Derivative of Plant Phenolic Compound Inhibits the Type III Secretion System of Dickeya Dadantii Via Hrpx/Hrpy Two-Component Signal Transduction and Rsm Systems

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Derivative of Plant Phenolic Compound Inhibits the Type III Secretion System of Dickeya Dadantii Via Hrpx/Hrpy Two-Component Signal Transduction and Rsm Systems bs_bs_banner MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2015) 16(2), 150–163 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12168 Derivative of plant phenolic compound inhibits the type III secretion system of Dickeya dadantii via HrpX/HrpY two-component signal transduction and Rsm systems YAN LI1, WILLIAM HUTCHINS2, XIAOGANG WU2, CUIRONG LIANG3, CHENGFANG ZHANG3, XIAOCHEN YUAN2, DEVANSHI KHOKHANI2, XIN CHEN3, YIZHOU CHE2, QI WANG1,* AND CHING-HONG YANG2,* 1The MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA 3School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China leads to strong selective pressure to develop resistance against SUMMARY antibiotics (Cegelski et al., 2008; Escaich, 2008; Rasko and The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence factor in Sperandio, 2010). In the face of increasing antibiotic resistance, many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and represents a par- the targeting of bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial ticularly appealing target for antimicrobial agents. Previous survivability provides a novel alternative approach for the devel- studies have shown that the plant phenolic compound p-coumaric opment of new antimicrobials, as virulence-specific therapeutics acid (PCA) plays a role in the inhibition of T3SS expression of the would offer a reduced selection pressure for antibiotic-resistant phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937. This study screened a mutations (Escaich, 2008; Rasko and Sperandio, 2010).The type III series of derivatives of plant phenolic compounds and identified secretion system (T3SS) represents a particularly appealing target that trans-4-hydroxycinnamohydroxamic acid (TS103) has an for antimicrobial agents because it is a major virulence factor in eight-fold higher inhibitory potency than PCA on the T3SS of many Gram-negative plant and animal pathogens (Cornelis, 2006; D. dadantii. The effect of TS103 on regulatory components of the Tang et al., 2006; Waterman and Holden, 2003; Yang et al., 2002). T3SS was further elucidated. Our results suggest that TS103 inhib- The T3SS in phytobacteria, also known as the hypersensitive its HrpY phosphorylation and leads to reduced levels of hrpS and response and pathogenicity (Hrp) system, is a syringe needle-like hrpL transcripts. In addition, through a reduction in the RNA levels structure which is responsible for the secretion and translocation of the regulatory small RNA RsmB, TS103 also inhibits hrpL at the of effector proteins into the host cells, where the effector proteins post-transcriptional level via the rsmB-RsmA regulatory pathway. subvert or inhibit the host cell’s defences or facilitate pathogenic- Finally, TS103 inhibits hrpL transcription and mRNA stability, which ity (Alfano and Collmer, 1997; Galán and Collmer, 1999; Ghosh, leads to reduced expression of HrpL regulon genes, such as hrpA 2004; Grant et al., 2006; Hueck, 1998; Yang et al., 2005). and hrpN. To our knowledge, this is the first inhibitor to affect the Dickeya dadantii 3937 (formerly named Erwinia chrysanthemi), T3SS through both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a Gram-negative pathways in the soft-rot phytopathogen D. dadantii 3937. pathogen which causes soft rot, wilt and blight diseases on a wide range of plant species (Bauer et al., 1994). D. dadantii pos- Keywords: plant phenolic compound, Rsm system, T3SS sesses a T3SS, which is encoded by the hrp gene cluster and inhibitor, type III secretion system, two-component signal thought to be coordinately regulated by various host and environ- transduction system. mental factors (Nasser et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2002). Similar to many phytopathogens, the expression of the T3SS of D. dadantii 3937 is repressed in nutrient-rich media, but induced in the plant apoplast or in nutrient-deficient inducing medium, which is con- sidered to mimic plant apoplastic conditions (Galán and Collmer, INTRODUCTION 1999; Tang et al., 2006). The well-studied T3SS of D. dadantii is Antibiotic treatment is the most commonly used strategy to regulated by the master regulator HrpL, which is a member of the control pathogenic infections. However, most antibiotics kill bac- extracytoplasmic function (ECF) family of alternative sigma factors teria by inhibiting cellular processes essential for survival, which that up-regulate many hrp genes downstream of the T3SS regu- latory cascade, such as hrpA (encoding a structural protein of the *Correspondence: Email: [email protected] or [email protected] T3SS pilus), dspE (encoding a T3SS effector) and hrpN (encoding a 150 © 2014 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD Phenolic compounds inhibit the T3SS of D. dadantii 151 Fig. 1 Regulatory network controlling the Dickeya dadantii type III secretion system (T3SS). The D. dadantii T3SS is regulated by the HrpX/HrpY-HrpS-HrpL and GacS/GacA-rsmB-RsmA-HrpL regulatory pathways. The two-component signal transduction system HrpX/HrpY activates hrpS, which encodes a σ54 enhancer. HrpS is required for the expression of the alternative sigma factor, hrpL. HrpL activates the expression of genes encoding the T3SS apparatus and its secreted substrates. RsmA is a small RNA-binding protein that acts by decreasing the half-life of hrpL mRNA. GacS/GacA up-regulates the expression of rsmB, which increases the mRNA level of hrpL by sequestering RsmA. From this study, we observed that TS103 altered the hrpA promoter activity through both the HrpX/HrpY-HrpS-HrpL and rsmB-RsmA-HrpL pathways. TS103 inhibits hrpL at the post-transcriptional level through a decrease in expression of rsmB. In addition, TS103 inhibits hrpS transcription through suppression of phosphorylation of HrpY and also post-transcriptionally inhibits rpoN. ⊥, negative control; →, positive control. IM: Inner Membrane; OM: Outer Membrane. harpin protein) (Fig. 1) (Chatterjee et al., 2002; Wei et al., 1992; IcII-like protein, has been reported to negatively control the tran- Yang et al., 2010; Yap et al., 2005). The expression of hrpL is scription of rsmB by binding within the transcribed region of the regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional rsmB gene in P. carotovorum (Miller et al., 2000). Polynucleotide levels. HrpX/HrpY-HrpS regulates hrpL at the transcriptional level. phosphorylase (PNPase) has been reported to decrease the A two-component signal transduction system (TCSTS) HrpX/HrpY, amount of functional rsmB transcripts in D. dadantii (Zeng et al., encoded by genes in the centre of the hrp gene cluster, positively 2010). regulates hrpS, which encodes a σ54 enhancer-binding protein In response to microbial attack, plants activate defence (Fig. 1) (Tang et al., 2006). HrpS interacts with the σ54 (RpoN)- responses which lead to the induction of a broad spectrum of containing RNA polymerase holoenzyme and initiates the tran- antimicrobial defences (Montesano et al., 2005; Van Loon, 2000). scription of hrpL (Fig. 1) (Chatterjee et al., 2002; Yap et al., 2005). These induced defences are regulated by a network of intercon- The regulator of secondary metabolites (Rsm) RsmA–RsmB pair necting signal transduction pathways and eventually lead to the regulates hrpL at the post-transcriptional level. RsmA, a small production of defence molecules, such as phenylpropanoids RNA-binding protein, promotes hrpL mRNA degradation (Fig. 1) (Dixon and Paiva, 1995; Feys and Parker, 2000; Hahlbrock and (Chatterjee et al., 2002; Cui et al., 1995). RsmB, an untranslated Scheel, 1989). Phenylpropanoids are a group of secondary regulatory small RNA, binds to the RsmA protein and neutralizes metabolites produced by plants from L-phenylalanine. Our previ- the activity of RsmA on hrpL mRNA degradation by forming an ous reports have shown that the plant phenolic compound inactive ribonucleoprotein complex with RsmA (Chatterjee et al., p-coumaric acid (PCA), an intermediate in phenylpropanoid 2002; Liu et al., 1998) (Fig. 1). The global regulatory TCSTS, GacS/ biosynthesis, plays a role in the inhibition of T3SS expression of GacA, up-regulates the transcription of the regulatory small RNA D. dadantii 3937 (Li et al., 2009).With the aid of structure–activity RsmB (Tang et al., 2006). In addition to GacS/GacA, other regula- relationship (SAR) studies, the para positioning of the hydroxyl tors have been identified that control the expression of rsmB group in the phenyl ring and the double bond in PCA have been in the soft-rot pathogens Pectobacterium and Dickeya. KdgR, an predicted previously to be essential for its inhibitory activity © 2014 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2015) 16(2), 150–163 152 Y. LI et al. (Li et al., 2009). As the regulatory mechanism of the T3SS of The hrpA gene encodes the T3SS pilus, which is required for the D. dadantii 3937 is well understood, to develop T3SS inhibitors translocation of effector proteins into plant cells and is located which are more potent than PCA, a series of derivatives of plant downstream in the T3SS regulatory pathway (Fig. 1). A reporter phenolic compounds were screened using D. dadantii 3937 as a plasmid, pPhrpA, which carries a hrpA-gfp transcriptional fusion, model organism. One derivative, TS103, which showed an eight- was used to measure the effects of the derivatives of plant phe- fold higher potency in the inhibition of the T3SS vs. PCA, was nolic compounds on hrpA expression (Table 1). The wild-type cells selected and the regulators responsible for the inhibition of T3SS containing pPhrpA were grown in T3SS-inducing medium (MM) gene expression by TS103 were further elucidated. Our results supplemented with each of the compounds at a concentration of showed that TS103 inhibits the T3SS through both the HrpX/HrpY 100 μM. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) intensity, which is a TCSTS and Rsm systems. measurement of hrpA promoter activity, was assayed by flow cytometry. Among the derivatives of the plant phenolic com- pounds screened, 13 compounds at a concentration of 100 μM RESULTS showed strong inhibition of T3SS gene expression of D.
Recommended publications
  • Erwinia Chrysanthemi the Facts
    Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya spp.) The Facts Compiled for the British Potato Council by; Dr John Elphinstone, Central Science Laboratory Dr Ian Toth, Scottish Crop Research Institute Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya spp.) – The Facts Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. The pathogen 3. Symptoms • Distinction from symptoms caused by P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum • Distinction from other diseases 4. Geographical distribution • Presence in GB • Europe • Overseas 5. Biology, survival and dissemination of the pathogen • Factors influencing disease development • Dissemination • Survival 6. Assessment of Risk and Economic Loss • Quarantine status • Potential GB economic impact • Economic impact to overseas markets 7. Control • Statutory (certification) • On farm • Specific approaches and control measures in other countries • Best practice guide 8. Diagnostic methods 9. Knowledge gaps 10. Threats, Opportunities and Recommendations 11. References 12. Glossary of terms 2 © British Potato Council 2007 Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya spp.) – The Facts Executive Summary The pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi (Echr) is a complex of different bacteria now reclassified as species of Dickeya. While D. dadantii and D. zeae (formerly Echr biovar 3 or 8) are pathogens of potato in warmer countries, D. dianthicola (formerly Echr biovar 1 and 7) appears to be spreading on potatoes in Europe. The revised nomenclature of these pathogens has distinguished them from other soft rot erwiniae (including P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum). Symptoms Symptoms of soft rot disease on potato tubers are similar whether caused by Dickeya or Pectobacterium spp. In the field, disease develops following movement of either pathogen from the stem base. Whereas P. atrosepticum typically causes blackleg symptoms under cool wet conditions, symptoms due to Dickeya spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco
    microorganisms Article Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco Saïd Oulghazi 1,2, Mohieddine Moumni 1, Slimane Khayi 3 ,Kévin Robic 2,4, Sohaib Sarfraz 5, Céline Lopez-Roques 6,Céline Vandecasteele 6 and Denis Faure 2,* 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, 50000 Meknes, Morocco; [email protected] (S.O.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] 3 Biotechnology Research Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institut for Agricultural Research (INRA), 10101 Rabat, Morocco; [email protected] 4 National Federation of Seed Potato Growers (FN3PT-RD3PT), 75008 Paris, France 5 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sub-Campus Depalpur, 38000 Okara, Pakistan; [email protected] 6 INRA, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; [email protected] (C.L.-R.); [email protected] (C.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 9 June 2020; Published: 13 June 2020 Abstract: Dickeya and Pectobacterium pathogens are causative agents of several diseases that affect many crops worldwide. This work investigated the species diversity of these pathogens in Morocco, where Dickeya pathogens have only been isolated from potato fields recently. To this end, samplings were conducted in three major potato growing areas over a three-year period (2015–2017). Pathogens were characterized by sequence determination of both the gapA gene marker and genomes using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of bacterial communities associated with blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera): a high throughput metabarcoding analysis Li Lim & Abdul Hafz Ab Majid* With the development of new metagenomic techniques, the microbial community structure of common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, is well‑studied, while information regarding the constituents of the bacterial communities associated with tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus, is lacking. In this study, the bacteria communities in the blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs were analysed and characterized by amplifying the v3‑v4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene region, followed by MiSeq Illumina sequencing. Across all samples, Proteobacteria made up more than 99% of the microbial community. An alpha‑proteobacterium Wolbachia and gamma‑proteobacterium, including Dickeya chrysanthemi and Pseudomonas, were the dominant OTUs at the genus level. Although the dominant OTUs of bacterial communities of blood‑fed and starved bed bugs were the same, bacterial genera present in lower numbers were varied. The bacteria load in starved bed bugs was also higher than blood‑fed bed bugs. Cimex hemipterus Fabricus (Hemiptera), also known as tropical bed bugs, is an obligate blood-feeding insect throughout their entire developmental cycle, has made a recent resurgence probably due to increased worldwide travel, climate change, and resistance to insecticides1–3. Distribution of tropical bed bugs is inclined to tropical regions, and infestation usually occurs in human dwellings such as dormitories and hotels 1,2. Bed bugs are a nuisance pest to humans as people that are bitten by this insect may experience allergic reactions, iron defciency, and secondary bacterial infection from bite sores4,5.
    [Show full text]
  • Sotwp 2016.Pdf
    STATE OF THE WORLD’S PLANTS OF THE WORLD’S STATE 2016 The staff and trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Kew Foundation would like to thank the Sfumato Foundation for generously funding the State of the World’s Plants project. State of the World’s Plants 2016 Citation This report should be cited as: RBG Kew (2016). The State of the World’s Plants Report – 2016. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ISBN: 978-1-84246-628-5 © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2016) (unless otherwise stated) Printed on 100% recycled paper The State of the World’s Plants 1 Contents Introduction to the State of the World’s Plants Describing the world’s plants 4 Naming and counting the world’s plants 10 New plant species discovered in 2015 14 Plant evolutionary relationships and plant genomes 18 Useful plants 24 Important plant areas 28 Country focus: status of knowledge of Brazilian plants Global threats to plants 34 Climate change 40 Global land-cover change 46 Invasive species 52 Plant diseases – state of research 58 Extinction risk and threats to plants Policies and international trade 64 CITES and the prevention of illegal trade 70 The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing 76 References 80 Contributors and acknowledgments 2 Introduction to the State of the World’s Plants Introduction to the State of the World’s Plants This is the first document to collate current knowledge on as well as policies and international agreements that are the state of the world’s plants.
    [Show full text]
  • A Secreted Metal-Binding Protein Protects Necrotrophic Phytopathogens from Reactive Oxygen Species
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12826-x OPEN A secreted metal-binding protein protects necrotrophic phytopathogens from reactive oxygen species Lulu Liu1,5, Virginie Gueguen-Chaignon2,5, Isabelle R Gonçalves1,5, Christine Rascle1, Martine Rigault3, Alia Dellagi3, Elise Loisel1, Nathalie Poussereau1, Agnès Rodrigue 1, Laurent Terradot 4*& Guy Condemine 1* 1234567890():,; Few secreted proteins involved in plant infection common to necrotrophic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes have been identified except for plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. Here we study a family of iron-binding proteins that is present in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and some animals. Homolog proteins in the phytopathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii (IbpS) and the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea (BcIbp) are involved in plant infection. IbpS is secreted, can bind iron and copper, and protects the bacteria against H2O2- induced death. Its 1.7 Å crystal structure reveals a classical Venus Fly trap fold that forms dimers in solution and in the crystal. We propose that secreted Ibp proteins binds exogenous metals and thus limit intracellular metal accumulation and ROS formation in the microorganisms. 1 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France. 2 Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences, UMS3444/US8, 69367 Lyon, France. 3 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles, France. 4 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR
    [Show full text]
  • Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on The
    Final Report Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on the Potato Industry Project leader: Dr Len Tesoriero Delivery partner: Crop Doc Consulting Pty Ltd Project code: PT18000 Hort Innovation – Final Report Project: Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on the Potato Industry – PT18000 Disclaimer: Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Hort Innovation) makes no representations and expressly disclaims all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in this Final Report. Users of this Final Report should take independent action to confirm any information in this Final Report before relying on that information in any way. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. Hort Innovation is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation or any other person’s negligence or otherwise) from your use or non‐use of the Final Report or from reliance on information contained in the Final Report or that Hort Innovation provides to you by any other means. Funding statement: This project has been funded by Hort Innovation, using the fresh potato and processed potato research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower‐owned, not‐ for‐profit research and development corporation for Australian horticulture. Publishing details:
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Endotoxins from Dickeya Dadantii: Structure and Aphicidal Activity
    New Cyt-like δ-endotoxins from Dickeya dadantii: structure and aphicidal activity. Karine Loth, Denis Costechareyre, Géraldine Effantin, Yvan Rahbé, Guy Condemine, Céline Landon, Pedro da Silva To cite this version: Karine Loth, Denis Costechareyre, Géraldine Effantin, Yvan Rahbé, Guy Condemine, et al.. New Cyt-like δ-endotoxins from Dickeya dadantii: structure and aphicidal activity.. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2015, 5, pp.8791. 10.1038/srep08791. hal-01124447 HAL Id: hal-01124447 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01124447 Submitted on 6 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. OPEN New Cyt-like d-endotoxins from Dickeya SUBJECT AREAS: dadantii: structure and aphicidal activity STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY Karine Loth5*, Denis Costechareyre1,2,3,4*,Ge´raldine Effantin1,2,3,4, Yvan Rahbe´1,4,6, Guy Condemine1,2,3,4, SOLUTION-STATE NMR Ce´line Landon5 & Pedro da Silva1,4,6 Received 1INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, 2CNRS, UMR5240 MAP, Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathoge´nie, F-69622, France, 27 October 2014 3Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, France, 4Universite´ de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France, 5Centre de Biophysique Mole´culaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Universite´ d’Orle´ans, Orle´ans, F-45071, France, 6INRA, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Accepted Insecte et Interaction, F-69621, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculation and Spread of Dickeya in Potatoes
    INOCULATION AND SPREAD OF DICKEYA IN POTATOES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Blake William Greiner In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Plant Pathology May 2018 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title INOCULATION AND SPREAD OF DICKEYA IN POTATOES By Blake William Greiner The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Gary A. Secor Chair Asunta (Susie) Thompson Andrew Robinson Luis del Rio Mendoza Approved: January 22, 2019 Jack Rasmussen Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted in two different growing environments to evaluate the spread and movement of Dickeya dadantii. A procedure to inoculate seed potatoes with Dickeya dadantii was developed to use during this study. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated potato seed to healthy potato seed during the handling, cutting and planting procedures was not detected at either location. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated seed to surrounding progeny tubers in the field was documented in both locations. In Florida, 33% of progeny tubers tested positive for Dickeya using PCR, and in North Dakota, 13% of the progeny tubers tested positive. Stunting was observed in plants grown from Dickeya dadantii inoculated seed tubers in North Dakota, but not in Florida. These results indicate that Dickeya dadantii may spread during the seed handling and cutting processes and can spread in the field from infected seed tubers to progeny tubers.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogen Causing Phalaenopsis Soft Rot Disease – 16S Rdna and Virulence Characterisation
    Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 54, 2018, No. 1: 1–8 doi: 10.17221/18/2017-PPS Pathogen Causing Phalaenopsis Soft Rot Disease – 16S rDNA and Virulence Characterisation Sudarsono SUDARSONO 1,2, Juanita ELINA1,2, GIYANTO 3 and Dewi SUKMA2* 1PMB Lab., Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, 2PBT Program, IPB Graduate School and 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti – Darmaga Campus, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Sudarsono S., Elina J., Giyanto, Sukma D. (2018): Pathogen causing Phalaenopsis soft rot disease – 16S rDNA and virulence characterisation. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 1–8. The pathogen causing Phalaenopsis soft rot disease and developed detached leaf inoculation methods were identified. Based on its 16S rDNA sequences, the pathogen causing soft rot disease in Phalaenopsis was Erwinia chrysanthemi/ Dickeya chrysanthemi. Both virulent and avirulent strains were revealed. The detached leaf inoculation assay for E. chrysanthemi/D. chrysanthemi resistance evaluation included wounding and inoculating the detached leaf with 108 CFU/ml of bacteria. Soft rot disease symptoms in the inoculated detached leaf were measurable at 20 h after inoculation. The detached leaf assay was applicable for evaluating Phalaenopsis germplasm and progeny resistance in Phalaenopsis breeding programs. Keywords: Erwinia/Dickeya chrysanthemi; moth orchids; detached leaf inoculation assay Soft rot disease is a devastating disease infecting Pha- warm temperature and high humidity (McMillan laenopsis and other orchids grown in tropical climates 2007) resulted in a high soft rot disease frequency (McMillan et al. 2007; Joko et al. 2012). The first in the field. Under such optimum conditions, the reported case of soft rot disease infecting orchids was pathogen associated with soft rot disease survives and in Dendrobium sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Dickeya Solani Strains and Identification of Bacterial and Plant Signals Involved in the Induction of Virulence
    Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical Institut National University of Gdansk, des Sciences Apliquées de Lyon Department of Biotechnology, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Adaptation Laboratory of Plant Protection et Pathogénie and Biotechnology 2015ISAL0087 Malgorzata Golanowska Life Sciences and Mathematics Interdisciplinary Doctoral Studies; Ecole Doctorale: Evolution, Ecosystèmes, Microbiologie, Modélisation Characterization of Dickeya solani strains and identification of bacterial and plant signals involved in the induction of virulence. Caractérisation de souches de Dickeya solani et identification de signaux bactériens ou végétaux impliqués dans l'induction de gènes de virulence. Thesis presented to Scientific Board of Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG MUG and the Institute National des Sciences Apliquees de Lyon in order to obtain the degree of doctor in biological sciences in the field of biochemistry Supervisors: Prof. Dr hab. Ewa ŁOJKOWSKA Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, POLAND Dr. Nicole HUGOUVIEUX-COTTE-PATTAT Laboratory of Microbiology Adaptation and Pathogenesis (UMR 5240) CNRS, Université Lyon 1 & INSA de Lyon, FRANCE Gdańsk 2015 Cette thèse est accessible à l'adresse : http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2015ISAL0087/these.pdf © [M. Golanowska], [2015], INSA Lyon, tous droits réservés INSA Direction de la Recherche - Ecoles Doctorales – Quinquennal 2011-2015 SIGLE ECOLE DOCTORALE NOM ET COORDONNEES DU RESPONSABLE CHIMIE CHIMIE DE LYON M. Jean Marc LANCELIN http://www.edchimie-lyon.fr Université de Lyon – Collège Doctoral Sec : Renée EL MELHEM Bât ESCPE Bat Blaise Pascal 3e etage 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918 04 72 43 80 46 69622 VILLEURBANNE Cedex Insa : R. GOURDON Tél : 04.72.43 13 95 [email protected] [email protected] E.E.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Compounds As Antimicrobial Agents
    Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents • Carlos M. and Franco Beatriz Vázquez Belda Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents Edited by Carlos M. Franco and Beatriz Vázquez Belda Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Antibiotics www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents Special Issue Editors Carlos M. Franco Beatriz V´azquezBelda MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Carlos M. Franco Beatriz V´azquez Belda University of Santiago de Compostela University of Santiago de Compostela Spain Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics/special issues/natural compounds agents). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-048-2 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-049-9 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Gang Pan. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    [Show full text]