Festschrift 200 Jahre Kataster

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Festschrift 200 Jahre Kataster BEV - Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen BEV Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen See you: www.bev.gv.at Österreichisches Kulturgut 200 Jahre Kataster Impressum Medieninhaber und -hersteller: BEV - Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen Schiffamtsgasse 1-3 A - 1020 Wien [email protected] www.bev.gv.at Verlags- und Herstellungsort: Wien Erscheinungsdatum: Oktober 2017 Umschlag/Rückseite: BEV - Digitale Katastralmappe (DKM) mit Orthofoto Ausschnitt Taubenmarkt, Linz 200 Jahre Kataster Österreichisches Kulturgut 1817 - 2017 Dipl.-Ing. Wernher Hoffmann Präsident des BEV - Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen Vorwort des Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Eich- und Vermessungswesen □ Wernher Hoffmann Von seiner ursprünglichen Bedeutung her ist „ein Kataster“ eine systematische Sammlung von Dingen und Sachverhalten in Form von Listen und Verzeichnissen, die in einem spezi- fischen Themenbereich Ordnung schaffen und somit ermöglichen, schnell und zuverlässig auf aktuelle Informationen über diese Dinge und Sachverhalte zuzugreifen. Wenn in Österreich von „dem Kataster“ gesprochen wird, so ist damit der Grundstückskataster gemeint. Wer vom Kataster spricht, meint aber auch das Grundbuch und wer vom Grundbuch spricht, meint auch den Kataster! Diese zwei Register zusammen beantworten in Österreich für alle Interessierten eine wesentliche Frage: „Wer hat wo seit wann welches Recht an einem Stück Land, wie wurde es erworben und wie ist es abgegrenzt?“ Für die Beantwortung der wei- teren Frage: „Was darf mit diesem Stück Land getan werden, wozu darf es verwendet werden?“ ist die exakte räumliche Abgrenzung Grundvoraussetzung, womit der Kataster in Österreich in allen raumrelevanten Fragen unabdingbare Voraussetzung geworden ist! Ein solches System mit zuverlässigen, aktuellen Informationen vorzuhalten, bedarf der Zu- sammenarbeit vieler, der Vermessungsbehörden, der Zivilingenieure, der Notare und Rechts- anwälte, der Finanzbehörden, der Behörden und Dienststellen der Länder und Gemeinden, der Grundbuchsgerichte und anderer mehr. Der Wert des österreichischen Katasters liegt heute darin, dass VIELE ein System für ALLE zur Verfügung stellen, das individuelle Rechtssicher- heit, Standortsicherheit, nachhaltige kommunale, regionale und staatliche Planung, genaue Adressierung und vieles mehr für die Gesellschaft ermöglicht. Mit Stolz kann behauptet wer- den, dass der Kataster in Österreich in den Errungenschaften der Zivilisation in jener Liga an- gekommen ist, wo er durch seine technologisch zeitgemäße Verfügbarkeit von der Gesellschaft einfach als gegeben angenommen wird. Die Qualität und Bedeutung, die der österreichische Kataster heute hat, sind ohne die grund- legende Entscheidung des Jahres 1817 durch Kaiser Franz I. nicht erklärbar. Eine Kette von richtigen Entscheidungen, die auch nachhaltig umgesetzt wurden, hat die heutige Errungen- schaft erst ermöglicht! Für einen Geodäten besonders wichtig, stand ganz am Beginn die fundamentale Festlegung, dass zuerst ein Referenzsystem geschaffen werden musste und alle Detailvermessungen von Festpunkten, die von einer Triangulierung über das gesamte Staatsgebiet abgeleitet wurden, durchzuführen sind. Diese Arbeit vom großen Ganzen ins Detail ermöglichte dem Kataster erst sein langes Überleben. Die einmal vermessenen Grundstücke konnten somit ohne Neuver- messung durch mathematische Methoden in die nächste technologische Epoche übertragen werden. Der Kataster war somit anpassungsfähig. Obwohl für den ursprünglichen Zweck der Besteuerung der landwirtschaftlichen Grundstücke nicht notwendig, wurden alle Grundstücke erfasst und vermessen. Dadurch war der Kataster ein vollständiges Verzeichnis und ordnete jeden Quadratmeter Land einem Eigentümer zu. So- mit lieferte er eine ideale Voraussetzung für die Einrichtung eines allgemeinen Grundbuches. Eine ebenso wichtige Erkenntnis war, dass der Kataster für seine Verwendung auch aktu- ell gehalten werden muss. Dazu waren neben entsprechenden Verwaltungsstrukturen auch grundlegende Regeln notwendig, die im 19. Jahrhundert geschaffen wurden und letztendlich im Evidenzhaltungsgesetz ihren endgültigen Niederschlag fanden. Darin wurde auch erstmals die Mitarbeit der Ziviltechniker an der Fortführung des Katasters gesetzlich definiert . In späterer Folge sei auch noch das Liegenschaftsteilungsgesetz aus dem Jahr 1929 erwähnt, das die Rolle der Vermessungsbefugten definierte. Damit wurden die Ziviltechniker mit der Ur- kundserstellung bei Teilungen von Grundstücken im Verfahren vor dem Grundbuch betraut. Dies erwies sich langfristig als wesentlicher Faktor für Aktualität und ökonomische Stabilität. Mit dem Vermessungsgesetz 1968 wurde der Grundsteuerkataster um den Grenzkataster erweitert und somit die rechtlich herausragende Stellung der zuerst in der Natur verhandelten und dann vermessenen Grenze geschaffen. Durch eindeutige Koordinaten festgelegte Gren- zen, die rechtsgültig sind, sind eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Qualität von automati- onsunterstützten Entscheidungen im Zeitalter der Informationssysteme. Diese Festschrift beleuchtet sehr viele unterschiedliche Aspekte. Die Breite der Grußworte und Fachartikel von nationalen und internationalen Autoren aus Politik, Wissenschaft, Wirt- schaft und Verwaltung zeigt, dass der Kataster, so wie er sich heute in Österreich präsentiert, eine umfassende Bedeutung und einen hohen Status in der Gesellschaft hat. In den Artikeln werden die einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte eingehend beschrieben, vom Beginn vor 200 Jah- ren bis zur digitalen Welt der Informationssysteme von heute. Nutzer und Anwender beschrei- ben die Bedeutung des Katasters für ihren Aufgabenbereich ebenso wie jene Berufe, die einen maßgeblichen Beitrag zur Qualität und Aktualität des Katasters leisten. Aus dem internationa- len Umfeld kommen insbesondere auch die Nachfolgestaaten der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie zu Wort und zeigen, wie sich in ihren Ländern der Kataster weiterentwickelt hat. Bei den vielen Autorinnen und Autoren bedanke ich mich sehr herzlich für die interessanten und umfassenden Artikel und den interessierten Lesern wünsche ich viel Freude mit der vorlie- genden Festschrift. 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis Grußworte 15 Der Bundespräsident Alexander Van der Bellen 17 Grußwort des Herrn Bundesministers für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Harald Mahrer 19 Grußwort des Herrn Bundesministers für Finanzen Hans Jörg Schelling 21 200 Jahre Kataster – eine Geschichte von Erfolg und Innovation Rudolf Kolbe 23 Preface of the FIG President Chryssy Potsiou on the 200-years Anniversary of the Austrian Cadastre Chryssy Potsiou 25 200 Years of Cadastre in Austria – Congratulations from EuroGeographics Patricia Sokacova, Daniel Steudler 29 UNECE Working Party for Land Administration Salutes the Anniversary of the Austrian Cadastre – A Tribute to its Global Contribution Fredrik Zetterquist 33 Preface of the PCC President on the Occasion of the 200th Anniversary of the Austrian Cadastre Tambet Tiits Fachartikel 37 Kataster und Grundbuch im Kaisertum Österreich, Ausgangssituation und Entwicklung bis 1866 Kurt Scharr 53 Die erfolgreiche Entdeckung des Originals des Grundsteuerpatentes Heinz König 71 Vom System St. Stephan zum Globalen Positionierungssystem Erich Imrek, Walter Mück 85 Von der Messtischmappe zur digitalen Katastralmappe Rainer Feucht, Rupert Kugler, Franz Schönweiler 107 Von der Evidenzhaltung zur Führung des Katasters Julius Ernst, Karl Kast 8 121 Grundbuch und Kataster – Der Weg zur Grundstücksdatenbank Helmut Auer, Günther Auer, Volker Sturm 133 Vom „Steuerkataster“ über die „Veranschaulichung der Lage der Liegenschaften“ zum „Grenzkataster“ Martin Müller-Fembeck, Christoph Twaroch 143 Von der Ermittlung der wahren Fruchtbarkeit und des wirklichen Ertrages zur Bodenschätzung Ernst Brandstötter, Josef Wagner 157 Von der Seelenkonskription und Häusernummerierung zum Adressregister Gunther Rabl, Anton Tantner, Eva-Maria Unger 173 Aktuelle Situation des Katasters in Österreich aus der Sicht der Datenverarbeitung Wernher Hoffmann, Stefan Klotz, Ronald Krieglsteiner, Georg Topf Der Kataster in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 191 Immobilienmärkte aus Notenbanksicht Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald, Karin Wagner 197 Der Kataster und die Steuerverwaltung Johann Adametz 205 Grundbuch - Vorläufer in die digitale Aktenwelt der Justiz - Projekt Grundbuch Neu Martin Schneider, Manfred Buric 217 Sichere Planungsgrundlagen für eine flächendeckende Land- und Forstwirtschaft Michaela Schwaiger 219 Der Kataster in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft aus Sicht der Länder: Nutzen für den Staat, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Sicherung des Wirtschaftsstandortes Österreich Martin Seebacher 221 Kataster als Basis für Verwaltung und Infrastruktur Georg Rosner, Josef Wallner 225 Der Kataster in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft – Das Notariat Ludwig Bittner 229 Der Kataster in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Dieter Kollenprat 9 237 Räumliche Verortung von statistischen Daten – die Verwendung von Katasterdaten in der amtlichen Statistik von den Anfängen bis heute Sophie König 243 Katasterausbildung an der TU Graz Günther Abart 247 Katasterausbildung an der TU Wien Gerhard Navratil 251 Kataster auf Schiene Arnold Eder 255 Die Bedeutung und Verwendung des Katasters im ASFINAG-Konzern Roland Aigner, Peter Aubrecht, Andrea Rinnhofer 259 Der Kataster in der Bankenwirtschaft Michaela Steinacker 261 Österreichische Bundesforste: Modernes Grenzmanagement in der Natur Christian Mayr 265 Die Tradition des Vermessungswesens und der Einfluss des Katasters bei Esterházy Gottfried Holzschuh,
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