Is the ScientificChapter Evidence Two of Creation and IntelligentinTeLLigenT Design congruent design with Scripture?

A scientific evaluation of the top questions in the Creation vs. Evolution debate.

1. Was there a “Big Bang” or was there a “Big god”?

Today the known universe appears to contain about one hundred billion galaxies with approximately one hundred billion stars in each galaxy. It is believed that this “cosmos” extends across a diameter of 27.4 billion light years. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, also contains approximately one hundred billion stars and spans out approximately five hundred and eighty quadrillion miles.

For centuries scientists believed that the universe itself was constant; the universe had no beginning or no end. But Einstein’s “Theory of Relativity” in 1920 challenged that long held idea indeed. In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble, from the Mt. Wilson observatory overlooking Los Angeles, confirmed Einstein’s theoretical predictions with emperical science. Hubble noticed that the entire universe was indeed moving away from us in all directions. Therefore if the universe was rapidly expanding, scientists concluded that if they could rewind cosmic history (like running a motion picture film backwards through a projector) the cosmos would be seen shrinking over time; going all the way back to a time of 15-20 billion years ago when the cosmos was a mere mathematical point in empty space.

In April 2006, this naturalistic view was severely challenged when N.A.S.A.’s WMAP satellite, traveling with the best telescopic power in the world, concluded while gazing into the ever expanding cosmos, that at the very beginning (“Big Bang” or “Big God”) the universe expanded from this subatomic particle Billions of Light Years in the first trillionth of a second!i This, “inflation phase” of early cosmological birth defies every known law of physics. No wonder Dr. Robert Jastrow, Director of N.A.S.A.’s Goddard Institute said, “Now we know with absolutely certainty that supernatural forces were at work in the origin of the universe.”ii

Many great researchers of modern science continue to verify that view.

Dr. Robert Jastrow, after studying the most recent glimpses of the ever expanding cosmos, said, “Most remarkable of all is the fact that in science, as in the Bible, the world begins with an act of creation. Now we see how the astronomical evidence leads to a Biblical view of the origin of the world…. The astronomers are so

3 embarrassed by this that for the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled the mountain of ignorance, and he is about to conquer the highest peak when he finds himself face to face with a group of theologians who have been there for centuries!”iii

Dr. Arthur Compton, (Harvard Graduate and Nobel Prize winner in Physics) prophetically predicts this very recent viewpoint, “For myself, faith begins with a realization that a supreme intelligence brought the universe into being and created man. It is not difficult for me to have this faith, for it is incontrovertible that where there is a plan, there is intelligence- an orderly, unfolding universe testifies to the truth of the most majestic statement ever uttered- ‘in the beginning God’.”iv

A vast chorus of dissenting scientists has recently cried out for scientific reason. Regarding the so called Big Bang, Dr. Andrei Linde (Stanford cosmo physicist) reported, “The Big Bang theory is scientifically brain dead……one may wonder what came before the Big Bang? If space and time did not exist, then how could everything appear from nothing?”v

The Bible clearly expresses God’s informative viewpoint.

“For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools.” Romans 1:20-22

2. did life “evolve” on planet earth billions of years ago?

While most textbooks with obvious atheistic bias continue to propagate the long now abandoned theory that life somehow began arbitrarily on earth through a series of random chemical accidents, true empirical science supports Louis Pasteur’s findings of 150 years ago that this idea of “spontaneous generation” is utterly impossible.

Dr. Edwin Conklin, professor of biology at Princeton University, illustrates the humorous impossibility of life originating from random chemical accidents claimed by atheists. The idea that the first speck of life supposedly originated in a supposed “prebiotic soup” on early Earth is absurd in the highest degree. “The probability of life originating from accident is comparable to the probability of the unabridged dictionary resulting from an explosion in a printing shop.”vi

4 Sir John Eccles, neuroscientist and Nobel Laureate in Medicine and Physiology, speaks to the credibility of life originating through Divine design and how it is the only viable viewpoint. “We come to exist through a divine act. It is the only view consistent with all the evidence.”vii

Sir Fred Hoyle scoffs at the ridiculous atheistic notion when he says, “The notion that a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial organic soup here on earth is evidently nonsense of a high order.”viii “There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginning of life were not random, life must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence.”

Dr. Emil Borel, the architect of the Law of Probability, states that “anything beyond 1 in 1 times 10 with 50 zeros will never happen no matter how much time is allotted.”

Genesis chapter 1 plainly states the obvious with clarity. “Then God said, ‘Let the earth sprout forth with vegetation’…and God said, ‘Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures and let the birds fly above the earth’…and God made the living creatures…and God said, ‘Let us make man in our image’…!”

. do utations over tie produce evolution of ne species?

In Genesis chapter 1, God makes it very clear that He created each different species uniquely and individually. Furthermore, He states thirteen times that each species reproduced “after its ind.”

Indeed, in observable science today, throughout written history, and in the fossil record, all creatures reproduce the same species.

While it is true that species can adapt gradually over time (horizontal micro-evolution), all species always adapt (as in kinds of dogs) to the same species. Any attempt to prove by science or by the fossil record that species evolve into higher forms has been repeatedly refuted.

Dr. Pierre-Paul Grosse, former President of the French Academie des Science and the scientist who held the Chair of Evolution at the Sorbonne in Paris for twenty years says, “No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution. There is no law against day dreaming, but science must not indulge in it.”ix

5 Today, about one million different species of plants and animals have been identified. It is believed by scientists today that there are about , more species yet to be identified.

utations do not produce evolution. ctually, the opposite is true.

volutionist r. H.. ueller says, “The vast majority of mutations are detriental to the species.”xi

volutionist r. .. artin in “The merican cientist” said, “lmost all known mutations are unmistakably pathological.”xii

What you find in science is micro-evolution, not macro-evolution. icro-evolution is horizontal change, better known as adaptation, such as peppered moths evolving into different colored peppered moths or arwin’s famous finches evolving into different types of finches. There isno species evolution or macro-evolution in the fossil record.

ccording to r. olin atterson of the British useum of atural History, “o one has ever formed a species by mutations or natural selection. o one has ever even gotten close to it.”xiii

ven harles arwin expresses serious doubts about his own theory.

“To suppose that the eye with all of its inimitable contrivances for adjusting to focus to different distances for many different amounts of light and for the correction of the spherical and chromatic aberrations could have been formed by natural selection seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree.”xiv

. hat do all the “issing lins” tell us about evolution?

arwin expresses other doubts about his theory that the brilliance of intelligent design could have been accomplished by blind chance.

arwin had a problem with the lack of missing links or transitional forms in the fossil record. He said in his book, he rigin of pecies, that “The number of intermediate and transitional links between all living and extinct species must have been inconceivably great.”xv

6 The insurmountable problem Darwin faced in 1836 is the same insurmountable problem still faced today: the lack of missing links. In fact, Dr. Colin Patterson, Chief Paleontologist for the British Museum of Natural History and regarded as the most respected fossil scientist in the world, himself with a collection of over eight million fossils, in his book, Evolution didn’t feature one transition in the fossil record. When questioned by creationists, he responded in a personal letter that said, “If there were one transition in the fossil record for which I could have made a water tight argument, I would have included it in my book. But there is not one such transition in the fossil record for which we can master a water tight argument.”xvi

“God made the beasts of the earth after their kind, and the cattle after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good.” Genesis 1:25

5. Who did adam’s sons marry?

Answer: They married their sisters, and eventually, their cousins. There were no laws against intermarriage at that time, and there were no mutant genes in the young gene pool, so intermarrying produced viable offspring. Adam lived 936 years. He had a big family!

6. Where did the races come from?

Answer: Adam and Eve had all genes for color in their genetic makeup. Earth’s various people groups possess differing amounts of melanin in our genes that mandate varying degrees of skin color. We are all one blood with one set of parents.

The subtitle of Darwin’s book was actually “The Origin of Species, the Preservation of Favored Races.” Darwin, simply put, was a racist and taught that some people groups were lower members of the evolutionary scale, when in reality, according to the Bible and according to Creationists, Adam and Eve had dominant and recessive genes for melanin in their genetic code. As the centuries progressed, people with darker skin who tolerated sun better migrated toward the equator and people with lighter skin who didn’t tolerate sun as well migrated away from the equator. Because of a sin

7 issue, not a skin issue, different colors throughout history have tended to form classes and factions. Today, through the teachings of Jesus those biases are being abandoned by true believers and other good thinking people.

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7. What happened to the dinosaurs?

The fossil record reveals that tens of thousands of dinosaur fossils, instantly fossilized, covered and pressurized by millions of tons of mud, sand, and gravel have been discovered on all seven continents. Some of these fossilized skeletons are 80-100 feet long and 30 feet high! In genesis 7:23, the Bible answers this dilemma with the only plausible solution consistent with the evidence. “Thus He blotted out every living thing that was upon the face of the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the sky, and they were blotted out from the earth; and only Noah was left, together with those that were with him in the ark.”

Evolutionists suggest two scenarios: A large comet hit the earth and raised a giant cloud of dust,

8 blotting out the sun and killing the dinosaurs; or perhaps, the large comet broke up into millions of golf ball size pieces of hail and hit the dinosaurs in the head and killed them.

Everyone knows that when something dies and lays uncovered on the earth it is either eaten or decays and decomposes over time (The Second Law of Thermodynamics).

In a fossil bed in Glenrose, TX, human footprints have been found walking in the same layer of strata as dinosaur footprints.

There are at least 30 examples worldwide of cave dwelling humans leaving hand inscribed pictures of dinosaurs on cave walls. They had no photographs or textbooks to show them how to draw dinosaurs.

Burial rocks of the Toltec Indians of Southern Mexico from only a few hundred years ago show hand drawn pictures of dinosaurs living with, and observed by, human beings.

The Bible, in the book of Job, describes a dinosaur perfectly.

“Behold now, behemoth, which I made as well as you; He eats grass like an ox. Behold now, his strength in his loins, and his power in the muscles of his belly. He bends his tail like a cedar (the cedars of Lebanon are 70-80 feet tall); the sinews of his thighs are knit together. His bones are tubes of bronze; his limbs are like bars of iron.” Job 40:15-18

Ever see an elephant or a rhinoceros with a thirty foot long tail?

8. What about coal, stalactites, and petrified wood?

Coal: Knives, candlesticks, metal children’s toys, and other obviously human implements have been found incased in pure coal. Whole trees without termites or decay have been found with coal formed all around them. E.S. Moore, a coal geologists, declares, “From all available evidence it would appear that coal may form in a very short time, geologically speaking, if conditions are favorable.”xvii

Stalactites over 6 feet long have been found in mines less than 200 years old. Stalactites over 18” long have been found under the Lincoln Memorial.

Petrified Wood: Many known and once living species have been found petrified in very short periods of time. For example, oranges have been found petrified in Australia. Oranges were not introduced into Australia until 1868.

9 Coral: Underwater explorers recently found a five-foot in diameter coral growth on a bow gun of a ship sunk in 1944.xviii

9. doesn’t the geological column prove evolution?

The only place you can find the geological column is in your textbooks.

According to Professor A.E.J. Engle of the California Institute of Technology, only 1% of the earth’s crust is decipherable. He said, “By imaginative manipulation we can construct an awesome history of the earth.”xix Surely, the laws of true empirical science are not satisfied by imaginative manipulation.

Geologist Dr. Walter Lammerts, a renowned expert in earth geology, says, “The actual percentage of area showing this progressive order from the simple to the complex is surprisingly small. Indeed, formations with very complex forms of life are often found resting directly on basic granite. Furthermore, I have in my own files, a list of over 500 cases that attest toreverse order, that is simple forms of life resting on top of more advanced types.”xx

A better explanation is a cataclysmic worldwide flood.xxi

10. What about the evolutionary chain of man and the models of ‘missing links’ that are found in museums all over the world?

Simply put, the models that fill our museums are made of precious few bone fragments, plaster of Paris, and fake hair.

All of the supposed ‘missing links’ in the human chain have been falsified or the bone fragments are so small they are unfalsifiable.

Neanderthal man – “Neanderthal man was a direct descendant of Adam and Eve. He was fully human and was a product of his environment. Neanderthals were larger brained, more muscular, extremely strong, and longer-lived than modern man. We must not let our preconceived notions about supposed prehistoric men cloud our picture of the proper understanding of Neanderthal man. Only when we consider all the facts can we see the complete picture. Neanderthal man was not a product of evolution. All of the evidence properly understood supports the Genesis account of early

10 man as described in the Bible.”xxii

Lucy (Australopiitchus) – Richard Leakey, the director of the National Museum in Kenya and son of Louis Leakey who discovered “Lucy”, says, “Lucy’s skull was so incomplete that most of it was imagination made of plaster of paris.”xxiii In National Geographic of June 1973 Richard Leakey stated,” Either we toss out the 1470 skull (Lucy) or we toss out all our theories of early man. It simply fits no previous models of human beginnings. 1470 leaves in ruin the notion that all early fossils can be arranged in an orderly sequence of evolutionary changes.”xxiv Sir Solly Zuckerman, Secretary of the Zoological Society of London, said, “Lucy’s skull is in fact so overwhelming ape as opposed to human that the contrary proposition could be equated to asserting that black is white.”xxv

Java Man - Initially discovered by Dutchman Eugene Dubois in 1891, all that was found of this claimed originator of humans was a skullcap, three teeth and a femur. The femur was found 50 feet away from the original skullcap a full year later. For almost 30 years Dubois downplayed the Wadjak skulls (two undoubtedly human skulls found very close to his “missing link”).xxvi (Dubois) later said they were unrelated.

Nebraska Man – Though published widely as a missing link and used as pro-evolution evidence in the famous “monkey trial” in Dayton, TN, this fraud was later discovered to have been totally conjured from a wild pig’s tooth now extinct in North America and living currently in Paraguay.

Piltdown Man – “In 1912 Charles Dawson discovered the first of two skulls found in the Piltdown quarry in Sussex, England, skulls of an apparently primitive hominid, an ancestor of man. Piltdown man, or Eoanthropus dawsoni to use his scientific name, was a sensation. He was the expected “missing link” a mixture of human and ape with the noble brow of Homo sapiens and a primitive jaw.”xxvii “With few exceptions nobody suggested that the finds were a hoax until the very end. The beginning of the end came when a new dating technique, the fluorine absorption test, became available. The Piltdown fossils were dated with this test in 1949; the tests established that the fossils were relatively modern.”xxviii

Evolutionist and paleontologist Joseph Weiner sums up the hoax of human evolution well: “It is quite obvious that modern man could not have risen from any ape, let alone monkey at all similar to those of today. It is ridiculous to describe man as a “naked” ape or any other kind of ape.”xxix

Dr. Wolfang Smith agrees and states, “On the fundamental level it becomes a rigorously demonstrable fact that there are no transitional types, and that the so-called missing links are indeed still missing.”xxx

11 The total number of fossilized bones found in the search for hominoids (missing links in the human evolutionary chain) would not even cover the top of a pool table. From this small amount of bone, the museums have built their imaginative models upon towers of bias and preconceived notions.

Evolutionist Albert C. Ingalls sounds the alarm that causes the scientific world to continue this massive cover-up and deception, “If man, or even his ape ancestor, or even the ape ancestor’s early mammal ancestor, existed as far back as in the carboniferous period in any shape, then the whole science of geology is so completely wrong that all geologists would resign their jobs and take up truck driving.”xxxi

11. What did Jesus say about the evolution of man?

Jesus was there at the beginning.

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through Him, and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being.” John 1:1-3

Jesus testified personally of the account of Genesis 1.

“But from the beginning of creation, God made them (Adam and Eve) male and female.” Mark 10:6

Dr. Soren Luvtrop, Professor of Zoo-physiology at the University of Umea in Sweden said, “I suppose that nobody will deny that it is a great misfortune if an entire branch of science becomes addicted to a false theory, but this is what happened in biology. I believe one day the Darwinian myth will be ranked as the greatest deceits in the history of science. When this happens, many people will pose the question, ‘How did this ever happen?’”xxxii

David, who was raised as a shepherd boy, may have had the greatest insight of all!

“The heavens are telling of the glory of God; and their expanse is declaring the work of His hands.” Psalm 19:1

i Dan Vergano. “Big Bang Unfolded in the Blink of an Eye: Data from NASA Satellite Bolsters ‘Inflation’ Theory of Cosmic Growth.” USA Today March 17, 2006, 2A. ii Dr. Robert Jastrow, Director of the Goddard Institute, N.A.S.A Intellectuals Speak Out About God New York: Regenery Gateway 1984 p 21-22 iii Intellectuals Speak Out About God New York: Regenery Gateway 1984 p. 52

12 iv Chicago Daily News- 12 April 1936 v The Mathematical Journal, 1992. Vol. 2, Issue 1 vi Reader’s Digest, Jan. 1963, p. 92 vii The Intellectuals Speak Out About God “Modern Biology and the Turn to Belief in God”, 1984a, 50 viii “Hoyle on Evolution:”, Nature, Vol. 294, Nov. 12, 1981 and “The Big Bang in Astronomy,” p. 527 ix Pierre-Paul Grosse, Past-President, French Academie des Science, Evolution of Living Organisms Academic Press, New York p. 88 x Spoken to the American Museum of Natural History, November 5, 1981 xi “How Radiation Changes the Genetic Constitution”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 11, No. 9, (Nov. 1955) pg. 331 xii “A Non-Genetic Look at Evolution; American Scientists, Vol 41, No. 1 (January 1953) pp. 100,103 xiii Evolution; (London: British Museum of Natural History, 1978) pg. 142 xiv Darwin, C., 1872. Origin of Species, Sixth Edition. Senate, London, ch. 6 xv Origin of Species pp. 281-282 xvi Evolution Patterson 88–90 xvii Journal of Geophysical Research, July 15 1968 xviii Thomas Barnes in William J.J. Glashouwer and Paul S. Taylor writers, The Earth, A Young Planet? xix “Time and Earth”, American Scientist, (No. 4, 1969) p. 462 xx Growing Doubts: Is Evolution Theory Valid?”, Christianity Today, Vol. VI, Sept. 14, 1962) p. 4 xxi See Genesis 6-8 xxii Howell, F. Clark. Early Man. Time Life Inc. New York NY. 1965. xxiii The Weekend Australian (May 7-8, 1983) p. 3 xxiv www.plesiosaur.com xxv Beyond the Ivory Tower (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1970) p. 78 xxvi Hank Hanegraaff, The Face That Demonstrates The Farce Of Evolution, [Word Publishing, Nashville, 1998], pp.50-52 xxvii www.talkorigins.org xxviii Nature, 1950, p165, New Evidence on the Antiquity of Piltdown Man xxix The Natural History of Man (NY: Universe Books, 1971) p. 33 xxx Teilhardism and the New Religion: A Thorough Analysis of the Teachings of Pierre Teilhardism (Tan Books & Publishers, Inc., 1988) p. 8 xxxi Darwin, Charles, Encyclopedia Britannica, 1977 xxxii Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth (London: Croom Helmm 1987) p. 422

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