Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists
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Nordic Association NJF Report • Vol 9 • No 3 • 2013 of Agricultural Scientists NJF Seminar 461 Organic farming systems as a driver for change Bredsten, Denmark, 21-23 August 2013 Nordic Association NJF Report • Vol 9 • No 3 • 2013 of Agricultural Scientists NJF Seminar 461 Proceedings Organic farming systems as a driver for change Bredsten, Denmark, 21-23 August 2013 The seminar was organized in collaboration with EPOK – Centre for Organic Food and Farming at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and ICROFS – International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems ISSN 1653-2015 Editors Anne-Kristin Løes, Margrethe Askegaard, Vibeke Langer, Kirsi Partanen, Sirli Pehme, Ilse A. Rasmussen, Eva Salomon, Peter Sørensen, Karin Ullvén and Maria Wivstad We appreciate economic support for NJF seminar 461 from the Norwegian companies KIWI Norge AS, TINE and Nortura, with their organic brands TINE Økologisk and Gilde Økologisk. Table of contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Programme ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Societal and economic viability (Track 1) Organic Farming as an European innovation system ...................................................................... 15 Transition to renewable resources (Track 2) Energy balance comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems and potentials for the mitigation of fossil resource use ..................................................................................................... 19 Nutrient sufficiency and management in farming systems (Track 3) Long-term management of nutrients in organic farming – principles and practice ....................... 23 Productivity and sustainable production levels in animal and crop production (Track 4) Is agroecology the most sustainable approach for all organic farming systems? .......................... 27 Organic farming as a driver for the livelihood of small scale farmers? (Track 1) Co-operative or coyote? Producers' choice between intermediary purchasers and Fairtrade and organic co-operatives in Chiapas .................................................................................................... 31 Conversion to organic farming; experiences from Punjab and Uttarakhand ................................. 33 Productivity and growth in organic value chains in East Africa – potentials and challenges for accessing local high value markets .................................................................................................. 35 Organic production systems mitigating climate change (Track 2) How can organic agriculture contribute to long-term climate goals? ............................................ 37 Multispecies grasslands for crop productivity and carbon storage ................................................ 39 Nitrogen mineralization and greenhouse gas emissions after soil incorporation of ensiled and composted grass-clover as green manure ...................................................................................... 41 How can organic farming systems diminish the risk of nitrogen leaching? (Track 3) Agronomical and environmental performances of organic farming in the Seine watershed, France. 43 Nitrogen leaching from organic agriculture and conventional crop rotations ............................... 45 Management affects nitrate leaching from organic farms ............................................................. 47 Innovative strategies for sustainable plant nutrition (Track 3 poster workshop) Optimizing nitrogen utilization by ecological recycling agriculture (ERA) ...................................... 49 Contaminants in manure – a problem for organic farming?........................................................... 51 Ashes for organic farming ............................................................................................................... 53 The impact of conversion to ecological recycling agriculture (ERA) on farm nitrogen budgets and production levels ............................................................................................................................. 55 In crop rotation green manures as winter cover crops enhance ecosystem services of farming .. 57 3 Challenges in clover production – is the nitrogen well running dry? (Track 4) Clover fatigue – a reason for precaution in organic farming? ........................................................ 59 Plant Parasitic nematodes – problems related to clover and organic farming ............................... 61 Opportunities and limitations in use of clovers as N-source in organic farming systems in Norway 63 Improving the protein supply of animals (Track 4 poster workshop) Profitability of organic and conventional dairy production with different dietary proportions of high-quality grass silage .................................................................................................................. 65 Forage legume silage and cold-pressed rapeseed cake for dairy bull calves .................................. 67 Feeding value of red clover-grass, Persian clover and common vetch for pigs .............................. 69 Inclusion of mussel meal in diets to growing/finishing pigs ........................................................... 71 Feed intake and weight and body condition changes of 100% organically fed lactating sows ...... 73 Perennial weed control – emperor's new clothes? (Track 4 poster workshop) Control of perennial weeds based on weed biology and environmental considerations .............. 75 Resource effective control of Elymus repens .................................................................................. 77 Temperature effect on fructan storage and regeneration of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop) 79 Improved weed management in organic crop production ............................................................. 81 Organic consumption and standards as drivers for change (Track 1) Organic food prices and the consumer – a review of the evidence ................................................ 83 How can a private standard accelerate the development of organic production? ........................ 85 Transition to organic food in Danish public procurement: can a top-down approach capture the practice? .......................................................................................................................................... 87 Reserarch as a driver for change (Track 1 poster workshop) Importance of organic farming research in Sweden for innovations and increased sustainability in agriculture ................................................................................................................................... 89 The new tendencies in the scientific research of the organic food system in Finland ................... 91 Organic production and consumption in Norway – new knowledge through research and dissemination .................................................................................................................................. 93 Acquisition and transfer of knowledge within the organic sector in Iceland ................................. 95 Organic farming research in Estonia ............................................................................................... 97 15 years of research in organic food systems in Denmark – effects on the sector and society ..... 99 Opportunities of organic agriculture in Albania .............................................................................. 101 Fossil fuel free farming – is it possible? (Track 2) Organic farming without fossil fuels – life cycle assessment of two Swedish cases ....................... 103 Embedded energy in dairy stables .................................................................................................. 105 Self-sufficiency of fuels for tractive power in small-scale organic agriculture ............................... 107 4 Multifunctional use of farm resources – improved use of biogas digestate (Track 2 poster workshop) Strategic management of nitrogen within an organic cropping system using digestate from biogas production of recirculated crop residues ........................................................................................ 109 Biogas nutrient management in organic cropping – not only a nitrogen issue .............................. 111 Post-harvest sown catch crops – results from two years of organic field trials ............................. 113 Management of forb species mixtures for high biomass production ............................................. 115 Anaerobic digestion of manure – consequences for plant production .......................................... 117 Innovative strategies for sustainable plant nutrition (Track 3) Long-term changes in soil nutrients and grass/clover yields on Tingvoll farm ............................... 119 Estimating nitrogen supply and cereal crop yield in organic crop production ............................... 121 Development of phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities in soils of annual cropland and permanent grassland in an organic farm ........................................................................................ 123 Effects of applying anaerobically digested slurry on soil available organic C and microbiota ........ 125 Strategies for profitable