Ÿğćöąēîöćøđöþêø Ó.Ý. 2556 Ýćüāüćéîùøóîö
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ÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 ÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö 2013 AGRICULTURAL CENSUS CHANGWAT NAKHON PHANOM ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉĒĀŠÜßćê ĉ ÖøąìøüÜđìÙēîēú÷ĊÿćøÿîđìýĒúąÖćøÿČęĂÿćø NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ii ĀîŠü÷ÜćîđÝšć×ĂÜđøČęĂÜ Division-in-Charge ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö Nakhon Phanom Provincial Statistical Office ēìøýĆóìŤ 042 511 206 Tel. 042 511 206 ēìøÿćø 042 513 284 Fax: 042 513 284 ĕðøþèĊ÷ŤĂĉđúĘÖìøĂîĉÖÿŤ : [email protected] E- mail: [email protected] ĀîŠü÷ÜćîìĊęđñ÷ĒóøŠ Distributed by ÿĞćîĆÖÿëĉêĉó÷ćÖøèŤ Statistical Forecasting Bureau ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉĒĀŠÜßćêĉ National Statistical Office ýĎî÷ŤøćßÖćøđÞúĉöóøąđÖĊ÷øêĉ 80 óøøþćĄ The Govemment Complex, ĂćÙćøøĆåðøąýćÿîõĆÖéĊ ßĆĚî 2 Ratthaprasasanabhakti Building, 2 nd Floor, ëîîĒÝšÜüĆçîą đ×êĀúĆÖÿĊę Öìö. 10210 Chaeng Watthana Rd., Laksi, Bangkok 10210 ēìøýĆóìŤ 0 2142 1234 0 2141 7501 Tel: + 66 (0) 2142 1234 + 66 (0) 2141 7501 ēìøÿćø 0 2143 8133 Fax: + 66 (0) 214 38133 ĕðøþèĊ÷ŤĂĉđúĘÖìøĂîĉÖÿŤ : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Http: // www.nso.go.th ðŘìĊęÝĆéóĉöóŤ Published 2558 2015 ÝĆéóĉöóŤēé÷ Printed by îÙøĀúĆÜđúîÿŤ Nakhon Lung Lens iii ÙĞćîĞć ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉĒĀŠÜßćêĉ ĕéšÝĆéìĞćÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêøìčÖ 10 ðŘ êćöךĂđÿîĂĒîą×ĂÜĂÜÙŤÖćøĂćĀćøĒúąđÖþêø ĒĀŠÜÿĀðøąßćßćêĉ (FAO) àċęÜÙøĆĚÜîĊĚđðŨîÖćøÝĆéìĞćÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ÙøĆĚÜìĊę 6 đóČęĂđÖĘïøüïøüöךĂöĎúēÙøÜÿøšćÜóČĚîåćî ÖćøðøąÖĂïÖćøđÖþêø ÿĞćĀøĆïĔßšðøąē÷ßîŤĔîÖćøÖĞćĀîéîē÷ïć÷ üćÜĒñî êĉéêćö ĒúąðøąđöĉîñúÖćøóĆçîć éšćîÖćøđÖþêøĔîøąéĆïðøąđìýĒúąøąéĆïìšĂÜëĉęî ךĂöĎúÿëĉêĉìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćøìĞćÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêøÙøĆĚÜîĊĚĕéšîĞćđÿîĂĕðĒúšü 2 ÞïĆï ÙČĂ øć÷ÜćîñúđïČĚĂÜêšî àċęÜîĞćđÿîĂñú ךĂöĎúúĆÖþèąÖćøìĞćÖćøđÖþêøĔîõćóøüö×ĂÜðøąđìý Ēúąøć÷ÜćîñúúŠüÜĀîšćàċęÜðøąöüúñúÝćÖÙøĆüđøČĂîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜ ìĞćÖćøđÖþêøêĆüĂ÷ŠćÜøšĂ÷úą 1 îĞćđÿîĂõćóøüöēÙøÜÿøšćÜóČĚîåćîìćÜÖćøđÖþêø ĒúąúĆÖþèą×ĂÜÙøĆüđøČĂîđÖþêø ĔîøąéĆïõćÙĒúąðøąđìý ÿĞćĀøĆïøć÷ÜćîÞïĆïîĊĚđðŨîøć÷ÜćîñúÞïĆïÿöïĎøèŤ àċęÜðøąöüúñúךĂöĎú Ĕîøć÷úąđĂĊ÷éÝćÖ ÙøĆüđøČĂîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĆĚÜĀöé đóČęĂđÿîĂךĂöĎúøć÷úąđĂĊ÷éêŠćÜ ė ×ĂÜēÙøÜÿøšćÜóČĚîåćîĀúĆÖĒúąēÙøÜÿøšćÜĂČęî ė ìćÜÖćøđÖþêøđðŨîøć÷ÝĆÜĀüĆé øć÷õćÙ ĒúąìĆęüøćßĂćèćÝĆÖø ÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 đðŨîēÙøÜÖćøÝĆéđÖĘïךĂöĎúÿëĉêĉ×îćéĔĀ⊠êšĂÜĕéšøĆïÙüćöøŠüööČĂÝćÖñĎšìĊę đÖĊę÷üךĂÜ ĔîÙøĆĚÜîĊĚÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉĒĀŠÜßćêĉ ĕéšøĆïÙüćöøŠüööČĂÝćÖÖøöÿŠÜđÿøĉöÖćøđÖþêø ĔîÖćøĔĀšđÝšćĀîšćìĊęÿŠÜđÿøĉö ÖćøđÖþêøðøąÝĞćêĞćïú ĒúąĂćÿćÿöĆÙøđÖþêøĀöĎŠïšćî öćߊü÷ĔîÖćøÝĆéđÖĘïךĂöĎúÿëĉêĉ îĂÖÝćÖîĊĚ ðøąßćßîĕéšĔĀš ÙüćöøŠüööČĂĔîÖćøĔĀš×šĂöĎúìĊęëĎÖêšĂÜêćöÙüćöđðŨîÝøĉÜ øüöìĆĚÜ÷ĆÜĕéšøĆïÙüćöÿîĆïÿîčîÝćÖĀîŠü÷ÜćîõćÙøĆåĒúąõćÙđĂÖßî ÝċÜ×Ă×ĂïÙčèìčÖìŠćî öć è ìĊęîĊĚ v Preface The National Statistical Office has conducted the Agricultural Census every 10 years in accordance with the recommendation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and this census round was the sixth of its series. The census aims to provide basic information of the structure of agriculture and that information provides as a guideline for developing agricultural policies and plans as well as for monitoring agricultural development for both national and local level. Prior to this report, the result of the 2013 Agricultural Census had been published for the Preliminary Report and the Advanced Report. The preliminary report presented the characteristics of farming in the whole country and the advanced report that processing of household's agricultural holders from 1% sample presented the overview of agricultural infrastructure and the characteristics of the household at the regional and national levels. This is the completed report that processed the detail of household's agricultural holders and presented the detail of the infrastructure and other structures about agriculture at the provincial, regional and national levels. The National Statistical Office would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, on the supply of their manpower – the agricultural extension officers and the village agricultural volunteers – to carry out the census. The National Statistical Office would like to extend our thanks to all people for their active participation in the census and to express our appreciation to all public and private agencies for their support and cooperation throughout the conduct of the census. ïìÿøčðñĎšïøĉĀćø øć÷ÜćîñúÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉĒĀŠÜßćêĉ ĕéšÝĆéìĞćÿĞćöąēî ÿŠüîĂĞćđõĂüĆÜ÷ćÜ öĊñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøîšĂ÷ ÖćøđÖþêøöćĒúšü 5 ÙøĆĚÜ ēé÷ÙøĆĚÜĒøÖÝĆéìĞćđöČęĂ ó.ý. 2493 ìĊęÿčé 2,861 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 2.7) ĒúąöĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜîšĂ÷ìĊęÿčé ĒúąëĆéöćĔîðŘ 2506 2521 2536 Ēúą 2546 êćöúĞćéĆï đߊîÖĆî ÙČĂ 56,103 ĕø Š (øšĂ÷úą 3.0) àċęÜđðŨîÖćøÝĆéìĞćìčÖ 10 ðŘ êćöךĂđÿîĂĒîą×ĂÜĂÜÙŤÖćø đöČęĂóĉÝćøèćđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøđÞúĊę÷ ĂćĀćøĒúąđÖþêøĒĀŠÜÿĀðøąßćßćêĉ (FAO) ÿĞćöąēî óïüŠć ĂĞćđõĂîćìö öĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜđÞúĊę÷ÿĎÜÿčé 28.6 ĕøŠ ÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 îĊĚđðŨîÖćøÝĆéìĞćÙøĆĚÜìĊę 6 đóČęĂĔĀš øĂÜúÜöćÙČĂ ĂĞćđõĂýøĊÿÜÙøćö ĂĞćđõĂðúćðćÖ ĒúąĂĞćđõĂ ðøąđìýĕì÷öĊךĂöĎúēÙøÜÿøšćÜóČĚîåćîìćÜÖćøđÖþêøìĊęÿĞćÙĆâ ēóîÿüøøÙŤ (23.7 23.6 Ēúą 20.3 ĕøŠ êćöúĞćéĆï) ēé÷ĂĞćđõĂ ĒÿéÜõćóÖćøìĞćÖćøđÖþêø×ĂÜðøąđìýĕéšëċÜøąéĆïóČĚîìĊę÷ŠĂ÷ íćêčóîö öĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜđÞúĊę÷êęĞćÿčé ÙČĂ 10.5 ĕø Š ĒúąìøćïëċÜÖćøđðúĊę÷îĒðúÜēÙøÜÿøšćÜéšćîÖćøđÖþêø ĔîøĂï 10 ðŘ đóČęĂĔßšĔîÖćøÖĞćĀîéîē÷ïć÷ üćÜĒñî Ēúąêĉéêćö êćøćÜ 1 ÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜĒúąđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø øć÷ ĂĞćđõĂ ó.ý. 2556 ðøąđöĉîñúÖćøóĆçîćéšćîÖćøđÖþêø ìĆĚÜĔîøąéĆïðøąđìýĒúą ÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜ đîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜ đîČĚĂìĊę (øć÷) (ĕøŠ) ëČĂÙøĂÜ øąéĆïìšĂÜëĉęî ĂĞćđõĂ đÞúĊę÷ ÖćøìĞćÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêøÙøĆĚÜîĊĚ ÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉ ÝĞćîüî % đîČĚĂìĊę % (ĕøŠ) ÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö ĕéšđÖĘïøüïøüöךĂöĎúēé÷ÖćøÿŠÜĂćÿćÿöĆÙø øüö 104,635 100.0 1,853,476 100.0 17.7 đöČĂÜîÙøóîö 16,655 15.9 258,766 14.0 15.5 đÖþêøĀöĎŠïšćî ÝĞćîüî 222 Ùî đÝšćĀîšćìĊęÿŠÜđÿøĉöÖćøđÖþêø ðúćðćÖ 8,533 8.2 201,037 10.8 23.6 ðøąÝĞćêĞćïú ÝĞćîüî 44 Ùî ĒúąđÝšćĀîšćìĊę×ĂÜÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉ ìŠćĂčđìî 8,841 8.4 143,423 7.7 16.2 ïšćîĒóÜ 5,027 4.8 87,281 4.7 17.4 ÝĆÜĀüĆé ĂĂÖĕðÿĆöõćþèŤĀĆüĀîšćÙøĆüđøČĂîìčÖÙøĆüđøČĂî íćêčóîö 10,947 10.5 115,256 6.2 10.5 ĔîÝĆÜĀüĆé đóČęĂĀćñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ĔîđéČĂîóùþõćÙö đøèĎîÙø 7,046 6.7 110,195 5.9 15.6 îćĒÖ 12,857 12.3 180,776 9.8 14.1 2556 ēé÷ĔßšÙĂöóĉüđêĂøŤóÖóć×îćéÖúćÜ (Tablet) ĔîÖćø ýøĊÿÜÙøćö 11,756 11.2 278,513 15.0 23.7 đÖĘïøüïøüöךĂöĎú ìĆĚÜîĊĚÿĞćîĆÖÜćîÿëĉêĉÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö îćĀüšć 6,955 6.6 123,913 6.7 17.8 ĕéšîĞćđÿîĂøć÷ÜćîñúđïČĚĂÜêšî àċęÜđðŨîÿøčðñúךĂöĎúïćÜÿŠüîĕð ēóîÿüøøÙ Ť 9,398 9.0 190,709 10.3 20.3 îćìö 3,759 3.6 107,505 5.8 28.6 Ēúšü ÿĞćĀøĆïøć÷ÜćîÞïĆïîĊĚ đðŨîøć÷ÜćîñúÞïĆïÿöïĎøèŤ üĆÜ÷ćÜ 2,861 2.7 56,103 3.0 19.6 ìĊęÿøčðñúÝćÖךĂöĎúìĆĚÜĀöé×ĂÜÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö éĆÜîĊĚ đöČęĂóĉÝćøèćĔîøĂï 10 ðŘìĊęñŠćîöćÝćÖ ðŘ 2546 óïüŠć ìĆĚÜÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜĒúąđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøđóĉęö×ċĚî 1. ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜĒúąđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ÝćÖ 95,296 đðŨî 104,635 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 9.8) ĒúąÝćÖ ÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö ðøąÖĂïéšü÷ 12 ĂĞćđõĂ öĊñĎš 1,493,466 đðŨî 1,853,476 ĕøŠ (øšĂ÷úą 24.1) ēé÷öĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜ ëČ ĂÙøĂÜìĞ ćÖćøđÖþêøìĆĚ ÜÿĉĚ î è üĆ îÿĞ ćöąēî ì ĞćÖćøđÖþêøđÞú Ċę÷ ÙČĂ 15.7 Ēúą 17.7 ĕøŠ êćöúĞćéĆï (1 óùþõćÙö 2556) 104,635 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 50.7 ×ĂÜ 1/ ĒñîõĎöĉ 1 đðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïÝĞćîüîñšĎëČĂÙøĂÜĒúąđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜ ÙøĆüđøČĂîìĆĚÜÝĆÜĀüĆé) öĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĆĚÜÿĉĚî ìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2536 – 2556 1,853,476 ĕøŠ (đÞúĊę÷ 17.7 ĕø/Š øć÷) ĂĞćđõĂđöČĂÜîÙøóîö öĊÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜ ìĞćÖćøđÖþêøöćÖìĊęÿčé ÙČĂ 16,655 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 15.9) øĂÜúÜöć ÙČĂ ĂĞćđõĂîćĒÖ 12,857 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 12.3) ĂĞćđõĂ ýøĊÿÜÙøćö 11,756 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 11.2) ĒúąĂĞćđõĂíćêčóîö 10,947 øć÷ (øšĂ÷úą 10.5) êćöúĞćéĆï ĂĞćđõĂýøĊÿÜÙøćööĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø öćÖìĊęÿčé 278,512 ĕøŠ (øšĂ÷úą 15.0) øĂÜúÜöćÙČĂĂĞćđõĂđöČĂÜ 258,766 ĕøŠ (øšĂ÷úą 14.0) ĂĞćđõĂðúćðćÖ 201,037 ĕøŠ (øšĂ÷ úą 10.9) ĒúąĂĞćđõĂēóîÿüøøÙŤ 190,709 ĕøŠ (øšĂ÷úą 10.3) êćöúĞćéĆï 1/ ÙøĆüđøČĂîìĆĚÜÝĆÜĀüĆéðŘ 2556 öĊÝĞćîüî 206,362 ÙøĆüđøČĂî (ÖøöÖćøðÖÙøĂÜ ÖøąìøüÜöĀćéĕì÷) ×Ăï׊ć÷ÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 ÙČĂ ÖćøđóćąðúĎÖóČß ÖćøđúĊĚ÷ÜðýčÿĆêüŤ ÖćøđóćąđúĊĚ÷ÜÿĆêüŤîĚĞćĔîóČĚîìĊęîĚĞćÝČé ĒúąÖćøìĞćîćđÖúČĂÿöčìø đóČęĂ×ć÷ (øüöÖćøðúĎÖךćüđóČęĂïøĉēõÙ ĒúąÖćøđúĊĚ÷Ü üĆü Ùüć÷ đóČęĂĔßšÜćî) viii 2. úĆÖþèąÖćøìĞćÖćøđÖþêø 3. ×îćéđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ÝćÖÿĞćöąēîÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 óïüŠćñĎšëČĂ ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø×ĂÜÝĆÜĀüĆéîÙøóîö ÿŠüî ÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø 104,635 øć÷ ÿŠüîĔĀ⊠(øšĂ÷úą 98.9) ĔĀ⊠(øšĂ÷úą 70.8) öĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜ×îćéêęĞćÖüŠć 40 ĕøŠ àċęÜĔî ìĞćÖćøđóćąðúĎÖóČß àċęÜĔîÝĞćîüîîĊĚöĊÖćøìĞćÖćøđÖþêøðøąđõì ÝĞćîüîîĊĚøšĂ÷úą 60.4 đðŨîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĊęöĊđîČĚĂìĊę×îćé 10 – 39 ĂČęîøŠüöéšü÷ (øšĂ÷úą 26.6) đߊî đúĊĚ÷ÜðýčÿĆêüŤ ĀøČĂđóćąđúĊĚ÷Ü ĕøŠ ÿĞćĀøĆïñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜđîČĚĂìĊę×îćéĔĀ⊠ÿĆêüŤîĚĞćĔîóČĚîìĊęîĚĞćÝČé (140 ĕøŠ×ċĚîĕð) öĊđóĊ÷ÜøšĂ÷úą 1.2 đìŠćîĆĚî ēé÷ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøðøąđõìđéĊ÷üöĊöćÖëċÜ ĒñîõĎöĉ 3 ÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ÝĞćĒîÖêćö øšĂ÷úą 73.3 ÙČĂ đóćąðúĎÖóČß đúĊĚ÷ÜðýčÿĆêüŤ ĀøČĂđóćąđúĊĚ÷Ü ×îćéđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĆĚÜÿĉĚî ó.ý. 2536 – 2556 ÿĆêüŤîĚĞćĔîóČĚîìĊęîĚĞćÝČéĂ÷ŠćÜĔéĂ÷ŠćÜĀîċęÜ àċęÜĔîĒêŠúąðøąđõì đߊî ÖćøðúĎÖóČß ĂćÝðúĎÖóČßĀúć÷ßîĉé ĀøČĂđúĊĚ÷ÜðýčÿĆêüŤ Āúć÷ßîĉé đðŨîêšî ÿĞćĀøĆïñĎšìĊęìĞćđÖþêøÿĂÜðøąđõìøŠüöÖĆî öĊøšĂ÷úą 24.9 ĒúąìĞćÖćøđÖþêøêĆĚÜĒêŠÿćöðøąđõì×ċĚîĕð öĊîšĂ÷öćÖ đóĊ÷ÜøšĂ÷úą 1.8 ĒñîõĎöĉ 2 ÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ÝĞćĒîÖêćöúĆÖþèą ÖćøìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ó.ý. 2556 4. úĆÖþèąÖćøëČĂÙøĂÜìĊęéĉî ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøÿŠüîĔĀ⊠øšĂ÷úą 82.5 ìĞćÖćøđÖþêøĔîđîČĚĂìĊę×ĂÜêîđĂÜĂ÷ŠćÜđéĊ÷ü ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜĄ øšĂ÷úą 10.0 ìĞćÖćøđÖþêøĔîđîČĚĂìĊę×ĂÜêîđĂÜĒúą ìĞćÖćøđÖþêøĔîđîČĚĂìĊęĕöŠĔߊ×ĂÜêîđĂÜ ÿĞćĀøĆïñĎšìĊęìĞć ÖćøđÖþêø ēé÷ĕöŠöĊđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜđðŨî×ĂÜêîđĂÜđú÷öĊøšĂ÷úą 7.5 Āöć÷đĀêč : úĆÖþèąÖćøìĞćđÖþêø êĂïĕéšöćÖÖüŠć 1 ðøąđõì ĒñîõĎöĉ 4 ÝĞćîüîñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĊęöìĊ Ċęéĉî ÝĞćĒîÖêćö úĆÖþèąÖćøëČĂÙøĂÜìĊęéĉî ó.ý. 2556 ix 5. đîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêø ÝĞćĒîÖêćöÖćø 6. ÖćøĔßšðčŞ÷ Ĕßšðøąē÷ßîŤìĊęéĉî ñĎšëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĊęðúĎÖóČß ÿŠüîĔĀ⊠ÝćÖđîČĚĂìĊęëČĂÙøĂÜìĞćÖćøđÖþêøìĆĚÜÝĆÜĀüĆé (øšĂ÷úą 97.5) öĊÖćøĔßšðčŞ÷ àċęÜĔîÝĞćîüîîĊĚđÖČĂïìĆĚÜĀöé 1,853,476 ĕøŠ óïüŠć đîČĚĂìĊęöćÖÖüŠćÙøċęÜĀîċęÜ