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89 Aleksandar V. MILETIĆ Institute for Recent History УДК 327(497.1:48)”1952/1954”(093.2) 329.14(48)”1952/1954”(093.2) 32:929 Ђилас М.”1952/1954”(093.2) Оригиналан научни рад Примљен: 14. 9. 2015. Прихваћен: 26. 10. 2015. Aleksandar V. MILETIĆ Institute for Recent History of Serbia “Unrealised Nordic Dream”. [email protected] Milovan Đilas and the Scandinavian Socialists Abstract: At the beginning of 1950s, Yugoslavia faced the ideological problem of “justifying” its complicated foreign policy position, due to its conflict with the Eastern Bloc and the growing need for the cooperation with the West. While trying to solve this issue, Yugoslav leadership started estab- lishing contacts and cooperation with the Western European Left. The aim of this paper is to present one episode of Milo- van Đilas’s foreign policy activities related to the establish- ment of the first steps for cooperation between Yugoslav communists and a representative of Scandinavian socialists Keyin the words: period of 1952–1954. Milovan Đilas, Scandinavian socialists, Yugoslav communists, Yugoslavia, Scandinavia After the Informbiro (Cominform) Resolution in 1948, Yugoslavia was in a difficult international situation. The complexity of the situation was reflected in the fact that Yugoslavia, as a socialistic country, could no longer rely on aid and support from the East (the USSR and its satellites), but neither could it start cooperation with the capitalist West, first due to ideological reasons, since such an activity would mean an indubitable Serbs and Serbia in the Yugoslav and International Context: Internal Development and * ThisPosition article within has European/World been written within Community the framework of the scholarly project (№ 47027), financed by the Minisry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia. 89 ТОКОВИ ИСТОРИЈЕ 3/2015. compromise within the international labour movement. That is why the Yugoslav political confrontation with the East, as the conflict was esca- lating, directed its government more intensely towards searching for an “alternative” cooperation in the foreign policy field, and which, it was ob- vious, should have been sought on the opposite side of the world already divided into blocs. The West European Left was an important “link” for the Yugoslav undertaking in the period of establishing political connec- tions with the West. The importance of cooperation with the West Eu- ropean Left is reflected in the practical, political and ideological sphere. The visits of Western political representatives to Yugoslavia, as well as the visits of Yugoslav political officials to Western countries, were important for the introduction1 and connection of the Yugoslav govern- ment with the West. The Yugoslav side consciously initiated such meet- ings and visits, since each political contact and connection in the West was precious support for the current policy. Even though the contacts with some of the representatives of the Western European movements and left parties had already existed,2 and some individuals had visited Yugoslavia (even beforeJugoslavija 1948), i Hladnimore rat.serious Ogledi activities o spoljnoj politici began Josipa in 1950. Broza Tita (1944–1974), Yugoslavia and the Cold War. Essays 1 See:on the Ljubodrag Foreign Dimić,Policy of Josip Broz Tito 1944–1974, (Beograd:Jugoslavija Arhipelag, i Zapad 2014)1952–1955. [ Jugoslovensko približavanje NATO-u Yugoslavia(Belgrade: and the Arhipelag, West 1952–1955. 2014)]; DraganYugoslav Bogetić,Rapprochement to NATO Jugoslavija(Beograd: u Hladnom Službeni ratu. Odnosilist SRJ, s 2000)velikim [ silama 1949–1955 Yugoslavia in the Cold War. Relations with the Superpowers, (Belgrade:, Službeni list SRJ, 2000)]; Darko Bekić, Историја Европе, 1945–1992, [ Europe in Our Time, a History 1945–1992 ] (Zagreb: Globus,Spoljna 1988); politika Волтер Jugoslavije Лакер, 1950–1961 (Београд: Clio, 1999), Foreign[Walter PolicyLaqueur, of Yugoslavia 1950–1961 , (Belgrade: Clio, 1999)]; Velike sile i male države u hladnom ratu, urednik 1945– 1955.S. Selinić, Slučaj (Beograd: Jugoslavije INIS, 2008), [ , еdited by S. Selinić (Belgrade:Superpowers IRHS, 2008)];and Small Countries in the Cold War 1945–1955. The Case of Yugoslavia , urednik Lj. Dimić, (Beograd: Filozofski fakultet, Arhiv SCG, INIS, 2008), [ Југославија у Хладном рату, Yugoslavia, еdited in by the Lj. Cold Dimić War (Belgrade: Faculty of Philosophy, Archive of SCG, IRHS, 2008)]; уредник А. Животић, (Београд: ИНИС,Istorija 2010), XX [ veka , еdited by A. Životić, (Belgrade: IRHS, 2010)]; D. Bogetić, “JugoslovenskoHistory of približavanjethe XX Century Zapadu u vreme sukoba sa Kominformom”,Vlast i pobuna [“Yugoslav Rapprochement toPower the West and duringRebellion, the Conflict with the Cominform”, ] 1/1998, 61– 67; Milovan Đilas, , (Beograd: Književne novine, 1991) [ (Belgrade: Književne novine, 1991)]. 2 See: Archives of Yugoslavia (АY), Cabinet of Marshal of Yugoslavia (CMY), 1-2- а/120, Marshal Tito Receives British Labour Delegates and Secretary in the British Government G. Henry, S Bing and G. Word, Snows (Belgrade), 6 September 1946, 1–4; АY, CMY, 1-2-а/121, Marshal Tito Receives British Labour Delegate Conny, Zilliakus, (Belgrade), 7 September 1946 1–4; АY, CMY, 1-2-а/122, Marshal Tito Receives British Labour Delegate John Platts-Mills (Belgrade), 8 January 1947 90 Aleksandar V. MILETIĆ “UnreALISED NORDIC DREam”. Milovan Đilas and the scandinavian socialists Among the Western European Left, the British Labour Party was the most important, as well as the French Socialists (SFIO), German Social- Democratic Party (SDP), etc. Scandinavian socialist also had an impor- tant position, especially the Swedish and Norwegian party. Milovan Đilas, the president of the Commission for International Relations of the Cen- tral Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CC CPY), was given the task of establishing aforementioned contacts. Political contacts with the Swedish Social-Democratic Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti – SAP), were establish in the mid-1951. The relationships were developing without3 any difficulties, so that the visit of a SAP representative to Yugoslavia was arranged in spring of the following year. However, contrary to other Western Euro- pean Left parties, a strong theoretical dispute with the representatives of Yugoslav communists characterized the relationship with the SAP. The proposal for the visit of a SAP representative to Yugoslavia was made by the Yugoslav side. At the meeting4 of a Yugoslav representa- tive with the SAP secretary Sven Aspling and SAP secretary5 for the in- ternational affairs Kaj Björk in Stockholm in March6 1952, it was decided that a Swedish socialist and journalist Kaj Björk would pay a visit to Yugoslavia in April. The goal of this visit was to introduce the Yugoslav society and political system to the SAP representative. Yugoslavia was 1–3; АY, CMY, 1-2-а/124, Marshal Tito Receives Group of British Parliamentarians, Labour Delegate (Belgrade), 6 October 1947, 1–11; АY, CMY, 1-2-а/128, Marshal Tito Receives Member of the British Parliament Conny Zilliakus, (Belgrade), 4 September 1949; АY, CMY, 1-2-а/130, Marshal Tito Receives Former delegate of the British Parliament Conny Zilliakus by (Belgrade), 30April 1950. 3 АY, 507/IX, Central Committee of League of Communists of Yugoslavia (CC LCY), Commission for the International Relations and Correspondence (CIRC), Sweden, 125/II-14, Record of the Conversation with the Secretary of the Swedish. Social- Democratic Party Sven Aspling, on 26 January 1952; АY, 507/IX, CC LCY, CIRC, Sweden, 125/II-14, Record of the Phone Conversation with Sven AsplingVärmlands 4 SvenFolkblad Gustav Aspling (1912–2000), Swedish socialist politician and journalist. Born in Filipstad. Before WWII, he worked as a journalist in the Swedish daily . Organizational Secretary of the Swedish Social-Democratic Party (SAP) from 1946 and a general secretary from 1948. He was a representative of the SAP in the Swedish parliament (1956–1985) and the Minister of Social Affairs (1962– 1976). He died in Stockholm in 2000. 5 АY, 507/IX, CC LCY, CIRC, Sweden, 125/II-14, Record of the Conversation with Sven Apsling and Kaj Björk, 5 March 1952. 6 Kaj Ake Björk (1918–), a Swedish socialist politician, diplomat and journalist.Tiden Born inNy Goteborg.Tid He was a Secretary for International Affairs in the Swedish Social- Democratic party (1947–1955). He edited social-democratic newspapers and . He was a delegate in the upper chamber of the Swedish Parliament (1965– 1973), a SAP representative in the Socialist International and a Swedish ambassador in China. He lives in Goteborg. 91 ТОКОВИ ИСТОРИЈЕ 3/2015. completely unknown to the Swedish socialists, and while arranging the visit, Björk defined his fields of interests and issues to be discussed with the representatives of Yugoslav communists. Björk primarily wanted “to obtain a general picture of Yugoslavia” and “to discuss the Yugoslav for- eign policy position”. He then added that, “as for the theoretical issues, he was especially interested in a discussion about socialism and democ- racy” and the Yugoslav experience in those matters, that he wanted to be introduced to “the work of mass organizations7 and the press”, and that he wanted to pay a visit to an industrial facility. Kaj Björk stayed in Yugo- slavia for two weeks, from 8 to 22 April 1952, and on the day he arrived,8 he dined with Milovan Đilas, Rodoljub Čolaković and Vladimir Dedijer. During his stay, Björk was enabled to stay in several cities (Belgrade, Sa- rajevo,
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