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Download the Publication Development & Restoration of Dar Al Aytam Al Islamiyya Complex Old City of Jerusalem Part I: “Historical & Architectural Development of the Complex” Prepared by Dr. Yusuf Natsheh Director of the Department of Tourism and Archaeology Department of Al Awqaf Al Islamiyyah- Jerusalem Based on SDr. Yusuf Natsheh Ph.D. dissertation Published by the Technical Office - Old City of Jerusalem Revitalisation Programme Part II: “The Project : The Restoration and Adaptive Reuse of Dar Al Aytam Al Islamiyya Complex” Copyright - Welfare Association ©2011 Copyright - Welfare Association ©201 Prepared by Dr. Shadia Touqan Director of Technical Office for the Old City of Jerusalem Revitalisation Programme - Welfare Association Based on records and drawings of Technical Office - Welfare Association Design & Printing: BAILASAN This book was published as part of the efforts of the Technical Office for the Old City of Jerusalem Revitalisation Programme-- Welfare Association to establish an Institute for Preservation of Architectural Heritage in [email protected] Jerusalem, in partnership between Welfare Association and UNESCO, and funded by the European Commission. Contents Part I: Historical & Architectural Development Part II: The Project ................................................... 98 of the Complex ................................................................ 08 Introduction ................................................................. 101 Preface ................................................................................. 10 1. Project Background .............................................. 102 CHAPTER I: Dar al-Sitt Tunshuq al-Muzaffariyya ... 16 2. Project Philosophy ................................................ 106 1.1 Preliminary information on the building ......... 17 1.2 The historic section .................................................. 18 3. Project Objectives ................................................. 108 1.3 Architectural Section - Description of Dar al-Sitt & architectural analysis ............................. 20 4. Project Components ............................................ 109 CHAPTER II: al-Madrsa al-Mawardiyya ..................... 34 5. Implementation Methodology ......................... 110 2.1 Preliminary information on the building ......... 35 6. Project Implementation ...................................... 112 2.2 Historical section ...................................................... 37 2.3 Architectural Description ...................................... 38 7. Lessons Learnt ........................................................ 130 CHAPTER III: Ribat Bairam Jawish .............................. 46 Conclusion ................................................................... 131 3.1 Preliminary information on the building ......... 47 Project photos ............................................................. 134 3.2 The historic study ..................................................... 48 3.3 Architectural Description ....................................... 51 Project plans ................................................................ 152 CHAPTER IV: al-Imara al-Amira .................................... 56 4.1 Preliminary information on the building ......... 57 4.2 Historic section .......................................................... 58 List of technical and idiomatic words ............ 176 4.3 A description and architectural analysis of al-Imara al-Amira ..................................................... 64 The list of sources and references ................... 178 Conclusion ......................................................................... 76 Project Experts ......................................................... 180 Shapes ................................................................................. 80 Donors .......................................................................... 180 Development & Restoration of Dar Al Aytam Al Islamiyya Introduction Despite the importance of this architectural complex2 what has been published about it in Arabic is not proportionate with its importance, and the little information available in Arabic about this complex, which mostly revolves around duplicated historical information which has been extracted many times from the Jerusalem, a city which has been continuously habituated since its foundation throughout its long endowment of al-Imara al-Amira without new information or architectural analysis. history, like other cities, has formed a dynamic social and cultural heritage memory for its population. The city of Jerusalem was characterized from other historical and religious cities as being sacred to the What was undertaken recently3 is either three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This is not found in ancient or current cities as the majority of religious cities are specific to one religion. 1. Not published or 2. Only briefly describes the architecture without trying to discuss history or analyze the sections of the In fact, the religious status of Jerusalem has overshadowed other aspects: while the city's architectural complex. Authentic sources were not relied on to follow historical information, but the availability of characteristic had key developments, and has many buildings of heritage, most efforts were concentrated information in the folds of secondary references, especially the writings of the late Kamel al-Asali4. on studying religious monuments, therefore most studies were on buildings of worship like synagogues, Therefore, there were many instances of errors and confusion about the sections of the compound. churches, mosques, schools and institutions directly or indirectly related to its religious status. 3. It was a brief study originally developed as a prelude to physical and mechanical studies. Perhaps this explains the lack of studies in secular and social aspects. To date, for example, and despite its What is available and written in English, is limited to what Burgoyne5 wrote on Dar al-Sitt Tunshuq and importance and stature, there is no comprehensive study on the ancient Wall of Jerusalem, nor was there what was written about al-Imara al-Amira lately is limited and available for a few interested observers6. a serious study to examine the residential buildings, which harbored the inhabitants of Jerusalem through Therefore, the publication of a historical, architectural study in Arabic, will work first to fill a gap in the the ages, and this applies to some extent to the city's markets, and many of its non-religious private facilities. library of Jerusalem's architecture, and will form the basis of focused information about the history, To bridge the gabp, and out of a desire to increase some modest knowledge of the buildings of Jerusalem, components and elements of this complex and act as role model that will help to clarify the scientific and the Dar al-Itam al-Islamiyya was chosen to be the subject of this book.1 academic steps that have been undertaken to implement the ambitious project to rehabilitate and restore this complex by the Welfare Association in cooperation with the Department of Islamic Waqf in Jerusalem. Dar al-Itam consists of two parts: industrial and academic. In terms of architectural history it is composed of four buildings: two for the industrial section - Dar al-Sitt Tunshuq and al-Imara al-Amira, and two in the This complex is of great importance in the past and present, and there is promising potential for its academic department – al-Mawardiyya School and ribat Bairam Jawish. This is however not conclusive. exploitation, commensurate with the needs of the people of the Old City of Jerusalem, and in line with its architectural heritage. This makes it worthy of detailed study, covering the historical and architectural Dar al-Itam al-Islamiyya has great importance and on several levels: on the architectural level, it includes aspects in addition to the methodology in restoration applied to in the recent campaign undertaken by the buildings dating to the Mamluk, early and late Ottoman periods, representing varied Islamic architecture. Welfare Association in cooperation with the Department of Islamic Waqf in Jerusalem. Dar al-Sitt Tunshuq is a unique example of Mamluk architecture of Jerusalem, unrivaled in the architecture of Jerusalem, not only in terms of planning, but also in its rich architectural and decorative elements. In response to these objectives, the study includes two broad categories: the first includes the Introduction and four chapters and a conclusion and a list of technical terms and the major sources and references. The al-Imara al-Amira, as well, has no equivalent in terms of size or architectural design or decorative elements second part reviews the efforts and steps, work, rehabilitation and restoration methodology applied by the representative of the Ottoman architecture in the 16th century, or even in terms of richness. Welfare Association, which has been named here as The Project. It is important to note that both buildings were constructed thanks to the efforts of women: the first as the In conclusion, the authors sincerely hope that the study achieves its desired objectives, and contribute to name signifies, by Lady Tunshuq al-Muzaffariyya , while al-Imara al-Amira was founded by Khassaki Sultan, the development of awareness of the architectural heritage of Jerusalem, and to be a historic manuscript wife of Sultan Sulaiman the Magnificent. They are, therefore, good examples of buildings which were
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