Information Architecture of Estonian Personalised Medicine Pilot Project Ii
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Egovernment in EE
Country Profile Highlights Strategy inside Legal Framework Actors Infrastructure Services for Citizens Services for Businesses What’s eGovernment in Estonia ISA² Visit the e-Government factsheets online on Joinup.eu Joinup is a collaborative platform set up by the European Commission as part of the ISA² programme. ISA² supports the modernisation of the Public Administrations in Europe. Joinup is freely accessible. It provides an observatory on interoperability and e-Government and associated domains like semantic, open source and much more. Moreover, the platform facilitates discussions between public administrations and experts. It also works as a catalogue, where users can easily find and download already developed solutions. The main services are: Have all information you need at your finger tips; Share information and learn; Find, choose and re-use; Enter in discussion. This document is meant to present an overview of the eGoverment status in this country and not to be exhaustive in its references and analysis. Even though every possible care has been taken by the authors to refer to and use valid data from authentic sources, the European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the included information, nor does it accept any responsibility for any use thereof. Cover picture © AdobeStock Content © European Commission © European Union, 2018 Reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. eGovernment in Estonia May 2018 Country Profile ..................................................................................................... -
SWOT Analysis of Healthcare in Argentina 16
Global Longevity Governance Landscape 50 Countries Big Data Comparative Analysis of Longevity Progressiveness www.aginganalytics.com 50 Regions Practical Recommendations Countries with Low HALE and Life Expectancy and High Gap: 3 Recommendations United States Iran In death ratio some improvements are observed owing to The health system is one of the most complex systems with declining death rates from the three leading causes of death many variables and uncertainties. The management of this in the country -- heart disease, cancer and stroke. But in system needs trained managers. One of the current recent years, in United States costs of healthcare provision shortcomings is lack of those specifically trained for this have started to rise much more quickly with greater use of purpose. There is all high income inequality in the country. modern technological medicine. While spending is highest, Government should improve access in healthcare coverage the United States ranks not in the top in the world for its for the families with a low income. levels of health care. So, first of all, in order to improve HALE Turkey government should improve health insurance for poor Turkey faces a health care system inefficiencies. Infant population as there is big income inequality and reduce high mortality rate is relatively high and not all population had administrative costs for cost efficiency. The government health insurance, resulting in unequal healthcare access should focus on medical advances, some improvements in among different population groups. It is need to improve lifestyle, and screening and diagnosis. access for high-quality healthcare services and target the Estonia main causes of death through government initiatives. -
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities His Excellency
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities His Excellency Mr Toomas Hendrik Ilves Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Estonia Rävala 9 TALLINN EE 0100 Republic of Estonia The Hague Reference no.: 21 May 1997 359/97/L Dear Mr Minister, With great interest I read your statement in the Permanent Council of the OSCE on 10 April 1997 in which you commented on our conversation in Tallinn on 8 April 1997. I was glad to note your positive assessment of the efforts I have made since 1993 to be of assistance to Estonia in solving its inter-ethnic problems. I have also studied carefully the papers prepared by your Ministry and sent to the members of the Permanent Council regarding the issues raised during my visit to Tallinn on 8/9 April 1997 and regarding the recommendations I have made to the Government of Estonia during the period from April 1993 to October 1996. Please allow me to send you a detailed reaction which I will also send to the members of the Permanent Council two weeks after you have received this letter. First of all, I should like to make some general remarks about the situation of the over 200,000 persons in Estonia who have neither the Estonian nor any other citizenship. As I have remarked before, I have found no evidence that persons belonging to national minorities in Estonia are systematically persecuted, or that there are persistent violations of their human rights. The assurance I received in July 1993 from the then Prime Minister, Mr Laar, that Estonia does not intend to start a policy of expulsion from Estonia of Russian speakers has been repeated by subsequent Governments and I feel confident that this will continue to be the case in the future. -
Reforms in the Hospital Healthcare System in Macedonia, Estonia and Hungary
Reforms in the Hospital Healthcare System in Macedonia, Estonia and Hungary An overview of the implemented reforms, the reactions from stakeholders and evaluation of policies Introduction The aim of this study is to explore healthcare reforms of the public health system in Estonia, Hungary and Macedonia in terms of changes in the level of corporatization, autonomization and decentralization of the health care sector – commonly denominated as New Public Management (NPM), within the period of most recent and intensive reforms for each respective country. The study at hand consists of three individual country reports which reflect and assess the reforms which were implemented within their respective national contexts. Each of the reports, firstly provides an overview of the reforms implemented, while also assessing how these reforms fit within the NPM paradigm. Subsequently, each country report explores the effects of the reforms on health care employees and whether the changes had triggered some kind of collective responses by labor unions and the general public. Each country report concludes by highlighting the potential impact of employees and the public’s reaction in shaping the course of healthcare sector reforms and in the quality of health services in general. Finally, this study concludes with a comparative overview of the general trends in healthcare reforms in all three countries as representative of post-socialist transitioning states. Methodology Reforms in health care sectors were traced by sector-specific government programs and changes in the related legislation. Reaction of employees and the public were mapped through daily news and other media sources, surveys and opinion polls, as well as written declarations and petitions of labor unions and other related employee associations and patients’ representatives. -
Local Self-Government Reforms in Europe: Legal Aspects of Considering the Communities' Social Identity
Local self-government reforms in Europe: legal aspects of considering the communities' social identity Professor Tetyana SEMIGINA1 Professor Olena MAIDANNYK2 Professor Yuriy ONISCHYK3 Associate professor Yaroslav ZHURAVEL4 Abstract The implementation of local self-government reform is closely linked to the social identity, a concept that includes common territory of residence, history of origin and development, social interaction, moral standards, values, traditions, interests, habits and needs. In order to study the realm of different European countries in implementing of the decentralization policy and the current state of regulation of the local-self government issues with respect to the social identity the comparative-law, formal and legal, and system- structural methods were used. The cross-national comparative study reveals that in Austria, Spain, France, Poland, the formation of local communities’ associations was preceded with regard to the economic criterion and the permission of the executive branch, while the opinion of local communities’ members is only advisory. In Estonia, the legislation regulates the procedure on the formation of unions of townships or cities, as well as a list of issues to be discussed with local communities’ members. However, the decisive move is still left to the government. In Ukraine, it is statutory that a decision to form a united territorial community could be adopted only after positive discussions with members of the relevant local communities. Keywords. social identity, local community, local self-government, local self- government bodies, local government reform. JEL Classification: K23, K30 1. Introduction Society is viewed as a social environment of human existence; it determines the formation of local communities with their own subculture, history and development that reflects their identity. -
An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’S Transition from Socialism to Capitalism
De oeconomia ex natione: An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’s Transition from Socialism to Capitalism Thomas Marvin Denson IV Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Besnik Pula, Committee Chair Courtney I.P. Thomas Charles L. Taylor 2 May 2017 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Estonia, post-Soviet, post-socialist, neoliberalism, nationalism, nationalist economy, soft nativism Copyright © 2017 by Thomas M. Denson IV De oeconomia ex natione: An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’s Transition from Socialism to Capitalism Thomas Marvin Denson IV Abstract This thesis explores the role played by nationalism in Estonia’s transition to capitalism in the post-Soviet era and the way it continues to impact the Estonian economy. I hypothesize that nationalism was the key factor in this transition and that nationalism has placed a disproportionate economic burden on the resident ethnic Russians. First, I examine the history of Estonian nationalism. I examine the Estonian nationalist narrative from its beginning during the Livonian Crusade, the founding of Estonian nationalist thought in the late 1800s with a German model of nationalism, the conditions of the Soviet occupation, and the role of song festivals in Estonian nationalism. Second, I give a brief overview of the economic systems of Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Finally, I examine the impact of nationalism on the Estonian economy. To do this, I discuss the nature of nationalist economy, the presence of an ethno-national divide between the Estonians and Russians, and the impact of nationalist policies in citizenship, education, property rights, and geographical location. -
Unilateral Acts of States
UNILATERAL ACTS OF STATES [Agenda item 5] DOCUMENT A/CN.4/524 Replies from Governments to the questionnaire: report of the Secretary-General [Original: English/French] [18 April 2002] CONTENTS Page IntroductIon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85 replIes from Governments to the questIonnaIre General comments ................................................................................................................................................... 86 Question 1. has the State formulated a declaration or other similar expression of the State’s will which can be considered to fall, inter alia, under one or more of the following categories: a promise, recognition, waiver or protest? if the answer is affirmative, could the State provide elements of such practice? ....................................................................................................................................... 86 Question 2. has the State relied on other States’ unilateral acts or otherwise considered that other States’ unilateral acts produce legal effects? if the answer is affirmative, could the State provide elements of such practice? ......................................................................................................................... 89 Question 3. Could the State provide some elements of practice concerning the existence of legal effects or the interpretation of unilateral acts referred to in -
Healthcare Obstacles to the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Health Systems
Easing legal and administrative obstacles in EU border regions Case Study No. 15 Healthcare Obstacles to the efficiency and effectiveness of health systems (Estonia – Latvia) Written by I. Styczyńska, D. Po February 2017 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy Directorate D: European Territorial Co-operation, Macro-regions, Interreg and Programme Implementation I Unit D2: Interreg, Cross-Border Cooperation, Internal Borders Contacts: Ana-Paula LAISSY (head of unit), Alexander FERSTL (contract manager) E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Easing legal and administrative obstacles in EU border regions Case Study No. 15 Healthcare Obstacles to the efficiency and effectiveness of health systems (Estonia – Latvia) Annex to the Final Report for the European Commission Service Request Nr 2015CE160AT013 Competitive Multiple Framework Service Contracts for the provision of Studies related to the future development of Cohesion Policy and the ESI Funds (Lot 3) Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy 2017 EN Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). -
Oral and Dental Care
Acknowledgements Estonia This Handbook has been produced by Mrs. Tiina Juhansoo, who offers grateful thanks to the following for their guidance, support, donation of appropriate materials and proof reading for accuracy of this package of information. Mr. Laine Paavo Lecturer, Tallinn University Mrs. Eve Epner Team Member, Tallinn Health College Mr. Tõnu Kauba Head of the Chair of Dental Technology, Tallinn Health College Mr. Veikko Keimann, Dentist, Novamed OÜ Mr. Andry Tulp, Assistant, Novamed OÜ Mr. Gunnar Riisenberg Project Assistant, Tallinn Health College Graphic Design Rhinoceros Ltd for layout Mr. Matti Remsu (co-ordination of the project) All materials of the project are downloadable for free from partner colleges’ websites: Oral and Dental Care www.hesote.edu.hel.fi Tallinn Tervishoiu Kõrgkool www.davinci.nl www.ttk.ee www.kbs-pfl ege.de www.kellebeek.nl www.vitaliscollege.nl This Handbook for Students has been produced within Leonardo www.linkoping.se/birgitta da Vinci - programme as a pilot project “Learning Materials for www.stevenson.ac.uk Social and Health Care Students’ Foreign Placements / ETM II” www.oszee.de (FI-06-B-P-PP-160 704) during 2006 – 2008. This publication has been funded by the European www.dundeecoll.ac.uk/?about_us/european_projects.xml Commission. The Commission accepts no responsibility for the contents of the publication. Oral and Dental Care in Estonia Content Introduction 3 1. Guidelines on Oral and 4 Dental Health Policies of WHO and EU 2. Oral health care services in Estonia 8 2.1. History and Challenges for the Future 8 2.2. Variety of Clinics 12 2.3. -
The Russian Minority Issue in Estonia: Host State Policies and the Attitudes of the Population
Polish Journal of Politica l Science Anna Tiido University of Warsaw The Russian minority issue in Estonia: host state policies and the attitudes of the population Abstract The article analyses the recent developments of the relationship between Russian minority in Estonia and its host state. It gives a theoretical background on the minority issue in the triangle of “kin -state/ minority/ host- state”. In Estonia, the principle of Restitution governed the emergence of the Estonian policies. By the end of the 1990s the elites realized that the course towards the integration of the non-Estonian minority should be taken. The mood in the society can be traced from the mostly exclusive citizenship and language policies towards more inclusive course on integration. The author states that after the events of 2014, the attitudes towards the Russian minority were mixed, with some signs of radicalization, but overall there were attempts to include the minority more in the life of the country. Keywords: Russian minority, minorities, Estonia, Russia Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015 45 Polish Journal of Politica l Science In this article I will analyze the complex relationship between the Russian minority of Estonia and its host state - Estonia. This analysis will take into account the interconnection in the triangle of „kin -state – minority - host-state“, but concentrate on the host state policies and the attitudes of both minority and majority. It is clear that the state of Estonia does not exist in a vacuum, and its policies towards minorities are being largely influenced by the third factor, that of the „kin -st ate“ of Russia. -
The State of Health Care Integration in Estonia
The State of Health Care Integration in Estonia Summary Report The World Bank Group January 2015 Table of Contents Estonian Health Insurance Fund Preface 4 World Bank Group Preface 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 8 2. Overview of the Estonian Health System 8 3. Research Rationale 11 4. Key Challenges of Care Integration 13 5. Methodological Approach 9 6. Results 18 I. A Tendency Toward Acute Inpatient Care with Extended Hospital Stays, of which Substantial Shares are Avoidable 19 II. A Tendency Toward Ambulatory Specialist Care, of which Substantial Shares are Avoidable 26 III. Weak Patient Management in Primary Care, Despite Adequate Continuity, with Little Value Added from Specialist Care for Disease Prevention 28 IV. Weak Pre and Post-Acute Coordination of Care 35 V. Integration Challenges across Population Sub-groups 42 7. Conclusion 46 8. References 48 Patient and Provider Narratives 49 ISBN 978-9949-9650-4-5 The State of Health Care Integration in Estonia Estonian Health Insurance Fund Preface All health systems face new challenges in the 21st century. One of the biggest of these is the constantly increasing number of people suffering from non-communicable diseases. Average life expectancy is growing and modern science is now capable of offering new and efficient treatments. This, in turn, creates the preconditions for a person with one or more chronic diseases to have a greater chance of living longer life with higher quality than decades ago. This is, of course provided that the health system is able to adapt to the new challenges. The Estonian Health Insurance Fund is the biggest purchaser of health care services in Estonia. -
DTA Between Estonia-Vietnam Draft
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME The Government of the Republic of Estonia and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 PERSONS COVERED This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States. Article 2 TAXES COVERED 1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises. 3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular: a) in the case of Estonia, the income tax; (hereinafter referred to as “Estonian tax”) b) in the case of Viet Nam: (i) the personal income tax; and (ii) the business income tax; (hereinafter referred to as “Vietnamese tax”). 4. The Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes.