QuALIty EdGE roofer’s Guide

A quick reference guide to roofi ng basics and how to install Quality Edge roof accessories. Introduction

Quality Edge elevates match or complement your roof to give the roof a totally color roofing to a new level coordinated look– see the full color collection at the back of As a professional roofer, you this guide. can count on Quality Edge for innovative roofing accessories that make all the difference in Introducing the the finished job. Quality Edge is Roofer’s Pocket Guide an industry leader in metallurgy and high performance alloys. We’ve brought together a wealth No other manufacturer offers of information on how to install you a more extensive line of roof Quality Edge roofing products and accessories. All made of premium ensure a high-quality roofing job. quality aluminum and steel, and From the basics of shingling to all designed to enhance the roof’s the finishing touches, it’s all here. performance. It’s all about helping you build a better roof, and raise your level of knowledge at the same time.

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Gaining the edge on the roofing market Introduction 1 TABLE OF Contents PAGE PAGE Flashing Gutters The Importance of Roof Flashing...... 4 How to Install Gutters...... 41 Perimeter Edge (Drip Edge) Flashing...... 5 How to Install Gutter Protection...... 47 Porch Flashing...... 7 Chimney Flashing...... 9 Roofing Guidelines Dormer Flashing...... 15 Getting Started...... 59 Skylight Flashing...... 16 Preparing the Deck (Underlayment)...... 63 Step Flashing...... 17 How to Install Shingles...... 71 Drip Edge Flashes Fascia...... 20 How to Install 3 Tab Shingles...... 77 Drip Edge Flashes Gutter...... 21 How to Install Hips and Ridges...... 80 How to Install Metric Shingles...... 82 Ventilation How to Flash Soil Stacks and Vent Pipes...... 85 The Need for Ventilation...... 22 Soffit Ventilation...... 30 Appendix How to Install Quality Edge TruVent Soffit...... 31 Common Roofing Terms...... 87 Contacts...... 89 Valleys Why Metal Valleys are Preferred...... 37 How to Install Valleys...... 39

Contents 2 Contents 3 Flashing FLA S HI N G The Importance of roof Perimeter Edge Flashing (Drip Edge) Flashing

The most likely place for a leak to All flashing systems should be Experts agree that metal drip develop is anywhere the roof joins reviewed by installers with an edge is the ideal way to keep with walls and chimneys. To help eye to local weather extremes. water away from roof edges. Drip prevent leaks, corrosion-resistant The best backup security for edge is installed along the roof metal flashing is typically applied. flashing systems at this time is rakes and eaves to shed water Metal flashing is very effective, the presence of waterproofing away from the edge. It flashes the and when properly installed, can shingle underlayment beneath natural point of separation where help accommodate roof, chimney, it. However, local experience the roof deck, fascia and rafter wall, or structural movements may call for other flashing tail meet. due to settling, expansion, and modifications to withstand contraction. weather-related conditions. The roof deck is most vulnerable to leaks where it meets a vertical caulks, and sealants; and flexible Roof flashing works like shingles Flashing typically consists of: wall, at penetration sites such sheets such as waterproofing – it overlaps and sheds water. “step” flashing which is attached as a soil pipe or chimney, or at shingle underlayment. At hips Flashing is constructed in a to the roof, “cap” flashing which changes in slope such as at a and ridges the cap shingles, not system to work with the effect is attached to the chimney or a valley, saddle, mansard, hip, or normally called flashing, serve the of gravity. When correctly wall , “drip edge” flashing and ridge. This vulnerability is due to: same function. Leaks are most designed and installed, it can only “valley” flashing. Step flashing is likely to originate at a flashing be defeated by water running sometimes called “base flashing” • Deferential movements, that has failed or was improperly uphill – which can happen in the and cap flashing is sometimes (e.g. the roof deck moves but installed. presence of snow, ice or wind- called “counter flashing”. Often, the chimney does not). driven rain. exterior wall siding serves as cap Corrosion-resistant metal flashing flashing. • An accumulation of turbulent (aluminum or galvanized steel) is water (e.g. in valleys and on the ideal flashing since it offers the high side of chimneys). long-lasting performance and can • An accumulation of melting withstand structural movements snow or ice (e.g. in valleys and as the result of settling, expansion on the high side of chimneys). and contraction. • Breaks in overlapped shingles Quality Edge Drip Edge comes in (e.g. at hips and ridges). over 60 profiles including: ‑T style, C-style, Crown Drip Edge, Siders Flashing is installed at these Edge, Open Drip Edge, Gutter locations to bridge adjoining Apron, Asphalt Drip and Gravel structures and prevent water Stop. Many drip edge profiles are penetration. Flashing materials offered Hemmed and in 10' and include sheet metal; cements, 12' lengths.

The importance of roof flashing 4 Perimeter edge flashing 5 FLA S HI N G

Roof Deck Porch Flashing

how to flash against 2. The metal flashing strip should vertical front walls be bent, using a metal brake, Rafter Tail to extend at least 2" up the To apply base flashing against a vertical wall and at least 3" The result of "NO" perimeter vertical front wall: onto the last shingle course; edge flashing that is, to the top of the cutout. 1. Apply the shingles up the Fascia roof until a course must be 3. Apply the metal flashing, trimmed to fit at the base of which can be 8' to 10' in the vertical wall. By planning length, over the last course ahead you can adjust the of shingles. Embed the View of a 4,000 sq. ft. custom home from inside the attic. exposure slightly (and evenly) metal flashing in asphalt in the previous courses, so roofing cement, or another that the last shingle is at least appropriate adhesive, and nail 8" (vertically) wide. This allows it to the roof every 12". Nail the a minimum 5" exposure of the strip to the wall, not the roof How To Install top course and a 3" headlap. deck. Drip Edge 1. drip Edge should extend 2½" minimum back from the roof Drip-edge flashing over underlayment Adhere shingles trimmed along rakes Siding edges to provide a suitable to cover flashing strip Drip-edge flashing surface for water runoff. Trim and bend in below underlayment to form closure along eave edges 2. Nail one in the middle and at corner Nail flashing strip over cutouts one on each end of a 10' in course below piece (approximately every Top course at 5') as overnailing can cause least 8" wide buckling. 2" min. For severe 3. on rakes: install drip edge on top of the underlayment weather conditions 3" min. to stop wind-driven rain from In extreme ice dam areas: getting underneath. Leave gap similar A good option is to install to cutout 4. on eaves: install drip edge waterproof underlayments under below the underlayment so the drip edge and down the Asphalt plastic cement the water will shed efficiently fascia at the eave. Make sure the Front wall flashing. off the roof if it gets under the waterproof underlayment is not shingles. exposed to the sun.

How to install drip edge 6 How to install porch flashing 7 FLA S HI N G

4. if side laps are necessary, 6. Next, if there is siding, bring it overlap the pieces at least 6". down over the vertical part of Chimney Flashing Do not fasten in this joint area. the step flashing to serve as cap flashing. Do not nail the 5. Apply an additional row siding into the vertical flashing. Because chimneys are usually integrity of the flashing that of shingles over the metal built on an independent will be installed because it flashing strip, trimmed to 7. if the vertical front wall foundation that is separated from prevents the build-up of ice match the vertical width of meets a sidewall, as in the main house foundation, the and snow at the rear of the the metal flashing strip on dormer construction, cut chimney can move independently chimney and diverts water the shingle surface. Fasten the front flashing so that it of the rest of the house. To allow runoff around the chimney. shingles with face nails sealed extends at least 7" around the for chimney/deck movement, It also prevents water from over with a small dab of corner. Then continue up the the base flashing is secured “ponding” and backing up roofing cement. sidewall with step flashing to the roof deck and counter under the shingles during as described earlier. A good or cap flashing is secured to winter freeze/thaw periods. quality caulk, or asphalt the chimney. When movement roofing cement, may be useful occurs, the step-cap flashing The cricket should be in place to fully seal behind corner, if system will act as a moveable before roofing installation they will not be soldered. joint. begins because all roofing materials, from the felt In moderate to severe climates underlayment to the roofing that experience heavy snow, ice shingles, are applied over or high winds, waterproofing it. A cricket consists of two shingle underlayment is triangular sections of plywood recommended for installation joined to form a level ridge that around the base of the chimney. extends from the centerline of the chimney back to the roof 1. Prime the masonry surfaces deck. and run the waterproofing underlayment up the sidewall 3" or 4". It is a flexible material Underlayment that will accommodate the differential movement of

End shingles tilted Dormer chimney and deck. and flashed against dormer under eaves 2. for chimneys projecting through the roof surface, we recommend that a “cricket”

Shingles be installed at the intersection applied on main roof up to lower of the uppermost face of the end of valley Cricket Front/sidewall flashing. Step flashing chimney and the roof deck. The cricket, sometimes called Deck a wood saddle, is an important element in preserving the Chimney through the roof deck.

How to install porch flashing 8 How to install chimney flashing 9 FLA S HI N G

Coat of Asphalt Primer Nail the sections to the deck HOW TO DO Cap Flashing 3. finally, bend the flashing down and to each other along their to cover the base flashing, or Asphalt Cricket Roofing meeting edge, customizing as Cap flashing techniques will vary pre-bend it so it will lie snugly Cement necessary to get a tight fit. with the type of chimney finish, against the masonry. such as stucco or brick. crickets are recommended 4. use one continuous piece of when a chimney is wider than 1. in general, for positive cap flashing on the lowermost Nail Flooring 24", the roof pitch is 6/12 or exclusion of water from and uppermost sides of the to Deck greater, and where snow and the chimney joint, begin by chimney. On the sides of the Corner Flashing ice accumulations are likely. setting the metal cap flashing, chimney, use several pieces of Laps Step Flashing typically copper, aluminum, or similar-sized flashing, trimming 3. Apply shingles up to the front Applying corner flashing. galvanized, into the brickwork. each to fit the particular vertical edge of the chimney. This is done by cutting out a location of brick joint and roof Apply base flashing against mortar joint to a depth of 1½" pitch. Start the side units at the front vertical wall. Apply and inserting the bent edge of the lowest point and overlap step flashing to the side and the flashing into the cleared each at least 3" side-to-side. If back walls as described joint. the sides of the chimney have previously for side walls. continuous surface, such as 2. once in place and being under a stucco finished chimney, a slight amount of spring use a continuous piece of cap tension, the flashing cannot flashing. be dislodged easily. Refill the joint with Portland cement mortar, silicone, caulk, or use a soft metal wedge and polyurethane sealant. Asphalt Coat of Asphalt Primer flooring Cap Flashing

cement

Underlayment

Base Flashing Applied Over Shingles and Set in Roofing Cement Chimney base flashing application. Through-wall metal counter flashing Applying cap flashing. embedded in masonry. Masonry Chimney Continuous Counter Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint Step Flashing Shingles Ice and Water Shield

How to install chimney flashing 10 How to install chimney flashing 11 FLA S HI N G

5. if a cricket is not used, the back a minimum of 2" from HOW TO DO CONTINUOUS which can lead to water leaks vertical sidewall base flashing the chimney vertical flashing COUNTER FLASHING along the vertical joints in high should be pre-bent and extend bend and set in asphalt plastic wind or permit the entry of wind- up the chimney at least 6" and cement. This 2" setback This optional counter flashing driven, fine grained snow. With up the roof deck at least 18", allows quick water drainage, technique uses a continuous continuous counter flashing, the with appropriately formed prevents water from working metal piece instead of the typical apron flashing is continuous over sides and corners. The first up under the shingles, and (stepped) counter flashing along the shingles and up the masonry course of shingle material promotes natural cleaning of the side of a chimney or wall with wall. The vertical wall portion to cross the roof deck on debris from the high side of the mortar joints. It is an alternative is then covered with counter the uppermost side of the chimney. to stepped counter flashing, flashing. chimney should be trimmed

Block, Brick or Min. 4" Concrete Masonry Plus 1" Depth into groove or Urethane/Masonry reglet plus Caulk 3/8" - 1/2" hem lock

Groove or Reglet 2" Min. cut (Min. 1") 3" Min. around wall Step Flashing Reverse Fold of in most cases Backer Flashing 3/8" - 1/2" to act 2" longer than as spring loaded shingle exposure Optional: Hem Lock Turned-In Step or Soldered to Close Step Flashing under/over 6" (152 mm) Width of Corners shingles Min. Chimney 4" Min. Self-Tapping Stainless Steel Screw set in plastic or Fiber Anchor with caulk Min. Pinch Bend at lower edge 8" (203 mm) Apron Flashing of Counter Flashing

Reglet Reglet Counter Apply Sealant Hem Flashing Bead Here

Turned Up Suggested Stainless 24" (610 mm) Steel Screw 16" (457 mm) Min. Step Plastic or Flashing Fiber Anchor Example of sheet metal back flashing from upslope portion of masonry chimney. Masonry Masonry Wall Wall 3/4"

Decking Decking

Continuous counter flashing against Masonry chimneys and walls.

How to install chimney flashing 12 How to install chimney flashing 13 FLA S HI N G

BEFORE CUTTING IN FORMING THE METAL THE “REGLET” CONTINUOUS COUNTER Dormer Flashing 1. mount a guide or ledger on the FLASHING, PAY PARTICULAR side of the chimney or wall to ATTENTION TO: HOW to do DORMER HOW TO DO SINGLE be cut. 3 • The reverse fold ⁄8" to ½", flashing PITCH RIDGE FLASHING 2. With a dry masonry or which will act as a spring- The junction of a dormer with a Occasionally, shingles are diamond wheel on a circular loaded hem lock in the groove. sloping roof requires a base or installed on a single pitch ridge. saw or grinder, cut a groove • The depth of the metal into the apron flashing below the window The figure below illustrates how (also known as a “reglet” or groove. sill. The figures below illustrate to finish off flashing on a single “raggle”) in a straight line the two systems that are usually pitch ridge. parallel to the roof slope. The • The pinch bend, which will encountered. groove should be a minimum ensure a tight fit against step of 1" deep into the masonry flashing and add rigidity to (1¼" to 1½" is preferred). continuous metal counter Glass flashing. 3. Apply shingles and step flashing to the roof at the joint 1. run a bead of sealant or with the masonry chimney or caulking into the reglet prior to wall. Pay particular attention installing the counter flashing. to any metal corner bends and Choose a sealant/caulking that joints. is specifically designed for use with masonry. Urethane-based 4. choose the appropriate length materials are well-suited for 4" (102 mm) Min. and width dimensions of metal masonry/metal applications. to be used for continuous counter flashing. Plan 2. set the continuous metal Topping flashing on a single pitch ridge. your sequence of bends in flashing into the reglet with the advance, and form the metal. pre-applied sealant/caulkGlass and A metal brake is preferred for allow to cure. After this sets accurate bends. Also, don’t up, run a final bead of sealant/ forget to allow extra length caulk on the exposed area of to accommodate each bend the reglet to seal the metal-to- (obviously, this depends on the masonry joint. thickness of the metal used).

Two examples of base flashing below the window sill of a dormer.

How to install chimney flashing 14 How to install dormer flashing 15 FLA S HI N G Skylight Flashing Step Flashing

HOW TO DO curb. An apron flashing with a How to Flash The following minimums apply for SKYLIGHT FLASHING hemmed lower edge is installed Against a Sidewall most shingles: on the base. Step flashing is Many skylight designs are being installed on the sides; base There are three things to keep • The width of the step flashing sold. Most provide their own flashing is installed upslope, in mind when installing flashing. on the deck must be at least 3" instructions for flashing the curb holding one course of shingles First, don’t fasten the cap or wide. on which the skylight is mounted. away from the curb to encourage counter flashing to the roof deck The skylight curb is flashed much rain to wash away dirt and debris. or to the step flashing, since they • The height of the step flashing like a chimney. Install adhered The skylight itself provides the move independently of each other installed against the vertical waterproofing underlayment counter flashing or cap. to accommodate any structural surface must be at least 2" around the entire deck and bring movement. high. the underlayment up onto the Second, each metal step flashing • For a step flashing application, piece (sometimes called a the pieces of flashing must flashing shingle) is to be placed overlap each other by at least Backer Flashing extends 2". up slope under shingles a slightly up the roof from where min. of 3 courses. (Where the exposed edge of the next • The length of the step flashing deemed necessary hold overlapping shingle will be pieces depends on the type of shingles up 1 course located (that’s why it’s called and nail high, depending shingles being applied. upon anticipated debris step flashing). This will help keep and/or snow accumulation.) the flashing out of sight while maintaining a water-tight fit.

Skylight Third, the material used for step flashing must be corrosion Integral Counter Flashing with resistant. Hemmed Drip Edge Counter Flashing laps over base and Step Flashing approx. 2" (51 mm) Min. Waterproofing Underlayment Apron Flashing with lower turned up curb edge hemmed under Step Flashing Raised Curb (2" x 8" [51 mm x 203 mm] suggested as min. to attain flashing clearances)

Basic sheet metal components used at skylight.

How to install skylight flashing 16 How to install step flashing 17 FLA S HI N G

NOTE: As a general rule of thumb, recommends that step flashing be How to Flash Against A 4. Position the second step the minimum length of flashing 5" high and 5" wide, while NRCA Vertical Sidewall flashing piece over the first- should be 2" more than the recommends that step flashing course shingle and against shingle exposure. For instance, be 4" high by 4" wide. However, 1. When installing step flashing the wall, 5" up from the bottom metric shingles installed with a a minimum requirement of 2" x 3" against a vertical sidewall), edge of the first-course 5 5 ⁄8" exposure require flashing provides full protection against place the first flashing piece shingle. This will permit the tab 5 of at least 7 ⁄8" in length. ARMA normal water back-up. over the end of the starter of the shingle in the second strip and, finally, position it so course to cover it completely. that when the tab of the end As before, only fasten that shingle in the first course is part of the step flashing piece applied, the flashing will be which sits on the roof. covered completely. 5. step flashing fastener(s) 2. fasten the part which sits on should be placed in the the roof with one nail. uppermost 2" area of the step flashing piece, to avoid leaks. Underlayment run 3" to 3. Next, apply the first-course 4" up onto sidewall Nail flashing to roof shingles up to the wall. 6. continue up the roof or sidewall area in a similar manner until complete.

2" overlap

7"

5"

5" Sidewalls 3“ 2“ overlap min Fasten Flashing Brick to Roof Re-mortar Sidewall step flashing. or Caulk Joint See Cap Sidewall step flashing. Masonry Chimney Chart Flashing Continuous Counter Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint Step Step Flashing Shingles Flashing Shingles 2“ Ice and min Water Shield

How to install step flashing 18 How to install step flashing 19 FLA S HI N G drip edge flashes Fascia Drip Edge flashes Gutter

Fascia goes behind Underlayment Underlayment laps drip edge the drip edge. laps drip edge Drip edge laps gutter • It sheds water over the top of the fascia. Gutter Apron Drip edge • It allows for proper installation laps gutter of fascia. • Without drip edge, fascia needs to be face nailed which causes buckling and oil canning.

Fascia goes behind drip edge • Gutter goes behind the drip • Without drip edge, water will edge (or gutter apron). get behind the gutter and promote rot and mold.

Drip edge flashes fascia 20 Drip edge flashes gutter 21 ventilation The ventilation area should be the need for ventilation divided 50/50 between high and low vents (preferably soffit and ridge vents).

What is ventilation? Ventilation rids the attic of excess VE NT ILA moisture: Since these specifications were Ventilation ensures a continuous written before today's concerns supply of air through the attic • dampness contributes to mold for energy conservation and space. and mildew growth which can resulting trends towards tighter lead to major health problems T I ON It consists of 50% intake under the house construction, they may not be sufficient for every structure. eaves and 50% exhaust near or at • condensation can damage the peak of the roof. Always check the manufacturer’s wood, plaster, paint and recommendations for proper use insulation The exhaust must be at least 3' of ventilating systems and vapor higher than the intake system. In winter, ventilation helps to keep retarders. the roof uniformly cold to prevent ice damming. Why ventilation is By ventilating, you are preventing essential to prevent moisture problems and extending heat build-up the life of shingles, insulation and Exhaust In summer, ventilation reduces other building components. attic temperatures by as much as 30°F – extending shingle life and reducing energy bills. NFVA 3 ft. Minimum You will find that most codes Heat in an unventilated attic can cause temperatures to exceed will specify a net-free vent area 150°F, causing damage to the (NFVA) of: shingles and roof sheathing and • 1 sq. ft. for each 150 sq. ft. of possibly radiating to the living ceiling area (if the ceiling has Intake Intake area. no vapor retarder). "Proper ventilation" consists of 50% intake under the eaves, and 50% exhaust near • 1 sq. ft. for each 300 sq. ft. of or at the roof peak, at least 3 feet higher than the intake system. ceiling area (if the ceiling has a vapor retarder).

The need for ventilation 22 The need for ventilation 23 Ventilation: the the heat from directly below the In the winter, again in a house ICE DAMS roof deck. Proper attic ventilation with poor ventilation, moist, Vital Factor in Roof is the best way to achieve this warm air from the lower portions Another winter problem objective and is therefore a key of the home will tend to rise caused by poor ventilation is the formation of ice dams. Ice Performance component of the shingle roof through the ceiling area into VE NT ILA system. the attic, especially through dams form in cooler climates in bypasses where electrical and the winter when heat collects plumbing fixtures are installed. In in a poorly ventilated and/or HEAT – A NATURAL ENEMY inadequately insulated attic. OF ASPHALT WHAT VENTILATION DOES a cold attic, the warm, moist air T I ON condenses on the cold surfaces Built-up attic heat combines with Heat, along with ultraviolet light, Ventilation is a system of intake of the rafters, the nails and other the sun’s warmth to melt snow causes asphalt shingles to age and exhaust that creates a flow metal, and the attic side of the on the roof, even though outside through chemical changes of air. Effective attic ventilation deck. This water can create temperatures may be below that stiffen the asphalt. Initially, provides year-round benefits, several problems. freezing. Then the flow of melting shingles are protected from creating cooler attics in the snow refreezes at the eaves and ultraviolet light by the granules summer and drier attics in the First, the condensation can swell gutters. This freeze-thaw cycle embedded in their surface. As winter, protecting against damage the deck, causing waviness can result in a pool of water that long as the asphalt stays flexible to materials and structure, helping and buckling of both the deck can back up under roof shingles the granules will stay in place. to reduce energy consumption and the shingles. Second, the and behind fascia boards, Eventually, however, the shingles and helping to prevent ice dams. water can rot the roof deck, soaking roof decking and wall become brittle and the granules destroying its ability to carry sheathing, damaging exterior and break loose and gradually wash With poor ventilation, summer loads (like a roofing crew) and interior walls, peeling paint and away. sunshine can cause a terrific its nail-holding capability. Third, ruining ceilings. Soaked lumber build-up of heat in the attic severe condensation can drip and building materials lead to Excess heat accelerates this space. In a home with poor onto the insulation, reducing secondary problems: wood aging process, causing the ventilation, the heat in the attic its effectiveness and possibly rot, bug infestation, mold and shingles to become prematurely may eventually reach 140˚F on a seeping through to the ceiling degradation of structural integrity. brittle and show all the signs 90˚F day. If the unventilated attic below. of aging, such as cracking and is heavily insulated, that heat curling. The aging shingles lose will stay there much of the night, their granules at a faster and perhaps slowly migrating to the Ridge vent (exhaust air) faster rate and subject them to home’s interior. An overheated Initial snow blanket even more rapid deterioration attic, combined with moisture, Air temperature External baffle Snow blanket from ultraviolet light. can also be damaging to roof Wind Insulation baffle Melted water decking and roofing shingles, Mixed water Higher Fortunately, accelerated shingle causing them to distort and and ice Lower aging can be slowed by reducing deteriorate prematurely. Ice dam Heat flow Sofft vent Sofft vent Wet and sagging (air intake) (air intake) insulation Water-damaged interior and exterior finishes

The need for ventilation 24 The need for ventilation 25 EXHAUST VENTS Gable louvers That allows a continuous flow of Gable louvers are typically cooler air to enter at intake vents. Exhaust vents are designed to installed in the gable ends of the Only ridge vents use thermal permit an efficient, unobstructed house. effect efficiently and effectively, outflow of attic air. These units because only ridge vents provide VE NT ILA must be designed to prevent (or continuous and uniform air at least minimize) rain and snow movement along the full length of infiltration. Exhaust vents must be a roof. used with intake vents to provide proper high/low balance and thus T I ON an adequate flow of air through Note: For best results, intake an attic. FigureWith XXX:wind With blowing wind parallelblowing toparallel the ridge, to the ridge, airflowairflow dips dipstoward toward the attic the floorattic leavingfloor leaving the hottest venting should be divided theair hotteststill on the air undersidestill on the of underside the roof sheathing. of the equally along both sides of Exhaust vents are available in a structure. different designs: roof sheathing. The gable-louver vent, an exhaust vent, Roof louvers allows unwanted air to flow out of the attic. Roof louvers (also called roof Ridge vents pots) are installed as close to the Ridge vents offer unique roof ridge as possible to allow advantages compared to other maximum release of moisture Note: Sometimes louvers are types of exhaust vents. and overheated air. Because Ridge vent shorter than the ridge length installed in opposite gable ends, presents an unattractive “broken” they’re installed near the ridge, without intake venting, in the Maximum efficiency ridge vents appearance. they provide a continuous airflow mistaken assumption that a are designed to draw heated air along most of the underside of good “cross flow” of air can from an attic regardless of wind the roof sheathing. The airflow provide adequate ventilation. direction or force. pattern isn’t uniform, however, so for maximum effectiveness, vents In addition, when little wind should be spaced equally along force exists, ridge vents take full the roof. advantage of the thermal effect to maintain air circulation across the underside of the roof sheathing. Warm air rises to the ridge and exhausts through the vent.

A roof vent is an exhaust vent located near With wind blowing perpendicular to the the ridge. ridge, the louvers act as both intake and exhaust vents.

The need for ventilation 26 The need for ventilation 27 Uniform air movement: When the wind is blowing, hot air from an attic. Usually, to NEVER MIX TWO TYPES OF Because ridge vents run the however, wind turbines can be provide uniform air movement EXHAUST VENTS entire length of a roof, they effective air movers. along the underside of roof provide a uniform flow of air sheathing, a series of power fans When ridge and soffit ventilation along the underside of the roof must be spaced equally along a is added to an attic with other VE NT ILA sheathing. That air movement roof. vents in place, such as gable end helps eliminate “hot spots” that vents, box or turbine static vents, can develop with other types of or power fans, you must remove or block off the other ventilators. exhaust vents – even powered T I ON vents. No other exhaust vents When installed properly, ridge provide this type of airflow and soffit systems draw air in pattern. the bottom (soffits) and out the top (ridge). Other open ventilator Maximum visual appeal: holes in the roof or gable will Most ridge vents offer a low- shortcut the low-to-high draft profile design that minimizes its and diminish the ventilation appearance on a roof. Shingle- Wind turbines are located near the ridge effectiveness. over designs allow optimum and are used to exhaust air from the attic. blending with other roof materials. Power fans are used to move large volumes of air – a good option for hard-to-vent hip roofs. Wind turbines Power attic ventilators Wind turbines use a moving part Like a wind turbine, a power fan to help exhaust from an attic. uses the rotary motion of blades That moving part consists of a to draw hot air from the attic. But series of specially shaped vanes instead of using wind power to that turn wind force into a rotary drive the blades, power fans use motion. As the spinning vanes electricity to drive high-efficiency Caution: gain velocity, they create an area motors. of negative air pressure. That Ridge Vents & Power Vents Do Not Mix negative pressure, in turn, pulls Unlike a wind turbine, however, air from an attic. the effectiveness of a power fan Power vents can actually isn’t dependent on wind force. pull air into an attic through Air Sucked In Although not as effective as ridge Instead, a power fan is turned on Through Ridge Power a ridge vent, making it act Vent vents, wind turbines provide a and off as needed, automatically, as an intake. This reversed low-cost alternative in areas with thermostat and humidistat airflow could bring moisture Reversed where consistent wind speeds of controls. Air Flow at least 5 mph are typical. Without into the attic and make the that minimal wind speed, wind Although a power fan can move ridge vent ineffective. Stagnant turbines act essentially as roof a large volume of air, typically a Air louvers. single unit cannot “vacuum” all

The need for ventilation 28 The need for ventilation 29 Soffit Ventilation How to Install Quality Edge TruVent Soffit why you should install • Condensation occurs when air VE NT ILA contacts a cold surface. fully vented soffit How to begin preparation • The more ventilation area you • By preventing trapped provide, the more effective the moisture, vented soffits help Soffit is the name given materials 1. inspect and plan the job home will be at venting moist prevent moisture problems used to enclose the underside in advance. For residing T I ON air. like rotting, mold and ice of eaves and porch ceilings. The application, nail down any build-up. installation of soffit will determine loose panels, boards, or • Soffits should be fully vented the positioning of the inside and shingles. Check surfaces for for maximum airflow. • Maximum air circulation also outside corner posts. It also is straightness and fur when improves indoor air quality necessary to complete the soffit, necessary. Surfaces should • The intake of fresh air through to prevent problems like Sick or install the soffit moldings, be uniform and straight from the home allows moisture and Home Syndrome. before the final course of siding is various viewing angles. excess heat to escape. installed on the wall. 2. The procedure used to install soffit depends on the Note: Proper attic ventilation is construction of the eaves. important for any home. Consult There are two different types a local building official for the of eaves: appropriate requirements for a • open eaves with exposed specific geographical area, and rafters or trusses are typical use vented soffit or other vented of new construction. Open products as necessary. eave installation procedures are also used when removing damaged soffit during a residing project. • Enclosed eaves (eaves with a wood or plywood soffit already in place) are typical of residing projects.

Note: In most new construction application the existing soffit area will be an open area with exposed rafters. In most remodeling situations a solid wood soffit will be present.

Soffit ventilation 30 How to install soffit 31 Installation 2. install the receiving channels Installation Over SOFFIT INSTALLATION over Open EavES following the details shown in Enclosed Eaves the illustrations. Nail channels 1. Along the wall, strike a chalk There are several ways to install every 5' positioning the nail The procedure used to install line (Figure 7) that is parallel and level with the bottom of receiving channels for soffit. in “pre” drilled holes – see soffit over enclosed eaves is VE NT ILA You can use accessories such detailed instructions. almost identical to that used for the existing wood sub-fascia as J-Channel or Frieze-Channel. open eaves. The major difference board. The best approach is to select 3. fasten channels, just snug to is the installation of the J-Channel a method that works most take out excessive play. Do not at the wall line rather than F- 2. A receiving channel must be effectively with the construction overdrive fasteners. Channel (Figures. 5 and 6). installed along the chalk line T I ON techniques used to create the making sure to allow for the eave. Determine the preferred method depth of the soffit panels. In all Note: Recommended nailing of installing soffit at the fascia of the options listed, receiving 1. Examine the eaves illustrations for soffit panels is 16" on center, board. channels should be attached and find one that most closely however, if the eave span is every 16". In most situations resembles the construction over 18", nailing strips must be Note: If the existing soffit is rotted you will not be required to methods used on your installed (Figure 4). In areas with or damaged, remove it completely install a receiving channel on particular projects (Figures 1 high wind restrictions, nailing before installing soffit, then use the fascia board. through 4). should not exceed 12" on center. the instructions for open eaves.

Fascia Fascia

Open Truss

Open Rafter Chalkline Frieze Channel Frieze Channel Level

Enclosed Eave Nailing Strip Soffit Soffit Soffit J-Channel Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 5

Figure 7

Add Framing Open Truss

Add Nailing Strips J-Channel Frieze Channel Soffit Soffit Enclosed Eave J-Channel J-Chanel Figure 2 Soffit Figure 4 Figure 6

How to install soffit 32 How to install soffit 33 For New Construction • Insert panel into the wall Transitions • A Frieze-Channel can be used channel making sure it is fully to receive the soffit panels. engaged into the lock of the • When a soffit changes preceding panel. direction, such as at inside and outside corners, install VE NT ILA 2" wide • While nailing the panel into a transition channel by using

16” tabs the bottom of the fascia board, pre-formed Miter Divider, 1 make sure panel is square. or two pieces ⁄2" J-Channel placed back to back. T I ON

Frieze Channel • Miter soffit panels to fit.

For Remodeling • A J-Channel can be attached directly to the existing wood Miter Divider soffit. or 2 J-Channels

• A wood block can be used as Square Panel a nailing surface for a Wood J-Channel. Soffit

J-Channel Wide Soffit Installation Block • An intermediate nailing of wood support should be used when installing panels over 24". J-Channel For Both • Nail panels at the center of the • Cut the soffit panels to the panel and at the nail flange. 1 required length minus ⁄4" to allow for movement. • A J-Channel can also be Nailing Support modified by cutting 2" wide Miter Divider tabs in the nailing flange. Bend these flanges back and nail to the wall.

Soffit Panels J-Channel 1/2" J CHANNEL

How to install soffit 34 How to install soffit 35 valleys Installing Pre- Porch Ceilings engineered fascia New construction WHY METAL Valleys • It’s recommended to pre-drill • J-Channels should be installed 1 ARE PREFERRED a hole ⁄16" larger than the nail around perimeter of porch diameter in the bottom edge area. “before” nailing every 5'. Why metal valleys The problems with • Intermediate nailing supports perform best closed valleys DO NOT FACE NAIL need to be used at 24" on center. There are two basic ways to flash With a closed or woven valley, the • Insert fascia under drip edge. a valley: open and closed (also roofing material itself acts as the • Nail panels 24" on center called woven or cut). flashing. Sections are interlocked, at the nail flange and in the or woven, to create a seamless Insert Under V-Grooves. Drip Edge The open valley has been appearance. This demands that VALLE YS preferred for many years. The the roofer cut the material so it Remodeling open valley starts with a layer of • J-Channels should be installed will weave together properly. metal flashing along the valley. It However, over time, there is Do Not Face Nail around perimeter of porch effectively channels the water to area. a higher likelihood of water run off easily, and adds strength leakage. • Panels can be installed where it’s needed most in the directly onto existing wood center area of the valley. The The closed valley, with its Pre-drill ceiling substrate. smooth surface also ensures that interlocking shingles can also bottom edge debris will not get caught in the attract debris. This can give the • Nail panels 24" on center. valley. roof an unsightly appearance. Trapped debris can also mean Metal flashing offers great that water sits longer in the valley, strength and durability. The which can reduce the life of the corrosion resistance and non- shingles. staining performance of Quality Edge flashing, in aluminum or steel, make it an ideal choice for J-Channels valleys. An extensive selection Around Perimeter of colors ensures it blends beautifully with the home’s roofing system.

How to install fascia 36 Importance of metal valleys 37 GOOD BAD How to install valleys

When installing open valleys, only OPEN VALLEY metal valleys are recommended. APPLICATIONS Mineral-surfaced roll roofing is not considered to be sufficiently 1. Apply a 36" piece of durable to last for the warranted Waterproofing Shingle life of today’s shingles. Moreover,­ Underlayment, or its there is no warranty on mineral- equivalent, up the center of surfaced rolls. the valley, applied directly to the deck. VALLE YS 2. Next, apply an 18" - 20" wide sheet of metal valley flashing over the 8' to 10' lengths. Use a narrow band of roofing Metal Valley Closed Valley cement to fasten shingles that

Underlayment

18" wide metal valley flashing, 10' max. lengths. 36" wide membrane, Lap 8" min., blind nail lap 12" min. upper end

Clip corner off and Anchor clips 8" apply spot of asphalt to 24" o.c. plastic cement

Metal Valley Closed Valley End shingles trimmed to chalk line, 4" min. lap Typical open valley.

Importance of metal valleys 38 How to install valleys 39 gutters lap the metal. Preformed “W” NOTE: There exists some style valleys are preferred. The disagreement in the trade about how to install gutters center crimp will help relieve when nails can be driven through stresses on the metal without valley metal. Everyone agrees forcing the metal to crack or that it is never desirable to do so important reasons for Handling water, buckle. except at the head of the valley, using gutters snow and ice or at the top of a sheet capped by 3. secure the metal flashing a higher sheet above. But some • Gutters do best in heavy Gutters help manage water flow. every 24" along both edges shingles, cannot be securely rainfall areas and on buildings Remember, any water not handled with large-headed nails. If installed over a standard 20" with little or no overhang. at the roof line must be managed using large-headed nails on the ground, causing additional valley without driving nails into • Gutters should always be used without cleats, place the the metal. One solution might be labor and potential damage. shanks immediately adjacent where houses are built on clay to make the valley metal wide and and other frost-susceptible soils. to the metal edge so as not to over-flash the edge with water- All gutters must be installed with restrict the movement of the Expansive clay soils can crack a the proper clearances. In cold proofing shingle underlayment. foundation simply by being wet. metal. However, field testing has not climates, the outside edges of all gutters should fall below the roof’s 4. if you need to use more than been completed to assure the • Use gutters wherever roof long-term performance of this slope so snow and ice can slide one piece of metal flashing for run-off creates a splashback clear. a valley, the high piece must solution. problem that might damage entry steps, decks and siding. overlap the lower piece by at The shallower the roof, the more G UTT E RS least 8". Because of expansion • Gutters can help eliminate clearance is needed. and contraction of the two basement water that can metal sheets, do not drive Clip Method Nail Method cause expensive damage to fasteners through both sheets finished basements. in the overlapping areas. Valley metal End shingles trimmed to chalk like, 4" min. lap Check your area’s building 5. strike chalk lines 3" from the Anchor clips, bend clip over nail heads codes for gutter requirements valley centerline, on each on your job. side of the metal valley. As shingles are applied, trim them Asphalt Sheathing back to the chalk lines. Use a plastic Large headed nail Underlayment laps drip edge buffer beneath the shingles to cement 8" for asphalt shingles, Drip edge laps gutter be trimmed to avoid scoring 10" for wood shingles, the metal valley with the knife 11" for slate, tile and shakes blade. Projected roof slope 6. set the valley edge of each Secure metal valley flashing with clips or large-headed nail. shingle in a 3" wide band of Clearance varies asphalt roofing cement (ASTM with roof slope: D4586 Type II). 1/4" for 12/12 1/2" for 12/7 3/4" for 12/5 1" for 12/0

How to install valleys 40 How to install gutters 41 Installation Tips • The number of downspouts How to instalL gutters 3. measure and cut the gutter to a roof needs will depend on length of the eave. • Aluminum gutter runs should the size of the conductor 1. if there is no drip edge have an expansion joint pipe. Allow 1 square inch of installed, we recommend every 40' of straight run since downspout cross-section for you install a Quality Edge drip the gutter will expand and edge. Lift shingles and push 1 every 100 square feet of roof contract ⁄8" or more over that area. back the drip edge under span. shingles until edge projects at 1 • Place the downspouts at least least ⁄2" beyond fascia. • Gutters should slope at least 1 20' apart but no more than 50' ⁄16" per foot of run. apart. 4. Notch the end of both gutters • It’s important to move the to be inserted into the inside water quickly away from or outside corner brackets the foundation with either a (outside bracket shown). subsurface pipe or splash blocks and by sloping the grade at the surface. Notch Gutter Drip Edge Quality Edge has a complete line of Gutter Coil and accessories G UTT E RS

B J I C A 2. To get the proper slope of a G F gutter, measure the length D H of the eave, then angle your A gutter 5" or 6" 1 E measurement down ⁄4" every B Outside Miter (for corners) 5" or 6" 10' (or 1" every 40'). Snap a D c inside Miter (for corners) 5" or 6" chalk line to mark your place. D Elbows (for downpipe) E Downpipe K F End Caps 5 or 6" L g outlet tube (to connect gutter and E downpipe) h spikes and Ferrules I Wraparound Hanger (5" gutter only) D J hidden Hanger

K Diamond Pipe Band or Chalk line L Pipe Clip (to secure downpipe to wall)

How to install gutters 42 How to install gutters 43 5. lay a bead of gutter sealant 6. Place the downspout outlet 7. raise to the chalk line and 9. Attach the elbow joint to the 1 1 ⁄2" inside the corner bracket. over the gutter where you fasten the gutter assembly to downspout outlet. Hook the front lip of the corner want it located, and trace the eave. over the notched section of the outside. Using shears, 1 the gutter and snap it over the cut out the traced section ⁄16" sealant. Rivet the joint together outside the line. Flip the gutter and caulk the seam on the over. Then insert and fasten inside of the gutter with gutter the outlet to the gutter with sealant. Also, cover each rivet rivets. Use sealant to ensure a with a dab of sealant. waterproof joint. Elbow Insert Gutter Under Drip Edge Downspout Outlet Rivet

10. Hold another elbow against the wall and measure between them. Allow for a Caulk Seam on Inside 1 1 ⁄2" overlap on each end. G UTT E RS 8. insert the hidden hangers. Insert Hook the hanger under the Seal & Rivet front lip of the gutter. Screw the hanger in through the back of the gutter into the eave using the screw provided. Install a hanger every 2'.

1 Hidden Allow 1 /2" Hanger overlap on each end

How to install gutters 44 How to install gutters 45 11. Fasten the elbows to the 12. Fasten the pipe to the wall straight pieces of downspout. using a diamond pipe band (3" How to Install pipe clips are also available). Gutter Protection how to begin edge, will cause pooling and can damage the roof. As a rule the This product is designed to rear, or upstream edge, of an be a closed system. The only installed panel must be 1" – 1¼" Diamond opening should be a continuous 3 higher than the front edge. Pipe Band ⁄8" water gap between the gutter lip and the lower panel. Inspect For best performance, the and enclose all other openings, position of the outward-most Straight especially behind the gutters and point (nose) of each installed Pieces of end caps. panel is critical and should extend Downspout past the front edge of the gutter Installed panels must maintain by approximately ¼". Use of the a continuous downward slope patented SmartClip™ makes this from the upstream roof edge to effortless. the nose. A negative or backward slope, caused by the nose being G UTT E RS higher than the rear or upstream

Gutter protection panel

Nose forward Bend to design extends match pitch 1 approx /4" past 1 the front edge /2" zip of gutter screw 3 /8" water gap SmartClip™ with screw

How to install gutters 46 How to install gutter protection 47 Preparation 6. Panels can be installed on how to install most roofs with a 4/12 to gutter protection 1. for safety, we recommend 5/12 pitch without alteration. working only from a ladder. For roof pitches below 4/12, These instructions provide Always use extreme caution. check to see if the installed basic information for installing Make sure ladder is level and system maintains a continuous a professional gutter protection footing is stable. Do not climb downward slope from the system on most homes. onto the roof. upstream roof edge to the Many homes will require field 2. remove any screens and nose. A negative or backward modification not covered by these attachments to the gutter, slope caused by the front nose instructions for a proper, custom such as a splashguard, that being higher than the rear fit. The guidelines below must be may prevent the installation of or upstream edge will cause followed for all installations. a gutter protection system. pooling and can damage the roof. If a backward slope 1. start installation at the end 3. check the overall condition of a gutter run by installing of the gutters and repair as occurs, lower the gutters to create a positive pitch or a SmartClip at the end of the needed. Re-attach loose gutter, about 3" from the gutter areas; reseal all seams, fascia mount the panels (see Fascia Mount Instructions). end cap. (Note: Gutters on secure and re-pitch gutters as ‘hip’-style roofs wrap around necessary. 7. for roofs with a pitch greater 4 corners in a continuous run. 4. clean the gutters and make than 5/12, the panel must be On ‘hip’ roofs, begin bracket G UTT E RS sure downspouts are clean modified. The panel must installation about one foot from and free of debris. continue at the same angle a corner). SmartClips have a as the top of the bracket small bottom hook designed to 5. This product must be installed (SmartClip) until it meets the hook the lip of the gutter. Hold under the second course of shingle at which point the the SmartClip so the top of the shingles. Check the condition panel should have a break clip is facing you and slide the of the shingles by lifting the matching the pitch of the roof. bottom hook under the front second full row of shingles As the roof pitch increases, lip of the gutter. Then pull up and loosen the glue bond with the break will move forward to make sure the bottom hook a putty knife or scraper. towards the nose. is grabbing the front lip of the gutter. Now turn the SmartClip to the side and set it in place inside the gutter, making sure it is resting on the bottom of the gutter. Screw in the preset 3" screw with your ¼" driver bit and tighten it snug to the back of the gutter.

How to install gutter protection 48 How to install gutter protection 49 2. The panel must start at the 6. repeat this process until you beginning of the shingle at the come to the end of the gutter roof edge. If the gutter comes run. short of the roof edge, start the panel so there is about a As the installation approaches ¼" gap between the panel and the end of a gutter run, there will the gutter end cap. probably be an odd length (less than 5') to cover. There are two 3. lay the panel where it should installation options: start and mark the spot at 1 the end of the panel where a. cut the panel to fit about ⁄8" the next panel will overlap. short of the gutter end cap and This is where you will need install an end cap. to place another SmartClip. There should always be three b. if at an outside corner, cut SmartClips touching each full the panel to wrap around panel, so you will have to add the corner and proceed (see one clip between the starting Outside Corner instructions clip and the ‘overlap’ clip, elsewhere in these instructions). Important: where you made your mark. The gutter protection system This should be placed roughly 7. install End Caps. The end caps is designed to be a completely G UTT E RS in the middle of the panel. must completely enclose the enclosed system. There should Screw all the SmartClips in. gutter with no openings at the be no gap or opening other than 4. Now take the panel and slide end or backside of the gutter. the factory pre-set water gap it under the 2nd course of Hold the appropriate end cap between the front lower edge and shingles, which you have against the outside end of the gutter. already loosened, and clip the your gutter. Trace the basic panel into place. Make sure shape of the gutter onto the 8. Attach the end cap to the the bottom lip of the panel is end cap with a pencil. Allow panel by screwing two ½" secured into the rear hook for bending the extra end zip screws through the end of the SmartClip, which will cap material to close off any cap flap and panel. The flap maintain a uniform, preset gap openings behind the gutter, if may be positioned above the for water entry. necessary. Cut the end cap to panel to prevent rain spillover fit snugly inside the gutter and at the end of a gutter run or 5. fasten with a color matched to conform to the shape of the under the panel for a better ½" zip screw. The screw gutter and roofline. appearance. placement should be toward the front of the panel so the zip 9. see special instructions screw will bite into the thick for Inside Corners, Outside upper layer of the SmartClip. Corners, Perforated Panels, Diverters, etc.

How to install gutter protection 50 How to install gutter protection 51 PERFORATED PANELS Diverters at each end of the panel and draw a line across the back Rooflines often form valleys that Diverters are designed to re- of the panel connecting the cause concentrated streams of direct water flow and are used on two marks. This line will be water to empty onto the roof over inside corner valleys and other the point at which the break a straight gutter run and upper high volume areas to prevent is made. Draw another line level gutters sometimes empty overflow. Cut a small roof diverter ½" closer to the back of the onto the roof above a lower Perforated Panel. from a scrap panel. This can be 1 panel (5 ⁄8" from the back of gutter. These conditions may used on inside valleys and other the panel). Put the panel in the cause rainwater to overflow the high volume areas. break and score the second gutter protection system and can 4. Attach the perforated panel to line (closest to the back of the be a source of callbacks. the overlapped panel with ½" panel) with a utility knife and zip screws. Be sure to attach Fascia-mount break off. Now reset the panel 1. if the heavy flow area can be the panels under the nose Installation in the break and make a 90° identified prior to installation, to keep the water gap open. bend along the remaining line position and install perforated No additional brackets are Fascia-mount installations are on the panel. panels over the problem area needed. ideal for flat or low-pitched roofs by integrating it into the gutter- and on shake, slate, metal, or cover run. Be sure to install a other specialty roofs. Fascia- bracket under each end of the Note: If possible, upper level mounted panels do require perforated panel for additional gutters that empty onto lower additional effort and labor, so be G UTT E RS support. roofs should have the downspout sure to allow extra time. extended into the lower gutter. 2. if a heavy flow area is 1. To make sure the gutter is identified after installation, Panels should then be cut to fit around the downspout. set in the right place, set a install perforated panels into bracket in the high end of the an already completed straight- gutter. Drop the gutter so the run by cutting and removing top of the bracket sets about the top ribbed section of the ¼" below the drip edge. If you installed panel at the problem have no drip edge then set area. The nose does not have the top of the bracket in the to be removed. high end of the gutter about 1" below the top of the fascia 3. Position the perforated panel board. into place over the cut-out, overlapping at least 1" on each 2. To prepare the panel you must side. have a 5-foot break. Start by 5 measuring 5 ⁄8" from the back of the panel (the end that goes under the shingle) and make a mark with your pencil. Do this

How to install gutter protection 52 How to install gutter protection 53 3. insert the brackets the same Inside Corners 1. install brackets as near to the to the right should fit into the way as a standard install corner as possible. 45° notch, forming a simple (three per panel with the two On some homes, multiple roof corner. Install this notched on the ends overlapping with planes come together in a valley 2. facing the corner, hold the panel on the left side of the the next panel). Make sure to cause overflow at the inside panel to be installed into place corner. Once installed there there is enough room above corner. Factory-engineered inside over the gutter and brackets will be a pie-shaped opening the bracket to fit the ½" corner ports are designed to to the right (as if the straight in the valley, but there should 90° bend of the panel under reduce inside corner overflow. gutter run was to continue be no gap or space between the drip edge. past the corner). When in installed panels. These instructions are written position, mark the panel 4. Attach the panel to the for a right-to-left installation. If approximately 1" beyond the 4. Place the valley port over the installed brackets and screw a installing left-to-right, reverse any inside gutter lip at the corner. gap between the two panels 1½" screw horizontally through right/left notations. Cut along this line and install and bend it to fit the contours the ½" vertical panel bend and this panel with the 1" overhang of the valley. Secure it into into the fascia. Use one screw Note: On some homes, overflow extending past the inside lip place by screwing it to the at the midpoint and another at may be difficult or impossible to into the corner. panels with ½" zip screws each end. making sure there are no gaps. control. 3. move to the left side and cut a 45° notch into the nose of the IMPORTANT! DO NOT SCREW panel to be installed. The nose INTO THE ROOF VALLEY.

profile of the installed panel G UTT E RS

How to install gutter protection 54 How to install gutter protection 55 Outside Corners 1. install brackets as near to the 3. move this same panel around 4. Place a mark on the upstream corner as possible. to the left side of the corner. panel edge 6" to the right of the Field-engineered corners are Hold the marked panel in left bend line from #3 above designed to continue a straight 2. facing the corner hold the place over the gutter and (between the left bend line and gutter-cover run around a corner. five-foot panel to be installed installed brackets (to the left the right cut line). Draw a line If the distance from the edge of in place over the gutter and of the corner) so that the between this upstream edge the last panel installed, to the brackets to the right (as if corner mark (from #2 above) mark and the corner mark on corner of the run, is 4' or greater the straight-gutter run was is positioned approximately the nose (from #2 above). This (less than 12" of panel left to wrap) to continue past the corner). ¼" beyond the gutter lip at the line will be the left cut line. do not continue. Instead, cut and When in position, mark the corner. (Note: The corner mark When installed, the right cut install the corner from the center panel just above the nose (½" indicates where the nose will line will overlap the left cut line of a full five-foot panel and ‘fill the above the outward-most point) be bent around the corner. If and align with the left bend gap’ between the installed corner and approximately ¼" beyond the line appears to be in the line. and the existing run with a cut-to- the gutter lip at the corner wrong place, re-measure and fit panel. where the panel is to be bent re-mark. When in position, 5. The panel will not overlap around the corner. Place a place another mark on the under the nose, but will form These instructions are written second mark on the right left upstream edge of the a corner. Draw a vertical line for a right-to-left installation. If upstream edge of the panel at panel that is in line with the from the corner mark on the installing left-to-right, reverse any a point that is in line with the roof ridge. Draw a line from nose (from #2 above), straight right/left notations. roof ridge. Draw a line from the corner mark on the nose down and around the lower the nose corner mark to the (same mark as in #2 above) to water drip edge. This line G UTT E RS upstream right roof ridge mark the upstream left edge mark should be perpendicular to from the right cut line. Do not (at roof ridge). This line will be both the nose and to the front cut at this time. the left bend line. Do not bend and back edges. This is a at this time. reference line only. Do not cut. 6. mark a second point along this vertical reference line just under the nose, ½" below the outward-most point of the nose.

How to install gutter protection 56 How to install gutter protection 57 roofing guidelines 7. measure and mark a point 10. Slide the corner under the along the lower drip edge 1¼" appropriate ridge-cap shingle Getting started on both sides of the vertical and attach to the existing reference line. Draw a line panel run at the overlap. from both of these lower edge Preparing for the Job • Do not attempt to work in bad marks to the point just below 11. Attach the corner to the gutter weather or on wet roof decks. the nose on the vertical line with brackets. At all times workers should follow • Do not touch wires crossing (#6 above). These lines should 12. Proceed around corner with safe work practices that help over the roof. If cranes are form an angle that will form a straight runs. prevent dangerous conditions and used to raise materials, be corner when cut. possible accidents. sure the operator is aware of overhead power lines or other 8. cut the panel along the All local building codes and city wires. Keep metal ladders marked cut lines above the ordinances should be investigated away from power lines. nose. Bend the left panel and complied with. downward along the bend • Extension ladders should line so the panel ‘fits’ over the have proper locking devices ridge. and be in good condition. Safety Place the ladders at safe 9. cut the panel along the lower The best form of accident angles on stable foundations cut lines to form a notch, insurance is accident prevention. and properly secure them to leaving 1" of uncut panel Therefore, inspect each job prevent movement. Ladders material at the nose. Bend site before the work begins must extend past the edge of the panel at the nose to form for possible hazards such as the roof by 3' minimum. the corner, aligning the upper overhead electrical lines or • Ropes should be used to right cut line with the upper unstable ground conditions that secure ladders and scaffolding left bend line along the roof might not adequately support and used as safety lines for ridgeline. ladders or scaffolding. Bring any personnel. G U I D ELI N E S potentially hazardous conditions to the attention of all workers • Brace ladders used on the roof before the job begins. Adhere deck to the roof structure. to OSHA safety standards and • Avoid leaning away from a observe the following general ladder to work. Move the precautions: ladder as required to follow the work. • Wear footwear that provides • Do not concentrate bundles good traction such as rubber- or rolls of roofing on the deck. soled shoes with good ankle Distribute them over the entire support. roof surface to spread the load • Proper eye protection should evenly. be worn.

How to install gutter protection 58 Getting started 59 • As the work proceeds, keep • Power nailers and staplers – Important Factors Effective Drainage the deck clear of unnecessary pneumatic nailers and staplers before Shingle debris to avoid tripping are designed for a wide variety The roof has an important job to hazards. of applications. Not all are Application do: shedding water. The main appropriate for the application There are a number of key areas roof plus the junctions and breaks • Always use the proper tools created by dormers, gables, for each segment of the work. of roofing shingles. Use only a that should be considered before tool specifically designed by starting the roofing project. wings, vents and chimneys are • Remember – Safe roofing is no the manufacturer for roofing. all part of this critical function. accident! It is built to withstand the Careful attention must be given to abrasive nature of roofing these breaks to make sure they Preparing the Deck are protected by flashings that Tools material and has features to speed and facilitate the A good roof demands a good roof are watertight and allow proper Whether on a new construction roofing material application. structure. The entire underlying water shedding. For effective structure must ensure a rigid drainage, you need corrosion- or a re-roofing job, applicators • Putty knife, pointed trowel or require a number of basic tools deck surface that will not shift, resistant drip edges at the rakes brush – for applying asphalt sag or move under the weight and eaves and proper gutter and to ensure efficient and accurate cements of various viscosities. application of asphalt roofing of anticipated loads. The roof downspout placement. materials. • Caulking gun – for applying deck materials must be installed continuous beads of asphalt correctly and be free from These include: cement. excessive knots, warping or Proper Ventilation resinous areas. All roof decking • Folding tape measure – for • Broom – for cleaning up Ventilation is essential to the making measurements that after the completed roofing materials (including type, grade, thickness and installation) must roof’s performance. Air must be will be required for an application. able to circulate freely under the accurate and neat installation. conform to all building code • Chisel and saw – for requirements. roof deck to take away water • Chalk – for snapping chalk replacing or repairing vapor before it can condense lines that will be used to guide damaged decking. and cause moisture problems. G U I D ELI N E S the installation and align • Flat shovel – for removing Problems with roof leakage often the materials over the roof shingles on re-roofing result from condensation that is surface. applications when existing due to poor ventilation. Effective ventilation in the attic space or • Roofing knife – for cutting, shingles are so deteriorated they must be removed to under-roof area can eliminate shaping and fitting the various these problems. materials for an accurate, repair the deck or comply with tight-fitting installation. code requirements. • Hammer, pneumatic gun or roofer’s hatchet – for all nailing For further details, see the that will be required. A hatchet section on Ventilation: the Vital may also be used for aligning Factor in Roof Performance shingles. (page 24).

Getting started 60 Getting started 61 Nailing Manufacturer’s Proper nails and nailing Instructions Preparing the Deck techniques are important to Not all shingles, or application ensure a sound roof installation. procedures, are the same. For (Underlayment) optimum performance from any The Asphalt Roofing roofing product, be sure to read Shingle Underlayment Water-resistant underlayment Manufacturers Association and was invented to keep the roof and follow all specifications On slopes below 4/12, down to the National Roofing Contractor’s and directions provided by the decking dry until shingles Association agree that you will 2/12, the risk of leaks is great, could be applied. Applying this manufacturer. Not adhering to caused by phenomena like wind- probably have fewer fastening manufacturer’s directions could underlayment is called “drying- problems when you use nails than driven rain and capillary action in the roof.” It was also useful result in improper application that can make water flow uphill, you will if you use staples. In fact, which could compromise the as a separation sheet between most building codes do not even or by the backup of water behind the roof sheathing boards and performance of the roof or void ice dams. permit the use of staples to fasten the manufacturer’s warranty. the asphalt shingles before OSB asphalt shingles. and plywood sheets were used To reduce this risk, a as roof decking. This separation redundant system – called was important because direct shingle underlayment by its contact with resin pockets in the For further details, see the manufacturers – is applied section on How to Install pine planks caused the asphalt to beneath the shingles. Shingle degrade prematurely. Shingles: Correct Fastening underlayment, also known as tar (page 71). paper and roofing felt, is a roll Intact water-resistant product applied over the roof underlayment sheds most of deck before the shingles are the water that falls on it, but its installed. water resistance is temporary. As the sun degrades the exposed On the other hand, not all shingle asphalt, the material begins to G U I D ELI N E S underlayment is the same. There dry out, absorb more moisture, are two critically different grades: lose its strength and eventually water-resistant and waterproof. tear. The less asphalt used to saturate the underlayment sheet during manufacture, the shorter its life. Since asphalt is the most expensive component of shingle underlayment, lower-priced materials have less asphalt and a shorter life when exposed to the sun and are also subject to severe wrinkling when wet or even just damp.

Getting started 62 How to prepare the roof deck 63 Water-resistant shingle Ice and water shield is an entirely Seals around penetration WHERE IS ice and underlayment is not warranted different product that’s used in watershield USED? by the manufacturer. Much of its locations such as eaves and Ice and water resistance is destroyed valleys that are most likely to leak water shield Ice and water shield can be during the installation of the under extreme conditions such as used on both new or existing shingles by driving hundreds of high winds, heavy rains and ice decks. It is installed beneath nails through it. Until recently, dams. shingles, slate, tile, cedar shakes, only two grades of water- or metal roofing. Ice and water resistant underlayment have been Ice and water shield is a shield is easy to apply and an available: Number 15 (standard) long-lasting, self-sticking Deck excellent underlayment for low- and Number 30 (heavy-duty). modified asphalt on a glass mat Ice and water shield seals slope shingle applications. It is reinforcement. In all cases the around fasteners. commonly used to protect against product must be applied to a water backup caused by ice dams clean dry roof deck. Ice and water at the roof eaves. It is also used in shield is not destroyed when nails critical areas such as concealed are driven through it because it It is designed to seal the roof and flashing around roof penetrations seals around nails as they are prevent water from getting inside and on rakes. In addition, ice and driven. a building due to ice dams and/or water shield is very useful on wind-driven rain. roofs exposed to occasional high winds where wind-driven rain can Beneath Shingles in valleys On low slopes where the risk is penetrate beneath shingles. water running uphill, or in valleys where blockage from storm debris or ice dams can cause To roof rakes trouble, ice and water shield is reliable insurance against leaks

when used according to the G U I D ELI N E S To roof eaves manufacturers’ instructions. On low-pitched roof slopes (between 2/12 and 4/12) As concealed flashing around roof penetrations

Ice and water shield’s many uses.

How to prepare the roof deck 64 How to prepare the roof deck 65 How to Install the If there are valleys: 4. With underlayments ready, 5. End laps in a succeeding Shingle Underlayment now begin to install the course should be located 6' 1. run a 36" wide centered strip horizontal courses of or more from the end laps of Once the deck has been prepared of underlayment up each underlayment felt parallel the preceding course. Lap and is dry, cover it with a non- valley. to the eaves. Lap each felt a minimum of 6" from both perforated asphalt-saturated course at least 2" over the sides over hips, ridges and any underlayment felt that complies 2. secure it 1" from felt edge with underlying one (according to valley underlayments. with building standards and local just enough nails to hold in manufacturer’s instructions). codes. place. Secure felt with only enough 6. Where roof meets a vertical surface, continue the 3. if two or more strips of nails to hold. If two or more pieces are needed to continue underlayment at least 4" up the underlayment are needed to surface. cover the entire valley length, the course, lap ends at least 4". overlap the upper piece 12" 7. After installing underlayment, over the lower and bond it with cover with shingles as soon as asphalt plastic cement. practical.

36" wide underlayment or self-adhered Non-perforated, asphalt-saturated eave-and-flashing membrane Deck Drip edge at rake underlayment Deck applied over underlayment G U I D ELI N E S

6" end lap

Valley centerline Non-perforated asphalt-saturated felt Drip edge at eaves applied directly to deck Secure with minimum number of nails 2" top lap 4" end lap 2" top lap

How to prepare the roof deck 66 How to prepare the roof deck 67 eaves Underlayment of the flashing will depend on the How to Install 3. for extra protection in heavy roof slope and the severity of ice eaves Underlayment snow areas, you may have Ice dams are created as the result dams anticipated. to extend the membrane to a of continual thawing of snow over (ice dam membranes) point 36" inside the wall line. the warmer sections of the roof Eaves flashing is also 1. Apply a strip of self-adhered, and then refreezing over the cold recommended in areas where eave-and-flashing membrane 4. most self-adhered membranes eave. leaves or pine needles are likely that complies with current are vapor retarders, so they to accumulate in gutters, resulting building standards directly should not be used beyond the Ice along the eaves can cause in water backup. recommended area without considerable damage, making to the deck to prevent water penetration. careful attention to ventilation water and slush back up under Self-adhered eave and flashing needs. Lack of ventilation the exposed roof material and membranes also work well on 2. The membrane width should can result in water vapor causing structural damage. Eaves hips, ridges, flashing and valleys be able to extend up the roof condensation under the roof flashing is recommended when as well as around skylights, from the eaves to at least 24" deck. applying roofing material to this dormers and chimneys. Bear in inside the interior wall line. If vulnerable area to help prevent mind that most eaves flashing it’s not wide enough, overlap water penetration. materials are vapor retarders, so another membrane strip by at they should not be used beyond least 2", ensuring the lap joint In climates where icing on the recommended areas without is on the eave-side of the wall eaves in expected or where the proper ventilation. A lack of line. Follow the manufacturer’s average January temperature is proper ventilation in these cases recommendations for 25˚F or less, eaves flashing must will result in the possibility of installation. be installed to protect against ice water vapor condensation under dam damage. The selection of the roof deck. flashing material and the width Underlayment Deck Drip edge G U I D ELI N E S Drip edge Self-adhered eave- and-flashing membrane Nails Eave-and-flashing membrane applied to a point at least 24" beyond interior wall line Flashing membrane overhangs Wall line drip edge 1/4" to 3/4" Minimum 2" top lap to eave-side of wall line, if required

How to prepare the roof deck 68 How to prepare the roof deck 69 How to prepare 1. use roll roofing and center a valley Underlayment minimum 36" wide strip over How to Install Shingles the valley underlayment. Where two sloping roof planes meet, a valley is formed. These 2. secure 1" from edges with only Correct Fastening • Nails are preferred over sloping planes direct water enough nails to hold it in place. staples. toward the valley, concentrating the drainage along the joint 3. if two or more strips of roll • Nailing locations vary by making it susceptible to leakage. roofing are needed to cover General fastening shingle and by roof slope. It is That’s why flashing is very the valley length, lap the upper guidelines critical to fasten the shingles important along valley joints to piece 12" over the lower, and in the proper locations in bond with asphalt plastic • Proper placement of fasteners order to achieve designed ensure efficient drainage and is important for shingle prevent water leakage. cement. performance. Improperly performance and warranty fastened shingles may blow The valley is completed during protection. Ideally, placement off or slip out of place. The shingling. of fasteners should be as use of asphalt roofing cement specified according to the in small quarter-size dabs precise locations shown to hold the shingle down is for each shingle. However, required on most shingles in practice some variation when applied to steep slopes (dimensional tolerance) is exceeding 21/12 (60˚). Consult acceptable. individual shingle application • When fastening a typical instructions for details on the three-tab, strip-type shingle, above, including fastening it is required that at least four points. fasteners be used. G U I D ELI N E S

Valley centerline

decking 3 36" wide 50# roll /8" min. diameter roofing or heavier asphalt shingles " 2 / Nail 1" 1 from edge " min. 1 4

/ /4" min. 3 1 2 3 4 straight, good Underdriven: Overdriven: Crooked: penetration and flush inadequate deck too deep, inadequate with shingle surface penetration cuts into shingle anchorage Properly Driven Improperly Driven

Proper and improper application of roofing nails.

How to prepare the roof deck 70 How to install shingles for new roof construction 71 • The shape of a shingle also • All nails must be corrosion USING PNEUMATIC GUNS FASTENING makes a difference. resistant; for example, double- dipped galvanized steel, Pneumatic nail guns are widely IMPORTANT: For decks ¾" • Nails with a barbed or rough aluminum, copper, or stainless used. However, in cold weather (19 mm) thick or thicker, nails must shank are recommended. steel. it can be difficult to keep the go at least ¾" (19 mm) into the Smooth pneumatic nails are pressure properly regulated to deck. On thinner decks, nails must 1 acceptable, but have been • To prevent shingle distortion, drive the nail correctly (flush go at least ⁄8" (3.2 mm) through the blamed for nail pops by some do not attempt to realign a with the shingle surface). With deck. installers. shingle by shifting the free improper pressure, nails can end after two fasteners are in be driven completely through Nails must be 11- or 12-gauge • Nail shanks must be either place. shingles or underdriven. For this roofing nails, corrosion-resistant, 3 11- or 12-gauge. with at least ⁄8" (9.5 mm) heads, • Fasteners should not go into, reason, many roofers switch to hand-nailing during cold weather. and at least 1" (25 mm) long. • Nail head diameter must be at above, or between the self- 3 least ⁄8". sealing strips. If they do, the In addition to cold weather, shingles may not seal properly • Nail shanks must be long numerous factors can affect and will be more likely to blow the air pressure of pneumatic enough to penetrate the off. roofing and then go ¾" into guns; such as temperature solid wood, plywood or non- • If a nail is underdriven, be changes throughout the day, veneer wood decking, or sure that it is hammered down the number of guns per air through the thickness of the flush. compressor, the length of the decking, whichever is less. air hose, etc. It is advisable for • Seal overdriven nails with installers to periodically check • Be sure fasteners are driven asphalt roofing cement and the air pressure and adjust it straight, with nail heads flush install another nail nearby. as necessary for these factors, with the shingle surface and • Crooked nail heads should be as well as for the thickness of never cutting into the shingle. the roof deck and the particular

flattened with a hammer. G U I D ELI N E S shingles being installed. • Fasteners must not be exposed; i.e. visible on the finished roof.

36" 36"

self-sealing strip self-sealing strip

12" 5 12" 5 /8" /8" 5 nail 5" nail 5 /8" locations locations 1" 11" 12" 11" 1" 1" 10" 1" 1" 11" 1" 1" 10" 1"

Nail locations for three tab single strip Nail locations for three tab single strip in (normal weather conditions). high wind regions (6 nail-method).

How to install shingles for new roof construction 72 How to install shingles for new roof construction 73 Shingle Application 3. No matter where the Starter Strip Where the drip edge extends out application begins, apply from the eaves and rakes, the While the general application the shingles across and The starter strip may be either shingles may be cut flush with the procedures for all asphalt strip diagonally up the roof. This a row of shingles trimmed to drip edge. shingles are essentially the same, will ensure that each shingle the shingle manufacturer’s differences do exist in applying is fastened properly. Straight- recommendations or a strip of 1. if self-sealing shingles are the first shingle in each course up application or “racking” mineral-surfaced roll roofing at used for the starter strip, and, depending upon the number may result in less than the least 7" wide. The starter strip remove the tab portion of of cutouts in the strip, in fastening recommended number of protects the roof by filling in each shingle and position the shingles. Thus, it is necessary nails being used because the spaces under the cutouts the remaining strip with the to study and follow the shingle of the manner in which the and joints of the first course of factory-applied adhesive face manufacturer’s application shingles have to be applied. shingles. It should overhang up along the eaves. directions as printed on the “Racking” requires that part of the eaves and rake edges by shingle bundle wrapper. the shingles in some courses ¼" to ¾". 2. Trim at least 3" from the end of be placed under those already the first shingle in the starter 1. Before beginning to apply 36" (915 mm) strip. applied in the course above. Full Length shingles, check that all Because part of the shingle is chimneys are completed and 3. fasten starter strips parallel to hidden, it may be overlooked 7" (180 mm) all vent pipes, soil stacks Starter Shingle the eaves along a line when the shingle is fastened. 3" to 4" above the eaves. and ventilators are in place. With a diagonal application Remove these portions Also make provisions for the up the roof, each shingle additional flashings that will be is completely visible until required as the shingles are covered by the course above. Eaves flashing. applied such as those around “Racking” may accentuate chimneys and stacks and at Asphalt-saturated shading tendencies. Asphalt-saturated Deck felt or specialty eaves vertical wall joints. felt underlayment flashing (if applicable)

2. if a roof surface is broken by a G U I D ELI N E S dormer or valley, start applying Note: the release tape found on Drip the shingles from a rake and the reverse side of the shingles edge Drip work toward the break. If the prevents the shingles from edge surface is unbroken, start at sticking together in the package. the rake that is most visible. If It should not be removed during both rakes are equally visible, application. Fasteners located start at the center and work 3" to 4" from eaves both ways. On hip roofs, start at the center and work both ways. Adjacent strips are full length Self-sealing adhesive Start 1st strip positioned along eaves with 3" removed Starter strips overhang eaves and rakes 1/4" to 3/4"

How to install shingles for new roof construction 74 How to install shingles for new roof construction 75 4. Position the fasteners so that First and Succeeding they will not be exposed under Courses How to Install 3 Tab Shingles the cutouts in the first course. 1. The first course is the most 5. if shingles without a self- critical. Be sure it is laid To obtain the correct exposure 6-inch Method sealing adhesive are used for perfectly straight, checking for square-tab strip shingles, the starter strip, remove the regularly during application align the butts with the top of This method starts each tab portion of each shingle and against a horizontal chalk the cutouts in the course below. succeeding course after the first position the remaining strip line. A few vertical chalk Install no-cutout shingles and and up to the sixth with a shingle along the eaves. lines aligned with the ends of those with variable butt lines from which an additional 6" has shingles in the first course will according to the manufacturer’s been removed. Thus, the first 6. if roll roofing is used for the ensure proper alignment of directions to obtain correct course starts with a full length starter strip, nail along a line 3" cutouts. exposure. shingle. to 4" above the eaves. Space the nails 12" apart. This will 2. if applying three-tab shingles There are three different offset The second course then starts ensure that the cutouts of the or if using roll roofing for the methods of applying three-tab with a shingle that has 6" removed first course of shingles are not starter strip, bond the tabs strip shingles: the 6-inch method, and so on through the sixth placed over the starter strip of each shingle in the first 5-inch method and 4-inch method. course which starts with a shingle joints. course to the starter strip These methods correspond to that has 30" removed. by placing a spot of asphalt the additional amount removed Adjacent shingles in each course SHINGLE STARTER plastic cement – conforming from the first shingle in each to a standard such as ASTM successive course to obtain a are all full length. The seventh Shingle starter saves time and D-4586, Type II – about the desired pattern. By removing course again starts with a full ensures a clean look size of a quarter on the different amounts from the first length shingle and the pattern is starter strip beneath each tab shingle, cutouts in one course of repeated every sixth course. This self-adhesive product corner. Then press the tabs shingles do not line up directly creates a weathertight starter firmly into the cement. Avoid with those of the course below. G U I D ELI N E S strip. It seals to the roof deck excessive use of cement as and the first course of shingles, this may cause blistering and/ Deck providing cleaner lines and or shingle slippage. a more professional look. It Underlayment eliminates 66 seams from the 3. The first course starts with a average roof! full shingle while succeeding courses start with portions 5" exposure removed according to the Drip edge style of shingle being applied Drip edge and the pattern desired. Do Self-sealing Starter strip not discard the pieces cut adhesive Start 3rd course Shingles overhang 1 3 from the first shingle in each with 12" removed drip edge /4" to /4" course. If full tabs, they may Start 1st course Save time and labor and get a be useful for finishing the Start 2nd course with full shingle clean look with Quality Edge opposite end of the course with 6" removed and for hip ridge shingles. Shingle Starter Application of shingles using the 6-inch method.

How to install shingles for new roof construction 76 How to install 3 tab shingles 77 5-inch Method Adjacent shingles in each course 4-inch Method Caution: are full length. Proceed with Never use an alignment system With this method of application, additional courses to continue the For the 4-inch method, start the where shingle joints are closer first course begins with a full 5" offset pattern. One method calls first course with a full shingle. than 4" to one another. shingle. The second through for starting the eighth course with Start the second course with 4" seventh courses have an 11" removed from the first shingle. removed from the first shingle, the additional 5" removed from the third course with 8" removed, the first shingle in each course; i.e. fourth with 12" removed and so on the second course starts with 5" Note: the eighth course does not through the ninth course which removed from the first shingle, begin with a shingle that has 35" has 32" removed from the first the third course with 10" removed removed because the remaining shingle. from the first shingle and so on 1" width does not lend itself to through the seventh course which proper fastening. Adjacent shingles in each course has 30" removed from the first begins with a full length shingle shingle. and the pattern is repeated every ninth course.

Underlayment Deck Underlayment Applying Strip Shingles on New Construction Deck Drip edge Drip edge Self-sealing Self-sealing adhesive adhesive 5" exposure 5" exposure Drip edge Drip edge

Starter strip G U I D ELI N E S Starter strip Start 3rd course Shingles overhang Start 3rd course Shingles overhang 1 3 with 8" removed drip edge /4" to /4" with 10" removed drip edge 1/ " to 3/ " 4 4 Start 1st course Start 1st course Start 2nd course with full shingle Start 2nd course with full shingle with 4" removed with 5" removed Application of shingles using the 4-inch method. Application of shingles using the 5-inch method.

How to install 3 tab shingles 78 How to install 3 tab shingles 79 How to Install Hips Direction of prevailing wind and Ridges Start Here 5" exposure 1. Apply shingles up to a hip 3. To apply the ridge shingles, or ridge from both sides of bend each shingle along the the roof before finishing the centerline so that it will extend intersection. To facilitate an equal distance on each finishing, adjust the last few side of the hip or ridge. Chalk courses so that the ridge lines may assist in proper capping will adequately cover alignment. In cold weather,Direction of prevailing wind the top courses of shingles warm the shingle until it is Start Here equally on both sides of the pliable before bending. 5" exposure ridge. Start Here 5" exposure 4. Apply the shingles with a 5" 2. some manufacturers supply exposure, beginning at the special hip and ridge shingles bottom of the hip or from the and specify how they should end of the ridge opposite the be applied. Hip and ridge direction of the prevailing shingles also may be made winds. from 12" x 36" strip shingles used to cover the roof. Cut 5. secure each shingle with the strip shingles down to 12" one fastener on each side, x 12" on three-tab shingles 5½" back from the exposed Start Here or to a minimum of 9" x 12" on end and 1" up from the edge. 5" exposure two-tab or no-cutout shingles. Length of fastener for hip and Application of hip and ridge shingles. G U I D ELI N E S Taper the lap portion of each ridge shingles should be ¼" cap shingle slightly so that it longer than recommended for is narrower than the exposed shingles. portion. This produces a neater job. 5“

Fastener location of hip and ridge shingles. Fabrication of hip and ridge shingles from three-tab strip shingles.

Cut along dotted line, tapering top portion slightly How to install12" hips and ridges 80 How to install hips and ridges 81 12" 12" 12" 2ND THROUGH 7TH COURSES Ridge How to install 5 1. cut 5 ⁄8" off the left side of a shingle and install this 33¾" Roof Deck metric shingles piece over and above the first- course shingle, in line with the Install on new roofs and tear-offs 2. Next, cut half of a tab off the left edge of the starter course. Metal Underlayment Drip using the following methods: length of the first starter- Edge 4" 2" (50 mm) Side Lap (100 mm) 2. cut 11¼" off the first shingle 1 /4" course shingle. Install this 11 7 " 16 /8 End Lap 5 7 1 /2" 8 Remove these portions 22 1 8" A. s even-course, 5 ⁄8" stepped-off shingle on the lower left of the third course, 16 ⁄ " off 28 / 3 " 5 7th Course 33 /4 8 the first shingle of the fourth Full Shingle diagonal method (random 5 ⁄ " corner of the roof. Make sure 6th Course method) there is ½" left overhanging course, 22½" off the first 5th Course Starter Course both rakes and eaves if drip shingle on the fifth course, 4th Course 3rd Course 1 5 /8" PREPARING THE DECK edge is being used. If you are 28 ⁄8" off the first shingle of the 2nd Course 5 not using drip edge, make the sixth course, and 33¾" off the 1st Course 1. Apply underlayment as overhang ¾". first shingle of the seventh required. A layer of shingle course. Apply each with its left Applying the first 7 courses on a standard underlayment should be 3. continue with full-length edge in line with the previous slope. applied. For UL fire rating, starter course shingles along course. underlayment is generally the eaves. required. Apply flat and 3. install full shingles flush STARTER COURSE unwrinkled. against the seven applied 1ST COURSE courses. 1. use Quality Edge Starter 2. snap horizontal and vertical (7.2" x 33.5") or a starter course chalk lines to assure shingles Apply a full shingle at the lower consisting of the shingles from will be correctly aligned. left corner of the roof. Make which the lower tabs have 5 Expose all shingles 5 ⁄8" tabs lie flush with the edges of SUCCEEDING COURSES been removed. Remember,

(141 mm). the starter course. In this way, the sealant on starter courses G U I D ELI N E S sealant on the starter strip will As you go up the rake, repeat the same pattern used to start should lay as close as possible adhere to the first-course tabs to the eaves edge of the roof. STARTER COURSE and help keep them from lifting in the first seven courses. Finish high winds. the courses with full shingles, 2. cut 3" off the length of the 1. use Quality Edge Starter working from the eaves up the first starter strip and apply at (7.2" x 33.5") or a starter course roof. the lower left corner of the consisting of the shingles from roof. This starter strip should which the lower tabs have 3 Important: 39 /8" (1000 mm) overhang the rakes and eaves been removed. Remember, Full Length Do not align end joints of a given 5 ½" when drip edge is used, or the sealant on starter courses course closer than 5 ⁄8" from ¾" when no drip edge is used. should lay as close as possible Starter Shingle one another, and they must be to the eaves edge of the roof. at least 3" from the nails on the 3. continue with full-length Remove these portions underlaying course. starter course shingles along the eaves. Make starter shingles by removing the lower tabs.

How to install metric shingles 82 How to install metric shingles 83 How to flash soil stacks

8th Course and vent pipes Deck 35" off Practically all homes have 3. After flashing is in place, 30" off 7th circular vent pipes or ventilators continue applying the 25" off 6th Section ll projecting through the roof. shingles. Cut the shingles in 20" off 5th Before installing the flashing, the succeeding courses to fit 15" off 4th bring the shingles up to the vent around the pipe, and embed 10" off 3rd pipe. Then: them in asphalt roofing cement 5 Section l 2nd 5 /8" where they overlap the 5" off Starter 5 1. cut a hole in the shingle that 0" off 1st Course 5 /8" flashing flange. The completed will go over the pipe and install installation should appear Eaves the shingle, setting it in asphalt with the lower part of the plastic cement. flange overlapping the lower Eight-Course, Five-Inch, Stepped-Off Diagonal Method. shingles, and the side and 2. Next, place a preformed upper shingles overlapping the flashing flange, sized to fit flange. snugly over the pipe, over the 1ST COURSE end) than the previous course. 5 vent pipe and set it in asphalt Expose each course 5 ⁄8". This roofing cement. Be sure the Begin “Section I” by applying a completes “Section I”. full shingle at the lower left corner flange is seated squarely on of the roof, tabs flush with the 3. install “Section II” using the roof. starter course. full shingles against the eight courses in “Section I”. Underlayment G U I D ELI N E S This must be done before ND TH 2 TO 8 COURSE continuing with course nine. Ice and water shield These “Section II” shingles 1. Begin the second course by are to be butted-up against the cutting 5" off the left end of “Section I” shingles. a shingle and applying the 3 34 ⁄8" piece over the first- course shingle, flush with the SUCCEEDING COURSES left edge of the first-course shingle, and exposing the first 1. repeat the above two-part 5 course 5 ⁄8". procedure up the roof. Shingle cut to fit 2. Each succeeding course, up 2. complete courses across the over pipe and set in to and including the eighth roof using full shingles. asphalt roofing cement course, should start with a shingle 5" shorter (off the left Cutting shingle to fit around vent pipe.

How to install metric shingles 84 How to flash soil stacks and vent pipes 85 appendix Bead of asphalt roofing cement between pipe COMMON ROOFING TERMS Preformed flange and flange placed over pipe and set in asphalt roofing cement There are many different terms used throughout the U.S. to describe the same roofing components. This Roofer’s Guide uses the most common roofing terms. Here are a few descriptions and definitions to clarify common terms.

The Gable Roof The Shed Roof The most common type of roof. With a single roof plane.

Placement of flange over vent pipe.

The Hip Roof The Gambrel Roof Features four sides. A variation of the mansard roof.

4. follow the same procedure where a ventilator or exhaust stack is located. If the ventilator, exhaust stack, Upper and side shingles overlap flange or soil pipe is near a ridge, and are set in asphalt roofing cement bring the shingles up to the protrusion from both sides and The Mansard Roof Contemporary Roofs bend the flashing flange over An almost vertical wall ties into another Here, roof planes drop off to open space. the ridge to lie in both roof roof plane. planes, overlapping the roof shingles at all points. Ridge shingles are then positioned to cover the flange. Embed APPE ND IX the ridge shingles in asphalt roofing cement where they overlap the flange. Lower part of flange overlaps lower shingles flexible neoprene boots are also commonly used to flash around vent pipes. Applying shingles around flange.

How to flash soil stacks and vent pipes 86 Common roofing terms 87 Dormer Ridge Gutter CONTACTS Vent Gable Helping you stay in touch with Southern Building Code Sidewall the latest information in your Congress International, Inc. Rake Eave area. 900 Montclair Road Birmingham Fascia Frontwall/ and soffit Here are just a few of the Alabama 35213-1206 porch organizations that provide 205-591-1853 Hip valuable information to answer www.sbcci.org your roofing, ventilation and building codes in the United Professional Associations States and Canada. & Research Centers Valley Quality Edge American Society 2712 Walkent Drive for Testing and Materials How to determine Walker, Michigan 49544 100 Barr Harbor Drive Slope and Pitch the roof’s slope 888-784-0878 West Conshohocken, PA 19428 www.quality-edge.com 610-832-9500 These measure the Slope = Rise (inches) ÷ Run (in feet) www.astm.org steepness of the roof plane. Residential Building Code 1. Determine the rise in inches Organizations Asphalt Roofing The Slope = The ratio of the roof’s 8' x 12" = 96" of rise Manufacturers Association rise in inches to the 2. Determine the run in feet Building Officials and Code 4041 Powder Mill Road roof’s horizontal run Run = ½ of span: 24' ÷ 2 = 12' Administrators International Suite 404 in feet. 3. Divide rise by run 4051 West Flossmoor Road Calverton, MD 20704-3106 96 ÷ 12 = 8 Country Club Hills 301-231-9050 The Pitch = The ratio of the roof’s Illinois 60478-5795 www.asphaltroofing.org rise to the roof’s 4. This is your slope 8"/12". 800-214-4321 span. www.bocai.org c onstruction Specifications Institute The most common use in the field i nternational Conference 601 Madison Street is the roof’s slope. of Building Officials Alexandria, VA 22314

5360 Workman Mill Road 703-684-0300 APPE ND IX Rise 8' (96") Whittier, California 90601-2298 www.csinet.org 800-284-4406 Run 12' www.icbo.org Span 24'

Common roofing terms 88 Contacts 89 council of American National Roofing Building Officials Contractors Association Northcentral Technical College 10255 West Higgins Road 1000 Campus Drive Suite 600 Wausau, WI 54401-1899 Rosemont, IL 60018-5607 715-675-3331 847-299-9070 www.northcentral.tech.wi.us www.roofonline.org home Ventilating Institute 1000 roof Consultants Institute North Rand Road, Suite 214 1500 Sunday Drive, Suite 204 Wauconda, IL 60084 Raleigh, NC 27607 847-526-2010 1-800-828-1902 www.hvi.org Member Services www.rci-online.org i nternational Remodeling Contractors Association roofing Industry Committee 17 South Main Street of Wind Issues East Granby, CT 06026 13303 U.S. 19N 800-937-4722 Clearwater, FL 34624 www.remodeling 813-536-0456 association.com r oofing Industry NA HB Remodelers Council Educational Institute 1201 15th Street, NW 14 Inverness Drive East Washington, DC 20005 Building H, Suite 110 202-822-0212 Englewood, CO 80112 303-790-7200 National Association of the [email protected] Remodeling Industry 3800 North Fairfax Drive In Canada: Suite 2 Arlington, VA 22203-1627 c anadian Roofing 703-276-7600 Contractors Association www.ebtech.com 2430 Don Reid Drive, Suite 100 Ottawa, ON K1H 1E1 800-461-2722 www.roofingcanada.com

Contacts 90

Gaining the edge on the roofing market

2712 Walkent Drive, Walker, Michigan 49544 Phone: 888-784-0878 fax: 616-735-3844 www.quality-edge.com I NT ROOFG 10/07