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5. Secteur De Sejnane 1 République Tunisienne Institut FranÇaïs de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement Ministère de l"Agricult~re en Coopération ( ORSTOM ) Direction des Re&sources sn Eau mission en Tunisie HOMOGENEISATION ET EXTENSION DES DONNEES PLUVIOMETRIQUES DE LA TUNISIE DU NORD 5 - SECTEUR DE SEJNANE H.CAMUS B.ABIDI Directeur de recherches Ingénieur Adjoint à l'OR5T0I1 DRE Avec la collaboration de l"équipe de Tinja et de A.Atrous Avril 1987 1 1 1 SOMMAIRE 1 1 Pages Introduction 1 1 - HOMOGENEISATION ET EXTENSION DES DONNEES 3 1 2 - ETUDE STATISTIQUE DE LA PLUIE ANNUELLE 12 1 ANNEXE 1 23 ANNEXE 2 28 1 ANNEXE 3 38 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -2- 1 1 1 1 C L' 1- a IJ p 0 r 1 ~ s t COI 1'.:",1 LT ~ à l' h 0 ln 0 lJ è Tl é i '~a t i 0 Tl d e 1 ~ 1 pluviométrie annuelle rles pl1'.>tes du spctt?ur' de SE]I\JANE.Ce secteur fait parti!::' de la .-égiull ~,jl)l-d--IchkE.?ul et complète l'étude entreprise sur 1 'p><trème Nord ( région de Tabarka ),les 1 région de Bizerte et de Ras Jebel. (Cf .fig.1 ) .Nuus avons pour ce rapport gardé la ~ème présentation que pour les rdpports précédents 1 C'l~st ainsi que le lE.'cteur troUVf:'I-a dans un pl-emler temps quelques réfle><ions sur les problèmes post-s à la 'fois par l'étendue du secteur' et par le nomb,-,,=, de postes que nüus avons 1 été amenés à prendre en considération.Puis seront présentés les résultats de 1 'hornogénéisation [Je 2S postes pluviométrique".:> 6!t leur extension à LJlIe période de 3S annéps ( 1950-1983 ).Enfin dans la dE:!I'nii?re partll:o',nous donl-,E.'\-on~, 11::'s ,-é!::iultats de l'f?tudt:' 1 statistique des plules annuelles étendu12s des diffé,-er,ts po'::.I.t's de ce secteur. 1 Les corrections apportées au fichier,les valeurs de l'extension et les fiches signalétlques ~t llistoriques dE:-~, différents postes p,luviométriques qu'ils soient ou non,retenu'..i 1 pour l'étude sant annexées au présent rapport. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -3- 1 1 HOMOGENEISATION ET EXTENSION DES DONNEES 1 Nous présentons sur la fig.l ci-dessous ,la zone étudiée Hachures verticales ) et nous dvons portés sur la fig.2 ,l'emplacement des différents postes pluviométriques qui 1 ont ou bien ont été - à une période quelconque ,en activité. 1 1 o 1 1 1 .oG) 1 " . ~"" '.. 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Li-. .. 1IIIE-.AK'"1I , 1 • ....,, , • , ," 1 - Id ,Jo,,:., .. 1 • Ir=·::.n ,--, . /''''' . 11 -U rr:r .'..... , '\,--",- ... _",' J .....~... l' - I;]...l.'·-A • • ... ,• 'DoUI!O\ U- 'Dw~I.:,· • 1 •• SlIK "...,. &t - malA .',, " ... , •• ...,.,.a lJ-~ , a._ \.. ,.IC>JD II - 1UtlS ' ...... , •• &Dl lJ-ID.1"~ ~ . ,.~. .... ~ 1 .-' .1 - au Na Secteur étudié • Secteurs étudiés 1 • dans le rapport 1 Fig.l - Secteur etudié ( zone hachurée ·~erticalelE'nt ) Nous ne nous sommes intéressés qU'à la période 1950­ 1983,puisque antérieurement il n'y avait que très peu de postes 1 qui fonctionnaient,sur des périodes plus ou moins alternées,ce qui nous met souvent dans l 'impossibillté de retenir des années communes à plus de trois d'entre eux.II n'est peut-étre pas 1 inutile de rappeler que l'application de la méthode dite du vecteur des indices" ,impOSE:? deux conditions un minimum de trois postes observés par année, une période d'observations par poste égale à N/4. ( 1 N étant le nombre d'années correspondant à la période retenue pour l'homogénéisation >. 1 1 1 -4- 1 On peut constater que le secteur de SeJnane tel que 1 nou si' a vons cl é 1 i ln i t é est t r ès é tefidu, s P d t i ë.l E' men t par 1 an t ,puisqu'il va du lac Ichkeul ,'1 la r-éyion d'Ouchtata.La densité des postes est très faible (enVlrun 1 ;Joste pour 100 km2 l,mais leur r é par t i t ion est r El l il t ivemen t b [) n ne. N (J usav 0 '1 S r encon t ,- é, s 1 quelques difficultés dans l'etude de ce secteur,dIfficultés dues principalement a la présence de trois postes pluviométriques faisant partie de ce que nous avions appelË- le secteur "Mal-in".ll 1 s'agit des postes situés SUI les ilès ue la Galite et de Galiton,ainsi '-lue celuI de Cop Sel-,-at.f~r;mpt,? tellU des résulL"ts obtenus dans le secteur de Tdbarka .~vec le poste de Tabar~a Phare que nous avions t1ditl'> dv'(?C I(~'", Llut'-G'S pLstE'S du sL'cteur' 1 nous avons essayé de faire ~e même pour le secteur de ~eJnane. orl peut également n','lte,-, 'lu -",,'l ,- dl',Oll cie Id ~él' iLJLJ~ 1 relat ivement courte sur laquelle por-te l' homoLJènéisat ion, il nous a été possible de p,-endre en compte J.::::s puSt2S qui !l'ont yuère plus de 8 années d ' 0 b ser vat ions _ ( Ce c: i pou r ,- é P 0 n d r e à l ci C'[?'-~t 1 deuxième cundltion qui nous est fixée :f\l:'4 l. .ilnsi yU":­ nous nous sommes retrouvés a~ec un secteur ne comportant pas moins de 31 postes,Llu' i l a été ,-,2cE,ssail e dr, ,-épar' l ,'- en deu,·: sou s - sec t eur S , en prerl a Tl t co mm e cri t ère Li e s é p .:. r 3. t ion, les 1 vallées et les rnontagnf's ".Nous dVGnS e'lsuite étudlEI­ séparèmment les deux sous-secteurs,qui n'avaient d'ailleurs pas des périodes d'homogénéisation identiques. 27 années avec lS 1 po stes pourI' u ÎI ,:1 2 années a v e c 12 p 11 S t 1:.' S P () U 1 ]' au t ," e .).,::;p r è s plusieurs pêls'::,ages,et quelque'; correctiuns, les ré'::':.Jltats obtE.:lll"S avec les deux post~s situés sur les iles Galite et Gailton se sont avél-és tellement "biza,-re';" que nous avons été cont,-aint 1 de les éliminer. CCJ inlTl l' peur- tau';;; lus '::.Ecteu:":., ,~éJ'~ étudIés,CE t,l'"j',/ail 1 d'homogénéisation des donn~es pluviü,nét,-iquE's ;) l'éct'îE:'11e annuel.le ,a été LO<T\plété p.)r une f?nqLOèle ,-je ter-r-alll.( Tournée'~ relatives au postes du secteur de Sejndne des JO Janvier, 1~ 1 mars, 10 et 17 avr il 1986) . Nous nOdS sommes ai :15 i aperÇu que depuis quelques annees,un certain nombr~ C'OI g~nis~es ( d'état ou privé) effecL...lent pOLIr 12Ui- p;'opre (,}:rpt.e dp.s fTI",·su,-e,=- cl2 plUVIométrie et qU'li est ainsi pOSSIble d'obtelli,- don~; 1 certaines zones des rEo-nseignements trË'C-, inter-r-essants'.:.jui complètent certaInes sèrlE"~ d'obser-v.'ltlllll'::' dont nULl', disposons.ll nous E=.t mème dr-:-ive,- c.la,l'-j cE:i'la::-,s ;;;erteul-:::' cl", 1 "découvrir" des oljservatiolls sur ~ILJS de 25 clnnées,c!ollt nous i g norio n s t G t do 1 e nr e n t l' e x i sten <: t,", _ 1: S E' rai t S 0 , " h ait'"" b 1 e que c ~ s " po stes ~; 0 i E? nt con n l~ scie 1 a DRE 0 li dei' l 1\) f"J pt r] w E' t 0 U ': e c, ~LJ' 1 ces données ne ;-",stent (Jas IgnOf",=·es.l1'cl''O, dU (u"l, cll'-t,> L?l'le', p u i s se ÎI t é t r e Li 1: l 1 i S l? e s p cl r l lè plu 5 y 1- 3 r, d r. C ln b r e . L'étudE' de:=, (Jeu>: SOI.J';-secteu,-c, d ""té m~;'H~! à tE'l-rr,e, CE, qui nous a donr,é deu< vecteurs j'Indice-; pluvicmétriquL's 1 compal-ables ,mais Ilt2 recol,..;pant pas le:. ,T,Elne pél-iùd2.;~ ce stad,"? de l'étude,nous avions deu:>( possibilités pour obtenir une période d'étude homogène Pr'endr'e en cGmpte le 'v'ectE'u,- le' plus lOlll].Et 1 chercher une corrèlation permettant de passer dœ l'un à l'autre ,comme celà avait été falt par Laffuigue et Mt0ITll 1902l,pour- les vecteurs de Tunisie Centrale. 1 1 1 -- - - -- - - -- - -- -- - -- - -- ./ 7~ ?'O f,oc ~ 1 40 lOV8 : AIN U_ ~ ]()279 : AIN U_ TAMAA • l21!JO Xl519 : AIN ZAIIIOUS AOUAHA Xl782 : Ml1'" )S'71 i~ )()841 : BEL IF ~ ]14lW : eN' 51_T / } !, ]1610 : 00DiA / 318~ : DJALTA ,~ i ]1869 : JEBEL AlIOO Ecol. ]21~ : JElEL ESSE'" ~. /]·1.1 1 r ]26~ : FEN SALSAR .1 ]27~ : FRETlSSA S.M »G~ '2810 : LA Gl.LlT[ S.M ./ \ / ]40'5' ir ~r '2816 : Gl.LlTON • .... _""". .... 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