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Munzwa Patience B1336486 Supervisor Ms Chigondo ` A Dissertation Report SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS LEADING TO THE RISE OF CHILD PROSTITUTION: The case of Jerera Growth Point from 2014 to 2016 (after the Tokwe- Mkosi disaster). MUNZWA PATIENCE B1336486 SUPERVISOR MS CHIGONDO BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES ` A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Bachelor of Science Honors Degree in Social Work, Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities MAY 2017 APPROVAL FORM Supervisor I certify that I supervised Munzwa Patience in carrying out this research titled Socio economic factors leading to the rise of child prostitution: The case of Jerera Growth Point from 2014 to 2016 (after the Tokwe-Mkosi disaster) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Social Work Honours Degree and recommend that it proceeds for examination. Supervisor Name…………………………………………..Signature……………………….Date…… Chairman of the Department Board of Examiners The department board of examiners is satisfied that this dissertation report meets the examination requirements and therefore I recommend to Bindura University to accept a research project by Munzwa Patience titled Socio economic factors leading to the rise of child prostitution: The case of Jerera Growth Point from 2014 to 2016 (after the Tokwe- Mkosi disaster) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Social work Honours Degree. Chairperson Name…………………………………………Signature……………………...Date……… ii DECLARATION AND RELEASE FORM I, Munzwa Patience studying for the Bachelor of Social work Honours Degree, cognizant of the fact that plagiarism is a serious academic offence and that falsifying information is a breach of the ethics in Social Work research, truthfully declare that: 1. The dissertation report titled; Socio economic factors leading to the rise of child prostitution: The case of Jerera Growth Point from 2014 to 2016 (after the Tokwe-Mkosi disaster) is a result of my own work and has not been plagiarized. 2. I have followed research ethics required in persuit of Social Work research. I grant permission to the University to use this research report for educational purposes. Student Name…………………………….Signature……………..Date……………… Permanent home address Mutsambwa Primary School P. Bag 9138 Masvingo iii DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to my loving parents Elisha and Rumbidzai Munzwa who provided me with resources to use during the study. Their support, love and encouragement made my life easier; I love you so much, I pray that God guide them through their life endeavours such that they achieve that which they have always wanted. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to my family for the immeasurable support that they gave me throughout the time up to the completion of my Research project, starving their selves just so I could get all that I needed. Special mention goes to my supervisor Ms Chigondo for the support and guidance she gave me throughout the Research project. Her commitment towards her work and mine greatly contributed to the completion of my Research project. Above all, I give glory unto the Almighty for without him, I would not have been, for all things are made through him. v ABSTRACT The study focused on unravelling socio economic factors leading to the rise of child prostitution in Jerera after the Tokwe-Mkosi Disaster. The study established why children are engaging in commercial sex work, established the effects of child prostitution to the children and to the community of Jerera and identified ways to minimize child prostitution. The study was both qualitative and quantitative and used questionnaires and interviews for data collection. The study targeted 80 children practising prostitution in Jerera and 12 key informants. A sample of 15 children and 6 key informants was targeted; however 14 children and 5 key informants finally participated due to time and some children did not want to reveal information. The study findings revealed that poor economic and social conditions, family disorganization, negative impacts of a disaster have led children into prostitution. This has affected their social life, physical health, mental and psychological health and has increased the crime rate in the community. The strategies revealed in the study to address child prostitution include reunification to the family members, skills training and vocational training. The study recommends enforcement and monitoring of the formulated legislative laws to protect children, a multi sectoral approach to ensure protection of young girls, the social workers to advocate for the rights of the children. The early warning systems should also be made effective so as to reduce the impacts of the disasters. vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ACERW………………African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child CEDAW……………...Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women DCPC………………....District Child Protection Committee ICRW………………....International Centre for Research on Women ILO…………………... International Labor Organization NGOs…………………Non-Governmental Organizations UNCRC……………….United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children UNFPA………………..United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF……………… United Nations Children’s Education Fund WHO…………………..World Health Organization vii Table of Contents APPROVAL FORM ............................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION AND RELEASE FORM ........................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ vii TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………………..viii List of Tables and Figures ....................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the Study ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Aim ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................................. 5 1.8 Definition of Key Terms. .............................................................................................................. 6 1.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 7 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Systems Theory ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Social Learning Theory .......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Causes of Child Prostitution ......................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Pull factors ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2 Push factors .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Effects of Child Prostitution ....................................................................................................... 12 2.4.1 Negative effects to the child sex worker .............................................................................
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