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Application of Horizontal Well Completion Techniques To Application of Horizontal Well Completion Techniques to Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Final Report October 2015 — September 2016 Alfred Eustes, Azra Tutuncu, Reed Baker, Xiexiaomeng (Jack) Hu, and Jeffrey Olson Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado NREL Technical Monitor: Chad Augustine Prepared under Subcontract No. UGA-0-41025-88 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Subcontract Report NREL/SR-6A20-71201 August 2018 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Application of Horizontal Well Completion Techniques to Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Final Report October 2015 — September 2016 Alfred Eustes, Azra Tutuncu, Reed Baker, Xiexiaomeng (Jack) Hu, and Jeffrey Olson Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado NREL Technical Monitor: Chad Augustine Prepared under Subcontract No. UGA-0-41025-88 Suggested Citation Eustes, Alfred, Azra Tutuncu, Reed Baker, Xiexiaomeng (Jack) Hu, and Jeffrey Olson. 2018. Application of Horizontal Well Completion Techniques to Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Final Report: October 2015 — September 2016. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/SR-6A20-71201. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71201.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/SR-6A20-71201 Golden, CO 80401 August 2018 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (left to right) NREL 26173, NREL 18302, NREL 19758, NREL 29642, NREL 19795. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. List of Acronyms 2-D two-dimensional 3-D three-dimensional API American Petroleum Institute bpd barrels per day CRA corrosion-resistant alloy CSM Colorado School of Mines CT coiled tubing DFN discrete fracture network DOE U.S. Department of Energy EGS enhanced geothermal system ESP electric submersible pump FY fiscal year GGBFS ground granulated blast furnace slag HDR hot dry rock HF hydraulically induced fracture HPHT high-pressure high-temperature ID inner diameter MWe megawatts electricity NF natural fracture NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory NRP non-rotating protector ppf pounds per foot SAGD steam-assisted gravity drainage UFM Unconventional Fracture Model iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vii Summary ................................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Gas and Oil Technologies Applicable to Geothermal Setting ................................................................ 1 Focus of this Study ................................................................................................................................. 2 Objectives of this Study ......................................................................................................................... 3 Conceptual Model of the EGS ................................................................................................................ 3 Enhanced Geothermal System Requirements and Modeling ................................................................. 6 Completion Requirements and Assumptions ......................................................................................... 6 Summary of EGS and Well Assumptions and Requirements ................................................................ 7 Wellbore Construction ........................................................................................................................... 9 Injection Well Specifications ........................................................................................................ 9 Production Well Specifications ................................................................................................... 10 Casing Design ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Material Properties ...................................................................................................................... 12 Yield Point................................................................................................................................... 12 Modulus of Elasticity .................................................................................................................. 13 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion .............................................................................................. 13 Casing under Thermal Cycling Conditions ................................................................................. 15 Burst and Collapse Pressures ...................................................................................................... 16 Casing Connections or Couplers ................................................................................................. 16 Finite-Element Modeling of Axial Loading of Proposed Casing Designs .................................. 17 Casing Wear Resistance .............................................................................................................. 20 Cementing ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Corrosion Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 23 Injection Well Completion Techniques ................................................................................................... 24 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Plug-and-Perf Design ........................................................................................................................... 24 Sand-and-Perf Design ........................................................................................................................... 26 Packer-and-Port Design ........................................................................................................................ 28 Currently Available Completion Components ..................................................................................... 31 Stimulation and Perforation Considerations ......................................................................................... 31 Production Well Completion Techniques ............................................................................................... 33 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 33 Open Hole ................................................................................................................................... 33 Hydraulic Isolation Techniques ................................................................................................... 33 Fracture Connectivity (Frac Hits) ......................................................................................................... 34 Fracture Creation Modeling ..................................................................................................................... 36 Heat and Mass Flow inside EGS .......................................................................................................... 36 Conceptual Design for EGS Solution ................................................................................................... 37 EGS Model Design ............................................................................................................................... 38 Complex Fracture Network
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