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Public and Private Service Provision of Solid Waste Management in Kampala, Uganda

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Public and Private Service Provision of Solid Waste Management in Kampala, Uganda Public and Private Service Provision of Solid Waste Management in Kampala, Uganda Mesharch W. Katusiimeh TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... VII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background: public and private provisioning in solid waste management ............... 2 1.2 Solid waste management in Kampala ........................................................................ 9 1.3 Solid waste characteristics and overview of the policy and legal framework for SWM in Kampala ........................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Problem statement and study objectives .................................................................. 17 1.5 Description of study area ......................................................................................... 21 1.6 Data .......................................................................................................................... 24 1.7 Contribution of this research .................................................................................... 27 1.8 Outline of the thesis ................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 2: THE OPERATIONS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROVISION OF SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES IN KAMPALA ....................................................................................................................... 31 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 32 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 33 2.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................ 35 2.3 Results and discussion ............................................................................................. 37 2.3.1 Public and private sectors operations in SWM in Kampala ............................... 37 2.3.2 Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of respondents ..................... 39 2.3.3 Services provision .............................................................................................. 41 2.3.4 Payments for solid waste collection ................................................................... 43 2.3.5 Satisfaction with service provision .................................................................... 43 2.3.6 Explanations ....................................................................................................... 47 i 2.4 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 3: PRIVATISATION OF WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES AND THE REMOVAL OF PUBLIC CONTAINERS IN KAMPALA. ............................................ 53 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 54 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 55 3.2 Theoretical considerations ....................................................................................... 58 3.2.1 Private sector supply response ........................................................................... 62 3.3 Data and methods of investigation ........................................................................... 64 3.4 Empirical findings .................................................................................................... 66 3.4.1 Choice of method of waste disposal before and after privatization ................... 66 3.4.2 Relation between fees and service level ............................................................. 73 3.4.3 Rating of old skips.............................................................................................. 74 3.4.4 Effects of fees on the ratings .............................................................................. 81 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 4: CO-EXISTENCE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL WASTE COLLECTION IN KAMPALA. ...................................................................................... 87 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 88 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 89 4.2 Informal sector in urban solid waste management in developing countries. ........... 91 4.3 Setting and data ........................................................................................................ 95 4.4 Results and discussion ............................................................................................. 99 4.4.1 Characteristics of informal waste providers in Kampala ................................... 99 4.4.2 Income category of service recipients .............................................................. 100 4.4.3 Quality of services provided ............................................................................ 106 4.4.4 Incomes earned by informal refuse collectors .................................................... 107 4.4.5 Future plans of informal sector collectors ........................................................ 110 4.4.6 Links between the formal sector and informal collectors ................................ 111 4.4.7 Legal recognition.............................................................................................. 113 ii 4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 115 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACIES OF MAJOR EVENTS. SOLID WASTE MANAGMENT AND THE COMMONWEALTH HEADS OF GOVERNMENT‟S MEETING (CHOGM) IN KAMPALA. ......................................................................... 117 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 118 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 119 5.2 Major events and their environmental legacies ...................................................... 120 5.2.1 Mega and major events .................................................................................... 120 5.2.2 Major events and the environment ................................................................... 123 5.3 Data and methods of investigation ......................................................................... 125 5.4 CHOGM and its effects on solid waste management ............................................ 131 5.4.1 Solid waste management before CHOGM ....................................................... 131 5.4.2 Preparing for CHOGM ..................................................................................... 133 5.4.3 Perceptions of solid waste management practices and environmental effects . 135 5.4.4 Assessment of environmental legacy institutionalization ................................ 139 5.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 146 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 149 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 150 6.2 Synthesis of the main study findings ..................................................................... 153 6.3 Policy implications ................................................................................................. 158 6.4 Limitations and suggestions for further research ................................................... 161 References .................................................................................................................... 164 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 176 Samenvatting ................................................................................................................ 181 About the Author ......................................................................................................... 186 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 General Waste Composition in Kampala………………………………….…..14 Table 1.2 Description of data sets constructed for this research…………………………27 Table 2.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents……………………....……40 Table 2.2 Frequency of collection of waste from households………………………...…43 Table 2.3 Satisfaction with service provision……………………………………………46 Table 3.1 Households by disposal systems used in 1996-2001 and by system used in 2002-2007…………………..............…………………………………………………....66
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