DOCSLIB.ORG

Bioactive Compounds in the Different Extracts of Flowers of Rhododendron Arboreum Sm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bioactive Compounds in the Different Extracts of Flowers of Rhododendron Arboreum Sm Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(5):439-444 ISSN : 0975-7384 Research Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Bioactive compounds in the different extracts of flowers of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Vandana Gautam, Anket Sharma, Saroj Arora and Renu Bhardwaj * Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar - 143005, Punjab, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In the present study, chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts of flowers of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. were investigated for their chemical composition using GC-MS. Different extracts showed the existence of various bioactive compounds with an extensive range of countless therapeutic values. The results showed that chloroform extract contained 34 metabolites, hexane extract contained 23 metabolites, ethyl acetate extract contained 31 metabolites and petroleum ether extract contained 20 metabolites. Presence of these compounds in flowers of R. arboreum proves the promising utilization of this food plant in the therapeutics. Keywords: GCMS, Rhododendron arboreum Sm., Chemical composition. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Every plant makes a distinctive blend of secondary metabolites. Thousands of these metabolites have been discovered in different classes of plants. Those compounds are classified into different categories i.e. phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, glycosides, saponins, glucosinolates, terpenes, alkaloids, tannins, resins, liganins, proteins and peptides etc. Conventional remedies are imperative resource of latent valuable compounds for the intensification of chemotherapeutic representatives [1]. A broad variety of remedial plant components is used for hauling out as unprocessed drugs and they have diverse medicinal properties and low side effect profile [2]. Plant products and their man-made derivatives constitute one half of all the indexed medicines all around the globe [3]. Polyphenols possess antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [4]. Foods rich in polyphenoilc compounds reduce the possibility of cancer, heart attack, cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders [5,6]. Intake of flavonoids is beneficial in dementia [7]. Alkaloids are used in treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease [8]. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. is regarded as one of the most beautiful flowers wearing, evergreen medicinal plant of higher altitudes [9].Its flowers are used to make pickle by the native people of Himachal Pradesh. The flower juice of R. arboreum is also very popular drink amongst the hilly people. Flowers of R. arboreum contain phenols, saponins, xanthoprotein, steroids, tannin, and coumarin [10]. Presence of quercetin, rutin and coumaric acid in methanolic extract R. arboreum flowers have been reported by Swaroop and coworkers [11] using HPTLC. Some other HPTLC, NMR, IR and spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of phenolics, epicatechin, syringic acid, quercitin, terpenoids and flavonoids in methanolic, alcoholic, aqueous and hexane extracts of R. arboreum leaves [12,13]. Nisar and coworkers [14] reported alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, steroids and saponins in roots of R. arboreum . Traditionally the plant is used for the treatment of various ailments like diarrhea, headache [15]. Recent studies and experiments show that Rhododendron arboreum has many 439 Renu Bhardwaj et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2016, 8(5):439-444 ______________________________________________________________________________ effective and efficient phytochemical activities in curing human diseases like diabetes [16], inflammation [17], bacterial and fungal infections [13, 18] and diarrhea [19]. Thus further studies can be conducted to investigate the unexploited potential of Rhododendron arboreum . So as a part and as a basis for further exploitation, the phytochemicals in the flowers of Rhododendron arboreum were identified by GCMS analysis. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Sample preparation Fresh flowers were washed with double distilled water and dried in shade. The dried flowers were ground to fine powder using mixer-grinder. 5 gram of flower’s powder was extracted with chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether separately and the extracts were then dried at 50 °C under reduced pressure using vacuum rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in 2.0 ml of respective solvents. Analysis using GC-MS Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Plus was used to analyze the chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts of flowers of R. arboreum Sm. The carrier gas used was Helium, with an initial column oven temperature of 70°C for five minutes. The carrier gas was helium. At first, the column oven temperature was set at 70 °C and held for 5 minutes, then increased to 250°C at 10°C / min and held for 10 minutes, again increased to 300°C at 10°C / min and held for 10 minutes. Injection temperature; 280°C, injection mode; splitless, sampling time; 1 minute, flow control mode; linear, pressure; 110.8 k Pa, total flow 38.9 ml/min, column flow; 1.71 ml/min, linear velocity; 47.9 cm/sec, purge flow; 3 ml/min, sample injection volume; 4 µl, ion source temperature; 250°C, interface temperature 290°C, solvent cut time; 3.5 minute and detector gain mode; relative. Analytical column used was DB- 5ms with 30 m length and 0.025 mm id. Identification of compounds All the detected compounds were identified by comparing mass spectra with National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST08s) and Wiley 7 library. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Total 70 compounds were identified in four extracts of flowers of R. arboreum . Individually, the chloroform extract contained 34 compounds (Table: 1), hexane extract contained 23 compounds (Table: 2), ethyl acetate extract contained 31 compounds (Table: 3) and Petroleum ether extract contained 20 compounds (Table: 4). Linoleic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-oleic acid, methyl commate B, flavone 4'-OH,5-OH,7-di-O-glucoside and octadecane are common in four extracts, whereas, 17-pentatriacontene and eicosanoic acid were common in chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. Presence and absence of different compounds in the four extracts has been listed in Table:5. Amongst those compounds, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and eicosanoic acid are fatty acids; heptadecanoic acid is saturated fatty acid; methyl commate B and D are triterpine glycosides; dodecane is alkane hydrocarbon; phthalic acid is diterpene; hexadecenol is terpene alcohol; globulol is sesqueterpene [20] and octadecadienoic acid is livolic acid. Docosanoic acid, also known as behenic acid, is a carboxylic acid. Palmitic acid possesses free radical scavenging activity [21]. Vitamin E possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiageing, analgesic, antidiabatic, antidermatitic, antileukemic, antitumor, anticancer, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antiulcerogenic, vasodilator, antispasmodic and antibronchitic, antiplasmodic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties [22,23]. 9-octadecenoic acid exhibits antimicrobial and antibacterial potential [24]. Phthalic acid is used in neurodegenerative diseases. 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid is a plasticizer compound possessing antimicrobial properties [23]. 9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol possess anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, antiarthritic properties [23]. Linoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid and oleic acid possess antimicrobial activity [25]. Octadecene was found to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity [26,27]. Farnesol is used by the commensal, opportunistically pathogenic fungus Candida albicans as a quorum sensing molecule that inhibits filamentation [28]. 9,12 octadecadienoic acid possess anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and antimicrobial properties [29]. (3b)-stigmast-5-en- 3-ol is of great therapeutic value as it possess cholesterol lowering effects [30] and antiproliferative activities [31]. (3b)-Stigmast-5-en-3-ol also acts anti-diabetic agent and regulates the glucose transport. It restores the glucose uptake activity without the stimulation of insulin, which proves its insulin-like property [32]. 440 Renu Bhardwaj et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2016, 8(5):439-444 ______________________________________________________________________________ Table:1 Phytochemicals present in chloroform extract of Rhododendron arboreum flowers Sr. No. Name of Compound Retention Time Peak Area (%) 1 1-Dodecene adacene 8.074 0.49 2 1-Tetradecene n-tetradec-1-ene 12.040 1.02 3 9-Octadecene, (E) 14.825 1.46 4 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-oleic acid 16.730 0.27 5 9-Eicosene, (E) 17.153 1.58 6 Phthalic acid, 17.539 0.20 7 Heptadecanoic acid 18.916 9.09 8 3-Eicosene, (E) 19.221 1.45 9 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-linoleic acid 20.466 13.77 10 Docosanoic acid 20.753 1.91 11 1-Docosanol 21.096 1.07 12 Linoleic acid 21.226 0.21 13 Eicosanoic acid 22.463 0.46 14 1-Octacosanol 22.815 0.72 15 Octadecanal stearaldehyde 22.968 0.26 16 Tetratetracontane n-tetratetracontane 23.690 1.43 17 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 23.750 0.28 18 Thiosulfuric acid (H 2S2O3) 24.079 0.21 19 Heptafluorobutyric acid 24.422 0.48 20 Docosane n-docosane 24.488 0.55 21 Nonacosane n-nonacosane 25.426 10.26 22 17-Pentatriacontene 26.374 0.28 23 Octadecane 26.462 0.46 24 Acetic acid, chloro-, octadecyl ester 27.529 0.82 25 Pentadecane, 8-hexyl-8-n-hexylpentadecane 27.780 3.45 26 Dodecanoic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • States Symbols State/ Union Territories Motto Song Animal / Aquatic
    States Symbols State/ Animal / Foundation Butterfly / Motto Song Bird Fish Flower Fruit Tree Union territories Aquatic Animal day Reptile Maa Telugu Rose-ringed Snakehead Blackbuck Common Mango సతవ జయే Thalliki parakeet Murrel Neem Andhra Pradesh (Antilope jasmine (Mangifera indica) 1 November Satyameva Jayate (To Our Mother (Coracias (Channa (Azadirachta indica) cervicapra) (Jasminum officinale) (Truth alone triumphs) Telugu) benghalensis) striata) सयमेव जयते Mithun Hornbill Hollong ( Dipterocarpus Arunachal Pradesh (Rhynchostylis retusa) 20 February Satyameva Jayate (Bos frontalis) (Buceros bicornis) macrocarpus) (Truth alone triumphs) Satyameva O Mur Apunar Desh Indian rhinoceros White-winged duck Foxtail orchid Hollong (Dipterocarpus Assam सयमेव जयते 2 December Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) (O My Endearing Country) (Rhinoceros unicornis) (Asarcornis scutulata) (Rhynchostylis retusa) macrocarpus) Mere Bharat Ke House Sparrow Kachnar Mango Bihar Kanth Haar Gaur (Mithun) Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) 22 March (Passer domesticus) (Phanera variegata) (Mangifera indica) (The Garland of My India) Arpa Pairi Ke Dhar Satyameva Wild buffalo Hill myna Rhynchostylis Chhattisgarh सयमेव जयते (The Streams of Arpa Sal (Shorea robusta) 1 November (Bubalus bubalis) (Gracula religiosa) gigantea Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) and Pairi) सव भाण पयतु मा किच Coconut palm Cocos दुःखमानुयात् Ruby Throated Grey mullet/Shevtto Jasmine nucifera (State heritage tree)/ Goa Sarve bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā Gaur (Bos gaurus) Yellow Bulbul in Konkani 30 May (Plumeria rubra)
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study of Rhododendron
    Utsala A case study on Uses of Rhododendron of Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area, Eastern Nepal. PREPARED BY: UTSALA SHRESTHA GRADUATE IN AGRICULTURE (C ONSERVATION ECOLOGY ) DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IAAS, RAMPUR , CHITWAN FUNDED BY: NATIONAL RHODODENDRON CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (NORM), BASANTPUR -4, TERHATHUM , NEPAL MARCH 2009 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. i 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2. HISTORY OF RHODODENDRON ................................................................................ 3 3. DISTRIBUTION OF RHODODENDRON ...................................................................... 3 4. RHODODENDRONS OF NEPAL ................................................................................... 4 5. SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF STUDY ..................................................................... 5 6. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 6 7. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 6 8. STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................. 7 9. IMPORTANCE OF RHODODENDRON IN TMJ .......................................................... 9
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on Food Habits of Asiatic Black Bear in Kedarnath Wildlifesanctuary, India: Preliminaryevidence on Their Role in Seed Germination and Dispersal
    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Observations on food habits of Asiatic black bear in Kedarnath WildlifeSanctuary, India: preliminaryevidence on their role in seed germination and dispersal S. Sathyakumar1'3 and S. Viswanath2'4 food and feeding habits of the Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Central Borneo, Indonesia, 1WildlifeInstitute of India,P.O. Box 18, indicated that this species could be an importantseed Chandrabani,Dehradun 248 001, India dispenser depending upon the species consumed, 2Instituteof Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, numberof seeds ingested, and the deposition site. Forest Campus, Coimbatore641002 India Asiatic black bears are well known seed predators. that acorns Key words: Asiatic black bear, food habits, germination Manjrekar(1989) reported (Quercus robur) and walnuts were crushed tests, seed dispersal,seed germination,seed predator, (Juglans regia) totally by black bears while on them, Symplocos theifolia, Ursus thibetanus feeding thereby hindering Ursus14(1):99-103 (2003) dispersal. Black bears were also reported to feed on seeds fallen on the ground,and signs of regenerationof species, walnut in particular,were reportedto be low. We presentobservations on the food and feeding habits In India, the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) of Asiatic black bearand observationson germinationof occurs in forested habitats of the GreaterHimalaya at bear food plants in Kedarath Wildlife Sanctuary(WS), 1,200-3,000 m elevation (Sathyakumar2001). Informa- Western Himalayaduring 1989-92. tion on the feeding and movement patternsof Asiatic black bear in India is limited to 2 short studies (Manjrekar1989, Saberwal 1989) and some observa- Study area tions by Schaller (1969), all in Dachigam National Park Kedarath WS (975 km2) is located in Uttaranchal, (NP) in Jammu and Kashmir,India.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Utilization of Rhododendron: A
    Kumar et al. Agric & Food Secur (2019) 8:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-019-0251-3 Agriculture & Food Security REVIEW Open Access Bioactive compounds, health benefts and utilization of Rhododendron: a comprehensive review Vikas Kumar* , Sheenam Suri, Rasane Prasad, Yogesh Gat, Chesi Sangma, Heena Jakhu and Manjri Sharma Abstract The Rhododendron distributed throughout the world is a small evergreen tree with deep red or pale pink fowers, belongs to the family Ericaceae and is known for its spectacular fowers. The species is widely distributed between the latitudes 80°N and 20°S with high socioeconomic reverence and has been designated as the national fower of Nepal and state fower of Himachal Pradesh (India). In addition to its immense horticultural importance, it is commonly used as an ornamental plant for gardens, plantations in the streets or vessels for its aesthetic value. Because of its numerous phytochemical potential, it is being utilized as a traditional remedy for diferent diseases. Flowers of this plant are tra- ditionally utilized by the people residing in the mountainous region to make pickle, juice, jam, syrup, honey, squash, etc., and to treat various ailments like diarrhea, headache, infammation, bacterial and fungal infections. The present review highlights the medicinal, nutritional and potential properties of Rhododendron by making value-added prod- ucts to improve the livelihood for sustainable development of the rural tribal population with more job opportunities. Keywords: Rhododendron, Ericaceae, Ornamental, Infammation, Nutritive value Background in some regions of Bhutan. Te aesthetic beauty of the Nature provides us an access to a diverse group of plants fully blossomed fowers in the fowering season attracts with numerous usages including decoration, medici- the attention of the visitors [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP)
    Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 47229-001 July 2016 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) Package: Construction of FRP huts in disaster affected district of Kumaon (District Bageshwar) Uttarakhand Submitted by Project implementation Unit –UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital This initial environment examination report has been submitted to ADB by Project implementation Unit – UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB Project Number: 3055-IND April 2016 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Project implementation Unit, UEAP, Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam limited, Nainital 1 This report has been submitted to ADB by the Project implementation Unit, UEAP, Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam, Nainital and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Asian Development Bank 2 Initial Environmental Examination April 2016 INDIA: CONSTRUCTION OF FRP HUTS IN DISASTER AFFECTED DISTRICT OF KUMAON (DISTRICT BAGESHWAR) UTTARAKHAND Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, for the Asian Development Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat and Feeding Ecology of Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus Chrysogaster) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279062545 Habitat and feeding ecology of alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India Article in Animal Production Science · January 2015 DOI: 10.1071/AN141028 CITATIONS READS 0 41 2 authors: Zarreen Syed Orus Ilyas Wildlife Institute of India Aligarh Muslim University 6 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS 21 PUBLICATIONS 17 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative View project All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Orus Ilyas letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 26 September 2016 CSIRO PUBLISHING Animal Production Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AN141028 Habitat preference and feeding ecology of alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India Zarreen Syed A and Orus Ilyas B,C AWildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India. BDepartment of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. The alpine musk deer, Moschus chrysogaster, a small member of family Moschidae, is a primitive deer threatened due to poaching and habitat loss, and therefore classified as Endangered by IUCN and also listed in Appendix I of CITES. Although the species is legally protected in India under Wildlife Protection Act 1972, conservation of the species requires better understanding of its distribution and resource-use pattern; therefore, a study on its feeding and habitat ecology was conducted from February 2011 to February 2014, at Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red List of Rhododendrons
    The Red List of Rhododendrons Douglas Gibbs, David Chamberlain and George Argent BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the International, Richmond, UK world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve © 2011 Botanic Gardens Conservation International threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of ISBN: 978-1-905164-35-6 human needs. Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a partnership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees imply any expression on the part of the authors and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, or Botanic Gardens Conservation International delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhododendron Campanulatum D. Don: a Critical Review Pushap Lata1*, Manju Vyas Singh2, Indu Yadav3
    Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Acad J Pharm ISSN 2347-9531 (Print) | ISSN 2320-4206 (Online) Pharmaceutics Journal homepage: http://saspublisher.com/sajp/ Rhododendron Campanulatum D. Don: A Critical Review Pushap Lata1*, Manju Vyas Singh2, Indu Yadav3 1Department of Quality Assurance, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Sector-3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi India 2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Sec-3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Sec-3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India *Corresponding author: Pushap Lata | Received: 16.05.2019 | Accepted: 25.05.2019 | Published: 30.05.2019 DOI: 10.21276/sajp.2019.8.5.11 Abstract Review Article Rhododendron is genus of 1024 species of woody plant belongs to family Ericaceae. Mostly found in Northern Himalaya region. In India it commonly known “burans”. Plant has been proven to possess ant proliferative, anti- inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory and antioxidant due to the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and triterpenoids. Traditionally used in cold, headache, and skin disease. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Pharmacological, Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant. Copyright @ 2019: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION The name rhododendron derives from Greek Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don also words “rhodo” that means rose and “dendron” means known as bell rhododendron because it contains bell tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhododendron: Traditional Vs Modern, Benefits for Himalayan Communities
    Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (October Suppl. Issue) : 2020; pp. (S76-S82) Copyright@ EM International ISSN 0971–765X Rhododendron: traditional vs modern, benefits for Himalayan Communities Pramod Rawat1, Nishant Rai1, Navin Kumar1 and Syed Mohsin Waheed1* 1: 566/6 Bell Road, Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248 001 Uttarakhand, India (Received 10 May, 2020; accepted 18 June, 2020) ABSTRACT The Rhododendron dispersed all over the globe is an evergreen tree with light pink or deep red flowers, belongs to heather family Ericaceae which is recognized for its splendid flowers. The variety is generally dispersed contain high socioeconomic veneration and has been nominated as the state flower of Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland (India) and national flower of Nepal and also the state tree of Uttarakhand, the 27 state of the Republic of India. It is widely distributed between 770 35' & 81001' East longitude, and 28044' & 31028' N Latitude. One of the Rhododendron arboreum is socioeconomically, nutraceutically, and medicinally a very significant plant species. In addition to its vast horticultural significance which generally used for plantations in the streets hilly areas or vessels for its aesthetically importance and decorative plant for gardens, it is a rich source of secondary metabolites due to which different fractions of the plant show therapeutic properties used for curing of several diseases. The plant flowers are conventionally consumed by the communities residing in the hilly area to make squash, honey, syrup, pickle, jam, juice and to treat several diseases and conditions like headache, diarrhea, inflammation, bacterial, and fungal infections. This review emphasizes on the nutritional, therapeutic and pharmacological properties of Rhododendron via manufacturing high value products to improve the livelihood of rural cultivator’s and ethnic communities with more career opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine and Ethno-Veterinary Practices in Nanda Devi B
    A tica nal eu yt c ic a a m A r a c t h a P Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta Jaiyati et al., Pharm Anal Acta 2016, 7:11 DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000514 ISSN: 2153-2435 Review Article Open Access A Survey to Explore the Herbal Wealth and Its Utility as Edibles, Ethno- Medicine and Ethno-Veterinary Practices in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR), Uttarakhand as a Step to Bio Prospection Jaiyati R1, Rajdeo K1, Ashish C2*, Archana S3 and Ruchi B3 1Forest Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India 2National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India 3Doon University, Uttarakhand 248001, India *Corresponding author: Ashish C, Junior Scientist, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India, Tel: +91-9464616773; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: July 21, 2016; Accepted date: November 18, 2016; Published date: November 21, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Jaiyati R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract This paper explores the traditional knowledge of herbal wealth amongst local people and its use as edible, medicine and ethno-veterinary purposes. Information of about 55 species belonging to 32 families was collected from 8 villages under NDBR region, as a step towards sustainable utilization and conservation of medicinal plant species. Information given by the people about the medicinal plants provides an interesting ethno-botanical data and the distribution of ethno-botanical knowledge of the germane ethno-botanical and its utilization held by aged members of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytosociological Analysis of Woody Vegetation Under Burnt and Unburnt Oak Dominated Forest at Pauri, Garhwal Himalaya, India
    Environment Conservation Journal 18(3) 99-106 , 2017 ISSN 0972-3099 (Print) 2278-5124 (Online) Abstracted and Indexed Phytosociological analysis of woody vegetation under burnt and unburnt oak dominated forest at Pauri, Garhwal Himalaya, India Sharesth Kumari 1 , J.P.Mehta 2, Snobar Shafi 3 and Pooja Dhiman 4 Received: 05.08.2017 Revised: 01.09.2017 Accepted: 28.09.2017 Abstract The present study was carried out in oak (Quercus leucotrichophora ) dominated forest of Pauri. Two permanent plots were selected of which one was BPS and other was UBPS. The vegetational data were analysed for both the sites i.e., floristic composition, density, basal cover, A/F, Shannon Wiener index and Simpson’s index of dominance (cd). A total of 6-8 trees species and 24-26 shrub species were found on both BPS and UBPS. BPS showed maximum density than UBPS. Contagious pattern of distribution was common. This paper represents a close association among man, fire and forest ecosystem. Keywords: Burn, Contagious, Density, Distribution, Dominance and Phytosociological Introduction The Himalayan forests are wealthy in biodiversity fodder. Focus of mankind's settlements near the oak and scattered over a great extent from lower to forest areas increase the risk of over lopping, felling higher elevation. The tree vegetation is and furthermore principally fire spreading from overwhelming segments of these forests. pine forest have lessen the region under oak forest Himalayan forests are vital not only for the people (Champion and Seth, 1968). These blazes are for the existing in the Himalaya but also for many placed mostly on pine forests in the slopes of the more living in the adjoining plains (Singh et al., Sub-Himalayan region, provoked haze of smoke.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSERVATION SCIENCE ISSN: 2067-533X Volume 9, Issue 1, January-March 2018: 193-198 www.ijcs.uaic.ro WINTER DISTRIBUTION AND POACHING OF MUSK DEER, MOSCHUS CHRYSOGASTER AND MOSCHUS LEUCOGASTER IN JIGME DORJI NATIONAL PARK, BHUTAN Pema DENDUP*, NAMGAY, Choki LHAM Jigme Dorji National Park, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Damji, Gasa, 14002, Bhutan Abstract Jigme Dorji National Park is home to 2 species of musk deer: Alpine (Moschus chrysogaster) and Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster). In summer months, they inhabit alpine areas and in winter, they are found in fir (Abies densa) forest. They are distributed within the altitudinal range of 3171 masl to 4327 masl in winter. The study on musk deer distribution and poaching was carried out in all the potential musk deer habitats under 6 range offices in the month of October to December 2016. A total of 400 snares were removed following 84 days of active patrol by the park staff. One male musk deer was released into the wild which was caught in the snares set around Chutey Goempa forest. Traditional snaring method (leg and neck snares) with barricade were adopted by the poachers. Nylon ropes were the primary material used as snares. During the entire patrol period, two poachers were apprehended under Lingzhi Range, while attempting to set snares for musk deer. They were fined as per the provisions set under Forest Act, 1995. Annual anti-poaching activities should be carried out and anthropogenic activity should be strictly monitored to protect this endangered species.
    [Show full text]