Byzantina Symmeikta
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St. Michael and Attis
St. Michael and Attis Cyril MANGO Δελτίον XAE 12 (1984), Περίοδος Δ'. Στην εκατονταετηρίδα της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας (1884-1984)• Σελ. 39-62 ΑΘΗΝΑ 1986 ST. MICHAEL AND ATTIS Twenty years ago, when I was working on the apse mosaics of St. Sophia at Constantinople, I had ample opportunity to contemplate what is surely one of the most beautiful works of Byzantine art, I mean the image of the archangel Gabriel, who stands next to the enthroned Theotokos (Fig. 1). Gabriel is dressed in court costume; indeed, one can affirm that his costume is imperial, since he is wearing red buskins and holding a globe, the symbol of universal dominion. Yet neither the Bible nor orthodox doctrine as defined by the Fathers provides any justification for portraying an archangel in this guise; no matter how great was his dignity in heaven, he remained a minister and a messenger1. Only God could be described as the equivalent of the emperor. How was it then that Byzantine art, which showed extreme reluctance to give to Christ, the pambasileus, any visible attributes of royalty other than the throne, granted these very attributes to archangels, who had no claim to them? An enquiry I undertook at the time (and left unpublished) suggested the following conclusions: 1. The Byzantines themselves, I mean the medieval Byzantines, could offer no reasonable explanation of the iconography of archangels and seemed to be unaware of its meaning. On the subject of the globe I found only two texts. One was an unedited opuscule by Michael Psellos, who, quite absurdly, considered it to denote the angels' rapidity of movement; "for", he says, "the sphere is such an object that, touching as it does only a tiny portion of the ground, is able in less than an instant to travel in any direction"2. -
Constantinople As Center and Crossroad
Constantinople as Center and Crossroad Edited by Olof Heilo and Ingela Nilsson SWEDISH RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN ISTANBUL TRANSACTIONS, VOL. 23 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................... 7 OLOF HEILO & INGELA NILSSON WITH RAGNAR HEDLUND Constantinople as Crossroad: Some introductory remarks ........................................................... 9 RAGNAR HEDLUND Byzantion, Zeuxippos, and Constantinople: The emergence of an imperial city .............................................. 20 GRIGORI SIMEONOV Crossing the Straits in the Search for a Cure: Travelling to Constantinople in the Miracles of its healer saints .......................................................... 34 FEDIR ANDROSHCHUK When and How Were Byzantine Miliaresia Brought to Scandinavia? Constantinople and the dissemination of silver coinage outside the empire ............................................. 55 ANNALINDEN WELLER Mediating the Eastern Frontier: Classical models of warfare in the work of Nikephoros Ouranos ............................................ 89 CLAUDIA RAPP A Medieval Cosmopolis: Constantinople and its foreigners .............................................. 100 MABI ANGAR Disturbed Orders: Architectural representations in Saint Mary Peribleptos as seen by Ruy González de Clavijo ........................................... 116 ISABEL KIMMELFIELD Argyropolis: A diachronic approach to the study of Constantinople’s suburbs ................................... 142 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS MILOŠ -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
Ernest Mamboury (1878 — 1953)
Biyografya : ERNEST MAMBOURY (1878 — 1953) Dr. SEMAV~~ EY~ CE Istanbul'un tarihi ve arkeolojik ara~t~ rmalar sahas~, geçen y~l beklenmedik bir surette ölen Prof. Dr. Alfons Maria Schneider'den sonra 1, bu y~l da Ernest Mamboury'yi kaybetmi~~ bulunuyor. Öm- rünün büyük bir k~sm~n~~ yurdumuzda geçiren Mamboury çok ~ey görmü~~ ve çok malzeme toplam~~~ olmakla beraber, faaliyetinin büyük bir k~sm~n~~ memleketimizin muhtelif bölgeleri hakk~ ndaki rehberlere hasretmi~~ ve bunlar aras~ nda bilhassa bir tanesi, muhtelif dillerde birçok bask~lar~~ yap~lan Istanbul rehberi ile, hakl~~ bir ~öhrete eri~- mi~tir 2. I. HAYATI Ernest Mamboury, ~sviçre'nin Waud (Waadtland) kantonunda, Cenevre gölü k~y~s~ndaki Nyon'da ~~ Nisan 1878 de dünyaya gelmi~, çok küçük ya~ta iken k~sa bir fas~ la ile baba ve annesini kaybetmi~tir. Nyon kolejinde ve Lausanne'da Ecole Normale'de tahsilini yapt~ k- tan sonra Cenevre'deki Ecole des Arts Industriels'den 1905 de dip- loma alarak k~sa bir müddet için Paris'e gitmi~~ ve burada Güzel Sanatlar Akademisinin Seramik bölümüne devam etmi~tir. Mam- boury 1906'da yurduna döndü~ünde, resim ö~retmeni olarak Lau- sanne'da vazife alm~~t~r. Mamboury'nin isviçre'veki ö~retmenlik hayat~~ pek uzun sür- memi~tir. Bir müddet için izin alarak 19o9'da Istanbul'a gelmi~~ ve A. M. Schneider hk. bk. S. Eyice, Prof. Dr. ~ltfons Maria Schneider, "Belleten", 16 (1952) 585-598. 2 Mamboury'nin vefat~~ üzerine ~sviçre bas~n~ nda hayli yaz~~ ç~ km~~ t~ r. Bun- lardan ikisini burada bildiriyoruz, Ph. Schweinfurth, Nachruf auf einen Schweizer Byzantinisten, "Neue Zurcher Zeitung", 19 ekim 1953, Fernausgabe No. -
A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself. -
Georgiadi, F.-E. (2021): 'Classicising Histories, Chronicles, and The
Georgiadi, F.-E. (2021): ‘Classicising histories, chronicles, and the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with these terms as used by modern scholars to describe Byzantine historical narratives.’ Rosetta 26: 44-49 http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/issue26/Georgiadi.pdf Classicising histories, chronicles, and the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with these terms as used by modern scholars to describe Byzantine historical narratives Foivi-Eirini Georgiadi1 In Byzantine literature (which we nowadays know historical writing to be),2 there was a relative (but not strict or clear) distinction between histories (“ἱστορία”) and chronicles (“χρονικόν” or “χρονογραφία”). Histories were written in classical Attic Greek, according to the stylistic rules set by the ancient Greek tradition of history writing (mainly by Herodotus3 and Thucydides), and covered a relatively short period of time, close to the times when historians themselves had lived. Chronicles, on the other hand, were written in a simpler, less difficult language (although not in the vernacular). They either covered the period from the Creation of the world to the time of their composition (or perhaps a little before that), or continued the chronicle of another author, which had again started with the Creation. Early chronicles, such as the Chronicon Paschale of the seventh century and that of Theophanes Confessor (eighth/ninth century), were rather laconic, as they were structured year by year in order to record various events in a very succinct way. Subsequently, chronicles, such as those of John Skylitzes (late eleventh century), John Zonaras, Constantine Manasses and Michael Glykas (all dated to the twelfth century), were written in a language that combined Attic Greek and forms that were close to the spoken language. -
Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium'
H-War Brown on Harris, 'Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium' Review published on Thursday, November 19, 2020 Jonathan Harris. Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. ix + 288 pp. $29.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1-4742-5464-9. Reviewed by Amelia Brown (University of Queensland) Published on H-War (November, 2020) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey (Air University) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53285 Jonathan Harris’s Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium is a good general introduction to the history of this important medieval city. It is aimed at students but is also suitable for the general reader who wants to know more about Constantinople’s history, monuments, and significance. Eight chapters illuminate the city thematically from its fourth-century refoundation through its twelfth-century heyday. Another four chapters cover “The Latin interlude” and the city after the Crusader sack of 1204 up to “today” in a briefer way. There follow appendices (a time line and list of emperors), endnotes with primary and secondary citations in author-date format, a further reading list (books and online), a bibliography of primary and secondary sources, and an index. Twelve brief text boxes, four maps, and twenty small black-and-white illustrations are scattered unevenly throughout the book. This is a revised and expanded version of a 2007 first edition. Harris does not assume knowledge of Greek language, Byzantine history, or modern Istanbul but gives a coherent and accessible introduction to Constantinople. A summary of the chapters and a note on a few typographical errors are given in this review. -
02. Swthres G. Giatses:Maquetación 1
SPORT IN BYZANTIUM ABSTRACT: This paper describes, briefly, the way the Byzantine sports were formed into the New Rome, known as Byzantium, from Constantine’s I days (330-337 AD) up to the end of the empire (1453 AD). The factors that contributed to a new amateur sport movement, based on the idea of leisure and the recreation, were Christianity and the Greco-Roman sport tradition. The prohibition of the traditional Roman bloody ludi, the pause of the Greek Olympic and other pagan games helped the establishment of the basic principle of Christianity (St. Paul) that gymnastic (physical activities) are of second importance for Christians. The author provides a number of newer explanations, other than those traditionally given by other historians. KEY WORDS: Byzantium, sport, games, Christianity, chariot racing, Tzykanion, riots. RESUMEN: El artículo describe de forma somera cómo se originaron los deportes en la Nueva Roma-Bizancio, desde tiempos de Constantino I (330-337 d.C.) hasta el final del Imperio (1453). Los factores que contribu - yeron al desarrollo de un nuevo movimiento deportivo aficionado, basados en las ideas de ocio y entretenimiento, fueron el cristianismo y la tradición deportiva greco-romana. La prohibición de los sangrientos ludi romanos, la abolición de los Juegos Olímpicos y otros certámenes paganos ayudaron al establecimiento del principio básico cristiano (S. Pablo) de que las actividades físicas eran de importancia secundaria. El autor ofrece nuevas explicaciones, que difieren de las tradicionales dadas por otros historiadores. PALABRAS CLAVE: Bizancio, deporte, juegos, cristianismo, carreras de carros, tzykanion, disturbios. 15 Erytheia 28 (2007) 15-40 S. -
Byzantine Empire (Ca 600-1200): I.1
INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH ΙΝΣΤΙΤΟΥΤΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ SECTION OF BYZANTINE RESEARCH ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ NATIONAL HELLENIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION ΕΘΝΙΚΟ IΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ Τομοσ 31 VOLUME EFI RAGIA CHRISTOS G. MAKRYPOULIAS – TAXIARCHIS G. KOLIAS – THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION GEORGIOS KARDARAS OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE (CA 600-1200): I.1. THE APOTHEKAI OF ASIA MINOR (7TH-8TH C.) AN OVERVIEW OF ARMED CONFLICTS IN LATE BYZANTIUM: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND CURRENT RESEARCH ΑΘΗΝΑ • 20092021 • ATHENS CHRISTOS G. MAKRYPOULIAS – TAXIARCHIS G. KOLIAS – GEORGIOS KARDARAS AN OVERVIEW OF ARMED CONFLICTS IN LATE BYZANTIUM: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND CURRENT RESEARCH* Military history, although viewed by most outsiders as a unified field of scholarship, usually takes two forms, not necessarily mutually exclusive, but often quite distinct from each other. On the one hand, there are those who view military history from the point of organisation and institutions; to pose it differently, they are interested in establishing what an army is. Others focus on warfare itself: battles, tactics, and military strategy; in other words, they study what an army does. Historians of the latter persuasion are viewed by proponents of the so-called “new military history” as nothing more than devotees to an obsolescent histoire événementielle1. However, one can hardly question the pivotal role played by warfare in human history and, since military engagements are the tesserae which form this mosaic in all its gory detail, the necessity to study armed conflict and its effects on human society is self-evident. * The project entitled “ANAVATHMIS. Historical research and digital applications” (MIS 5002357) is implemented under the “Action for the Strategic Development on the Research and Technological Sector”, funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). -
Chronicle of Michael the Syrian and the Armenian Version (1248): a Textual Comparison
The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians Translated from Classical Armenian by Robert Bedrosian For Reverend Father Krikor Vardapet Maksoudian, who taught me the language Sources of the Armenian Tradition (Long Branch, N.J., 2013) This work is in the public domain. It may be copied and distributed freely. Maps: From Atlas Antiquus (Berlin, 1869) by Heinrich Kiepert: Asia Minor and Neighbors Syria Mesopotamia Greater Cappadocia Armenia and Neighbors Additional maps are available on the Maps page. Chronological tables are available on the Chronological Tables page. Translator's Preface Composite 1871 Edition 1870 Edition 1871 Edition (below) The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians The following Table of Contents for the Composite 1871 edition was created for the convenience of readers and is not part of the Armenian text. Author's Preface Sources Problems of Chronology Adam Seth Jared; Mt. Hermon Chaldean Kings Methusaleh Noah Sons of Noah and Their Lands Tower of Babel The Amazons Rulers of Babylon Abraham Shamiram (Semiramis) Jacob Moses Exodus Judges Saul Solomon The Queen of Sheba and Her Riddles Rulers after Solomon Tiglathpilesar Shalmaneser Darius, Daniel, Cyrus Xerxes, B.C. 486-465 Persian Kings Alexander, B.C. 356-323 Ptolemy, B.C. 323-285 Translators of the Bible Haykazean Kings Maccabees, B.C. 167-160 138 B.C. 90 B.C. Genealogy of Herod Barzaphran Julius Caesar, B.C. 100-44 Herod's Rule over the Jews Cleopatra, reigned B.C. 51-30 Birth of Jesus Coming of the Magi Selection of the Apostles Selection of the Disciples Philo, Jewish Sects Abgar, King of Edessa Claudius, A.D. -
Iconoclasm: a Christian Dilemma
ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY By STEPHEN CHARLES STEACY •• Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1969 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1978 ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY Thesis Approved: '. ~- Dean of the Graduate College 1019541 ii P~F~E This thesis is concerned with Iconoclasm, the religious upheaval which troubled the Byzantine conscience for over a century. There have been numerous theories adduced by his torians to account for this phenomenon. It is the purpose of this study to view the varying interpretations, analyze their shortcomings, and to put forth a different view of the controversy, one that more adequately expresses the deeply rooted religious nature of the movement, a movement not only of the eighth and ninth centuries but an idea which was nurtured in fertile soil of the Old Testament and Apostolic Christianity. The author wishes to express heartfelt appreciation to his thesis adviser, Dr. George Jewsbury, whose unflagging solicitude, support, and inspiration were instrumental in the preparation of this work. A note of thanks is given to Mrs. Karen Hoyer, whose typing expertise, in the final analysis, made the difference between success and failure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 1 II. THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES OF THE CONTROVERSY. • • . • . • • . • . 13 Genesis of the Cult of Icons .•.• 13 The Scriptures as the Foundation of Iconoclasm. 26 Precursors of ·the Iconoclast Movement . 30 Origen . 31 Eusebius . -
Istanbul Bibliyografyasi
İSTANBUL BİBLİYOGRAFYASI CEMAL TOKSOY* - YUNUS UĞUR** Bu çalışma, kitap ve doktora tezi formatındaki eserler Bibliyografya hazırlanırken taraması yapılan katalog merkeze alınarak yaklaşık 3.700 çalışmayı muhtevi ve Veri Tabanları şunlardır: TDV İSAM Kütüphanesi, bir listedir. İstanbul ile ilgili yapılmış tüm yayınları Milli Kütüphane, Kültür Bakanlığı Kütüphaneler Ortak kapsama iddiasında değildir. Aşağıda belirtilen kataloglar Veritabanı, Atatürk Kitaplığı, İstanbul Kitaplığı, taranarak İstanbul şehrinin tarihi ile doğrudan ilgili European Library, Library of Congress, olan çalışmalara yer verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eserler Bibliotheque National, British Library, National listelenirken kitap ve tez ayırımı yapılmadan yazarların Library of Greece, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, ve yayına hazırlayan kişilerin soyadları dikkate alınarak Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, İstanbul alfabetik sıralama yapılmıştır. Herhangi bir yazar- Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi hazırlayan ismi belirtilmeyen çalışmalar ise listenin Kütüphanesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi sonunda kitap başlıklarına göre alfabetik sıralanmıştır. Kütüphanesi, Marmara Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Tekrarlardan kaçınmak için birkaç dilde yayınlanmış Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi çalışmalardan telif yani özgün dili tercih edilmiş, Kütüphanesi, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Citation birkaç kere basımı yapılan yayınların ise ilk baskısı Index, ProQuest Dissertation, Archive.org, DART-Europe bibliyografyaya dahil edilmiştir. E-theses Portal ve http://www.envanter.gov.tr.