DOCSLIB.ORG

An Assessment of Resource Potentials for Sustainable Development of Micro-Watershed in Tirunelveli District Using Geoinformatics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Assessment of Resource Potentials for Sustainable Development of Micro-Watershed in Tirunelveli District Using Geoinformatics Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Aquatic Procedia 4 ( 2015 ) 1299 – 1306 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER RESOURCES, COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING (ICWRCOE 2015) An Assessment of Resource Potentials For Sustainable Development of Micro-Watershed In Tirunelveli District Using Geoinformatics– A Case Of Nambiyar Micro-Watershed In Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. Narmada. K*a, Gobinath. Ka,G.Bhaskarana aDepartment Of Geography, University Of Madras,Chennai - 600005, India Abstract Micro-watershed level planning requires a host of interrelated information to be generated and studied in relation to each other. An attempt has been made to assess the resource potential of Nambiar Watershed by the integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques to identify and evaluate the land quality and water resources. Different thematic maps have been prepared with the aid of visual interpretation keys, using IRS P6, LISS IV data and SOI topographical maps and relevant secondary data. Land and water resources are assessed individually integrating information derived from the remote sensing satellite data. By combining both land resources with water resources using the GIS techniques, a composite map on the Resource Potential Zones (RPZ) were created.The integrated resource analysis has proved to be efficient in categorizing the watershed as excellent to poor based on the weightage given and the suitability of the land parcels for a particular land use was assessed. The present study helps in the strategic management of water, agriculture, forest and other natural resources for the sustainable development of the Nambiar watershed that runs across Nanguneri Taluk in Tirunelveli district in TamilNadu state in India. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (©http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.). Peer-review-review under under responsibility responsibility of organizing of organizing committee committee of ICWRCOE of ICWRCOE 2015 2015. Keywords:Watershed; Remote sensing; GIS; Resource Potential. * Corresponding author. Tel.:+91-044-25399663; fax: +91-044-25391594. E-mail address:[email protected], [email protected] 2214-241X © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of ICWRCOE 2015 doi: 10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.169 1300 K. Narmada et al. / Aquatic Procedia 4 ( 2015 ) 1299 – 1306 1. Introduction The pressures on the land have immensely increased over years due to increase in population and by man’s greed for livelihood. Hence it is very much important to understand the consequences of anthropogenic activities and to come out with appropriate strategies to counteract these detrimental effects to keep a balance of the environment at micro watershed level. Micro-watershed level planning requires a host of inter-related information to be generated and studied in relation to each other. With the increasing population, industries and commercial activities, the land utilization pattern has changed over a period of time and the pressure on the water resources is increasing and per capita availability of water resources is reducing day by day, it has become an important and dependable source of water supplies in all climatic regions including both urban and rural areas of developed and developing countries. Of the 37Mkm3of freshwater estimated to be present on the earth, about 22% exists as groundwater, which constitutes about 97% of all liquid freshwater potentially available for human use. (Foster, 1998). In practice, it is essential to understand the cumulative effects and their influence on land utilization. (Doughlas, 1994). In India, more than 90% of the rural and nearly 30% of the urban population depend on groundwater for meeting their drinking and domestic requirements.(BasavrajHutti and Nijagunappa, 2011) (Reddy et al., 1996) The quality of surface water is deteriorating because of increasing pollutant loads from point and non-point sources. Geo informatics technology, with its advantage of spatial, spectral and temporal availability of data coverage large and inaccessible areas within a short time, has emerged as a very useful tool for the assessment, monitoring and management of resources.(Jha et al., 2007) The hydro-geologic interpretation of satellite data has been shown to be a valuable survey tool in areas of the world where little geologic and cartographic information exists or is not accurate, as well as inaccessible regions of the world (Engman and Gurney, 1991) as remote sensors cannot detect groundwater directly, the presence of groundwater is inferred from different surface features derived from satellite imagery such as geology, landforms, soils, land use / land cover, surface water bodies, etc., which act as indicators of groundwater existence(Todd, 1980; Jha and Peiffer, 2006)(Reddy, 1996). Geoinformatics use in the natural resource management has proved to be an indispensable management and decision making tool which can ensure optimum use of the resources and help in devising systems for judicious resource use and management practices. Therefore Geoinformatics applications has been used in the present study to analyze the land degradations problems and to give alternative optimum land use at micro level.(Bhaskaran, 2001) Various layers like land use and Land cover, Geomorphology, Slope, relief have been generated and integrated to generate an action plan for optimum land utilization. 2. Study area The Nambiyar River is located in the Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu. Tirunelveli district is located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu and surrounded by Virudhunagar District on the North, Western Ghats on the West, Kanyakumari District in the South and Tuticorin District in the East. This District is having three Revenue Divisions comprising of 11 Taluks, 19 Development Blocks, 628 Revenue Villages and 425 Village Panchayats. The district is a part of the composite east flowing river basin, between Vaippar and Nambiyar as per the Irrigation Atlas of India.(District Groundwater Brochure, 2009) Tambarabarani, Vaipar and Nambiar are the important Sub-basins. The NambiyarRiver is the water source to the Nanguneri taluk. It takes its origin in the western slopes of the Western Ghats - 8 km. west of Thirukurungudi village at an altitude of 1500 m. above MSL. It runs eastwards and turns south east and confluences in the Gulf of Mannarat Tiruvambalapuram village. Its course of 45km is restricted entirely to Nanguneri taluk. The river has two tributaries, the Parattaiyar and the Thamaraiyar. The first tributary is a stream from Mahendragiri hills and the second tributary originates from the combination of two hill streams, Mombaiyar and Kodumudiyar. These tributaries join Nambiyar at the foot of the Mahendragiri hills. The river has nine anaicuts, Mailaimanianaicut,Dhalavaipuramanaicut,Rajakkamangalamanaicut,Mylapuramanaicut,Kannanthuranaicut,Vijayan anaicut,Kovankulamanaicut,Thittikulamanaicut, and Pulimangulamanaicut.The total area of the watershed taken for the study is around 80480 hec. K. Narmada et al. / Aquatic Procedia 4 ( 2015 ) 1299 – 1306 1301 Fig 2: Nambiyar Watershed Fig 1: Study area, Nambiyar Watershed 2.1 Geomorphylogy and soil types 2.1.1 Geomorphology Tirunelveli district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the West. A major part of the district constitutes a plain terrain with a gentle slope toward East and Southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west. The general elevation of the area varies from less than 10 to 1408 m above mean sea level (Tulukkaparai hill range). The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are Structural Hill, Bazada Zone, Valley Fill, Flood Plain, Pediment, Shallow buried pediment, Deep buried pediment and Coastal Plain. 2.1.2 Soils Soils in the area have been classified into i) Deep Red soil ii). Red Sandy Soil. iii) Block Cotton Soil. iv)Saline Coastal Alluvium, and v) River Alluvium. Major partsof the area are covered by Deep Red soil and are found in Sivakasi, Tenkasi, Senkottai and Sankarankoil blocks and it is suitable for cultivating coconut and palmyrah trees. Red sandy soil also in reddish yellow in colour and are found in Nanguneri, Ambasamudram, and Radhapuram blocks and it is suitable for cultivating groundnut, millets and pulses etc., The Block Cotton Soil is found in Tirunelveli, Palayankottai and Sankarankoil blocks, and it is suitable for cultivating Paddy, Ragi, and Cholam etc., The Saline Coastal Alluvium are dark grey to deep brown in colour and spread over the Nanguneri and Radhapuram blocks. The River alluvial soils occur along the river courses of Tamrabarani and ChittarRiver covering in the blocks Tirunelveli and Palayankottai and it is suitable for cultivating Groundnut, Chillies and Cumbu. 2.2 Drainage Thamarabarani, Nambiyar, Chittar and Karamaniar are the important rivers draining the district. Tamarabarani originating from Papanasam flows thorough the district. The Nambiyar river originates in the eastern slopes of the Western ghats near Nellikalmottai about 9.6 km west of Tirukkurugundi village at an altitude of about 1060 m amsl At the foot of the hills, the river is divided into two arms. The main arm is joined by Tamarabarani at the foothills.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eco-Hydrology and Chemical Pollution of Western Ghats
    Eco-hydrology and Chemical Pollution of Western Ghats Dr.Mathew Koshy M..Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. Reader and Research Guide in Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara.Kerala Eco-hydrology Eco-hydrology is a new integrative science that involves finding solutions to issues surrounding water, people, and the environment. One of the fundamental concepts involved in eco-hydrology is that the timing and availability of freshwater is intimately linked to ecosystem processes, and the goods and services provided by fresh waters to societies. This means that emphasis is placed on the hydrological cycle and its effects on ecological processes and human well-being. Limnology Limnology is the science that deals with the physical, chemical and biological properties and features of fresh waters. A professional who studies fresh water systems is a limnologist. Lotic System: The lotic environment is consisting of all inland waters in which entire water body continually flows in a definite direction. etc. rivers streams. Lentic system: The lentic environment has been including all inland waters in which water has been not continually flowing in a definite direction. Standing waters Western Ghats The Western Ghats hill range extends along the west coast of India, covering an area of 160,000 square kilometers. The presence of these hills creates major precipitation gradients that strongly influence regional climate, hydrology and the distribution of vegetation types and endemic plants. Biodiversity Although the total area is less than 6 percent of the land area of India, the Western Ghats contains more than 30 percent of all plant, fish, fauna, bird, and mammal species found in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Government Orders Relating to Environment and Pollution Control
    COMPENDIUM OF GOVERNMENT ORDERS RELATING TO ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL 2006 GOVERNMENT ORDERS INDEX Sl. G.O. Page Date Dept. Description No. Number No. I. Constitution of TNPCB Acts - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974 - 1 340 19.2.1982 H & FW 1 Constitution of a Board under section 4 of the Act - Orders - Issued. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – Merger of the Department of Environmental 2 2346 30.11.1982 H & FW Hygiene with the Tamil Nadu 4 Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Board - Transfer of Staff - Orders – Issued. Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board - Appointment of a Members under 3 471 10.7.1990 E & F section 4(2) of the Water (Prevention 7 and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – Notification - Issued. Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board - Appointment of a Member under 4 226 29.7.1993 E & F section 4(2) of the Water (Prevention 12 and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – Notification - Issued. II. Water Pollution Control _ØÖ¨¦Óa `ÇÀ Pmk¨£õk & Põ¶ BÖ }º ©õ_£kuÀ & uk¨¦ 5 1 6.2.1984 _` 16 {hÁiUøPPÒ & Bøn ÁÇ[P¨£kQÓx. Environmental Control - Control of pollution of Water Sources - Location 6 213 30.3.1989 E & F 19 of industries dams etc. Imposition of restrictions - Orders – Issued. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 as amended in 1991 - Collection of 7 164 22.4.1992 E & F Water Cess from Local Bodies under 30 the Act - Prompt payment of water cess to the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board – Orders - Issued.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Works Department Irrigation
    PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT IRRIGATION Demand No - 40 N.T.P. SUPPLIED BY THE DEPARTMENT PRINTED AT GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, CHENNAI - 600 079. POLICY NOTE 2015 - 2016 O. PANNEERSELVAM MINISTER FOR FINANCE AND PUBLIC WORKS © Government of Tamil Nadu 2015 INDEX Sl. No. Subject Page 3.4. Dam Rehabilitation and 41 Sl. No. Subject Page Improvement Project 1.0. 1 (DRIP) 1.1.Introduction 1 4.0. Achievements on 45 Irrigation Infrastructure 1.2. 2 During Last Four Years 1.3. Surface Water Potential 4 4.1. Inter-Linking of Rivers in 54 1.4. Ground Water Potential 5 the State 1.5. Organisation 5 4.2. Artificial Recharge 63 Arrangement Structures 2.0. Historic Achievements 24 4.3. New Anicuts and 72 3.0. Memorable 27 Regulators Achievements 4.4. Formation of New Tanks 74 3.1. Schemes inaugurated by 27 / Ponds the Hon’ble Chief 4.5. Formation of New 76 Minister through video Canals / Supply conferencing on Channels 08.06.2015 4.6. Formation of New Check 81 3.2. Tamil Nadu Water 31 dams / Bed dams / Resources Consolidation Grade walls Project (TNWRCP) 4.7. Rehabilitation of Anicuts 104 3.3. Irrigated Agriculture 40 4.8. Rehabilitation of 113 Modernisation and Regulators Water-bodies Restoration and 4.9. Rehabilitation of canals 119 Management and supply channels (IAMWARM) Project Sl. No. Subject Page Sl. No. Subject Page 4.10. Renovation of Tanks 131 5.0. Road Map for Vision 200 4.11. Flood Protection Works 144 2023 4.12. Coastal Protection 153 5.1. Vision Document for 201 Works Tamil Nadu 2023 4.13.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure-District Survey Report
    TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT PROFILE Tirunelveli district is bounded by Virudhunagar district in the north, Thoothukudi district in the east, in the south by Gulf of Mannar and by Kerala State in the west and Kanniyakumari in the southwest. The District lies between 08º08'09’’N to 09º24'30’’N Latitude, 77º08'30’’E to 77º58'30’’E Longitude and has an areal extent of 6810 sq.km. There are 19 Blocks, 425 Villages and 2579 Habitations in the District. District Map of Tirunelveli District Google Map of Tirunelveli District Administrative Details Tirunelveli district is divided into 9 taluks. The taluks are further divided into 19 blocks, which further divided into 586 villages. Basin and sub-basin The district is part of the composite east flowing river basin,“ Between Vaippar and Nambiar ” as per the Irrigation Atlas of India. Tambarabarani, Vaipar and Nambiar are the important Sub-basins. Drainage Thamarabarani, Nambiar, Chittar and Karamaniar are the important rivers draining the district. amarabarani originating from Papanasam flows thorough the district.The Nambiyar river originates in the eastern slopes of the Western ghats near Nellikalmottai about 9.6 km west of Tirukkurugundi village at an altitude of about 1060 m amsl At the foot of the hills, the river is divided into two arms. The main arm is joined by Tamarabarani at the foothills. Chittar originates near Courtallam and flows through Tenkasi and confluences with Tamarabarani. The hilly terrains have resulted in number of falls in the district. There are three major falls in ManimuttarReservoir catchments area and there are few falls in the Tamarabarani river also.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation Projects of Tamil Nadu from 2001-2021
    IRRIGATION PROJECTS OF TAMIL NADU FROM 2001-2021 NAME – VRINDA GUPTA INSTITUTION – K.R. MANGALAM UNIVERSITY 1 ABSTRACT From the ancient times water is always most important for agriculture purpose for growing crops. Since thousand years, humans have relied on agriculture to feed their communities and they have needed irrigation to water their crops. Irrigation includes artificially applying water to the land to enhance the growing of crops. Over the years, irrigation has come in many different forms in countries all over the world. Irrigation projects involves hydraulic structures which collect, convey and deliver water to those areas on which crops are grown. Irrigation projects unit may starts from a small farm unit to those serving extensive areas of millions of hectares. Irrigation projects consist of two types first a small irrigation project and second a large irrigation project. Small irrigation project includes a low diversion or an inexpensive pumping plant along with small channels and some minor control structures. Large irrigation project includes a huge dam, a large storage reservoir, hundreds kilometers of canals, branches and distributaries, control structures and other works. In this paper we discussing about irrigation plan of Tamil Nadu from 2001-2021. INTRODUCTION Water is the important or elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to humans and millions of other species living on the earth. It is hard to find in most part of the world. 4% of India’s land area in Tamil Nadu and inhabited by 6% of India’s population but water resources in India is only 2.5%. In Tamil Nadu, water is a serious limiting factor for agriculture growth which leads to irrigation reduces risk in farming, increases crop productivity, provides higher employment opportunities to the rural areas and increases farmer income.
    [Show full text]
  • Narrative Notes on Plan Programmes Tam-N
    y » I ; ^ t O M i T*' NARRATIVE NOTES ON PLAN PROGRAMMES ANNUAL PLAN 2000-01 STATE PLANNING COMMISSION CHENNAI - 600 005 - 5 * 4 8 2 3 0 < » - 2 5 - TAM-N AUGUST 2000 NARRATIVE NOTES ON PLAN PROGRAMMES 2000-01 NIEPA DC D11079 ' xA^\Q§ i , , .‘♦1 Zi. i-I. Mr:,-, ' 3 )-u o 79 V ^ ' ' Z4* - o 4"* Zc © I CONTENTS Page 1. Crop Husbandry 1 2. Research and Education 25 3. Food, Storage & WareHousing 30 4. Soil & Water Conservation 35 5. Animal Husbandry 41 6. Dairy Developnnent 50 7. Fisheries 53 8. Forests 61 9. Investment in Agri.Financial Institutions 69 10. Co-operation 71 11. Special Programme for Rural Development 75 12. Land Reforms 79 13. Community Development 80 14. Minor Irrigation 83 15. Command Area Development 88 16. Major, Medium Irrigation & Flood Control 90 17. Power Development 103 18. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy 111 19. Industries- Medium and Large 114 20. Village and Small Industries 130 21. Weights and Measures 142 22. Mining and Metallurgical Industries 143 23. Roads and Bridges 145 24. Road and Inland Water Transport 156 25. Scientific Services and Research 158 26. Ecology and Environment 163 27. Secretariat Economic Services 166 28. Tourism 171 29. Economic Advice and Statistics 175 30. Civil Supplies 179 31. General Education 184 CONTENTS—conf. Pagee 32. Technical Education 1988 33. Art and Culture 2011 34. Sports and Youth Services 207)7 35. Medical 21C0 36. Public Health 2188 37. Water Supply and Sanitation 2332 38. Housing 24ft6 39. Urban Development 2551 40. Information and Publicity 2558 41.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Works Department
    1 Public Works Department Irrigations and Buildings Policy Note 2003-2004 Demand No. 38 INDEX Sl.No. Subject Introduction 1. Irrigation 2. State Plan schemes (Medium and Minor Irrigation) 3. Tamilnadu Water Resources Consolidation Project 4. Rehabilitation of 620 MI Tanks in Palar, Tambaraparani and Vaigai Basins under Water Resources Consolidation Project 5. Modernisation and Irrigation Management of MI Tanks in Tamilnadu with Loan Assistance of NABARD. 6. Anti-Sea Erosion Works 7. Integrated Tribal Development Programme 8. Hill Area Development Programme 9. Western Ghat Development Programme 10. Desilting and Rehabilitation of tanks and channels in Tamilnadu 11. Modernisation of Cauvery Delta 12. Cauvery Water Dispute 13. Krishna Water Supply Project 14. New Veeranam Project 15. Parambikulam Aliyar Project (Renewal of Agreement) 16. Pandiyar Punnampuzha Project 17. Peninsular Rivers Development Component of National Perspective Plan Mahanadhi - Godhavari - Krishna Pennar - Cauvery - Vaigai - Gundar Links. 18. State Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centre 19. Dam Safety Assurance and Rehabilitation Project 20. Chennai City Water Ways 21. Irrigation Management Training Institute 22. Institute for Water Studies 23. Tamil Nadu Boiler Inspectorate 24. Buildings Organisation 2 INTRODUCTION I have great pleasure in presenting before this august House the Demand under “Irrigation and Buildings” of the Public Works Department, which is one of the oldest and prestigious Departments of the Government of Tamil Nadu. Public Works Department is in charge of formulating and implementing Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation Schemes, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation Systems and Construction and Maintenance of Buildings for State Government Departments and Agencies. The Public Works Department has been reorganized to have two wings, viz.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr.AG Murugesan
    Dr.A.G. Murugesan PhD FNABS FAZ FAEB FASc AW FST FSESc TANSA Professor and Head i) Research Interests Environmental Pollution and Mitigation, Bioremediation, Water Resources Management, Environmental Impact Assessment, Biomonitoring of river pollution, Use and throw plastic Eradication, Bioenergy, Biopolymer (PHB) and Ethanol Production from Industrial Wastes and Aquatic weeds, Hydrogen generation from Agrowastes, Solid Waste Management, Biocontrol of Water hyacinth, studies on flora and fauna in Industrial areas. ii) Government Awards National award for Innovation in Polymeric Material from Natural Resource by Ministry of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Govt. of India (2015-16) TANSA Award - 2004 for Environment – by Higher Education Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. Environmental Protection Award - 2003 - 2004 – by Department of Environment, Government of Tamil Nadu. Academic Excellence Award – 2008 by M. S. University iii) Prestigious Other Awards Shri P.K.Das Best Faculty and Life Time Achievement Award – 2011 by Nehru Group of Institutions Rotary – Green Ambassador Award 2012 iv) Other Awards Best Environmental Scientist Award by Rotary International. Distinguished Environmental Scientist Award – TNUN Trust, Chennai Mahakavi Bharathiar Best Teacher Award by the Bharathiar International Service Trust. NMS Centenary Science Achievement Award Best Toxicologist Award by Federation of South Indian Traditional Medical Practitioners. Alumni Achiever Award (2004) - SPK College. Vocational Excellence Award (Rotary International) - 2005. Best Alumini Achiever Award (2005) - St. Xavier’s College. Best Research Paper Presentation Award (TNSC). Alumini Achiever Award (2015) - SPK College. CONFERENCES / WORKSHOPS – Organized Workshop on Biological Control of Water Hyacinth, Tirunelveli- May 2002 Workshop on Traditional Medicine, Tirunelveli- Aug. 2002. Seminar on Conservation of Water Resources, Thirumalayappapuram- Dec. 2002. Workshop on Production of Organic manure, Alwarkurichi- Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Garra Palaruvica, a NEW CYPRINID FISH (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) from KERALA, WESTERN GHATS, PENINSULAR INDIA
    International Journal of Zoology Research ISSN : 2231-3516 & E-ISSN : 2231-3524, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2013, pp.-62-68. Available online at http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid=BPJ0000254 Garra palaruvica, A NEW CYPRINID FISH (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) FROM KERALA, WESTERN GHATS, PENINSULAR INDIA ARUNACHALAM M.1, RAJA M.1, NANDAGOPAL S.1 AND MAYDEN R.L.2* 1Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi- 627 412, TN, India. 2Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri- 63103, USA. *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: August 22, 2013; Accepted: October 21, 2013 Abstract- Garra palaruvica sp. nov., a new cyprinid fish, is described from the Palaruvi Falls, Kallada River basin near Thenmala in Kerala, India. It is distinguished from all other Indian species of the genus Garra by intermediate development of mental disc and central pad, long maxillary barbels and well exposed isthmus region. Other characters are compared and in diagnoses with closely and distantly related species. This new species, with the morphology of its mental disc, shows close similarities with species of Garra from Arabia and Ethiopia. Keywords- Freshwater fish, Kerala, Indian cyprinid, Garra palaruvica Citation: Arunachalam M., et al (2013) Garra palaruvica, A New Cyprinid Fish (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kerala, Western Ghats, Penin- sular India. International Journal of Zoology Research, ISSN : 2231-3516 & E-ISSN : 2231-3524, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp.-62-68. Copyright: Copyright©2013 Arunachalam M., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib- ution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credit- ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Agriculture in River Basins of Tamil Nadu in the Last Three Decades – a Total Factor Productivity Approach
    Performance of Agriculture in River Basins of Tamil Nadu In the last three Decades – A Total Factor Productivity Approach A Project Sponsored by Planning Commission, Government of India Research Team K.Palanisami C.R.Ranganathan A.Vidhyavathi Rajkumar.M N.Ajjan Final Report March 2011 Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore – 641 0013 1 Acknowledgement The authors express their sincere thanks to Planning Commission, Government of India for providing necessary financial support to carry out this study. The authors express their sincere thanks to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for providing necessary facility to carry out the research work. 2 CONTENTS Page S.No CHAPTER Topics No. 1 I 1. Executive Summary 1 2 II 2. Introduction 7 3 3. Objectives III 10 3.1. Review of Past Studies: TFP measures 4. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) IV 17 4 4.1. Input and output orientations 5. Profile of the Study Area: Tamil Nadu 5 5.1. Principal crops and production 5.2. Irrigation V 5.3. Problems facing Agriculture in the State 27 5.3.1. Land degradation and soil quality 5.3.2. Wastelands 5.3.3. Pollution 6 VI 6. Profile of River Basins of Tamil Nadu 35 7. Methodology 7 7.1. Estimation of basin areas and proportion of basin areas in each district of Tamil Nadu VII 7.2. Conversion of district-wise data to basin-wise 38 7.3. Estimation of Malmquist Index of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Agriculture 7.4. The Malmquist TFP Index 8 8. Basin coverage VIII 44 8.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation 107 Infrastructure
    Edappadi K. Palaniswami Chief Minister INDEX Sl. Subject Page No. 1.0. Introduction 1 1.1. Surface Water Potential 4 1.2. Ground Water Potential 4 1.3. Organisational Arrangement 5 2.0. Special Initiative Schemes 18 2.1. Revival of Kudimaramath 18 Works - Restoration of water bodies with participatory approach 2.2. Supplying silted up Clay, Silt, 23 Savudu & Gravel in Tanks, Reservoirs and other water bodies to the Public, Farmers and Potters. 2.3. Proposals for National Action 25 Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) under Green Climate Fund Sl. Subject Page No. 2.4. Removal of Seemai Karuvel 27 (Prosopis Juliflora) Trees in water bodies 2.5. Athikadavu - Avinashi Flood 30 Canal Scheme 3.0. Inter State Water Issues 33 3.1. Cauvery Water Dispute 33 3.2. Mullai Periyar Dam 69 3.3. Palar River Water Issue 83 3.4. Parambikulam Aliyar Project - 88 Review of Agreement 3.5. Neyyar 92 3.6. Repairs to Shenbagavalli 95 Anicut 3.7. Pennaiyar River 98 3.8. Inter Linking of Rivers 100 3.9. Pamba - Achankoil - Vaippar 104 Link Sl. Subject Page No. 4.0. Creation of New Irrigation 107 Infrastructure 4.1. State Funded Scheme 107 4.2. NABARD Assisted Scheme 112 5.0. Rehabilitation of Irrigation 121 Infrastructure and Systems 5.1. State Funded Scheme 121 5.2. NABARD Assisted Scheme 124 5.3. Centre-State Shared Schemes 130 and Centrally Sponsored Schemes 5.4. Externally Aided Projects 140 6.0. Disaster Management – 154 Drought Relief works for augmenting Ground Water Resources 6.1. Construction of sub-surface 154 dykes Sl.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamilnadu-Pwd-Past-Present.Pdf
    PREFACE We are so privileged to publish this valuable book titled “Tamilnadu PWD – Past & Present” authored by Er.K.Ramalingam, Former CE, TNPWD, Former President, Association of Engineers, TNPWD and presently the State President, Tamilnadu PWD Senior Engineers Associaiton as a Platinum Jubilee Publication of AOE, TNPWD. We are really fortunate to have I written by a Senior Stalwart of PWD and our Association. Infact it is a continuation of Er.C.S.Kuppuraj‘s book 150 years History of PWD, mainly supplementing and complementing the activities of TNPWD in the last 150 years – both before independence and also in the post independent period. It gives not only a detailed account of works implemented but also the engineers responsible for the execution. The data furnished relating to floodworks are very extensive and unique one carefully compiled in this treatise. The list of CEs of PWD from its inception 1857 to 2011 is included as a special addition, a reference for the present as well as for the future. We are thankful to Er.K.Ramalingam, who took lot of pains including proof correction at this age of 85 years. Er. N.Kailasapathy & Staff Er. AVA for their assistance. We convey our sincere thanks to Er. A.Mohanakrishnan, Former CE (I), PWD, Former Chairman CTC & Present Advisor - Water Resources (TN) for his valuable suggestions and correction of certain data and Thiru. S. Audiseshiah, IAS (Retd) Former Principal Secretary to Govt., PWD for their forewords adorning this book. We are grateful to Er. D.Arumugam, President & Er.P.Krishnamoorthy, General Secretary - Association of Engineers for their support and assistance.
    [Show full text]