DOCSLIB.ORG

Design and Simulation of Manual Rack and Pinion Steering System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design and Simulation of Manual Rack and Pinion Steering System IJSART - Volume 2 Issue 7 –JULY 2016 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 Design and Simulation of Manual Rack and Pinion Steering System Prashant L Agrawal1, Sahil Shaileshbhai Patel2, Shivanshu Rajeshbhai Parmar3 1 Department of Automobile Engineering 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering 1, 2 L.J institute of engineering and technology Abstract- Manual rack and pinion steering systems are commonly used due to their simplicity in construction and compactness. The main purpose of this paper is to design and manufacturemanual rack and pinion steering system according to the requirement of the vehicle for better manoeuvrability. Quantities like turning circle radius, steering ratio, steering effort, etc. are inter-dependent on each other and therefore there are different design consideration according to the type of vehicle. The comparison of resultis shown using tables which will help to design an effective steering for the vehicle. A virtual rack and pinion assembly Fig. 1. Ackermann Principle and Inner wheel and Outer wheel can be created using software like SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS. angles Keywords- Steering ratio, steering wheel torque, inner wheel and The intention of Ackermann geometry is to prevent outer wheel angle, Rack and Pinion steering. the tyres from slipping outwards when the wheels follows around a curve while taking a turn. The solution for this is that I. INTRODUCTION all wheels to have their axles settled as radii of circles with a common centre point. Since the rear wheels are fixed, this In this paper a virtual prototype of rack and pinion centre point must lie on a line extended from the rear axle. So assembly with complete SOLIDWORKS geometry is we need to intersect the front axle to this line at the common proposed to enhance and facilitate steering response by centre point. While steering, the inner wheel angle is greater varying the different parameters employed during its design than outer wheel angle. So for obtaining different results we and manufacturing. It is important to know how the different need to vary the parameters in order to obtain desired steering aspects like steering ratio, pinion diameter, rack length etc. geometry. govern the working of the mechanism. The possibility of decreasing lock to lock steering degree has motivated us to II. CALCULATIONS work upon this system. In the figure below it is shown that the total length of According to Ackermann Steering geometry, the the vehicle from the center of the front wheel to center of the outer wheels moves faster than the inner wheels, therefore, the rear wheel is called Wheel Base (b). Similarly, the total length equation for correct steering is: between center of the front left wheel to center of front right b Cot Φ – Cot θ = /l wheel is called Wheel Track (t). The distance between the two pivot joints of steering system is called Kingpin Centre to In the image shown below, Centre distance (k). The calculation of Ackermann angle is Φ = outer wheel angle shown below: θ = inner wheel angle b = track width L = wheelbase α = Ackermann angle Page | 1 www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 2 Issue 7 –JULY 2016 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 TABLE I. PREDEFINED VALUES OF THE VEHICLE Where, Y= arm base R= arm radius assumed to be 5” Sin 20.80 = Y/R Y=1.7” Thus the value of Ackermann arm base is 1.7” B. TURNING CIRCLE RADIUS: Turning circle radius is the full diameter of the smallest circle traced by the wheels when taking a full turn, () T = + OF () T = − IF Outer wheel turning circle radius: Fig. 2. Wheel Track, Wheel Base and Kingpin C-C Distance TIF = 1.96 m Inner wheel turning circle radius: -1 Ackermann angle (α) = tan [(kingpin distance/2) / TOF = 2.695 m wheelbase] -1 = tan [(38/2) / 50] Average turning circle radius (TAVG) = 2.35 m -1 = tan [0.38] = 20.80 C. RACK AND PINION CALCULATIONS: But, according to Ackermann geometry for correct TABLE II. Values of the quantities used in calculations steering, the below equation should be satisfied, thus by calculating Inner Wheel angle and Outer Wheel angle practically were: Φ = 27˚ θ = 43˚ We know that, module = Module of rack and pinion = 1.5 mm Fig. 3. Ackermann Arm Radius Steering wheel lock to lock angle is the total rotating capacity of the steering wheel (i.e. -270˚ to +270˚). Steering A. ARM BASE CALCULATIONS: Ratio is the ratio of Input from the steering wheel (in degrees) to the output on the wheels (in degrees). Arm base is a part of steering knuckle, to which the tie rods are attached. We know that sine angle in a triangle is Steering wheel lock to lock turns / angle = 1.5 turns/ 540˚ the ratio of opposite side to hypotenuse, thus, Steering ratio = 270 / 43 = 6.2: 1 = 6:1 (approx) Sin α = Y/R Page | 2 www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 2 Issue 7 –JULY 2016 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 D. STEERING WHEEL TORQUE CALCULATION: Similarly, for predefined Rack lengths, the values of Inner wheel angle, Outer wheel angle, Lock to Lock Steering The torque required to rotate the steering wheel by wheel angles and Average Turning circle radius are shown the driver is called Steering Wheel Torque (WT). below, the table shows that Rack length is directly proportional to the steering wheel lock to lock angle and The calculations for steering wheel toque as follows, inversely proportional to average turning circle radius. B T = Wu + E TABLE IV. Different quantity values for various rack lengths 8 T = kingpin torque W = axle weight = 50 kg = 120 lbs (the axle weight for every vehicle is different and it is not the total weight of the vehicle) = co-efficient of friction = 0.7 (assumed to be 0.7 for most of the road condition) E = kingpin offset = 55mm = 2.1” B = width of tire = 7” The above values will be different for every vehicle. 7 T = 50 ∗ 0.7 + 2.1 8 Where, =113.60 inch-lbs Φ = outer wheel angle =12.84 N-m θ = inner wheel angle ∗ T = Average turning circle radius Torque on Pinion gear = AVG .∗. III. CAD MODEL = .0165 = 513.6 N We have designed complete assembly of rack and pinion in SOLIDWORKS 2015, the complete design of rack Steering wheel torque = 513.6 * 6 * 0.0254 and pinion and its assembly in SOLIDWORKS 2015 is shown = 78.27 N-m below: The values of Steering Effort, Gear ratio, Steering Ratio for different predefined Pinion sized are shown below, the table shows that the change in pinion size is directly proportional to the steering effort applied by the driver and the steering ratio. And similarly pinion size is inversely proportional to Total steering lock to lock angle. The turning circle radius is independent of pinion size and remains constant in the table. Therefore, for vehicles with heavy axle loads should prefer smaller pinion pitch circle diameter. TABLE III. Different quantity values for various Pinion Sizes IV. ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS Analysis is process of analysing the components by applying load, temperature, pressure etc. and obtaining the values such as stresses (bending, tangential and normal), deformations, safety factor etc. in order to determine the safety of the components when done in practical. These Analyses gives optimum result of safety of components and minimize the chances of failure. Page | 3 www.ijsart.com IJSART - Volume 2 Issue 7 –JULY 2016 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 Three major analyses of rack and pinion on Ansys 15.0 are commonly used in light weight vehicles. The values calculated carried out here: in the paper may differ practically due to steering linkages error or due to improper steering geometry, so these values are 1) Total Deformation useful to understand the interdependency of the quantities on 2) Equivalent Stress each other and to design a ideal manual rack and pinion 3) Factor of Safety system for the vehicle. a) Total Deformation REFERENCES [1] R.S. Khurmi, J.K. Gupta “Theory of Machines”, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., Vol 1, 14th Edition, 2014. [2] S.K. Gupta “A Textbook of Automobile Engineering”, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., Vol 1, 1st Edition, 2014. [3] Saket Bhishikar, Vatsal Gudhka, Neel Dalal, Paarth Mehta, Sunil Bhil, A.C. Mehta “Design and Simulation of 4 Wheel Steering System”, International Journal of b) Factor of Safety Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), Volume 3, Issue 12, June 2014. c) Equivalent Stress Material Type: EN24 Ultimate Tensile Strength = 850 MPa Maximum Stress Obtained = 18.845 MPa Factor of Safety = 15 Maximum Deformation = 15.5757 x 10-4mm Thus after the analyses of components The Design is Completely Safe. V. CONCLUSION The manual rack and pinion steering system is not used in heavy weight vehicles due to high axle loads, although it is simple in design and easy to manufacture, therefore it is Page | 4 www.ijsart.com .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Remove/Install Rack-And-Pinion Steering 11.3.10 MODEL 203 (Except 203.081 /084 /087 /092 /281 /284 /287 /292) MODEL 209
    AR46.20-P-0600P Remove/install rack-and-pinion steering 11.3.10 MODEL 203 (except 203.081 /084 /087 /092 /281 /284 /287 /292) MODEL 209 P46.20-2123-09 1 Front axle carrier 23b Bolts, retaining plate to front axle 25 Steering coupling 1g Retaining plate carrier 25a Bolt, steering coupling to steering 10a Tie rod joints 23g Bolts, rack-and-pinion steering to shaft 21 Rubber bushing front axle carrier 25f Locking plate 23 Rack-and-pinion steering 23n Tapping plate 80a Lower steering shaft 23a Bolts, retaining plate to front axle 23q Oil lines retainer 105d Exhaust shielding plate carrier Modification notes 29.11.07 Value changed: Bolt, retaining plate of oil line to rack-and- Model 203 *BA46.20-P-1001-01F pinion steering Value changed: Bolted connection, rack-and-pinion *BA46.20-P-1002-01F steering to front axle carrier, 1st stage Value changed: Bolted connection of rack-and-pinion *BA46.20-P-1002-01F steering to front axle carrier, 2nd stage 30.11.07 Torque, retaining plate to front axle carrier incorporated Operation step 23, 24 *BA46.20-P-1004-01F Removing Danger! Risk of death caused by vehicle slipping or Align vehicle between columns of vehicle lift AS00.00-Z-0010-01A toppling off of the lifting platform. and position four support plates at vehicle lift support points specified by vehicle manufacturer. Danger! Risk of accident caused by vehicle starting Secure vehicle to prevent it from moving by AS00.00-Z-0005-01A off by itself when engine is running. Risk of itself.
    [Show full text]
  • POWER and MANUAL RACK and PINION STEERING Tabla De Diagnostico De Problemas Blies by Removing the Sans Barres D’Accouplement Ni Original a La De Reemplazo
    930724-22(R&P) 11/20/03 12:46 PM Page 1 Troubleshooting Chart Tableau de Dépannage - 2. Remove the tie rod assem- Ce type de direction est fourni de las mismas de la unidad 7. Secure the inner tie rod ATTENTION: Ne forcez pas sujetar la cremallera. ’é POWER AND MANUAL RACK AND PINION STEERING Tabla de Diagnostico de Problemas blies by removing the sans barres d’accouplement ni original a la de reemplazo. Se housings. For GM and sur le joint de la crémaillère ni 5. Instale las barras de Step-By-Step Instructions inner tie rod housing. embouts intérieurs ou suministra un juego que con- Chrysler units, stake the sur le pignon. Utilisez toujours acoplamiento en la unidad de DIRECTION À CRÉMAILLÈRE ASSISTÉE OU MANUELLE NOTE: Ford units require extérieurs. Vous devez trans- tiene las partes necesarias housing. For Ford units, une pince pour maintenir la reemplazo, teniendo cuidado de Notice d’installation détaillée férer les barres d’accouple- para garantizar una insta- install the lock pins sup- crémaillère. drilling out a pin or removing instalar la barra de servoir. DIRECCIÓN DE PI—”N Y CREMALLERA MANUAL Y SERVOASISTIDA é ment et les embouts de la laciÛn correcta. plied in the installation kit. rifiez/corrigez la Instrucciones de instalación por pasos a roll pin before the inner tie 5. Installez les barres d’ac- acoplamiento derecha en el é direction d’origine sur la nou- sito. rod can be detached. 1. DespuÈs de quitar la unidad 8. Install the shock dampen- couplement sur la nouvelle lado derecho y la izquierda en ricos (o-rings) o Û velle.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Power Steering Rack and Pinion
    Remanufactured ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING RACK AND PINION Expertly remanufactured to rigorous quality and performance standards, Product Description CARDONE® Electronic Power Steering Rack and Pinions are equipped with brand-new, premium components to guarantee exceptional longevity and Features and Benefits reliability. Each unit undergoes CARDONE’s Factory Test Drive, simulating Signs of Wear and extreme operating conditions while verifying all on-car communications. Troubleshooting All rubber sealing components are replaced, and a specialized lubricant is applied to drastically increase longevity. FAQs • 100% replacement of rubber sealing components • Application of specialized lubricant(s) for extended life • Finished in protective coating to prevent corrosion and rust • All rack & pinion/gearbox units meet or exceed O.E. form, fit and function. Signs of Wear and Troubleshooting • Knocking or clunking • Vibrations • Power Steering Assist System failure warning on Driver Information Center. • A catch or bind going into or coming out of a turn in either direction. • Intermittent high pitched screeching noise similar to the sound of a motor being actuated. Subscribe to receive email notification whenever cardone.com we introduce new products or technical videos. Tech Service: 888-280-8324 Click Steering Tech Help for technical tips, articles and installation videos. Rev Date:Rev 063015 Date: 021518 • Vehicle has a tendency to wander requiring the driver to make frequent and random and steering wheel corrections to either direction. Product Description • Shimmy; driver observes small or large, consistent, rotational oscillations Features and Benefits of the steering wheel caused by various road surfaces or side-to-side Signs of Wear and (lateral) tire/wheel movements. Troubleshooting • Poor return ability or sticky steering; the poor return of the steering FAQs wheel to center after a turn.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modern Collectible
    SKINNED KNUCKLES LARES ARTICLE CORPORATION The Modern Collectible by Orest Lazarowich A DETAILED TECHNICAL COLUMN INTENDED TO TARGET MANY MAKES AND MODELS OF POST-WAR CARS AND PICK-UP TRUCKS the steering wheel is not being turned, power Rack and Pinion steering fluid is directed around the rotary valve and out to the reservoir. The pressure is equal on Power Steering both sides of the piston. As the steering wheel is The rack and pinion power steering differs turned, the torsion bar twists and rotates the rotary slightly from the manual rack and pinion steering. valve. The valve blocks the port to the reservoir, Part of the rack contains a cylinder with a piston and fluid now flows through an opening to one in the middle. The piston is connected to the rack. side of the steering gear. At the same time the There are two fluid ports, one on either side of the other side of the cylinder is vented to the reser- piston. A torsion bar directs the rotary valve voir. With fluid pressure to one side of the piston which is connected to the steering wheel. When and none to the other, the piston moves which in RETURN LINE PUMP RESERVOIR Magazine. STEERING COLUMN ROTARY VALVE PRESSURE LINE TO ROTARY VALVE Skinned Knuckles Skinned FLUID LINES FROM ROTARY VALVE RACK HYDRAULIC PISTON PINION JULY 2014 - PAGE 11 Article content provided by Lares Corporation Steering Components • CALL 1.800.555.0767 • VISIT www.LaresCorp.com SKINNED KNUCKLES LARES ARTICLE CORPORATION turn moves the rack and causes the wheels to turn.
    [Show full text]
  • Wipro Drive-By-Wire Solutions
    Wipro Drive-By-Wire Solutions Accelerating Your Autonomous Vehicles Development Journey Wipro’s drive-by-wire system implementation extends from navigation controls to robotics controls, thus making it a comprehensive solution. Introduction Wipro’s drive-by-wire solutions enable electronic control of braking, throttle, steering, and shifting in vehicles. We understand that the intricacies of drive-by-wire solutions differ between prototype and production-grade vehicles. We implement customized and apt drive-by-wire solutions together with our trusted technology partners for any vehicle type. The system implementation extends from navigation controls to robotics controls, thus making it a comprehensive solution. Compliance to safety regulations is ensured in all implementations. Key Takeaways Prototype and one-off vehicles A less invasive approach of installing fully electrically operated servo actuators for functions Production vehicles Replacing existing systems such as power-assisted rack and pinion assembly with EPS and EPAS for steer-by-wire systems Supplementary / Auxiliary control options Direct electronic actuation with solenoid and servo proportional valves for material handling equipment such as hydraulically operated forklifts and cranes All our drive-by-wire designs meet regulatory requirements like ISO26262, ASIL-D, FMVSS and AUTOSAR Key benefits and features of Wipro drive-by-wire systems To provide the appropriate solution to the vehicle type, we place the use case-specific sensors, electronic controllers and central computing platform on top of drive-by-wire enabled system and this is integrated with Wipro’s autonomous navigation AI algorithm software stack. The autonomous navigation stack together with our range of robotic arm movement capabilities, make the end-to-end solution appropriate for any moving machine.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Driveline with Generator for an Atmospheric Energy Harvester Sneha Ganesh Clemson University
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2017 Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Driveline with Generator for an Atmospheric Energy Harvester Sneha Ganesh Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Ganesh, Sneha, "Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Driveline with Generator for an Atmospheric Energy Harvester" (2017). All Theses. 2794. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2794 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A MECHANICAL DRIVELINE WITH GENERATOR FOR AN ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY HARVESTER A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Mechanical Engineering by Sneha Ganesh December 2017 Accepted by: Dr. John Wagner, Committee Chair Dr. Yue (Sophie) Wang Dr. Todd Schweisinger ABSTRACT The advent of renewable energy as a primary power source for microelectronic devices has motivated research within the energy harvesting community over the past decade. Compact, self-contained, portable energy harvesters can be applied to wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) smart appliances, and a multitude of standalone equipment; replacing batteries and improving the operational life of such systems. Atmospheric changes influenced by cyclical temporal variations offer an abundance of harvestable thermal energy. However, the low conversion efficiency of a common thermoelectric device does not tend to be practical for microcircuit operations. One solution may lie in a novel electromechanical power transformer integrated with a thermodynamic based phase change material to create a temperature/pressure energy harvester.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Rack and Pinion Steering for All Terrain Vehicle
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 DESIGN OF RACK AND PINION STEERING FOR ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE Ajay M. Tayde1, Sanket P. Golhar2, Shital R. Ughade3, Nikita Ramdas Kakde4 1,2,3,4Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera, Amravati University, Maharashtra (INDIA) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: Aim is to design a Rack and Pinion Gearbox Above fig. shows the Rack and pinion steering is a simple (RPG) which has desired steering ratio, zero play in the system that directly converts the rotation of the steering Rack and pinion gear box and sensitive steering. Rack and wheel to straight line movement at the wheels. The pinion steering systems are commonly used due to their steering gear consists of the rack, pinion, and related simplicity in construction and compactness. Main purpose housings and support bearings. Turning the steering of this paper is to design the rack and pinion steering wheel causes the pinion to rotate. system. In this paper analyzed the two components of the steering system. In order to calculate the stresses, safety 1.1 Requirements of steering system factor, no of teeth on rack and pinion. Improve the performance of steering system. 1) Provide the proper turning to vehicle on sharp edges of track. Key words: Rack and pinion, teeth, addendum, 2) Require minimum effort to turn the vehicle. Dedendum, pitch circle 3) Design in such a way that minimum shock will be acts on driver. 1. Introduction 4) Loss of steering wheel control should not occur.
    [Show full text]
  • 1700 Animated Linkages
    Nguyen Duc Thang 1700 ANIMATED MECHANICAL MECHANISMS With Images, Brief explanations and Youtube links. Part 1 Transmission of continuous rotation Renewed on 31 December 2014 1 This document is divided into 3 parts. Part 1: Transmission of continuous rotation Part 2: Other kinds of motion transmission Part 3: Mechanisms of specific purposes Autodesk Inventor is used to create all videos in this document. They are available on Youtube channel “thang010146”. To bring as many as possible existing mechanical mechanisms into this document is author’s desire. However it is obstructed by author’s ability and Inventor’s capacity. Therefore from this document may be absent such mechanisms that are of complicated structure or include flexible and fluid links. This document is periodically renewed because the video building is continuous as long as possible. The renewed time is shown on the first page. This document may be helpful for people, who - have to deal with mechanical mechanisms everyday - see mechanical mechanisms as a hobby Any criticism or suggestion is highly appreciated with the author’s hope to make this document more useful. Author’s information: Name: Nguyen Duc Thang Birth year: 1946 Birth place: Hue city, Vietnam Residence place: Hanoi, Vietnam Education: - Mechanical engineer, 1969, Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam - Doctor of Engineering, 1984, Kosice University of Technology, Slovakia Job history: - Designer of small mechanical engineering enterprises in Hanoi. - Retirement in 2002. Contact Email: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1. Continuous rotation transmission .................................................................................4 1.1. Couplings ....................................................................................................................4 1.2. Clutches ....................................................................................................................13 1.2.1. Two way clutches...............................................................................................13 1.2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • 68-72 Chevelle/El Camino Rack and Pinion Conversion Kit
    Flaming River Ind. 800 Poertner Dr Berea, OH 44017 800-648-8022 68-72 Chevelle/El Camino Rack and Pinion Conversion Kit ® ® For safety, disconnect battery cables and ensure that vehicle is properly supported by jack stands. NOTE: Hoses (FR1610) Pump Mounting Brackets (FR1612–Small Block or FR1613–Big Block) sold separately and not included in this kit. Chevelle Outer Tie Rod Ends ES333RL and adjuster sleeves ES2032S must be used with this rack and pinion kit. (Must purchase separately from local or online auto parts supplier) NOTE: Flaming River Recommends that you use synthetic or high grade power steering fluid. Before paint or powder coating of the rack and pinion cradle system we recommend that you prefit the system to ensure proper fit. Kit Inventory ............................................................. pg 3-4 Additional Installation Products ................................... pg 5 Removing Original Steering System ........................ pg 6-7 Installation of: Rack and Cradle ...................................................... pg 8-9 Universal Joint and Steering Shaft Installation ........................................................ pg 10 Flaming River Tilt Column ..........................................pg 11 Electrical System Notes ............................................ pg 12 Steering Wheel Installation ....................................... pg 12 Power Steering Pump Installation ............................. pg 13 Power Steering Bleeding Procedure ......................... pg 14 WARRANTY DISCLAIMER: Flaming River’s® Limited Warranty Flaming River® warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year after the date of purchase, except that: All steering columns are warranted for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase. The Big Switch (part number FR1005) is warranted for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase, provided that it is not mounted with a steel bracket and provided further that it is adequately protected from environmental conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Rack & Pinions
    MPZ 001e Handling, Installation, Operation & Maintenance Instructions 4100-001-06.05 Department TB Page 1 24 Rev. Index B Rack & Pinion Drives Name 01.06.05 Schell Date 01.01.09 Released 01.06.05 Lorch Drive Systems Rack and Pinion Drives Operating Manual © 2009 Atlanta Drive Systems Inc. MPZ 001e Handling, Installation, Operation & Maintenance Instructions 4100-001-06.05 Department TB Page 2 24 Rev. Index B Rack & Pinion Drives Name 01.06.05 Schell Date 01.01.09 Released 01.06.05 Lorch CAUTION! This operating manual is meant for all persons involved in the installation, operation and maintenance of ATLANTA Rack & Pinion Drives. To prevent damages and injuries, all instructions in this manual must be read and understood before any work is performed. This manual should be made accessible to all applicable personnel in a conspicuous fashion. Resellers & Buyers agree to also include this entire document to instruct Users on the safe and proper usage of the product. Observe any National / Regional regulations concerning safety and accident prevention. Table of Contents Company Address ……………......…………………………………………………………. 3 General ………………...........................……………………………………………….……. 3 Safety Instructions, Signs & Symbols ...............……………………………………. 3 Exclusion of Liability ...................……………………………………………….……. 4 General Safety Instructions ……….………………………….……………………………. 4 Intended Use …………………………….…………..……………………………………….. 5 Improper Use …………………………..….……………………...………………………….. 6 Qualified Personnel …………………….….………….………...………………………….. 6 Rack
    [Show full text]
  • STATIC and TRANSIENT ANALYSIS of RACK and PINION Ramesh R** *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Chennai, India
    International Journal of Research in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Automobile Engineering (IJRMMAE) ISSN: 2454-1435 (Print) | 2454-1443 (online) Volume 4 Issue 2 – www.ijrmmae.in – Pages 45-50 STATIC AND TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF RACK AND PINION Ramesh R** *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Chennai, India Abstract: This project Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation into linear motion.The flat, toothed part is the rack and the gear is the pinion. A piston coaxial to the rack provides hydraulic assistance force, and an open centered rotary valve controls the assist level. A rack and pinion gears system is composed of two gears. The normal round gear is the pinion gear and the straight or flat gear is the rack. The rack has teeth cut into it and they mesh with the teeth of the pinion gear. A ring and pinion gear is the differential's critical point of power transfer. A ring and pinion gear set is one of the simplest performance modifications that can be performed on a vehicle. In this project I have analysed the Rack and pinion system by doing Static structural analysis, modal analysis, Transient static structural analysis and fatigue analysis. In all these analyses I have used the same mesh size (same number of nodes and same number of elements) for the purpose of comparison of the result. Keywords: “Ansys Workbench, Rack , Pinion, Basalt Fiber, Kevlar Fiber, E-Glass Fiber” I.NTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to Rack and Pinion The advantages of high transmission efficiency, strong carrying capacity and the stability of the transmission ratio, the gear and rack transmission system is commonly used in force and motion transmission in the mechanical system.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Fundamentals of Gear Drives
    Basic Fundamentals of Gear Drives Course No: M06-031 Credit: 6 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF GEAR DRIVES A gear is a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism to change speed or the direction of transmitted motion. Gears are generally used for one of four different reasons: 1. To increase or decrease the speed of rotation; 2. To change the amount of force or torque; 3. To move rotational motion to a different axis (i.e. parallel, right angles, rotating, linear etc.); and 4. To reverse the direction of rotation. Gears are compact, positive-engagement, power transmission elements capable of changing the amount of force or torque. Sports cars go fast (have speed) but cannot pull any weight. Big trucks can pull heavy loads (have power) but cannot go fast. Gears cause this. Gears are generally selected and manufactured using standards established by American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This course provides an outline of gear fundamentals and is beneficial to readers who want to acquire knowledge about mechanics of gears. The course is divided into 6 sections: Section -1 Gear Types, Characteristics and Applications Section -2 Gears Fundamentals Section -3 Power Transmission Fundamentals Section -4 Gear Trains Section -5 Gear Failure and Reliability Analysis Section -6 How to Specify and Select Gear Drives SECTION -1 GEAR TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATIONS The gears can be classified according to: 1. the position of shaft axes 2.
    [Show full text]