The Response of the Anglican Church of Kenya in the Fight Against Hiv/Aids: an Assessment of the All Saints Diocese, Nairobi, Kenya
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I \ THE RESPONSE OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ALL SAINTS DIOCESE, NAIROBI, KENYA A project paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Arts Degree in Rural Sociology and Community Development, Department of Sociology, University of Nairobi. September 2004 II DECLARATION I hereby certify that this is my original work and has not been submitted in any other University for award of a degree. NEMA CHARITY MALANGO ALUKU Candidate Signature: Date: SUPERVISORS: DR. PAUL N. MBATIA Signature: Date: ? / 2-/ o r PROF. PRESTON CHITERE Signature: Date: Ill DEDICATION This Project paper is dedicated to my husband, Philip and our little girl Rebecca for their encouragement and support during my studies and for enduring the long hours of my absence as I undertook this project. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to thank the University of Nairobi administration for giving me admission to pursue a Master of Arts course in the department of sociology during the 2001/02 in take. I would also like to thank the staff in the department of sociology who taught me and gave me a lot of enlightenment while I was taking my course work. In particular I wish to thank Dr. Paul N. Mbatia and Prof. Preston Chitere my supervisors for their intellectual and academic support and guidance during the course of the study. I am also compelled to register my appreciation for the initiative and valuable support of the Council of Anglican Provinces of Africa - CAPA for the logistical support during the study period. 1 also wish to thank all the people and institutions interviewed for the important roles they played in the course of my fieldwork. I especially thank the six parishes, which participated in this study particularly; the All Saints Cathedral Parish, St, Francis Karen, St. Luke’s Kenyatta, Holy Trinity Kibera, St. Joseph Kabete and Christ the King Ngando. Many thanks to the ACK Provincial administration office, the All Saints Cathedral Diocesan Vicar, Administrator, HIV/AIDS coordinator; Mother’s Union; and KAMA Coordinator who facilitated the process and all the respondents who so readily provided the required data for the study. I would not forget the valuable support, which I received from my two research assistants during the data collection exercise. The findings, interpretations and conclusions of this report are entirely those of the author who solely is responsible for any error(s) or omission(s). V T able of contents DECLARATION...............................................................................................................II DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ V LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................VIII ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................................IX ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................X CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................1 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1 1:1 Background Information............................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Background of the HIV/AIDS scourge in Kenya...................................3 1.1.3 Involvement of the Anglican Church of Kenya in the fight against HIV/AIDS...........................................................................................................................5 1.2.0 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM................................................................6 1.2.1 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY................................................................9 1.3.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY....................................................................11 1.4.0 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY..........................................11 1.5.0 DEFINITIONS OF KEY CONCEPTS.......................................................... 13 CHAPTER TWcf............................................................................................................. 15 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................15 2.0 Introduction................................................................................................. 15 2.1.0 AIDS transmission in the world............................................................... 15 2.1.2 AIDS AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM.......................................................................... 25 2.1.3 Challenges faced by the Church in Africa........................................... 27 2.1.3.1 Care and support for orphans and families affected by AIDS........27 2.1.3.2 Counseling of people living with and personnaly affected by HIV/AIDS.........................................................................................................................29 2.1.3.3 Church Leadership.......................................................................................30 2.1.3.4 Theological reflections in line with HIV and AIDS........................... 32 2.1.3.5 Stigma Hampers Prevention.......................................................................33 2.1.4 The All Africa Anglican AIDS Initiative as an interventional STRATEGY.......................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.5 THE ACK HIV/AIDS INITIATIVE.................................................................... 40 2.1.6 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................45 2.2.0 THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK........................................................46 2.2.1 SITUATIONAL APPROACH THEORY..................................................... 46 vi CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................52 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................52 3.1 Selection of research site..........................................................................52 3.2 Sources of data collection......................................................................53 3.3.0 Study design.................................................................................................. 54 3.4.0 Units of observation and units of analysis..........................................55 3.5.0 Sampling design and procedures............................................................. 56 3.5.1 Sample size.................................................................................................... 57 3.6.0 Techniques of Data collection............................................................... 58 3.6.1 Structured Interviews...............................................................................58 3.6.2 Personal observations...............................................................................59 3.6.3 Community meetings...................................................................................59 3.6.4 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS............................................................................ 60 3.5 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSYSIS........................................................ 60 3.5.1 Ethical considerations.............................................................................. 61 CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................62 4.0. 0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION......... 62 4.1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 62 4.1.1 Knowledge on the Provincial (National) and diocesan HI V/AIDS desks 62 4.2 HI V/AIDS programmes that have been initiated in the Parishes.... 64 4.3 CHALLENGES FACING THE ACK IN ITS INTERVENTION EFFORTS 74 4.3.1 Consequences of the identified challenges..........................................78 4.4 Contribution of Mothers’ Union and KAMA to the Church HI V/AIDS Activities.................................................................................................... 80 4.5 MEMBERS PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES IN THEIR PARISHES......................................................................82 4.6 EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ACK HIV/AIDS INTERVENTIONS..........................................................................................................84 CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................. 87 5.0. 0 SUMMARY, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION................................................................................................................ 87 5.1.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS................................. 87 5.1.1 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................88 5.1.2 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................90