATRICK W. O’BANNON, PHD Northeast Regional Manager

EDUCATION 1983, PhD, American History, University of California, San Diego 1979, MA, American History, University of California, San Diego 1976, BA, History, cum laude with departmental honors, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE Dr. Patrick W. O’Bannon is a recognized expert in historic preservation and cultural resources management with more than 30 years of experience. He has served as President of the American Cultural Resources Association and the National Council on Public History. His skills as a historian and project manager have brought more than 750 cultural resources management projects throughout the United States to successful completion. Dr. O’Bannon has worked with numerous federal and state agencies and is expert in all facets of the Section 106 consultation process, with a particular strength in resources of technological, industrial, or engineering significance. He has managed large indefinite quantity contracts for the Ohio, New Jersey, and Delaware Departments of Transportation, the Baltimore District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. He is experienced in supervising work for multiple simultaneous task orders.

Over his career, Dr. O’Bannon has worked for the National Park Service, a state historic preservation office, and private consulting firms. He has conducted research in archives throughout the nation and has authored several peer-reviewed publications, in addition to dozens of technical reports. He has managed NEPA and NHPA compliance projects in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest for public and private sector clients, and has prepared the full range of NEPA and NHPA compliance documents, as well as historic preservation planning studies, Cultural Resources Management Plans, cultural landscape studies, HABS/HAER studies, National Register nominations, and public information materials.

Dr. O’Bannon is currently the Northeast Regional Manager of Gray & Pape’s Providence, Rhode Island office. He served as Senior Manager of Gray & Pape’s History/Architecture Group from 2005 to 2015. During this period, he was the project manager for all history and architecture projects awarded to the firm.

SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE • Cultural Resources Survey, Pejepscot Hydroelectric Project, ME Principal-in-Charge for Phase I surveys conducted as part of the FERC relicensing process for this hydroelectric facility on the Androscoggin River. • Cultural Resources Survey, Shawmut Hydroelectric Project, ME Principal-in-Charge for historical archaeology Phase I surveys conducted as part of the FERC relicensing process for this hydroelectric facility on the Kennebec River.

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• Cultural Resources Survey, Bear Swamp Hydroelectric Project, MA Principal-in-Charge for archaeology and history/architecture Phase I surveys conducted as part of the FERC relicensing process for this pump storage facility on the . • Northern Pass Transmission Line Historic Properties Survey, multiple counties, NH Project manager and principal investigator for survey of historic resources associated with a proposed electrical transmission line. The survey documented dozens of resources to New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources standards on an extremely compressed schedule. Resources included farms, tourist camps and cabins, industrial buildings, and downtown districts. • History/Architecture Investigations: Dulles International Airport MetroRail Project, Fairfax County, VA Project Manager for Assessment of Effects study for proposed MetroRail connection to the National Register-eligible Dulles International Airport. Work included assessment of project effects for a proposed aerial design option, including coordination and consultation with project sponsors and consulting parties. • Cultural Landscape Report: Livermore Falls State Forest, Holderness, NH Project Manager for cultural landscape report and Phase IA and IB archaeology surveys conducted to establish management priorities for the state forest. Work included identification and documentation of foundations and cellar holes associated with a former industrial village. • Chelmsford Town-Wide Historic Properties Survey, Chelmsford. MA Project manager for a city-wide survey of architectural resource. The survey documented approximately 120 resources to Massachusetts Historic Commission standards and provided local government with information essential to the management of development within the city. • North Adams City-Wide Historic Properties Survey, North Adams, MA Project manager for a city-wide survey of architectural resource. The survey documented approximately 100 resources to Massachusetts Historic Commission standards and provided local government with information essential to the management of development within the city. • Ohio Modern: Preserving Our Recent Past, Statewide, OH Project manager for development of a historic context addressing the development of modern architecture in Ohio between 1940 and 1970. Work, conducted for the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office, entailed extensive documentary research, oral interviews, analysis of data, and preparation of a context document that will provide guidance and direction for future survey efforts throughout the state. • National Grid Cultural Resources Services, New England Project manager for a Master Services Agreement to provide cultural resources services to National Grid, a major electrical utility servicing most of New England. Over eighty separate task orders completed since 2013, with a total value of nearly $1.2 million. This work, largely completed in support of the rehabilitation of existing electrical transmission lines, has entailed literature reviews, Phase IA and IB archaeological surveys, and Phase II archaeological evaluations. The work also involves tribal and SHPO consultation and the evaluation of visual effects upon historic properties. • In-River Construction History Senior manager and author of award-winning, book-length history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in-river construction efforts completed for the Pittsburgh District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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KIMBERLY M SMITH, M.A, RPA Senior Principal Investigator/Project Manager

EDUCATION 2009, MA, Anthropology, Historic/Maritime Archaeology, East Carolina University 2003, BS, Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology, Mercyhurst College (now Mercyhurst University)

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE Kimberly Smith has 19 years of experience in archaeology and cultural resource management, including 13 years in supervisory positions. This experience includes successful completion and documentation of all phases of archaeological projects in the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Ms. Smith has extensive experience with Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. She has completed projects under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the United States’ Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in relation to the 401 and 404 permitting process, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM).

As a supervisor, Ms. Smith has vast experience in formulating project plans pertaining to regulations and policies, executing technically difficult project operation and investigations, working with senior environmental protection specialists in developing project approaches and a framework for addressing environmental concerns, completing environmental impact assessments and statements in conjunction with environmental specialists, and evaluating cultural resources and heritage resources according to the NHPA core criteria and as such evaluating the environmental impact to historic properties. Ms. Smith also has obtained extensive experience in tribal consultation and stakeholder engagement.

Ms. Smith’s specialties include historical archaeology, with a concentration in maritime cultural materials and contact period cultural materials; bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology and is a member of the Forensic Archaeology Recovery Team with the Society for American Archaeology; Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS), prehistoric archaeology with a concentration in lithic and flotation analysis; and artifact conservation. She has extensive laboratory experience, including analysis of human remains, historic period artifacts, lithics, and artifacts conservation. She has been involved in high-profile projects that required public outreach and legislative assistance, giving her experience in interacting with the public. She has also assisted in teaching archaeological field schools in the academic setting and interns in the cultural resource’s management setting.

Overall, Ms. Smith has worked on over 200 cultural resources projects from beginning to end. She has been the lead author of many and responsible for the management of all tasks related to project management including management of scope, schedule, and budget. Below is a very select project experience list outlining her capabilities and experience.

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SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE • National Grid on-call contract services (2014-present): Ms Smith has completed over 100 due diligence reports for National Grid under the Gray & Pape on-call contract throughout Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. These reports typically included a literature review pertaining to the archaeological sensitivity of an Area of Potential Effects based upon nearby reported archaeological and historical resources. Ms. Smith completed all mapping and modeling using ESRI ArcMap software. • Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey for the Salem Charter Street Cemetery (SAL.806) Restoration, Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts. Senior Manager/Principal Investigator for the archaeological testing was conducted to ascertain the presence or absence of cultural features or unidentified grave shafts in support of the proposed restoration of the Salem Charter Street Cemetery. The cemetery itself measures 0.6 hectares in size and can be accessed via the Charter Street Entrance. The proposed restoration activities include updated pathways, lighting, and flora throughout the cemetery, as well as the updating of the demarcating fences. The archaeological investigations resulted in the excavation of 32.5 square meters and 59-inch soil probes. A density of historical artifacts and debris was identified scattered throughout the cemetery, predominantly dating to the nineteenth century. These artifacts predominantly include dipped and edged earthenwares. This may be a unique archaeological signature of Victorian-era picnicking or leisure activities. Additionally, a concentration of seventeenth to eighteenth century materials were identified in the northeast corner near to the Goult- Pickman house and is likely related to residential activities therein. Possible grave shafts and cultural features were identified in all but eight of the excavated test locations. Lead report author as well as historic properties avoidance plan and construction management plan. Responsible for historical artifact analysis, documentary research, and mapping. • Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey for the National Grid J10 Reconductoring, Florida to Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts: Senior Manager/ Principal Investigator for an An archaeological intensive (locational) survey was conducted in the proposed locations of ground disturbance for the reconductoring of the J10 Line from the Deerfield No. 5 substation in Florida, Massachusetts, to the Adams No. 21 substation in Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. These include Structures 15, 19-B, and 20 in Florida; Structure 64 in North Adams; and Structures 71 and 78 in Adams. The access roads include those located between Structures 56 and 57 in Florida, and that leading to Structure 78 in Adams. Six of the seven proposed structure replacement locations, as well as two proposed access roads, were investigated. In total, 70 shovel test pits were excavated, in which a single piece of quartz debitage was recovered from Structure 78, archaeological site Structure 78. The soils exhibited mild erosion throughout the investigated structures but remained relatively intact. Given the paucity of cultural materials recovered, and the inability to answer additional research questions on the Native American or historical occupation of the region, no additional archaeological investigations are recommended for these six structure locations, two access roads, or archaeological site at Structure 78. Two additional archaeological sites were located nearby, but outside of, the current Project area and include the Fife Brook Dam/Mill Foundations and the AR 78 Cellar Hole site. Both site locations will be avoided as they are not located within the Project APE or access area, and both sites have the potential to yield additional information about the settlement of the region and may be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.

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• Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey of the Eversource Energy Line1293 Reliability Project, Pochassic to Buck Pond, Westfield, Massachusetts: Principal Investigator for an archaeological assessment and subsequent archaeological intensive (locational) survey was conducted along the Line 1293, Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. The Project Area of Potential Effects was determined to include the United States Army Corps of Engineers permit areas that were determined to have a moderate or high potential to identify Native American or historical archaeological resources. The northern Area of Potential Effects consists of 1.55 hectares. The southern Area of Potential effects consists of 0.27 hectares. Eight previously conducted cultural resources surveys and eight known archaeological sites lie within 1.0 kilometers of the Line 1293 reliability project. Subsurface testing was conducted within these areas, in subareas labeled Structure 13092A-D, expanded work area 13062- 13061, Structure 13060, expanded work area 13059-13060, and Structure 13059B. In total, 62 shovel test pits were excavated within the Project Area of Potential Effects. A single fragment of blue, transfer printed ironstone was recovered from the ground surface at Structure 13060. No other cultural material was recovered during this archaeological intensive (locational) survey. Therefore, no additional archaeological investigations were recommended for the Area of Potential Effects. • Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey for the New England Power Company O42-4 Tap Line Conductor Clearance Refurbishment Project, Pepperell, Middlesex County, Massachusetts: Principal Investigator responsible for conducting an archaeological intensive (locational) survey was conducted in the proposed locations of ground disturbance for the conductor clearance refurbishment of the O42- 4 tap line in Pepperell, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. These include Structures 61, 62, 64, and 65 in Pepperell. The right-of-way that includes the O42-4 tap line is near four previous archaeological surveys. Five Native American archaeological sites (19-MD-478, 19-MD-635, 19-MD-636, 19-MD- 637, and 19-MD-638) are recorded close to the O42-4 tap line. Two architectural resources were identified in proximity to the project but will not be affected by the minor changes proposed to the existing line. In total, 22 shovel test pits were excavated, none of which yielded cultural materials. Based on the lack of cultural materials recovered, no additional archaeological investigations are recommended at these four structures • Archaeological Site Examinations of Three Native American Sites and Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey of Structures 63, 135, and 136 for the W175 Re-conductoring Project in Brimfield and Sturbridge, Hampden and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts: Principal Investigator and primary report author. An archaeological intensive (locational) survey was conducted for Structures 63 and 135-136, as well as site examination investigations of three archaeological sites that occur within the boundary for the proposed W175 re-conductoring project in Hampden and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts. These archaeological sites are: the Foskett Mill Stream Overlook site within Brimfield in Hampden County, and the Upper Walker Pond and McKinstry Brook Overlook sites, both within Sturbridge in Worcester County. • Archaeological Reconnaissance and Intensive Investigations for the Proposed T20 Reconductoring Project and Site Examination of the Partridge Hill Road Site (19-WR-75), Spencer, Charlton, Dudley, & Webster, Worcester counties, Massachusetts: Principal investigator and report author. This project consisted of a Reconnaissance and Intensive Investigation survey of a

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27.0 kilometer (16.8 mile) long electrical transmission corridor in central Massachusetts. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites and excavating shovel test pits, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. Further Phase II investigations were made of site 19WR75, which was re-identified during the phase I survey. Phase II investigations found Archaic and Woodland deposits, including activities areas within the site. • Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey for the Proposed New England Power Company, A127 Tap #1 (Left Circuit), Re-conductoring Project, Auburn, Leicester, and Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts: The project encompasses the replacement of 13 electrical structures along a 3.5 kilometer right-of-way. A reconnaissance survey for the A127/B128 line right circuit in 2009 (25-2956) recommended subsurface testing on five of the 13 electrical structures to be replaced. During the intensive survey, two structure replacement locations (corresponding to Structures 16 and 17) were considered too steep to test. The remaining three structure replacement locations in Leicester and Worcester were tested, and a total of 16 shovel tests were excavated. Two historical artifact scatters, both representing refuse deposits lacking context were identified. These were identified at Structures 19 and 20. At both locations, the material was recovered from disturbed deposits. The scatters were not considered significant, and no further survey was recommended. Project Archaeologist and primary report author.

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NATHAN C. SCHOLL, M.A., RPA Principle Investigator/Geoarchaeologist

EDUCATION 2008, MA, Geography, Geoarchaeology Concentration, Indiana State University 2001, BS, Anthropology, Archaeology Concentration, Mercyhurst College

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE Nathan Scholl joined Gray & Pape in 2014 and brings more than 19 years of experience in archaeology and cultural resource management. Mr. Scholl began his archaeological training as a junior in high school by volunteering his time to a local Maine university’s archaeology lab and continued to receive in a B.S. in Anthropology, with a concentration in Archaeology and a minor in Geology, and then a M.A. in Geoarchaeology/Geography. His experience includes 14 years in supervisory positions and more than 11 years as a practicing geoarchaeologist. His geographic expertise focuses on the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, and Midwest United States and he has worked on both prehistoric and historic archaeological projects across the United States. His offshore cultural experience involves geoarchaeological examination of geotechnical samples from marine environments off southern New England. Mr. Scholl has extensive experience with Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). He has completed projects under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the United States’ Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in relation to the 401 and 404 permitting process, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM).Mr. Scholl has extensive archaeological experience on a variety of projects related to the transportation, utility, and military industries from the local to the national level. His work includes all phases (I, II, and III) of archaeological terrestrial field research as well as COP and SAP evaluations for offshore projects. He has worked on both Pre-Contact Native American and Post-Contact historic archaeological projects across the eastern half of the United States.

Mr. Scholl has performed numerous geoarchaeological investigations through use of trenching, hand augering, soil probes, and larger drilling rigs to expose and interpret sedimentary and soil profiles. He performed profile descriptions both while in the field and while in a lab setting based on samples collected from the field. In addition, he is trained in applying techniques of soil and geomorphological analysis, as well as limited geophysical techniques (magnetic susceptibility), to archaeological sites for predictive and interpretive purposes.

He has extensive experience with laboratory analysis and conservation of artifacts, including prehistoric lithic artifacts and floatation analysis. He has performed literature, records, and deed research to augment field research. He has also presented papers at regional and national professional organization’s annual meetings. Mr. Scholl is a member of Geological Society of America, Society for American Archaeology, Eastern States Archaeological Federation, and the Maine Archaeological Society, and the Maine Geological Society.

RECENT SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE • Livermore Falls State Forest Phase IB Intensive Archaeological Investigation of the Proposed Parking Lot and Pit Toilet Locations with the State Forest, Grafton County, NH. Geoarchaeologist, and lead author on this project; which consisted of a Phase 1b investigation of a

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new parking lot area for the beach access area of the state forest, as well as a new pit toilet for the beach area. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites, excavating shovel test pits and test units, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendation. • Phase I Archaeological Reconnaissance and Survey of the Lower Barker Hydroelectric Integrated Licensing Process Project (FERC No. 2808), Auburn, Androscoggin County, ME: Project Archaeologist, Field director, Geoarchaeologist, and lead author on this project; which consisted of a Phase 1A reconnaissance, followed by an archaeological survey of a 2.0 kilometer (1.25 miles) long stretch of the both banks of the Little Androscoggin River. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites, excavating shovel test pits and test units, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. • Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey and Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey for the Pittsfield-Greenfield Area Solution Project, 1242/1361 Line Reconductoring, and the Site Examination of the Kells Pasture Native American Site, Greenfield, Franklin County, Massachusetts: This project consisted of a Phase1B survey followed by a Phase II investigation of a deeply buried Native American site. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting the site excavation, analyzing soil cores retrieved from the site, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. • Archaeological Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) Survey, National Grid, 321W6, 321W10 and 7U Feeders Pole Replacement Project, Mendon and Uxbridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts: This project consisted of a Phase 1A and 1B investigation of proposed pole replacement project in Uxbridge and Mendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts. Responsibilities as Principle investigator, Field director, Geoarchaeologist, and lead author included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites, excavating shovel test pits and test units, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendation. Three Native American sites were identified in Mendon, all of which consisted primarily of quartz lithic waste from the manufacture or maintenance of stone tools. All three sites are recommended for avoidance. Additional deep testing to explore the potential of deeply buried archaeological sites was deemed necessary for survey units along the Blackstone River. • Archaeological Site Examination Investigation of Nine Sites, for the Interconnection portion of the Proposed Clear River Energy Center, Burrillville, Providence County, Rhode Island: Principle investigator, Field director, Geoarchaeologist, and lead author. This project consisted of Site Examination surveys of nine archaeological sites identified during Phase I testing for the proposed Burrillville Interconnection Project, Burrillville, Providence County, Rhode Island. The investigation consisted of 463 shovel test pits and 26 excavation units. Over 6,800 Native American artifacts were collected and analyzed by the author in conjunction with diagnostic artifacts and features at sites located within the Clear River and Dry Arm Brook drainages. Small-Stemmed projectile points were collected from three of the Native American sites. Radiocarbon dates range from the end of the Late Archaic to the end of the Middle Woodland periods were produced from three of the Native American sites. Two historical-period sites were also investigated, including one that is an eighteenth-century dwelling, with origins possibly in the seventeenth century. Data was gathered to address the question as to whether

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each of these nine sites is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Archaeological site avoidance and protection plans were developed for four of these sites which were recommended as eligible, to ensure that impacts to these sites are avoided or are limited specifically as agreed upon throughout the full construction process. • Archaeological intensive (locational) survey for the National Grid Tolman Road Access to I135/J136, Winchendon, in Worcester County, MA: Principle investigator, Geoarchaeologist, Field director, and lead author. This project consisted of a Phase1B survey of a 2.0 kilometer (1.25 miles) long electrical transmission corridor access road in north central Massachusetts. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites and excavating shovel test pits, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. • Archaeological Reconnaissance and Intensive Investigations for the Proposed T20 Reconductoring Project and Site Examination of the Partridge Hill Road Site (19-WR-75), Spencer, Charlton, Dudley, & Webster, Worcester counties, Massachusetts: Principle investigator, Geoarchaeologist, Field director, and lead author. This project consisted of a Reconnaissance and Intensive Investigation survey of a 27.0 kilometer (16.8 mile) long electrical transmission corridor in central Massachusetts. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites and excavating shovel test pits, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. Further Phase II investigations were made of site 19WR75, which was re-identified during the phase I survey. Phase II investigations found Archaic and Woodland deposits, including activities areas within the site. • National Grid W175 Line Archaeological Identification Survey, Hampden and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts: Principle investigator, Geoarchaeologist, Field director, and lead author. This project consisted of Archaeological Identification survey of a 25.6 kilometer (15.9 mile) long electrical transmission corridor in central Massachusetts. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, documenting sites and excavating shovel test pits, surface surveying, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations. • Phase Ib and Phase II Archaeological Investigations of the Maple Ave Realignment, Stratton Air National Guard Base, Schenectady County, New York: Principle investigator, Field director, geoarchaeologist, and lead author on this project; which consisted of surveying and test excavation of the realignment of Maple Ave, including a Phase II investigation of the Steven Farm Site (09302.000190). Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, geomorphological assessment of the Project Area, documenting sites, and excavating shovel test pits and 1x1 units. A final report was compiled including the findings and the author’s recommendations. • Phase I/II Archaeological Survey of the Ultra Wellsboro Loop Connector Pipeline Project, Ultra Petroleum Company, Tioga County, Pennsylvania: Principle investigator, Field director, geoarchaeologist, and lead author on this project; which consisted of surveying a 8-mile long pipeline corridor. Responsibilities included researching natural and cultural context for the area, geoarchaeological assessment of the Project Area, documenting sites and excavating shovel test pits, and compiling a final report including the findings and the author’s recommendations.

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CHARLIE ROSE Archaeologist

EDUCATION 2007, BA, Anthropology, Human Biology, University of Pennsylvania

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE Charlie Rose joined Gray & Pape in 2017 as a permanent Field Director after five years as a field team member. Mr. Rose has ten years of experience in archaeology and cultural resource management, including three years in supervisory positions. This experience includes successful completion and documentation of all phases of archaeological projects in the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the continental United States and survey in Alaska. His specialties include historical archaeology, with a concentration in Contact Period cultural materials; bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology with a concentration in human osteology, prehistoric archaeology with a concentration in lithic analysis and the use of GPS equipment.

Overall, Mr. Rose has worked on over 100 cultural resource management projects. He has been the lead Field Director on several Phase I and Phase II projects and has two years of experience working in the Gray & Pape office, both in the lab technician and report author. Below is a select project experience list outlining Mr. Rose’s capabilities and experience.

RECENT SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE • Site Examination, The Town of Salem, Salem, Massachusetts. Field Director for site examination in Charter Street cemetery. Dug at proposed areas of impact to determine maximum allowable depth of disturbance for several renovation plans around the cemetery. • Phase IB Intensive survey, Brookfield, Berkshire and Franklin Counties, Massachusetts: Crew chief for linear intensive survey in Berkshire and Franklin Counties, MA along hydroelectric dam impoundment on the Deerfield River. • Phase III Data Recovery, Anthony Farmstead, Somerset, Massachusetts. Field Director for the south locus, Native American site, within larger data recovery efforts focused on Farmstead. Supervised the excavation of a large block (total of six two-by-one-meter excavation units) in the south yard of the Anthony Farmstead. Excavated Native and Historic features. • Site Examination, Kell’s Pasture, Greenfield, Massachusetts. Crew member for large Site Examination of small archaic sites along the . Deep testing with hand augurs. • Phase IB Intensive Survey, NGRID, Westfield, Massachusetts. Field Director for linear intensive survey in Westfield, MA along an existing powerline corridor. • Phase IB Intensive survey, NGRID, Uxbridge, Massachusetts: Crewmember for linear intensive survey in Uxbridge, MA along an existing powerline corridor.

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• Phase IB Intensive Survey, Buzzards Bay Coalition, Wareham, Massachusetts. Crew chief for both linear and grid intensive survey and walkover in Wareham, MA for a historic dam removal project. • Phase IB Intensive survey, AD Makepeace, Achushnet, Massachusetts: Crewmember for grid intensive survey in Acushnet, MA for proposed solar panels. • Magnetometry and Geophysical Survey, Public Archaeology Lab Inc, Thompson Island, Massachusetts. Crew Chief for hand magnetometry survey along tidal sand bar, collected cores from area from boat at high tide for analysis in lab. • Reconnaissance Survey, Algonquin Incremental Market Pipeline, New York and Connecticut: Large, linear archaeological survey of eastern New York and Connecticut. Located several sites for Intensive Survey by shovel test survey and walkover. • Intensive survey on several Native American sites along Susquehanna Brook. Delineated sites with five- Intensivemeter Survey, shovel Susquehanna test grid Brook and Sites, one Algonquin - meter Incremental– by – one Market – meter Pipeline, excavation Connecticut: units. • Site Examination, Fresh Air Site, Algonquin Incremental Market Pipeline, New York: Site Examination survey of “Fresh Air” house along . Excavated several one-meter-by-one-meter excavation units and historic outbuildings. • Reconnaissance Survey, Access Northeast Pipeline, New York and Connecticut: Large, linear archaeological survey of eastern New York and across Connecticut. Located several sites for Intensive Survey by shovel test survey and walkover. • Data Recovery Program, Rising Sun Tavern, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Excavated an 18th century Tavern in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Excavated a well feature which had been turned into a privy, water screened for artifacts. Excavated a shoemaker’s shop, warehouse, and rental properties in the Reconnaissanceadjoining Survey, area. Tennessee Gas Pipeline, Connecticut: • Large, linear archaeological survey of central Connecticut. Located several sites for Intensive Survey by shovel test pit survey and walkover.

Phase• ICReconnaissance Intensive survey, CREC, Survey, NGRID, BSC Burrillville, Eversource Rhode Island 3557: Line, South Windsor and Manchester, Connecticut: Field Director for Reconnaissance survey along transmission line. Tested structures which were to be moved/replaced and the impacted areas. • Field Director of Phase IC locational survey of pull pad locations along the NGRID 341, 347 and 3052 transmission lines in Burrillville Rhode Island. • Site Examination, CREC, NGRID, Burrillville, Rhode Island: Field Director for site exams of nine Native American, Historical Period and Multi-component sites.

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SECTION II: PREVIOUS RESEARCH OF THE 53 RIVER STREET PARCEL The 53 River Street Parcel was previously the focus of a Cultural Resources Assessment, which included a field reconnaissance survey (PAL 2020). Prior to this most recent survey, a town-wide archaeological reconnaissance survey of Acton identified the Upper Dam/South Acton Woolen Company (ACT.HA.8) historical archaeological site within the 53 River Street Parcel (PAL 2009). This site contains the remains of a number of buildings and structures associated industrial activities that occurred at the site between 1845, when the site was first developed for industrial purposes, and 1951 when the historic shoddy mill complex was destroyed by fire. The site has also been recorded by the Acton Historical Commission as the 53 River Street/Shoddy Mill Site historic area (ACT.R). This designation includes the remains of eight buildings associated with nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century mill activities and four resources related to post-1951 industrial activities. The 2020 reconnaissance survey of the 53 River Street Parcel determined areas of low, moderate, and high archaeological sensitivity for historical period archaeological resources across the Project Survey Area. No Pre-Contact archaeological sensitivity was assigned to the parcel because of the steepness of the brook valley and the extensive industrial period developments.

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SECTION III: PROJECT APPROACH The objective of this project is to assist the Town of Acton in determining potential to cause adverse effects on historic properties that may be caused by the Project undertaking (pursuant to 36 CFR 800.5). To accomplish this, Gray & Pape will perform a Cultural Resource Investigation, which includes: • Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey of the Project Area for archaeological resources • Site Examination for any sites identified in the Area of Potential Effect (APE)

Gray & Pape proposes to complete the project in five main tasks: 1.) research design/background research to include in the submittal of an MHC State Archaeologist’s permit; 2.) Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Project Area; 3.) Site Examination within the Project Area; 4.) analysis and reporting; and 5.) cataloging and curation of artifacts, site forms, and documents. Within each of these phases, there are sub-phases and deliverables, each outlined below. All work will be done in- house by Gray & Pape employees. Gray & Pape Field Crew engaged in mitigative investigations. Photo by Nathan Scholl Pre-Fieldwork Preparation Prior to beginning fieldwork, preparations must be made to ensure the successful completion of the archaeological fieldwork as described in the scope above. First, a health and safety plan will be prepared. Safety is a core value at Gray & Pape, and the company makes every effort to ensure worker safety, both for our own employees as well as for other workers. We maintain a high standard of safety throughout all operations and ensure all employees participate in accident prevention and safety training programs throughout the year. The primary goal of Gray & Pape’s health & safety program is to reduce or eliminate workplace injuries and illnesses to an absolute minimum, and to surpass the best safety performance of similar companies: our goal is zero injuries and illnesses. Gray & Pape has developed a strong injury and illness prevention program to achieve that goal. The Corporate Safety Director is one of the firm’s Senior Managers and is dedicated to managing the firm’s safety program. All safety incidents are reported directly to the President of the company and reviewed with the management team. Safety procedures begin with providing the right tools and equipment for our project teams and end with a thorough review of each safety incident.

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Specific Considerations and Constraints in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the proclamation by Charlie Baker, Governor of the State of Massachusetts, of a state of civil emergency pursuant to the powers provided by Chapter 639 of the Acts of 1950 and Section 2A of Chapter 17 of the General Laws, and the introduction of related restrictions and requirements to comply with the state of civil emergency, have generated a number of specific implications for conducting environmental fieldwork that require consideration and management. As of the date of this proposal, these include, but are not limited to the following:

• A state of civil emergency has been declared by the State of Massachusetts, with significant requirements and restrictions imposed as a result. • While interstate travel (i.e., travel between New England states and Massachusetts) is possible, a 14-day self-isolation period is required upon crossing a state border for all individuals not engaged in essential business coming from states outside of New England. Gray & Pape has been identified as vendor of essential services and, therefore, while specific precautions will still need to take place (see below), a 14-day self-isolation period will not be required. • Social/physical distancing requirements are in place, requiring a minimum 2-m (6-foot) separation between individuals while in the field. This necessitates individuals travel individually in separate vehicles to and from the Project Area. • The State of Massachusetts requires individuals to don a cloth face covering, per CDC recommendations, when in locations where social distancing is difficult. Gray & Pape employees will have a cloth face covering available for each day of work, should they be required.

Specific Health and Safety Procedures to be Implemented in Response to COVID-19 Requirements Due to the current pandemic conditions, Gray & Pape has developed its own internal response policy, aimed at keeping its field employees safe. This policy is summarized below.

• Prior to the field investigations: o Gray & Pape’s safety policies and training will be carefully reviewed by the field crew, and the field crew and Gray & Pape’s Project Manager will carefully review the information and discuss the planned approach to the survey; o The field crew and Project Manager will check and review both internal and external information sources and resources (including Commonwealth of Massachusetts advisories at https://www.mass.gov/oig-covid-19-information-and-resources) to ensure that work can be carried out safely with regards to COVID-19 and other applicable hazards; o The field crew and Project Manager will communicate and coordinate plans for conducting the field survey with the designated on- or off-site Town representative. The Town is to advise of, and arrange for, any site-specific health and safety orientation required prior to entering Town property, prior to the survey. It is hoped that any such orientation can be provided by virtual means, or alternatively that appropriate safety precautions are taken if the orientation is to occur on-site; o All field crew will ensure that they:

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. Are not exhibiting any signs or symptoms of illness, including flu-like or COVID- 19-like symptoms (and have not for the past 14 days); . Have not been in close contact in the past 14 days with someone exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19 or diagnosed with that illness; and . Have not been outside the U.S.A within the past 14 days prior to the date of the survey; o The crew will ensure that any equipment used is disinfected with appropriate disinfectant cleaner, disinfecting wipes, or equivalent, prior to use; and o Single-use disposable (e.g., latex or nitrile) gloves will be used at all times while handling equipment that has not been disinfected or is suspected of contamination. Hands will be washed following removal of disposable gloves.

• During the survey: o The field crew will travel to and from the Project area and the Gray & Pape office in separate vehicles; o The field crew will conduct the field survey, with provision for appropriate social/physical distancing restrictions between crew members and the Town representative, as a representative is required to accompany the field crew on Town property; o The field crew will ensure proper communication with the Project Manager; and o The field crew will practice proper sanitation prior to, during, and after the survey, including: . Thorough hand washing (or use of hand sanitizer) prior to, during, and following the survey; and . Wearing a face mask at all times that proper social distancing cannot be maintained while on-site and during any vehicle stops while in transit to and from the site; and o Upon completion of the field survey, the field surveyor will notify the designated Town representative prior to leaving the site. • After the survey: o The surveyor will disinfect all equipment used, wearing single use disposable gloves while doing so.

TASK 1: RESEARCH DESIGN/BACKGROUND RESEARCH The major components of Task 1 are to: 1) conduct background research as appropriate to provide both primary and secondary archeological and historical information and 2.) prepare and submit a Research Design and Methodology Proposal that meets MHC standards for obtaining a State Archaeologist’s Permit (950 CMR 70).

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Archival Research Gray & Pape will conduct archival research into the history of the Project Area. This research will be performed prior to the initiation of archaeological field investigation fieldwork so that the results of this research can inform the survey and subsequent reporting.

Gray & Pape will build on the research already completed during the cultural Map of Acton, 1886 resource assessment by PAL in 2020 (PAL 2020), which included the current Project Area. The research will be conducted at MHC to compile background on previously identified resources and previous surveys near to or within the Project Area. Research will also include deed, probate and census records to provide a more detailed chronology of Upper Dam/South Acton Woolen Company archaeological site’s ownership, contents, and period of use that will assist in determining the potential significance of the site in accordance with the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility criteria for historic and archaeological sites. Additional research will be conducted into nineteenth century textile/shoddy mill construction and manufacturing processes. Research will be conducted at the Acton Town Hall, local libraries, and the Acton Historical Commission. Archival research will fallow directly after the Project start-up meeting.

MHC Archaeological Permit Gray & Pape will submit a State Archaeologist’s permit application and Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey/Site Examination proposal to the MHC. The permit application will require project plans, permit application and a research design that provides summary of background research and environmental data, the proposed methodology, and the proposed research team and schedule, and the proposed curation facility. These items fulfill the MHC expectations for data in order to receive a permit from the State Archaeologist. Compilation and submittal of the permit application will follow directly after the Project start- up meeting.

TASK 2: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTENSIVE (LOCATIONAL) SURVEY OF THE PROJECT AREA Task 2 consists of the Archaeological intensive (locational) survey field investigations for the Project Area. This field investigation will consist of a pedestrian survey with the mapping of visible historical resources and a shovel test pit (STP) survey program.

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Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Fieldwork Approach Based on a preliminary desktop analysis of the Project Area, Gray & Pape has evaluated the potential of each of the section of the Project to contain significant archaeological resources. Previous archaeological investigation and environmental resources indicate that the Project Area has been assigned areas of low, moderate, and high archaeological sensitivity. Based on this evaluation, Gray & Pape assumes that no testing will be needed for the paved portion of the Project Area. Given this, Gray & Pape assumes that no more than 75 ShovelSTPs Test will Pit excavationbe with appropriate safety equipment. Photo by Nathan Scholl needed to complete the archaeological intensive (locational) survey. A pedestrian survey and ground penetrating radar survey of the Project Area will be completed prior to the STP survey to confirm the assumptions made here and to help further refine the implementation of the STP program.

Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey Field Investigation Methodology This Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey is designed to locate and identify archaeological resources that may be located within the Project Area. The investigation will aim to assess the site’s boundaries and the temporal range of the site’s occupation(s). Gray & Pape’s field investigations will include three phases: 1). Pedestrian survey with mapping of visible historical resources, 2.) a ground penetrating radar survey, and 3.) archaeological shovel test pit excavations. At the conclusion of the field investigations Gray & Pape will produce an End of Fieldwork letter report for the Town outlining the initial findings and recommendations of the investigations.

Archeological Pedestrian Survey and Site Mapping The reconnaissance pedestrian field survey will consist of a three-person team assessing the Project Area on foot. The reconnaissance will provide the opportunity to ground truth the previous sensitivity assessments, and map all visible structural remains, features, and non-portable artifacts. Mapping will be conducted using an EOS Arrow 100 GNSS receiver, capable of subfoot accuracy, linked to a tablet running ArcGIS Collector, a GPS data collection app created by ESRI that runs on any IOS or Android machine. The site map will include hard points that are tied into current existing conditions topographic project plans. If warranted, the GPS mapping data will be supplemented by the use of metric field tape. Data collected will include a description of the environment the Project Area, photographs of the representative locations, and any evidence of cultural activity including all structural remains. This information will be used to refine the locations to be subjected to subsurface testing and provide a narrative description of each location to be tested.

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Ground Penetrating Radar Survey A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey will be implemented, if feasible, to identify subsurface structural and large artifactual remains including but not limited to foundations and machinery. GPR transects will be placed at 0.50-meter (m) intervals across the Project Area, in an area no greater than 40 square meters. Data collection will be accomplished on using a GSSI SIR-3000 GPR Data Acquisition Unit with a 400 Mega-Hertz antenna. The GPR data will be processed using GSSI RADAN 7.0 software. A GPR results map that identifies any subsurface anomalies which may be present within the surveyed ProjectGround Penetrating Radar survey Photo by Daniel Zoto Area will be produced and will be used to guide the STP program and site examination excavation units.

Archaeological Testing Excavations STPs, excavated in 50-by-50-centimeters (cm) squares, will be excavated to determine the presence or absence of cultural materials. STPs will be excavated at 5 m intervals within the previously identified areas of high archaeological sensitivity and 7.5 m intervals in areas of moderate archaeological sensitivity. All STPs will be excavated to culturally sterile soil, unless cultural features are identified, in which case excavations will be halted and the feature covered for excavation at the site examination level. This size of STPs permits adequate observation of soil profiles and historic features. Stratigraphy observed in all STP soil profiles will be recorded using the Gray & Pape field recordation system. Gray & Pape has designed a field data collection and management system that utilizes a proprietary multiplatform data collection application that integrates with Collector for ArcGIS. This data collection and management system is designed to support real-time syncing of data. Everyone sharing the map can review and edit data in real time, whether in the field or in the office, including hot-linked photo viewing. Ultimately, the GIS is used to generate all maps and spatial statistics needed to support cultural resource management recommendations and reporting.

STP recorded data will include provenience within the Project Area grid, depth of excavation levels and total excavation, level and stratum (arbitrary and natural), Munsell color and general description of each soil level, artifact provenience, features (if present), time and date of excavation, and names of excavators. All culturally positive STPs will be photographed in profile as well as in normal recording.

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Artifact Recovery All soil excavated during this investigation will be passed through 6.5-mm (0.25-inch) mesh screen to recover artifacts. Any artifacts recovered from these excavations will be placed in bags labeled with their associated provenience. An excavation summary form will be used to record information, such as elevations, soil/artifact descriptions, and names of excavators, and to summarize the results of excavation. Temporally diagnostic artifacts, found in situ, will be piece plotted and mapped, assigned a unique specimen number, and placed within a separate level bag. Historical artifacts recovered during field excavation Photo by Nathan Scholl TASK 3: SITE EXAMINATION WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA Task 3 will consist of the Site Examination of the Project Area. Based on the results of previous investigations in the Project Area, Gray & Pape assumes no more than one archaeological site (ACT.HA.8) will require Site Examination.

Goals for an Archaeological Site Examination A Site Examination will be designed to address the basic question: Is an archaeological site or resource eligible for listing in the NRHP according to the NRHP Criteria of Significance (CFR 60.4)? These criteria require that the quality of significance in American history, architecture, culture, and archaeology should be present in buildings, structures, objects, sites, or districts that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and that the buildings, structures, objects, sites, or districts. Significance may be found in four aspects of American history:

• Criterion A: Association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; • Criterion B: Association with the lives of persons significant in our past; • Criterion C: Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; and • Criterion D: Yield, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history (Federal Register 1981, 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq., as amended).

Integrity is the ability of a resource to convey its significance. Listing in the NRHP requires that a resource not only be significant, but also have integrity. Resources either retain their integrity, and therefore convey their significance, or they do not. The NRHP recognizes seven aspects or qualities that, in various

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combinations, define integrity. A resource that retains integrity will always possess several, and usually most, of these aspects. The seven aspects of integrity are:

• Location: the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred. • Design: the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. • Setting: the physical environment of a historic property. • Materials: the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. • Workmanship: the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period of history or prehistory. • Feeling: a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. • Association: the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. (NRHP 2002)

For the purposes of archaeology, assessment of site integrity depends largely on the level of disturbance exhibited by archaeological deposits. The nature of deposits (intact, partially disturbed, obliterated, etc.) has direct bearing on the potential to view a site within the context of its past, and on the degree to which it can provide data based on the material record (NRHP 2002). In short, the integrity of a site (and thereby it’s potential for NRHP eligibility) is directly tied to its capacity to address research questions.

The resource will be evaluated in terms of its potential to contribute data pertinent to regional or local research questions. Special consideration will be afforded sites that address gaps in the regional database and do not provide largely redundant information. Furthermore, to qualify for NRHP eligibility under Criterion D, by which most archaeological sites meet NRHP eligibility requirements, the site must be evaluated in terms of its contextual integrity. For a site to be significant, it is necessary that the data be well preserved and recoverable. The presence of intact subsurface cultural deposits is generally a major factor in determining the significance of a historic site.

Information necessary to develop a historical context and to evaluate significance is gathered from a variety of sources including written and cartographic documents. Environmental conditions, pre- and post-contact land use and settlement patterns are specifically evaluated to provide both archaeological and historical contexts.

Research Questions Five broad research questions will be addressed by the site examination and include: 1) What are the site boundaries? 2) What is the site’s integrity? 3) What is the internal density of cultural materials? 4) What is the site complexity?

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5) What are the temporal range of occupation(s)?

Excavation of a resource may also have the ability to answer additional and more specific research questions, depending on the type of resource identified.

Site Examination Field Investigations This archaeological site evaluation is designed to locate, identify, and evaluate significant cultural materials (both artifacts and features) in order to permit a determination of the eligibility of a resource for listing in the NRHP. The investigation will aim to assess the site’s boundaries and integrity, internal density of artifacts and or features, the complexity of the cultural materials preserved within, and the temporal range of the site’s occupation(s).

Excavation Units and Excavation

Blocks The Site Examination will use excavation units (EUs) to investigate the integrity of archaeological deposits identified during the STP program, further explore foundations or other features. EUs will be excavated in 1-by-1-m squares; if two or more of these are excavated in conjunction, they will be considered an Excavation Block. The hand excavation of the EUs will allow for recovering fine- scale vertical and horizontal archaeological data during the Excavation Block excavation investigation. Within these EUs, deposits Photo by Nathan Scholl will be removed by controlled shovel skimming, maintaining vertical and horizontal control of the EU. Temporally diagnostic artifacts, cultural features, and distinct artifact concentrations will be recorded in situ using unit- specific datums tied to a hard mapping point.

EUs will be excavated by hand in 10-cm arbitrary levels within natural stratigraphy. Soil strata will be given an appropriate zone number followed by level numbers. When a new horizon is encountered, a new stratum will be designated, and level numbering begun again from Level 1. Depths will be taken for each excavated level. Excavations will halt at sterile C horizon soils, the water table, or obstructions. A representative soil profile will be drawn and photographed for each EU.

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Artifact Recovery Artifact recovery will be implemented in the same way as described for the archaeological intensive (locational) survey. Additional emphasis will be placed on recovering in situ temporally diagnosis artifacts to help better interpret site deposits.

Cultural Feature and Specialized Samples Cultural features (if any) exposed within these excavations will be mapped and photographed. If features are identified, they will be fully exposed to the extent possible in a single EU, for recording and investigation. If warranted, an EU may be expanded for complete exposure and excavation of a feature.

All potential cultural features identified will be assigned a feature number and photographed and mapped in plan view before excavation. Features will be cross sectioned (50 percent fill removal) along the longest axis and hand excavated in 5-cm levels. Feature fill will be screened through 0.63-cm (1/4- in.) hardware mesh. All artifacts recovered from the first half will be bagged in their internal feature provenience. Once excavation of half of the feature is complete, a Cultural Feature excavation cross section profile will be drawn Photo by Nathan Scholl

and photographed. A feature form will be completed for all features while they are being excavated. The form includes all pertinent information regarding the feature, including its location, elevation, length and width at definition and at its base, ending depth, preliminary functional description, excavation notes, and association with other features. The second half of the feature will undergo specialized sampling of the remaining feature fill. Such specialized sampling will be used in floatation analysis for macro-botanicals and micro-artifacts. Any remaining feature fill after sampling will be removed and screened. A final excavation plan view map will be drawn and the feature photographed. Features that are greater than 0.75 m on a horizontal axis and 0.5 m on vertical axis are considered to be complex. Gray & Pape assumes no more than two (2) features will be excavated and that they will not be complex (as defined above).

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Temporary Excavation Safety Measures The field director will monitor and keep record of the safety precautions put in place during this investigation. All STPs will be backfilled the same day they are excavated. Dependent on excavation results, EUs may be left open overnight while the investigation is ongoing. Safety caution fencing will be erected around any open excavation to prevent accidental injury to the public. All excavations will be backfilled upon completion of the investigation.

Temporary Excavation Block safety measures Photo by Nathan Scholl TASK 4: ANALYSIS AND REPORTING Task 4 consists of the analysis of artifacts recovered from the field investigation(s) and the production of the technical report of archaeological findings based on the cumulative results of the investigations completed for this project. Gray & Pape assumes that no more than 100 artifacts will be recovered during the archaeological intensive (locational) survey and that no more than 250 artifacts will be recovered during the site examination require cataloging and permanent curation. If fewer artifacts are recovered, an appropriate reduction of invoiced costs may be made. If more than these assumed number of artifacts are recovered, a contract modification shall be required prior to the analysis and cataloging of additional artifacts and/or the submission of overage charges related to artifacts analysis and cataloging.

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Laboratory Processing and Analyses Artifacts collected will be cleaned, catalogued, analyzed and prepared for permanent curation in accordance with 36 CFR Parts 79 and 800 and the guidelines outlined in the PAL Collections Management Policy. Artifacts will be analyzed according to criteria including form, function, type, distribution, spatial patterning, and other variables. Analysis will be conducted using the Gray & Pape computerized artifact inventory system, which allows for accurate assessments of artifact densities, cultural affiliations, and site dates.

Detailed Lab Analysis at Gray & Pape Providence Facility Native American Artifact Photo by Charlie Rose Analysis Analyses of Native American cultural materials is conducted with the following objectives: (1) identification of artifacts recognized as diagnostic of specific cultures or time periods; (2) identification of reduction sequences represented by the lithic debitage; (3) identification of utilized and/or retouched debitage; (4) identification of raw materials represented among the tools and debitage; and (5) identification of recovered ceramic types. Identification of diagnostic artifacts is made by consulting existing comparative collections and available literature regarding artifact types.

Identification of lithic reduction sequences is made by examining specific attributes of the individual pieces of debitage. Ad hoc utilization of pieces of debitage constitutes the "expedient tool" category. Nearly any type of debitage may have served as a tool in this manner. These implements are identified by examining each piece of debitage with a binocular microscope for evidence of use-wear and/or retouch scars. Identification of raw materials represented in the lithic sub-assemblage is made by microscopic examination of each individual piece and comparison to existing raw material type collections and/or literature regarding available raw materials within the general region.

Native American ceramic materials are examined, and the following attributes recorded for all sherds: (1) the kind and relative coarseness of temper, (2) surface treatment, (3) vessel portion, and (4) the color of the paste both on the surface and in the interior. Where possible, an identification is made of the type of vessel from which the sherd derives. Data obtained from these identifications are applied to determine site cultural affiliations, overall site function, and specific activities conducted at the site.

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Historical Period Artifact Analysis Historical Period artifacts that are recovered during the field investigation will be attributed to material, form, and function. Materials include bone, ivory, shell, and horn; botanical; ceramic, vessel; ceramic, brick; ceramic, other; glass, flat; glass, vessel; glass, tableware; glass, other; faunal; metal; mineral; synthetics; textiles; wood; and other. Artifacts will also be attributed to one of ten broad function groups, loosely based on South (1977), in order to address questions of site function and intra-site use patterns. These groups are Activities, Architecture, Clothing, Firearms, Food Remains, Fuel/Energy, Furniture, Kitchen, Personal, and Transportation. An eleventh group, Miscellaneous/Other, will be used for all artifacts that cannot be assigned to a specific functional group. These artifacts include items with more than one possible function, items (e.g. a metal plate, as it may pertain to furniture or architecture, amongst many other things) or items with indeterminate form (e.g., melted glass). Many artifacts assigned to this category likely represent domestic debris; however, their fragmentary nature prevents identification of vessel type or function, and thus makes it impossible to assign these items to the domestic group. Similarly, many glass fragments are indeterminate, in general, container glass will be assigned to the Kitchen group. Gray & Pape uses this analysis technique to better understand what type of activities were occurring on-site and where certain activities were occurring for internal patterning.

Feature Samples Soil samples taken as feature fill will be returned to Gray & Pape facilities for flotation processing and analysis. Macro and micro artifacts or ecofacts may be recovered from floatation processed. These specimens can be used for specialized analysis that may include botanical and faunal analysis. Botanical and faunal analysis can help determine what types of perishable ecological resources may have been utilized by the site’s inhabitants and, possibly, what the environment was like during the time of occupation. Application of these analysis is mainly predicated on the possibility that cultural features will be identified during the field investigation. Gray & Pape assumes that up to two (2) feature fill soil sample will be processed through flotation analysis.

Technical Report A full technical report will be prepared detailing the results of the combined archaeological intensive (locational) survey and site examination upon completion of the fieldwork and analyses. The report will be prepared in compliance with the MHC permit regulations (950 CMR 70) and will meet the standards described in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation.

The report format will include: • Report Cover with the Project name, project proponent, and author(s); • Table of contents, figures and tables; • Abstract prepared according to the State Archaeologist’s guidelines; • Introduction detailing the Project, relevant legislation, Project area/APE description, personnel involved, and acknowledgements;

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• Figures detailing the Project location and testing locations on Project plans and USGS quadrangle(s), photographs of the Project area/APE and of visible cultural features or structures, and relevant historical maps; • The environmental and cultural context for the Project, including an outline of previous archaeological surveys within the Project area/APE and information on the known and expected archaeological properties and their potential or known eligibility for the NRHP within the Project area/APE; • A description of the Project research, field, and laboratory methodology, including a description and justification of the research design; • A quantitative and qualitative summary of the field survey results including artifacts and features recovered during the field investigations; • Summary of and recommendations for the Project; • A list of the references cited; and • Appendices with the relevant agency communication and paperwork, MHC inventory forms, and artifact catalogs.

The report will include a thorough description of the research design discussing rationale, goals, methods and expected results as well as any deviations. It will also include a thorough discussion of the importance of the area to regional and state history and, its relevance to archaeological research and the Massachusetts State Preservation Plan (MHC 2018b).

Figures will include maps of the Project area within the state, region and U.S.G.S. quadrangle, historical maps, detailed maps and sketches of impact areas showing the location of archaeological sites and copies of historical maps as appropriate. Photographs will be included for all features and appropriate sites. A thorough bibliography of sources will be included. Site locational information (including UTM coordinates) will be included in the report. Both figures and photographs will conform to the State Archaeologist’s memorandum on improving photography and cartography.

GIS layers created by Gray & Pape for the investigation or the technical report will conform to Federal Geographical Data Committee (FGDC) Standards. Geospatial data will be delivered in a geo-referenced GIS (Geographic Information System) format (feature-based file structures with one-to-one cardinality between spatial records and attribute records) which would include Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) shapefile and geodatabase formats. Each Geographic Information System (GIS) data set shall be accompanied by metadata conforming to FGDC's Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM). All data will be provided in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) project in the appropriate zone and will have a datum of WGS84.

Gray & Pape will submit one pdf draft copy of the report to the Town of Action and one hard copy to MHC for review. Two (2) final copies of the report that address MHC’s comments on the draft will be submitted; a CD-ROM containing a word processing file with the report author(s) names, date, title, page count and an archaeological abstract prepared in accordance with the State Archaeologist’s report

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Task 5: Cataloging and Curation of Artifacts, Site Forms, And Documents Upon completion of analysis, all artifacts will be placed in curation-approved storage bags with associated labels. Gray & Pape will temporarily house any artifacts recovered as part of these investigations, along with the report, any site forms, or other relevant documents associated with the artifacts. Permanent disposition of the archaeological collection will be arranged with an MHC approved curation facility, such as the Public Archaeology Laboratory, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

ASSUMPTIONS Gray & Pape’s ability to adequately provide the services outlined above is contingent upon the following critical assumptions:

• All meetings related to this project will be virtual. Meeting in-person, if required, between Gray & Pape project management and the Town will occur only during the fieldwork; • No more than 75 STPs will be required to complete the archaeological intensive (locational) survey and MHC agrees; • No more than 100 artifacts will be collected for analysis and curation during the archaeological intensive (locational) survey; • No features will be excavated during the archaeological intensive (locational) survey; • No more than 6 square meters will be excavated during the site examination; • No more than 250 artifacts will be collected for analysis and curation during the site examination; • No more than two (2) cultural features will be excavated during the site examination and that they will not be complex (as defined above); • Only two (2) feature fill samples will undergo flotation analyses; • No radiocarbon or other specialized analyses (faunal, botanical, etc.…) will be required to evaluate the eligibility of a site or resource for listing on the NRHP • Excavations will be no deeper than 100 cm below ground surface. • Weather conditions, such as snow cover, will not impact the fieldwork schedule

If deviation is required from these assumptions in order to successfully complete the archaeological site examination, additional costs may be required. Gray & Pape will consult with the Town if situations arise that may cause deviations from the above assumptions.

SECTION IV: PROJECT SCHEDULE Gray & Pape is prepared to commence work immediately upon receipt of a fully executed contract. Gray & Pape acknowledges that the draft technical report should be submitted to the Town within 45 days of the

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completion of the field and laboratory tasks. The ability to adhere to the project schedule, as outlined by the Town in their RFQ document, is based on the assumption that MHC will modify the state archaeologists’ permit to include site examination methods in under two weeks. The schedule is also dependent upon proper weather conditions to complete the fieldwork; snow cover during the late fall or winter months may pose limiting factors on the fieldwork.

The proposed schedule is as follows:

IMPLEMENTATION – WORK PLAN 2020 2021 Implementation Phase: October November December January February March April Task 1: Research Design/ Background Research Gray & Pape will obtain MHC Permit, conduct archival research, provide potential consulting parties, coordinate with property owners. Personnel: Gray & Pape Principal Investigator and Project Manager and Project Archaeologist Task 2: Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey of Project Area Gray & Pape will mobilize, conduct Phase I fieldwork, and provided a summary letter report of initial findings. Personnel: Gray & Pape Principal Investigator, Project Archaeologist/ Site Safety Officer, and Field Technicians. Task 3: Site Examination within the Project Area Gray & Pape will mobilize, conduct Phase II fieldwork, and provided a summary letter report of initial findings. Personnel: Gray & Pape Principal Investigator, Project Archaeologist/ Site Safety Officer, and Field Technicians. Task 4: Analysis and Reporting Gray & Pape will conduct laboratory artifact analysis and write technical report that provides recommendations, present an eligibility statement on the site for listing in the NRHP, if deemed. Personnel: Gray & Pape Principal Investigator and Project Archaeologist. Task 5: Cataloging and Curation of Artifacts, Site Forms, And Documents Gray & Pape will prepare artifact analysis for permanent curation and deliver them to an appropriate curation facility. Personnel: Gray & Pape Principal Investigator and Project Archaeologist. ** The schedule is dependent upon the ability to complete fieldwork in acceptable weather conditions. If adverse conditions are prolonged, delaying the start of fieldwork, then the Phase completion dates will slide later into 2020.

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SECTION V: COST PROPOSAL Gray & Pape proposes to complete this project on a firm, fixed priced contract for the total listed below. We are committed to assisting the Town with completing this project in a cost-effective and efficient manner that meets all project needs. If all project work is completed by Gray & Pape, compensation for the professional services outlined in this proposal will be:

Task 1: Research Design/Background Research/Administration $ Task 2: Archaeological Intensive (Locational) Survey $ Task 2: Ground Penetrating Radar Survey $ Task 3: Site Examination Survey $ Task 4: Analysis and Reporting $ Task 5: Cataloging and Curation of Artifacts, Site Forms, And Documents $

TOTAL FEE $

Fieldwork costs are directly related to the cautionary needs of COVID-19 prevention. Cost savings may be possible if fieldwork is not conducted during the coronavirus pandemic. Gray & Pape acknowledges that the assumption lain out in this proposal may not be met and that an appropriate decrease in this cost estimate may be required. No work that exceeds the assumptions of this proposal will be undertaken by Gray & Pape without the Town’s approval and an agreed contract modification in place first.

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SECTION VI: SUMMARY Gray & Pape is pleased to provide the Town of Acton with this proposal for an Intensive Archaeological Survey/Site Examination for the River Street Dam Removal Project in Acton, Massachusetts. We believe that our staff offers a strong set of professionals with extensive experience in the region and specific expertise related to the project. The Gray & Pape staff has an outstanding record of completing background research, project coordination and mobilizations, field investigations, making accurate survey maps, consultation with stakeholders, processing artifacts, writing archaeological reports, and providing clear and concise recommendations to the benefit of both our clients and the archaeological resources.

In summary, Gray & Pape offers the following essential components to the successful completion of the proposed project: • Experienced project leadership from an established and nationally recognized heritage management company; • Prior extensive experience conducting cultural resource data recovery and site locational services; • Extensive experience with nineteenth century mill and industrial sites in New England; • A high level of safety review and protocols; • A highly experienced team that includes staff with regionally correlate experience from the Principal- In-Charge through the Principal Investigator to the Project Archaeologist; • An established track record of completing all project requirements, from the notice to proceed through fieldwork to reporting, including any requested report revisions; and • Long-term record of responsiveness to clients and production of quality products

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