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Dissertação Maicon Alexandre Timm De Oliveira.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Instituto de Ciências Humanas Programa de Pós-Graduação em História – Mestrado DISSERTAÇÃO Do céu A Estrela do Norte, do inferno Os Carrascos Também Morrem: A ideologia estadunidense no cinema hollywoodiano (1943) MAICON ALEXANDRE TIMM DE OLIVEIRA Pelotas, 2018 MAICON ALEXANDRE TIMM DE OLIVEIRA Do céu A Estrela do Norte, do inferno Os Carrascos Também Morrem: A ideologia estadunidense no cinema hollywoodiano (1943) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, como requisito parcial à obtenção do Título de Mestre em História. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves Silva Pelotas, 2018 Maicon Alexandre Timm de Oliveira Do céu A Estrela do Norte, do inferno Os Carrascos Também Morrem: A ideologia estadunidense no cinema hollywoodiano (1943) Dissertação aprovada, como requisito parcial, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Data da defesa: 26 de março de 2018. Banca Examinadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves Silva (Orientadora) Doutora em Germanistk/Ältere Deustsche Literatur Prof.º Dr.º Vinícius César Dreger de Araújo Doutor em História Social pela Universidade de São Paulo Prof.º Dr.º Guilherme Carvalho da Rosa Doutor em Comunicação Social pela Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Prof.º Dr.º Aristeu Elisandro Machado Lopes Doutor em História pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Dedico este trabalho a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para ele, em especial a minha família. Agradecimentos Este trabalho foi possível graças ao apoio de inúmeras pessoas, entre elas a minha família que proporcionou todo o apoio preciso, com o claro objetivo que essa jornada fosse cumprida, seja com palavras auxiliadoras dando força para que a tarefa fosse feita com o mais alto grau de comprometimento, seja nas conversas do dia a dia com meu avô Osmar Oliveira, com meus pais Gilnei Oliveira e Lurdes Oliveira, assim como meu irmão Anderson Oliveira, que sempre estiveram e estarão ao meu lado. Um agradecimento também ao programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, que abriu as portas, para a realização deste sonho, não apenas por isso, como também por toda a estrutura disponibilizada, desde seu corpo administrativo ao excelente corpo docente, que durante as disciplinas instigavam a busca para um aprimoramento não apenas pessoal como cognitivo. Não poderia esquecer meus colegas de curso que durante todo esse tempo constituíram-se como pilares auxiliadores do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, através de conversas e trocas de ideias, seja em sala de aula, nos corredores ou até mesmo em eventos. Esses momentos deram origem a ótimas discussões. Uma ressalva especial a meu colega Gustavo Ribeiro que auxiliou na obtenção de alguns materiais para a constituição dessa pesquisa e pelas trocas de ideias enriquecedoras proporcionadas. Assim como um agradecimento aos demais amigos que corroboraram para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. Agradeço, também, à banca de defesa composta pelo professor Dr. Aristeu Lopes, com quem este projeto teve origem, devido à sua orientação para o processo de ingresso no mestrado, e por suas contribuições durante a qualificação que foram de grande ajuda na culminância do trabalho. Agradeço também ao professor Dr. Guilherme Rosa, inicialmente por participar na banca de qualificação, e pelas suas proposições durante a mesma, que clarificaram alguns pontos até então pouco explorados, assim como o apoio para continuação desse trabalho. Agradeço também ao professor Dr. Vinicius Dreger, que aceitou o convite para a constituição da banca de defesa da dissertação, acredito que suas contribuições serão de grande auxílio e de grande impacto para o aperfeiçoamento não apenas deste trabalho, como de futuras pesquisas. Gostaria de deixar um agradecimento em especial a amiga e professora Rita Torres, pelo tempo empreendido nessa jornada, desde o pré-projeto até a constituição desta dissertação. Por fim, o agradecimento a minha ilustre e querida orientadora professora Drª. Daniele Gallindo que a partir de nosso primeiro encontro de orientação, aceitou e embarcou neste projeto que se transformou. Se antes possuía uma intenção, graças a suas orientações e seus desafios propostos, percorreu caminhos além dos imaginados, atingindo uma plenitude considerável. Todavia esse ganho não ficou restrito apenas ao viés acadêmico já que suas proposições assim como nossas conversas proporcionaram também um crescimento pessoal muito importante, contribuindo e muito para a pessoa que sou hoje. A ela o mais sincero dos meus agradecimentos. “Cabe aos historiadores, embora não apenas a eles, fazer a sociedade imaginar a história, seja com palavras ou acompanhados de imagens e sons.” (Rafael Rosa Hagmeyer) RESUMO OLIVEIRA, Maicon Alexandre Timm de. Do céu A Estrela do Norte, do inferno Os Carrascos Também Morrem: A ideologia estadunidense no cinema hollywoodiano (1943). 2018. Nºf. Dissertação (mestrado em História) Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2018. O cinema, desde sua constituição como arte nos anos finais do século XIX, adentrou na vida das pessoas, servindo inicialmente como meio de entretenimento, porém ao passar dos anos, as narrativas cinematográficas foram observadas pelos líderes de Estado como uma nova forma de difundir suas questões ideológicas, inúmeros seriam os exemplos, para essa questão. O cinema também assumiria um destaque crescente, principalmente após a década de 1970, como fonte para o estudo histórico. Se inicialmente relegado, com o passar do tempo demonstrou sua importância, constituindo assim como uma das novas formas para o crescimento da disciplina. A segunda Guerra Mundial fora um desses momentos em que os cinemas nacionais estavam incumbidos de valorizar ao máximo suas nações. O nazismo constitui um exemplo, de como os filmes se tornaram ótimas fontes de disseminação de ideologias. Entretanto essa particularidade não ficou restrita apenas aos alemães, os Estados Unidos também aproveitaram a estrutura de Hollywood a fim de realizar sua transposição ideológica, para isso analisaremos ao longo deste estudo os filmes Hangmen Also Die!, 1943 de Fritz Lang e The North Star, 1943 de Lewis Milestone, e também como as narrativas foram utilizadas para realizar determinados objetivos. Entre eles dois podem ser ressaltados: 1. Construir uma imagem negativa frente aos inimigos nazistas, demonstrando toda a sua crueldade, aos demais povos, e2. O processo de valorização ideológica para com os Estados Unidos, as narrativas cinematográficas apresentam ao longo do filme determinadas referências aos estadunidenses e o papel que teriam como dignos líderes e defensores da paz mundial. Caberia a essa nação com apoio de outras, impor o golpe final e eliminar a ameaça nazista. Baseado nisso o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar como o governo estadunidense se utilizou do cinema hollywoodiano durante o ano de 1943, para difundir suas proposições ideológicas. Palavras-Chave: Cinema; História; Ideologia; Estados Unidos; Segunda Guerra Mundial. ABSTRACT OLIVEIRA, Maicon Alexandre Timm de. From Heaven The North Star, from hell Hangmen Also Die!: The American Ideology in Cinema Hollywood (1943).2018. Dissertation (Master in History) post-graduation program in history, Institute of Humanities, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 2018. The cinema, since its constitution as art in the late nineteenth century, has entered into people's lives, initially serving as a means of entertainment, but over the years, the cinematic narratives have been observed by the state leaders as a New way of spreading their ideological issues, countless would be the examples, for that matter. The cinema would also take on a growing prominence, especially after the 1970, as a source for the historical study. If initially relegated, over time demonstrated its importance, constituting as one of the new forms for the growth of discipline. The Second World War was one of those moments when national cinemas were tasked with valuing their nations to the utmost. Nazism is an example of how films have become great sources of dissemination of ideologies. However this particularity was not restricted only to the Germans, the United States also took advantage of the structure of Hollywood in order to carry out its ideological transposition, for this we will analyze throughout this study the films Hangmen also Die!, 1943 of Fritz Lang and the North Star, 1943 Lewis Milestone, and also how the narratives were used to accomplish certain goals. Between them two can be emphasized: 1. Build a negative image against Nazi enemies, demonstrating all their cruelty, to other peoples, and by 2. The process of the ideological appreciation for the United States, the cinematic narratives present throughout the film certain references to the Americans and the role they would have as worthy leaders and defenders of world peace. It would fit this nation with the support of others, impose the final blow and eliminate the Nazi menace. Based on this this study aims to analyze how the American government used the Hollywood cinema during the year 1943, to disseminate its ideological propositions. Key words: Cinema; History; Ideology; United States; Second Mundial War. LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1: Modelo de ficha de análise cinematográfica......................................50
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