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Causes of Prostitution in Zimbabwe a Case Study of the Hauna Growth Point, Mutasa District

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Causes of Prostitution in Zimbabwe a Case Study of the Hauna Growth Point, Mutasa District CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION IN ZIMBABWE A CASE STUDY OF THE HAUNA GROWTH POINT, MUTASA DISTRICT BY RUMBIDZAI NHEWEYEMBWA (B1024862) SUPERVISOR MR D. J CHISVO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS DEGREE IN SOCIAL WORK, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION i ii RELEASE FORM TITLE OF PROJECT: Investigation into the causes of prostitution in Zimbabwe. PROGRAMME: Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Social Work. YEAR GRANTED: 2013 Permission is hereby granted to the Bindura University Library to produce single copies of this project and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. The author reserves other publication rights and neither the project nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author‟s written permission. SIGNED: …………………………………......................... PERMANENT ADDRESS: 1/131 Montgomery Drive Prospect Waterfalls Harare. DATE: 14 June 2013 iii APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Bindura University for acceptance; a project entitled “Causes of prostitution in Zimbabwe. A Case Study of Hauna Growth Point Mutasa District”, submitted by Nheweyembwa Rumbidzai in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Social Work. ………………………………………… …………………………… SUPERVISOR DATE ……………………………………….. ……………………………… CHAIRMAN DATE ………………………………………. ……………………………... STUDENT DATE iv DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my loving husband and my pastor Rev. Olsen Mhako, thank you for being my best friend and my pillar of strength, I love you always. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly I would like to thank the Lord God Almighty, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, Jehovah El-shaddai for taking me thus far and enabling me to complete this research. I would also want to express my most profound gratitude to my parents Mr and Mrs Shumba for their financial support throughout my academic life, may the good Lord open doors that no man can ever shut before you. My thanks go to Mr Chisvo my supervisor for his tireless support and guidance. My friends and colleagues, thank you so much for being there when it was tough and for being patient throughout the whole time. Lastly, I would like also to thank Bindura University for the exposure to such knowledge and all my lecturers for their effort in moulding me into the academic woman I have become. To everyone who participated in this study, I say thank you. vi ABSTRACT The study was undertaken to determine the causes of prostitution in Zimbabwe with Hauna Growth Point in Mutasa district as the study area. This was achieved through the use of qualitative and quantitative research design for data collection and analysis. Questionnaires and interview guides were the data collection tools used. Findings were presented using graphs, tables and pie charts. The findings revealed that prostitution in the area was mainly caused by high rates of unemployment and child abuse resulting in runaways. Recommendations made were that the government should introduce income generating projects especially aimed at promoting women in prostitution. vii LIST OF ACRONYMS HIV/AIDS - Human Immune Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome UN - United Nations UNICEF - United Nations International Education Fund UNOCHA - United Nations Office of the Humanitarian Affairs WHO - World Health Organisation viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1……………………………………………………………………………………...1 1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 Background to the study………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Conceptualising prostitution …………………………………………….............….…..3 2.1.1 Types of prostitution...................................................................................................3 1.3 Statement of the problem…………………………………….....................................….4 1.4 Aims …………………………………………………………….....................…...........4 1.5 Objectives……………………………….........................................................................4 1.6 Research questions……………………………………………………...........................5 1.7 Assumptions……………………………………………………….................................5 1.8 Significance of study……………………………………………………….....…...........5 1.9 Definition of terms……………………………………………………………...............6 1.10 Summary of chapter.......................................................................................................6 Chapter 2……………………………………………………………………………………....7 Literature Review……………………………………………………………………………...7 2.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………......7 2.1 Factors causing prostitution……………………………………………….....................7 2.1.1Unemployment …………………………………………………………................7 2.1.2 Losing a spouse…………………………………………………….................…..9 2.1.3 Physical and emotional abuse......................... ………………………………….10 ix 2.2 Theoretical Framework……….……………………………………………………...15 2.2.1 The Functionalist Perspective......................…………………………………...15 2.2.2 The Conflict Perspective………………………………………………………17 2.2.3 The Feminist Perspective………………………………………………………18 2.3 Global Overview of Prostitution.......................................................………………...21 2.4 Prostitution in Africa………………………………………………………………...22 2.4.1 Prostitution in Southern Africa………………………………………………...22 2.5 Summary of chapter………………………………………………………………......23 Chapter 3…………………………………………………………................………………..24 3.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………......24 3.1 Research design………………………………………………………........………….24 3.2 Target Population……………………....……...……………………………………...24 3.3 Sample size.................................………………………………………………….…..25 3.4 Sampling technique...............................………………………………………………25 3.5 Research Instruments........................................………………………………………25 3.5.1 Interviewer Administered questionnaire………………………...……………..25 3.5.2 Interview Guide ..................................................................................................26 3.6 Data Analysis and Presentation……………………………………………………….26 3.7 Ethical considerations………………………………………………………………...26 3.7.1 Informed Consent……………...……………………………………………….26 3.7.2 Confidentiality......………………………………………………………………27 3.7.3 Protection of Participants…………………………………………………….....27 3.8 Limitations…………….....…………………………………………………………...27 x 3.9 Delimitations………………………….........................................…………………..27 3.10 Summary of Chapter……………………………………………………………….27 Chapter 4……………………………………………………..............................…………..28 4.0 Introduction.......................................................................................………………..28 4.1 Demographic profile of respondents…………………………………….....………..28 4.2 Factors that cause prostitution……………………………………………....……….29 4.2.1 Unemployment………………………………………………………………...29 4.2.2 Losing a spouse....................…………………………………………………..32 4.2.3 Physical and Emotional Abuse………….……………………………………..33 4.4 Summary of Chapter……………………………………………………………….....36 Chapter 5..................................................................................................................................37 Conclusions and Recommendations………………………………………………………….37 5.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...37 5.1 Summary of findings………………………………………………………………….37 5.2 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………...37 5.2.1 Unemployment......……………………………………………………………..38 5.2.2 Loss of spouse…………………………………………………………………38 5.2.3 Physical and emotional abuse………………....……………………………….38 5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………39 5.4 Areas of further study………………………………………………………………..39 5.5 Summary……………………………………………………………………………..40 List of References……………………………………………………………………………... xi List of Tables and Figures Table 4.1: Age category of the respondents............…………………………………………28 Table 4.2: Age at starting prostitution...........................................…………………………...29 Table 4.3 Table showing loss of spouse...................................................................................32 Figures Figure 1: Employment rate among prostitutes…………………………………................….28 Figure 2: Education as a factor hindering employment.........………………………....……..30 Figure 3: Losing a spouse.......................................…………………………………………..32 Figure 4: Physical and emotional abuse...................................………………………………33 Figure 5: Sexual abuse....…………………………………………………..........,,,,,,,,,,,,…...34 Figure 8: Summary of causes...................................................................................................36 List of Appendices Appendix 1: Interviewer Administered Questionnaire…………………………………….. Appendix 2: Interview Guide…………………………………………………………….. Appendix 3: Request for carrying out the research………………………………………. xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction The following is an outline of what this chapter contains. This section will provide the background of the study being carried out, the statement of the problem under investigation. It will also provide the aims and objectives of the study. Research questions to guide the researcher are also included in this section as well as assumptions of the study. To make the study authentic, the researcher will provide a significance of the study which will justify the reasons why the study is being carried out. 1.1 Background of study. HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest epidemics that the world is fighting. Prostitution is one of the factors fuelling
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