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Belgian National Report on Drugs 2014 New Developments and Trends

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Belgian National Report on Drugs 2014 New Developments and Trends Belgian National Report on drugs 2014 New Developments and Trends Scientific Institute Public Health (WIV-ISP) Operational Directorate Public Health and Surveillance Service Surveys, Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases Programme Drugs Julliette Wytsmanstreet 14 ∣ 1050 Brussels ∣ Belgium Public Health & Surveillance ∣ November 2014 ∣ Brussels, Belgium Editorial review: Lies Gremeaux – Head of the Belgian National Focal Point Editor: Els Plettinckx Authors: Belgian Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drugs Addiction (BMCDDA) – Programme Drugs Jerome Antoine Peter Blanckaert Karin De Ridder Lies Gremeaux Els Plettinckx External Experts Lucia Casero Fred Laudens Freya Vander Laenen Please use the following citation: Plettinckx, E., Antoine, J., Blanckaert, P., De Ridder, K., Vander Laenen, F., Laudens, F., Casero, L. & Gremeaux, L. (2014). Belgian National Report on drugs 2014, New Developments and Trends. WIV-ISP, Brussels. © WIV-ISP Responsible publisher: Dr. Johan Peeters Depotnummer of ISSN nummer: D/2014/2505/66 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wiv-isp.be EMCDDA Management Board Mr. Claude GILLARD, Legal adviser, Head of the Department of criminal law, general Direction of law of the Federal Public Service of Justice Mr. Vladimir MARTENS, Deputy Director General f.f., Administration of the French Community EMCDDA Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Brice DE RUYVER, Full Professor, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), University of Ghent Ministers involved in the global and integrated drug policy in Belgium 2013- 2014 For the Federal Government: Mr. Elio DI RUPO, Prime Minister. Mrs. Laurette ONKELINX, Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs, in charge of Beleris and the Federal Cultural Institutions. Mme. Joelle MILQUET, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior and Equal Opportunities. Mr. Didier REYNDERS, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and European Affairs. Mr. Steven VANACKERE, Vice-Prime Minister, and Minister of Finance and Sustainable Development, in charge of official affairs. Mr. Vincent VAN QUICKENBORNE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions. Mr. Johan VANDE LANOTTE, Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Consumers and North Sea. Mrs. Sabine LARUELLE, Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Self- employed persons and Agriculture. Mr. Pieter DE CREM, Minister of Defence. Mr. Paul MAGNETTE, Minister of Public Enterprise, Science Policy and Development Cooperation, in charge of Big Cities. Mrs. Annemie TURTELBOOM, Minister of Justice. Mr. Olivier CHASTEL, Minister for Budget and Simplification Mrs. Monica DE CONINCK, Minister of Work. Mr. Philippe COURARD, State Secretary for Social Affairs, Family, Persons with Disabilities, in charge of employment risks. Mr. Melchior WATHELET, State Secretary for environment, Energy, Mobility and State Reform. Mr. Servais VERHERSTRAETEN, State Secretary for State Reform, Facility Management, in charge of Official Affairs. Mrs. Maggie DE BLOCK, State Secretary for Asylum, Migration, Social Integration and Poverty Reduction Mr. Hendrik BOGAERT, State secretary for Official Affairs, Modernization of the Public Services. Mr. John COMBREZ, State Secretary for the fight against social and fiscal fraud. For the Walloon Region: Mr. Paul FURLAN, Minister of Local Authorities, Towns and Tourism. Mrs. Eliane TILLIEUX, Minister of Health, Social Action and Equal Opportunities. For the Federation Walloon-Brussels: Mrs. Fadila LAANAN, Minister for Culture, the Audiovisual Sector, Health and Equal Opportunities. For the Flemish Community and Flemish Region: Mr. Jo VANDEURZEN, Flemish Minister for Welfare, Public Health and Family. For the French Community: Mrs. Eliane Tillieux, Minister of Health, Social Action and Equal Opportunities. For the German-speaking Community: Mr. Harald MOLLERS, Minister of Family, Public Health and Social Affairs. For the Communal Community Commission: Mrs. Céline Fremault, Member of the Joint Board of the Common Community Commission (COCOM), responsible for Health and Civil Service Policy Mr. Guy Vanhengel, Member of the Combined College of the Common Community Commission (COCOM), responsible for Health Policy, Finance, Budget and Foreign Relations. For the French Community Commission: Mrs. Céline Fremault, Member of the board of the French Community Commission (COCOF), responsible for Civil Service, Health policy and Vocational Training for the Self-Employed General introduction The Programme Drugs is located within the Scientific Institute of Public Health and is the national partner of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). As National Focal Point, the Programme Drugs (also known as BMCDDA) aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of illegal drugs and drug addiction in Belgium through this annual report. The structure and the content of this report are pre-determined by the EMCDDA to facilitate the comparison with similar reports published by other European member states, Turkey or Norway. Each chapter of this report documents the latest developments that have not been included in previous annual reports. In general, assembled data of 2013 or the first half of 2014 and observed trends over the past years are described. Within this report, illegal drugs are considered as substances which are controlled by VN, EU or national legislation and which can only be used in specific circumstances. As tobacco and alcohol are not part of our mission, these substances are not systematically reported. Since health policy is a federate jurisdiction in Belgium, the focus and actions concerning illegal drugs might differ among the Belgian Communities and regions. Therefore, the cooperation with regional partner organisations - the sub-focal points Eurotox, SPZ, VAD and PFCSM-OPGG - of respectively the French, German and Flemish Community as well as the Brussels-Capital Region, is a vital element in the collection of national drug-related data. These regional partners guarantee the assembly of information in their respective Community or region. Nevertheless, each of them has a different background. Consequently, the Programme Drugs clusters all drug-related information and initiatives in order to reach a national overview of the illegal drug situation in Belgium. Table of Content Summary ................................................................................................................................................ I Chapter 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis ........................................ 1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Legal framework ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Adaptation of the Belgian Drug law of 1921 ................................................................. 3 3. National action plan, strategy, evaluation and coordination .............................................. 4 3.1. National action plan and/or strategy .............................................................................. 4 3.2. Evaluation of the federal drug policy ............................................................................. 7 3.3. Coordination arrangements .......................................................................................... 10 4. Challenges and opportunities ............................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2. Drug use in the general population and specific targeted groups ........................... 18 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 18 2. Drug use in the general population ...................................................................................... 19 3. Drug use in the school and youth population ..................................................................... 19 3.1. Drug use among Belgian secondary school students .............................................. 19 3.2. Drug use among Flemish university and university college students .................... 22 3.3. European study on young people and drugs ............................................................. 25 4. Drug use among targeted groups/settings at national and local level ........................... 27 4.1. Drug use in recreational settings in Belgium .............................................................. 27 5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 3. Prevention ........................................................................................................................ 32 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 32 2. Universal prevention .............................................................................................................. 34 2.1. School .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.2. Family ............................................................................................................................... 38 2.3. Community .....................................................................................................................
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