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A First Inventory of the Echinoderms from Juan De Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel, South Western Indian Ocean

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A First Inventory of the Echinoderms from Juan De Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel, South Western Indian Ocean A First inventory of the echinoderms from Juan de Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel, South Western Indian Ocean. Thierry Mulochau, Chantal Conand, Sabine Stöhr, Marc Eléaume, Pascale Chabanet To cite this version: Thierry Mulochau, Chantal Conand, Sabine Stöhr, Marc Eléaume, Pascale Chabanet. A First inven- tory of the echinoderms from Juan de Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel, South Western Indian Ocean.. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, 2015, 13 (1), pp.23–30. hal-01306709 HAL Id: hal-01306709 https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01306709 Submitted on 26 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A First Inventory of Echinodermata at Juan de Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel T. Mulochau1, C. Conand2,3, S. Stöhr4, M. Eleaume3 and P. Chabanet5 1BIORECIF, 3 ter rue de l’Albatros 97434 La Réunion, France ; 2Muséum Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France ; 3UMR Entropie, Université de La Réunion, 97715 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France ; 4Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, PO Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden; 5UMR Entropie, Labex corail, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CS 41095, 97495 Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France. Keywords: Echinodermata, diversity, reef flats, reef slopes, lagoon, Juan de Nova Abstract — Juan de Nova is one of the scattered islands known as Iles Eparses in the Mozambique Channel (Western Indian Ocean). Historically, they have been isolated from many anthropogenic influences which makes them ideal areas to study biodiversity for comparison with areas that are heavily impacted by urbanization and fishing. The programme BioReCie (Biodiversity, Resources and Conservation of Eparses Islands) undertook inventories of several marine groups, including echinoderms, which had hitherto not been assessed in Juan de Nova. A multidisciplinary team surveyed the reef slopes of the island using SCUBA to a depth of 25 m as well as the reef flats at low tide, collecting specimens and taking photos for identification. Sixty echinoderm species were found, with 51 occurring on the reef flats and in the lagoon and 22 on the reef slopes, comprising 21 species of Holothuroidea, 16 Ophiuroidea, 10 Echinoidea, 7 Asteroidea, and 6 Crinoidea. Commercial species of Holothuroidea, some of which are classified as endangered in the IUCN red list, i.e. Thelenota ananas and Holothuria nobilis, were present on the reef flats, reef slopes and in the lagoon of the island, indicating the value that protection has on biodiversity. INTRODUCTION Juan de Nova is one of the Iles Eparses district of Terres Australes et Antarctiques (French Scattered Islands) which include Françaises (Territory of the French Southern Tromelin, Glorieuses, Bassas da India and and Antarctic Lands). Juan de Nova is located Europa around Madagascar in the south-west in the Mozambique Channel (17°03’16”S; Indian Ocean. Collectively, these islands, 42°43’30”E), 150 km from the west coast of which have an EEZ (Exclusive Economic Madagascar and 285 km from the East African Zone) of approximately 650 000 km2, have coast (Fig. 1). The island is 5.48 km2 in area been governed as a strict Nature Reserve and its coral reefs are 206.69 km2 in extent, under statutes promulgated in 1975 (Gabrié, comprising 163.22 km2 of reef flats and lagoon 1998) and 2007, and constitute the fifth and 43.47 km2 of barrier reef (Andréfouët et Corresponding author: TM Email: [email protected] Figure 1. Map of the south-west Indian Ocean with the location of Juan de Nova. al., 2009). The EEZ around Juan de Nova is Scientific studies within protected 61 050 km2 in area. A detailed presentation areas in the Indo-Pacific region that are on the island covering its geomorphology and not influenced by serious anthropogenic geopolitical and natural history is presented perturbation increase our knowledge on by Caceres (2003). marine biodiversity, including echinoderms, A survey of the island was undertaken and more particularly on commercially during the BioReCie (Biodiversity, Resources harvested holothurians (Conand et al., 2008; and Conservation of Eparses islands) FAO, 2013; Purcell et al., 2013; Eriksson et programme to map its reef areas and prepare al., 2015). The aim of this study was thus to inventories of several marine taxa for compile the first inventory of echinoderms of management purposes (Chabanet et al., 2012, Juan de Nova. 2013, 2014). Information on echinoderm diversity in the Iles Eparses has hitherto METHODS been very scarce (Vergonzanne, 1977; Mulochau & Conand, 2008) and inventories Fieldwork was conducted during 7-17 on the echinoderms were thus undertaken and December 2013 at Juan de Nova. An presented for Europa (Conand et al., 2013a) echinoderm species inventory was undertaken and on the holothurians for the Glorieuses using an underwater visual census method (Conand et al., 2013b) through the BioReCie (UVC) during SCUBA dives around the island programme. at depths of 3-25 m, except on the reef flats where snorkeling was more efficient at depths echinoderms on the reef surface, in cavities, of 0-3 m. The UVC method entailed a diver under rubble blocks that could be overturned, randomly swimming for a period of 50 minutes and in the sand. in the designated area. Most echinoderms Indices of occurrence of each species were were photographed but were collected when calculated as the number of sites where they identification in situ was not possible, which were present in total and within the two main was found to be the case particularly for the habitat types, viz. the reef flat and lagoons Ophiuroidea and Crinoidea. A total of 25 (rf), and outer reef slope (rs), divided by the sites were sampled around the island, 19 on total number of sites sampled in each habitat the reef flat and on reef patches in the lagoon, type. Taxonomic classification followed the and six on the outer slopes (Fig. 2; Table 1). World Register of Marine Species (Boxshall A total of 300 hours were spent searching for et al., 2014). Table 1. Site codes, geomorphology, date sampled, coordinates and depth of sites sampled at Juan de Nova in 2013. Site code Reef geomorphology Date Lattitude Longitude Depth (m) 2 Reef flat 08/12/2013 -17.06136 42.71416 0.2 3 Reef flat 09/12/2013 -17.07019 42.71046 0.5 8 Reef flat 12/12/2013 -17.05806 42.69461 0.5 15 Reef flat 15/12/2013 -17.04192 42.71683 1 17 Reef flat 16/12/2013 -17.04783 42.68040 1 20 Lagoonal reef patch 07/12/2013 -17.03259 42.73574 10 25 Lagoonal reef patch 10/12/2013 -16.95350 42.75982 15-18 27 Outer reef slope 11/12/2013 -17.08177 42.72536 13-16 28 Lagoonal reef patch 12/12/2013 -17.01960 42.68127 14 29 Outer reef slope 12/12/2013 -17.05418 42.67435 16-18 30 Lagoonal reef patch 13/12/2013 -16.96562 42.69472 16 31 Lagoonal reef patch 13/12/2013 -16.94298 42.70940 18-19 33 Outer reef slope 14/12/2013 -17.01507 42.65688 20-22 34 Subtidal reef flat 15/12/2013 -17.01076 42.80413 17 35 Outer reef slope 15/12/2013 -17.07472 42.76651 14-20 36 Reef flat 16/12/2013 -17.03337 42.72390 1 37 Reef flat 16/12/2013 -17.03573 42.68453 2 38 Lagoonal reef patch 17/12/2013 -17.03507 42.77117 10 52 Reef flat 07/12/2013 -17.03712 42.72429 3 86 Lagoonal reef patch 09/12/2013 -17.01781 42.71705 15 117 Lagoonal reef patch 11/12/2013 -17.02772 42.72481 16 140 Outer reef slope 14/12/2013 -17.01493 42.65645 28 144 Reef flat 14/12/2013 -17.02939 42.68913 3 165 Reef flat 15/12/2013 -17.05728 42.77669 2 196 Lagoonal reef patch 17/12/2013 -17.03056 42.75651 10 (modified from Andrefouët et al. 2009) Figure 2. Sampling sites surveyed at Juan de Nova in 2013. RESULTS Sixty echinoderm species were found, with 51 CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA occurring on the reef flats and in the lagoon A total of 21 species of Holothuroidea were and 22 on the reef slopes (Table 2). Only a found at Juan de Nova (Table 3). The species single echinoderm species was found at some stations (8, 15 and 36) which were all with the highest occurrence was Holothuria on the reef flats. Stations 86 and 30 located atra (0.48), which was found at ten sites on on lagoonal patch reef yielded the highest reef flats and lagoonal reef patch and two sites species richness with 17 and 16 echinoderm on the outer slopes. Bohadschia subrubra species. A mean of 8.5 echinoderm species (0.42) were also frequently sampled on was sampled per site on the reef slopes and reef flats and lagoonal reef patch, as were 7.3 on the reef flats and lagoonal reef patches. Bohadschia atra, Holothuria nobilis and Stichopus chloronotus each at an occurrence Table 2. Echinoderm classes sampled at Juan de of 0.37. Thelenota ananas was the most Nova in 2013. abundant (0.83) species on the outer slopes Class Reef flat Outer Total but Actinopyga cf.
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