The Globalization Reader, Fifth Edition
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Civil Courage Newsletter
Civil Courag e News Journal of the Civil Courage Prize Vol. 11, No. 2 • September 2015 For Steadfast Resistance to Evil at Great Personal Risk Bloomberg Editor-in-Chief John Guatemalans Claudia Paz y Paz and Yassmin Micklethwait to Deliver Keynote Barrios Win 2015 Civil Courage Prize Speech at the Ceremony for Their Pursuit of Justice and Human Rights ohn Micklethwait, Bloomberg’s his year’s recipients of the JEditor-in-Chief, oversees editorial TCivil Courage Prize, Dr. content across all platforms, including Claudia Paz y Paz and Judge Yassmin news, newsletters, Barrios, are extraordinary women magazines, opinion, who have taken great risks to stand television, radio and up to corruption and injustice in digital properties, as their native Guatemala. well as research ser- For over 18 years, Dr. Paz y Paz vices such as has been dedicated to improving her Claudia Paz y Paz Bloomberg Intelli - country’s human rights policies. She testing, wiretaps and other technol - gence. was the national consultant to the ogy, she achieved unprecedented re - Prior to joining UN mission in Guatemala and sults in sentences for homicide, rape, Bloomberg in February 2015, Mickle- served as a legal advisor to the violence against women, extortion thwait was Editor-in-Chief of The Econo - Human Rights Office of the Arch - and kidnapping. mist, where he led the publication into the bishop. In 1994, she founded the In - In a country where witnesses, digital age, while expanding readership stitute for Com- prosecutors, and and enhancing its reputation. parative Criminal judges were threat - He joined The Economist in 1987, as Studies of Guate- ened and killed, she a finance correspondent and served as mala, a human courageously Business Editor and United States Editor rights organization sought justice for before being named Editor-in-Chief in that promotes the victims of the 2006. -
Trade and Labour Mario Pianta
University of Urbino From the SelectedWorks of Mario Pianta 2001 Trade and labour Mario Pianta Available at: https://works.bepress.com/mario_pianta/62/ Global Trade and Globalising Society Challenges for Governance and Sustainability: the Role of the EU Proceedings of a dialogue workshop held in Brussels on 14-15 December 2000 Edited by Angela Liberatore and Nikolaos Christoforides Brussels, November 2001 PREFACE Preface Fostering dialogue between researchers, policymakers and citizens The European Union is undergoing radical changes in its social, economic, political, technological, demographic, cultural and institutional structure. These changes range from the establishment of a common currency to the introduction of a European citizenship, from new family structures to new ways of working, all this while Europe is enlarging and acting in a global context. Research can play a constructive role in understanding those changes, identifying opportunities and risks, assessing the feasibility, acceptability and impacts of different policy options. Such constructive role however can only be played if research enters in sustained dialogue with those who are at the same time potential users of research, actors of change, and holders of important forms of practical knowledge. In other words, research should not only aim at ‘communicating its results’ to the people ‘outside’ the research system, but should also ‘listen to and learn from’ the experience and concerns of the various social actors or- as it is often said- the various ‘stakeholders’. The ‘dialogue workshops’ series organised within the Key Action ‘Improving the socio-economic knowledge base’ intends therefore to improve multidirectional communication –as opposed to unidirectional diffusion of information- in relation to a number of different but related issues and functions. -
A History of Globalization 1750-2050
Department of History University of Warwick 3rd Year Advanced Option Course HI 31V A HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION 1750-2050 Module Booklet 2018-19 Course Tutor: Giorgio Riello Department of History Room H014, ext. 22163 Email: [email protected] 1 HI 31V ONE WORLD: A HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION, 1750-2050 Context We are perennially told that we live in a ‘global society’, that the world is fast becoming a ‘global village’ and that this is an age of ‘globalisation’. Yet globalisation, the increasing connectedness of the world, is not a new phenomenon. This course provides a historical understanding of globalisation over the period from the mid eighteenth century to the present. It aims to introduce students to key theoretical debates and multidisciplinary discussions about globalisation and to reflect on what a historical approach might add to our understanding of our present-day society and economy. The course considers a variety of topics including the environment, migration, the power of multinationals and financial institutions, trade, communication and the critique of globalisation. Principal Aims To introduce students through a thematic approach to modern global history (post 1750) and the history of globalization. To introduce students to key theories of globalization. To train students to consider contemporary debates in a historical perspective. To explore a range of topics related to globalization and understand how some key features of human history have changed over the period from 1750 to the present. To understand how globalization has shaped people’s lives since the industrial revolution. To provide students with perspectives on Globalization from the point of view of different world areas (ex: China, India, and Africa). -
Globalization: a Short History
CHAPTER 5 GLOBALIZATIONS )URGEN OSTERHAMMEL TI-IE revival of world history towards the end of the twentieth century was intimately connected with the rise of a new master concept in the social sciences: 'globalization.' Historians and social scientists responded to the same generational experience·---·the impression, shared by intellectuals and many other people round the world, that the interconnectedness of social life on the planet had arrived at a new level of intensity. The world seemed to be a 'smaller' place in the 1990s than it had been a quarter century before. The conclusions drawn from this insight in the various academic disciplines, however, diverged considerably. The early theorists of globalization in sociology, political science, and economics disdained a historical perspective. The new concept seemed ideally suited to grasp the characteristic features of contemporary society. It helped to pinpoint the very essence of present-day modernity. Historians, on their part, were less reluctant to envisage a new kind of conceptual partnership. An earlier meeting of world history and sociology had taken place under the auspices of 'world-system theory.' Since that theory came along with a good deal of formalisms and strong assumptions, few historians went so far as to embrace it wholeheartedly. The idiom of 'globalization,' by contrast, made fewer specific demands, left more room for individuality and innovation and seemed to avoid the dogmatic pitfalls that surrounded world-system theory. 'Globalization' looked like a godsend for world historians. It opened up a way towards the social science mainstream, provided elements of a fresh terminology to a field that had sutlcred for a long time from an excess of descriptive simplicity, and even spawned the emergence of a special and up""ttHlate variant of world history-'global history.' Yet this story sounds too good to be true. -
Inequality on the Rise?
Inequality on the rise? An assessment of current available data on income inequality, at global, international and national levels. Background document for the WESS 2013 Sergio Vieira Economic Affairs Officer – DESA December 2012 Inequality on the rise? Summary 1. Inequalities at national level are increasing in developed and developing countries, despite some exceptions in Latin America. 2. Inter-country inequalities were increasing until recently, but convergence of national mean incomes between developing and developed economies has been more evident in the last few years (before the global financial crisis in 2008). 3. International inequalities present a similar pattern than inter-country inequalities, when excluding populated countries such as China and India. The general picture of international inequalities will continue to be influenced by developments in these two countries, including in the aftermath of the global economic crisis. 4. In recent times, global inequalities have in fact increased due to the higher effect of inequalities within countries. Although national GDP per capita may have seen some convergence, inequalities within countries have increased as much. 5. There are many driving forces behind recent inequality trends that are summarized at end. Depending on how inequalities will be linked to other chapters, it will be relevant to discuss some of these driving factors in detail. 6. A last section discusses the implications of inequalities for sustainable development, which may be relevant for other chapters in the WESS. 1. Inequalities within countries, clearly on the rise: - Income inequalities in OECD countries have been increasing in recent years in almost all countries. In OECD countries, the Gini coefficient rose on average from 0.29in the mid-1980s to 0.316 in the late 2000s. -
Changes in Income Inequality from a Global Perspective: an Overview
Changes in income inequality from a global perspective: an overview Thomas Goda April 2013 PKSG Post Keynesian Economics Study Group Working Paper 1303 This paper may be downloaded free of charge from www.postkeynesian.net © Thomas Goda 2013 Users may download and/or print one copy to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research and may forward the link to others for similar purposes. Users may not engage in further distribution of this material or use it for any profit-making activities or any other form of commercial gain. Changes in income inequality from a global perspective: an overview Abstract: Rising income inequality has recently moved into the centre of political and economic debates in line with increasing claims that a global rise in income inequality might have been a root cause of the subprime crisis. This paper provides an extensive overview of world scale developments in relative (i.e. proportional) income inequality to determine if the claims that the latter was high prior to the crisis are substantiated. The results of this study indicate that (i) non-population adjusted inequality between countries (inter-country inequality) increased between 1820 and the late 1990s but then decreased thereafter, while there was a steady decrease after the 1950s when population weights are taken into account; (ii) income inequality between ‘global citizens’ (global inequality) increased significantly between 1820 and 1950, while there was no clear trend thereafter; (iii) contemporary relative income inequality within countries (intra-country inequality) registered a clear upward trend on a global level since the 1980s. Keywords: Personal income distribution; trends in income inequality JEL classifications: D31; N3 Acknowledgements : I would like to thank Photis Lysandrou, John Sedgwick and Chris Stewart for their helpful comments. -
Globalization in Historical Perspective - David Northrup
WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY – Globalization in Historical Perspective - David Northrup GLOBALIZATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE David Northrup Department of History, Boston College, USA Keywords: Age of Divergence, globalization, Great Convergence, Great Divergence Contents 1. What is Globalization? 2. When did Globalization Begin? 2.1. The Industrial Revolution 2.2. The rise of the West 2.3. The Riches of the East 3. Turning Points 3.1. The Great Divergence of East and West 3.2 The Rise of the East 4. Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary It is generally recognized that a phenomenon known as “globalization” is rapidly altering lives in every corner of the planet. However, here is little scholarly agreement about how to define globalization and when it began. This essay argues that it is necessary to define globalization broadly, including the interactions of political, cultural, social, and biological aspects, as well as the more obvious economic ones, in order to trace its historical development. After reviewing various starting points that researchers in different disciplines have proposed, the essay distinguishes remote “beginnings” from critical “tipping points” and identifies three major tipping points that led to the present process of global convergence: the consolidation of Asian and Indian Ocean networks beginning about a millennium ago, the new sea routes opened by European expansion about five centuries ago, and the Industrial Revolution of two centuries ago. It suggests that the past millennium during which societies came closer togetherUNESCO may be distinguished from the –rest ofEOLSS human history which was dominated by divergent forces that divided human communities from each other. 1. -
It's Official
ALUMNI TRAVEL WRITERS It’s Official \ CHARLES WHITAKER JEFFREY ZUCKER SCHOLARSHIPS IS DEAN OF MEDILL \ IMC IN SAN FRANCISCO SUMMER/FALL 2019 \ ISSUE 101 \ ALUMNI MAGAZINE CONTENTS \ Congratulations to Max Bearak EDITORIAL STAFF DIRECTOR OF ALUMNI of the Washington Post RELATIONS AND ENGAGEMENT Belinda Lichty Clarke (MSJ94) MANAGING EDITOR Winner of the 2018 James Foley Katherine Dempsey (BSJ15, MSJ15) DESIGN Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism Amanda Good COVER PHOTOGRAPHER Colin Boyle (BSJ20) PHOTOGRAPHER Jenna Braunstein CONTRIBUTORS Erin Chan Ding (BSJ03) Kaitlyn Thompson (BSJ11, IMC17) Nikhila Natarajan (IMC19) Mary Neil Crosby (MSJ89) 11 MEDILL HALL OF 18 THINKING ACHIEVEMENT CLEARLY ABOUT 2019 INDUCTEES MARTECH Medill welcomes five inductees Course in San Francisco into its Hall of Achievement. helps students ask the right MarTech questions. 14 JEFFREY ZUCKER SCHOLARSHIPS 20 MEDILLIAN Two new funds aim to TRAVEL foster the next generation WRITERS of journalists. Alumni work in travel-focused positions that encourage others to explore the world. 16 MEDILL WOMEN The Nairobi Bureau Chief won for his reporting from sub-Saharan Africa. IN MARKETING PANEL 24 AN AMERICAN His stories from Congo, Niger and Zimbabwe chronicled a wide range of SUMMER Panel event with female extreme events that required intense bravery in dangerous situations PLEASE SEND STORY PITCHES alumni provides career advice. Faculty member Alex AND LETTERS TO: Kotlowitz sheds light on without being reckless or putting himself at the center of the story, new book. 1845 Sheridan Rd. said the judges, who were unanimous in their decision. Evanston, IL 60208 [email protected] 5 MEDILL NEWS / 26 CLASS NOTES / 30 OBITUARIES / 36 KEEP READING .. -
1 Introduction: Concepts of Globalization There Have Been
Introduction to Luke Martell, The Sociology of Globalization, 2010, pre-publication version. Introduction: Concepts of Globalization There have been many trends in sociology in recent decades. These have varied from country to country. One was a concern with class and social mobility from the 1950s onwards, in part evident in debates between Marxists and Weberians. In the ‘60s and ‘70s feminists argued that such debates had marginalised another form of social division, gender inequalities. Feminism grew in influence, itself being criticised for failing to appreciate other divisions, for instance ethnic inequalities identified by those with postcolonial perspectives. In the 1980s this concern with differences was highlighted in postmodern ideas, and the power of knowledge was analysed by theorists like Michel Foucault. In the 1980s and ‘90s a more homogenising idea came to the fore, globalization. This also then went on to stress local difference and plurality. The themes of globalization were not new, but the word and the popularity of the idea really came to the fore in the 1980s (an early mention is in Modelski 1972). Why did globalization become a popular idea? One reason is the rise of global communications, especially the internet, which made people feel that connections across the world were flowing more strongly, speedily and becoming more democratic. With the end of the cold war it seemed that the bipolar world had become more unified, whether through cultural homogenisation or the spread of capitalism. People became more conscious of global problems, like climate change. Economic interdependency and instability were more visible. Money flowed more freely and national economies went into recession together in the 1970s and again 30 years later. -
Income Inequality in an Era of Globalisation: the Perils of Taking a Global View1
Department of Economics ISSN number 1441-5429 Discussion number 08/19 Income Inequality in an Era of Globalisation: The Perils of Taking a Global View1 Ranjan Ray & Parvin Singh Abstract: The period spanned by the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century has been characterised by political and economic developments on a scale rarely witnessed before over such a short period. This study on inequality within and between countries is based on a data set constructed from household unit records in over 80 countries collected from a variety of data sources and covering over 80 % of the world’s population. The departures of this study from the recent inequality literature include its regional focus within a ‘world view’ of inequality leading to evidence on difference in inequality magnitudes and their movement between continents and countries. Comparison between the inequality magnitudes and trends in three of the largest economies, China, India, and the USA is a key feature of this study. The use of household unit records allowed us to go beyond the aggregated view of inequality and provide evidence on how household based country and continental representations of the income quintiles have altered in this short period. A key message of this exercise in that, in glossing over regional differences, a ‘global view’ of inequality gives a misleading picture of the reality affecting individual countries located in different continents and with sharp differences in their institutional and colonial history. In another significant departure, this study compares the intercountry and global inequality rates between fixed and time varying PPPs and reports that not only do the inequality magnitudes vary sharply between the two but, more significantly, the trend as well. -
John Micklethwait Editor-In-Chief, Bloomberg News Adrian Wooldri
The Economic Club of New York _________________________________ John Micklethwait Editor-in-Chief, Bloomberg News Adrian Wooldridge Political Editor, The Economist _________________________________ The Virus Should Wake Up the West Video Conference April 21, 2020 Moderator: Marie-Josée Kravis Chairman, The Economic Club of New York Senior Fellow, The Hudson Institute The Economic Club of New York – John Micklethwait & Adrian Woolridge – April 21, 2020 Page 1 Introduction President Barbara Van Allen Welcome everyone. Thank you for joining us today. This is Barbara Van Allen, President of The Economic Club. And we will get started in exactly two minutes. Thank you. Chairman Marie-Josée Kravis Good morning everyone, and welcome. I’m Marie-Josée Kravis, the Chairman of The Economic Club and a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute. And as I said to many of our members who have participated in these previous calls, The Economic Club of New York, which we think of as the nation’s leading nonpartisan forum to discuss economic, social and political issues, feels a special responsibility in this time of crisis to bring you relevant information regarding both the health crisis and the economic and political implications that we’re now witnessing and that we will witness going forward. So I’d like to extend a special welcome to members of The Economic Club of New York but also of The Economic Clubs of Chicago and Washington, D.C. as well as those from the New York Women’s Forum who have also been invited to join the call today. I hope you and your families are well and safe and continue to be so. -
Title Page Name: Jacob Richard Thomas Affiliation: Sociology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States Postal Address: 500 Landfair
Title Page Name: Jacob Richard Thomas Affiliation: Sociology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States Postal Address: 500 Landfair Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Telephone number: +1 773 510 6986 Email address: [email protected] Word Count: 9959 words Disclosure Statement: I have no financial interest or benefit arising from all direct applications of my research. Whither The Interests of Sending Communities In Theories of a Just Migration Policy? 1 Abstract When democratic, liberal, and communitarian political theorists make normative claims about what a just global migration policy should be, they usually focus on issues of admission, undocumented or irregular immigrants, border control, and membership, and ignore the impact of international human capital movement on countries of origin. I scrutinize this neglect with respect to the case of Filipino medical professionals, a particularly astonishing example of human capital flight from a country of origin, or brain drain, since it deprives such countries of returns from investments they made in human capital, deprives them of public goods, and leads them to cumulative disadvantage in development. In light of this empirical example, I then critique Arash Abizadeh, Joseph Carens and Michael Walzer for not reflecting on how accounting for the impact of brain drain would force them to re-evaluate what is a just immigration policy in three ways: 1) They would have to think about social justice not only in nationalist terms as being relevant to those inhabiting the migrant receiving state but also those in sending states. 2) They could no longer ignore the way in which migration and economic development of poorer areas in the world are related.