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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Faklulteta Fakulteta Za Družbene Vede

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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Faklulteta Fakulteta Za Družbene Vede UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKLULTETA FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Urška Žgajnar Mentor: dr. Stojan Bračič Mentorica: izr. Prof.dr. Monika Kalin Golob JEZIKOVNO-STILNA ANALIZA IN PRIMERJAVA ARGUMENTIRANJA V BESEDILNI VRSTI KOMENTAR ČASNIKOV DELO IN SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG Diplomsko delo Ljubljana 2008 Diplomsko delo z naslovom Jezikovno-stilna analiza in primerjava argumentiranja v besedilni vrsti komentar časnikov Delo in Süddeutsche Zeitung, je izdelano s soglasjem obeh fakultet in urejeno po pravilniku matične fakultete. JEZIKOVNO-STILNA ANALIZA IN PRIMERJAVA ARGUMENTACIJE V KOMENTARJIH DNEVNIKA DELO IN SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG Diplomsko delo je jezikovno-stilna analiza in primerjava argumentacije v komentarjih v slovenskem dnevniku Delo in nemškem dnevniku Süddeutsche Zeitung. Razčlenjenih je osem komentarjev v obeh dnevnikih, ki so nastajali v enakem časovnem obdobju. Rezultati analize so pokazali, da je ena ključnih prvin komentarja tudi argumentacija, kar se kaže v postavljanju kontroverznih trditev in njihovem strukturiranem utemeljevanju. Primerjava nemških in slovenskih komentarjev je razkrila, da avtorji komentarjev Süddeutsche Zeitung postavljajo manj trditev, stališča pa so izražena bolj jasno kot v komentarjih Dela, kjer je trditev sicer več, vendar večinoma niso kontroverzne. Poleg tega sem z analizo gradiva ugotovila, da so trditve v nemških komentarjih podprte z več argumenti, kot v komentarjih slovenskega dnevnika Delo. Jezikovno-stilna analiza je pokazala, da imajo pri zagovarjanju stališč pomembno vlogo metafore, figure kopičenja in stopnjevanja, večdelno realizirani skladenjski vzorci in zaznamovan vrstni red. V argumentacijo komentarjev Süddeutsche Zeitung je vključenih več stilnih prvin z vseh ravni jezika, kot v analiziranih slovenskih komentarjih. Ključne besede: argumentacija, stilistika poročevalstva, Delo, Süddeutsche Zeitung. LINGUISTIC-STYLISTIC ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF ARGUMENTATION IN COMMENTARIES OF DAILY NEWSPAPERS DELO AND SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG This diploma thesis engages the research of structure, modes of use and the function of argumentation and linguistic means in the commentaries of the Slovene newspaper Delo and the German Süddeutsche Zeitung. Eight commentaries, which were published in the same period of time, have been selected and analyzed. The analysis of commentaries in both media shows that argumentation is undoubtedly their essential part, reflected upon the style of raising certain controversial statements and then supporting them accordingly. Furthermore, the comparison reveals that the analyzed statements made in the German commentaries are, although fewer, supported by more arguments than those in Delo. Moreover, the statements of the German authors also tend to be rather explicit and well-defined, whereas the Slovene commentaries consist of more statements in each individual text, however, they seem to be less structured in terms of arguments. The results of the linguistic analysis suggest that as far as the argumentation of controversial statements is concerned, the following linguistic- stylistic means are of major importance: metaphor, accumulation and gradation, inserted sentences and stylistically denoted word order. In order to support their statements, the German authors additionally use a wider range of stylistic elements originating from a broader language spectrum than their Slovene colleagues. Key words: argumentation, stylistics of reporting, Delo, Süddeutsche Zeitung. Kazalo 1 UVOD ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 2 ŽANRSKA UMESTITEV KOMENTARJA ........................................................................................... 11 2.1 SPLOŠNE ZNAČILNOSTI ANALIZIRANIH KOMENTARJEV .................................................... 19 3 STIL ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 3.1 STILNO ZAZNAMOVANA JEZIKOVNA SREDSTVA ................................................................. 21 3.1.1 AVTOMATIZMI IN AKTUALIZMI ........................................................................................... 22 3.2 STILOTVORNI DEJAVNIKI ........................................................................................................... 24 4 ARGUMENTACIJA ................................................................................................................................. 28 5 ANALIZA ARGUMENTIRANJA V KOMENTARJIH DELA IN SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG .... 33 5.1 TRDITVE V KOMENTARJIH DELA .............................................................................................. 34 5.2 TRDITVE V KOMENTARJIH SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG .......................................................... 37 5.3 ARGUMENTACIJA V KOMENTARJIH DELA .............................................................................. 38 5.4 ARGUMENTACIJA V KOMENTARJIH SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG ......................................... 43 6 AKTUALIZIRANA JEZIKOVNA SREDSTVA .................................................................................... 48 6.1 IZBOR BESED .................................................................................................................................. 49 6.1.1 ČASOVNO ZAZNAMOVANE BESEDE .................................................................................... 49 6.1.2 JEZIKOVNASREDSTVA DRUGIH FUNKCIJSKIH IN SOCIALNIH ZVRSTI ....................... 49 6.1.2.1 POGOVORNI JEZIK .......................................................................................................... 49 6.1.2.2 ŽARGONIZMI .................................................................................................................... 51 6.1.2.3 PREVZETE IN CITATNE BESEDE .................................................................................. 52 6.2 PONOVITVE IN OBNOVITVE VZORCEV IN KLIŠEJEV ............................................................ 53 6.3 TROPI ................................................................................................................................................ 54 6.3.1 METAFORA ................................................................................................................................. 55 6.3.2 METONIMIJA .............................................................................................................................. 58 6.4 RETORIČNE FIGURE ...................................................................................................................... 59 6.4.1 PONAVLJANJE IN KOPIČENJE ................................................................................................ 59 6.4.2 STOPNJEVANJE ......................................................................................................................... 59 6.4.3 PRETIRAVANJE IN SKROMNOST ........................................................................................... 60 6.4.4 BESEDNE IGRE .......................................................................................................................... 61 6.4.5 RETORIČNO VPRAŠANJE ........................................................................................................ 62 6.4.6 PERIFRAZA ................................................................................................................................. 62 6.4.7 IRONIJA ....................................................................................................................................... 63 6.4.8 SMEŠENJE ................................................................................................................................... 64 6.5 SKLADENJSKE POSEBNOSTI ....................................................................................................... 65 6.5.1 ZAZNAMOVANI BESEDNI RED .............................................................................................. 66 6.5.2 VEČDELNO REALIZIRANI SKLADENJSKI VZORCI ............................................................ 67 6.5.3 NEGLAGOLSKI STAVKI ........................................................................................................... 70 6.5.4 VPRAŠALNE POVEDI ................................................................................................................ 70 6.5.5 RABA DVOPIČJA ....................................................................................................................... 72 6.6 OBRAČANJE K NASLOVNIKU ..................................................................................................... 73 7 SKLEP ........................................................................................................................................................ 77 8 ZUSAMMENFASUNG ............................................................................................................................. 83 5 8.1 EINLEITUNG.................................................................................................................................... 83 8.2 KOMMENTAR ALS TEXTSORTE .................................................................................................. 84 8.3 ARGUMENTATION......................................................................................................................... 86 8.4 STIL ..................................................................................................................................................
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