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Detlef Murphy Die Entwicklung Der Politischen Parteien in Irland

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Detlef Murphy Die Entwicklung Der Politischen Parteien in Irland Detlef Murphy Die Entwicklung der politischen Parteien in Irland Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien Schriftenreihe dar sozialwissenschaftlichen Institute der Universitat Hamburg Herausgegeben von M.-E. Hilger, J. Kob, W. Steffani Heft 19 Detlef Murphy Die Entwicklung der politischen Parteien in Irland LESKE VERLAG + BUDRICH GMBH, OPLADEN 1982 Die Entwicklung der politischen Parteien in Irland Nationalismus, Katholizismus und agrarischer Konservatismus als Determinanten der irischen Politik von 1823 bis 1977 DETLEF MURPHY LESKE VERLAG + BUDRICH GMBH, OPLADEN 1982 Meiner Mutter meinem Vater und Monika Cip-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Murphy, Detl8f: Die Entwicklung der politischen Parteien in Irland: Nationalismus, Katholizismus u. agrar. Konv8rvatismus als Determinanten ir. Politik von 1823-1977 / Detlef Murphy. - Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 1982. (Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien; H. 19) ISBN 978-3-8100-0398-0 ISBN 978-3-322-93730-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-322-93730-8 NE GT (c) Leske Verlag + Budrich GmbH, Opladen 1982 Gesamtherstellung: Hain Druck GmbH, Meisenheim/Glan I N HAL T EINLEITUNG 14 A. THEORETISCH-METHODISCHE GRUNDLEGUNG 27 1. Die Republik Irland in der vergleichenden Parteienforschung: Der permanent abweichende Fall 27 2. Zum Forschungsstand: Ein Parteiensystem sui generis? 39 3. Zur BegrUndung des historisch-genetischen Ansatzes: Das Parteiensystem als Endprodukt des Kampfes urn nationale Souveranitat 52 4. Zum Phasenmodell 64 B. HISTORISCHE VERLAUFSANALYSE: IRISCHE PARTEIPOLITIK 1M 19. UND 20. JAHRHUNDERT 74 1. DIE HISTORISCHE AUSGANGSSITUATION: IRLAND BIS ZUR UNION VON 1800 74 1.1. Die Union von 1800 als Ausgangspunkt des modernen irischen Nationalismus 75 1.2. Das keltische Irland 76 1.3. Der Beginn der britischen Herrschaft in 1rland 77 1.4. Okonomische Ausbeutung und religiose Verfolgung 78 1.5. Protestantischer Nationalismus: Die Rebellion der Kolonialelite 85 1.6. Der Mythos von 'Ninety-Eight': FrUher Republikanismus 86 1. 7. Zusammenfassung: Kollektives GeschichtsbewuBtsein und politische Kultur 89 2. IRISCHE PARTEIPOL1TIK 1M BRITISCHEN POLITISCHEN SYSTEM 91 2.1. Konfessioneller Nationalismus: Die Catholic Association (1823-1829) 92 2.1.1. Das politische System 1rlands zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts 92 1 2.1.2. Massenmobilisierung und organisatorischer Aufbruch: Das Modell der Catholic Association 96 2.1.3. Zusammenfassung: Christliche Demokratie und Nationalismus 101 2.2. Politischer Nationalismus: Die Repeal Party (1830-1849) 104 2.2.1. Die Repeal Party zwischen liberaler Faktion und nationaler Partei 104 2.2.2. Das BUndnis von Lichfield House: Irische Nationalisten in einer englischen Partei 110 2.2.3. Die zweite Phase der Repeal-Politik: Das Scheitern der auBerparlamentarischen Massenmobilisierung 114 2.2.4. Die groBe Hungersnot als Wendepunkt der irischen Nationalbewegung 119 2.2.5. Zusammenfassung: Charisma, Parlamentarismus und Massenmobilisierung 121 2.3. Agrarjscher Natjonalismus: Die Independent Party und die Tenant League (1850-1859) 126 2.3.1. Die Heraufkunft der Landfrage als dominierendes Issue des 19. Jahrhunderts 126 2.3.2. Die Pachterliga: Organisierter Agrarnationalismus 129 2.3.3. Pachterliga und Partei: Das prekare BUndnis 131 2.3.4. Die katholischen Bischofe und der Niedergang der Independent Party: Der klerikal-politische Komplex 138 2.3.5. Die Diskreditierung des Parlamentarismus und der militant-konspirative Republikanismus 142 2.3.6. Zusammenfassung: Die organisatorische und strategische Emanzipation des militant-konspirativen Republikanismus vom katholischen K1erus 145 2.4. Der etablierte Nationalismys zwjschen Parlarnent. ynd Reyolution: Die Irish Parljamentary party (1870-1918) 147 2.4.1. Die Anfange: Der konservative Honoratiorenklub der Home Government Association for Ireland 147 2.4.2. Die Home Rule Party als Initiator organisatorischen, taktischen und programmatischen Wandels: Faktion in der Faktion und parlamentarische Obstruktion 149 2.4.3. Die Home Rule Party und das "New Departure" des irischen Nationalismus: Die Konsolidierung des "Parnellism" (1880-1885) 154 2.4.3.1. Parnellism: Charisma und Strategie 154 2.4.3.2. Von der Land League zur Irish National League: Die Parlamentarisierung des "New Departure" 155 2.4.3.3. Die Disziplinierung der Parlamentsfraktion 161 2 2.4.4. Die "New Party" nach der Wahl von 1885: Zwischen agrarischem Radikalismus und klerikalem Konservatismus (1885-1889) 162 2.4.4.1. Die Irish Party als dritte Kraft im britischen Parteiensystem: Die Verdrangung der Liberalen aus Irland 163 2.4.4.2. Die kontrollierte Radikalisierung: Der Plan of Campai gn 166 2.4.4.3. Nationalkatholizismus und vatikanische Intervention: Die Irish Party zwischen Religion und Politik 168 2.4.4.4. Das nationalistisch-liberale BUndnis und seine Auswirkungen auf das britische Parteiensystem 171 2.4.5. Spaltung und beginnender Niedergang: Der Konflikt um Parnell (1890-1900) 173 2.4.5.1. Politische Strategie und viktorianische Moral: Die O'Shea-Affare und der Sturz Parnells 174 2.4.5.2. Klerikaler Konservatismus und liberaler Opportunismus: Die Spaltung der IPP 177 2.4.6. Der Zerfall des konstitutionellen Nationalismus: Die IPP unter Redmond und Dillon (1900-1918) 182 2.4.6.1. Wiedervereinigung und F1Ugelbildung 183 2.4.6.2. Die IPP zwischen militanten Unionisten und radikalen Nationalisten: Die Zuspitzung des Home-Rule-Konflikts 185 2.4.6.3. Der Osteraufstand von 1916: Triumph in der Niederlage 192 2.4.6.4. Der Beginn des Niedergangs: Die Nachwahlen von 1917 und 1918 198 2.4.7. Zusammenfassung: Das Erbe des konstitutionellen Nationalismus 204 3. DIE PHASE DES OBERGANGS: VOM IRISCHEN SEKTOR DES BRITISCHEN PARTEIENSYSTEMS ZUM MODERNEN IRISCHEN PARTEIENSYSTEM 209 3.1. Reyolutionjeryng: Die Sinn Fein als Ejnhejtspartej des Nationalismus (1917-1922) 210 3.1.1. Die Unterhauswahlen von 1918 210 3.1.2. Die elektorale Abstinenz der Labour Party: Arbeiterbewegung und Nationale Front 213 3.1.3. Die monarchistische ("alte") Sinn Fein (1904-1917) 221 3.1.4. Die nationalistische ("neue") Sinn Fein (1917-1921) 223 3.1.4.1. Auf dem Weg zur Einheitspartei: Radikalisierung und Militanz (1917-1919) 223 3.1.4.2. Konspirativer Parlamentarismus: Dail Eireann und Guerilla (1919-1921) 229 3.1.4.3. Sinn Fein und Arbeiterbewegung: Programmatischer KompromiB, politischer Streik und elektorale Konkurrenz 235 3 3.1.5. Der an9lo-irische Vertrag von 1921: Die Spaltung des Dail Eireann 242 3.1.6. Die Parlamentswahlen von 1922: Das Ende der Einheitspartei 246 3.1. 7. BUrgerkrieg und Parteienkonkurrenz 250 3.1.8. Zusammenfassun9: Von der Parlamentspartei zur Nat i ona 1en Front 255 3.2. Formierung: Die Spaltung der Nationalen Front ( 1922-192]) 259 3.2.1. Nationalistische Ideologie und sozio-okonomische Interessen: Der Hintergrund der Spaltung 259 3.2.2. Die Labour Party und die radikale Linke 268 3.2.3. Die "konservative Revolution" 270 3.2.4. Von der republikanischen Sinn Fein zur Fianna Fail: Die Vertragsgegner auf dem Weg in das System 274 3.2.5. Polarisierung und Konzentration: Die "ability to govern" als dominierendes Issue der Innenpolitik 288 3.2.6. Zusammenfassung: Von der Nationalbewegung zum nationalistischen Bipolarismus 293 4. DAS MODERNE IRISCHE PARTEIENSYSTEM: ZWEIEINHALB PARTEIEN IN EINER SICH WANDELNDEN GESELLSCHAFT 296 4.1. Konsolidierung: Der etablierte Bipolarismus (1927-1932) 297 4.1.1. "A slightly constitutional party": Der Anpassungswandel der Fianna Fail 297 4.1.2. Fianna Fail, Labour Party und Linksrepublikanismus 303 4.1.3. Zusammenfassung: Die Etablierung des Republikanismus 306 4.2. Von der Anti-System-Partei zur staatstragenden Kraft: Die erste Phase der Fianna-Fail-Dominanz (1932-1948) 308 4.2.1. Die Parlamentswahlen von 1932 308 4.2.2. Der Machtwechsel 312 4.2.3. Die Errichtung des FF-Staats 314 4.2.4. Die konservative Formierung: Fine Gael 320 4.2.5. Die Verfassung von 1937 324 4.2.6. Die Deradikalisierung der Labour Party: Der Verzicht auf die "Workers' Republic" 326 4.2.7. Die "Invasion des Zentrums": Die symbolische Militanz der Fianna Fail 328 4.2.8. Die Anfange des peripheren Protests: Clann na Talmhan 332 4.2.9. Die Spaltung von Labour Party und Gewerkschaften 335 4.2.10 Die Clann na Poblachta als Partei des linksrepublikanischen Protests 339 4.2.11. Zusammenfassung: Das Parteiensystem im Wandel 345 4 4.3. Anti-Fianna-Fail-Koalitionen und gescheiterte Diversifizierung des Parteiensystems (1948-1957) 349 4.3.1. Die erste Inter-Party-Koalition 349 4.3.2. Die "Mutter-und-Kind"-Affare: Katholizismus und Sozialstaat 353 4.3.3. Die zweite Inter-Party-Koalition 359 4.3.4. Zusammenfassung: Der VerschleiB der Protestparteien 363 4.4. Die Modernisierung der irischen Parteien: Die zweite Phase der Fianna-Fail-Dominanz (1957-1973) 365 4.4.1. "Vote Yes and de Valera": Die gescheiterte Reform des Wahl systems 365 4.4.2. Die Modernisierung des Republikanismus: Die Fianna Fail unter Lemass 368 4.4.3. Der Linkswandel der Fine Gael: Die "Just Society" 373 4.4.4. Der Linkswandel der Labour Party: Die "New Republic" 379 4.4.5. Die Reaktion der Fianna Fail: Die Politik des "Electoral Engineering" 386 4.4.6. Auf dem Weg zur National Coalition: Die Annaherung von Fine Gael und Labour Party 392 4.4.7. Zusammenfassung: Programmatischer Wandel und BUndnisstrategie 403 4.5. Das heterogene BUndnis: Die National Coalition von Fine Gael und Labour Party (1973-1977) 405 4.5.1. Wahl system, BUndnisstrategie und Wahlerverhalten 405 4.5.2. Koalitionszwange und programmatischer Anspruch: Der Widerstand der Labour-Linken 410 4.5.3. Die Parlamentswahlen von 1977: Issuestrategie, Wahlkampforganisation
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