Bantlin, Drew A. 2018.Reintroduction of African Lions to Akagera National Park, Rwanda
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Global Reintroduction Perspectives: 2018 Case studies from around the globe Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group (RSG) i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group & Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi Copyright: © 2018 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Soorae, P. S. (ed.) (2018). Global Reintroduction Perspectives: 2018. Case studies from around the globe. IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, UAE. xiv + 286pp. 6th Edition ISBN: 978-2-8317-1901-6 (PDF) 978-2-8317-1902-3 (print edition) DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.08.en Cover photo: Clockwise starting from top-left: I. Reticulated python, Singapore © ACRES II. Trout cod, Australia © Gunther Schmida (Murray-Darling Basin Authority) III. Yellow-spotted mountain newt, Iran © M. Sharifi IV. Scimitar-horned oryx, Chad © Justin Chuven V. Oregon silverspot butterfly, USA © U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service VI. Two-colored cymbidium orchid, Singapore © Tim Wing Yam VII. Mauritius fody, Mauritius © Jacques de Spéville Cover design & layout by: Pritpal S. Soorae, IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group Printed by: Arafah Printing Press LLC, Abu Dhabi, UAE Download at: www.iucnsscrsg.org www.iucn.org/resources/publications ii IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) The SSC is a science-based network of close to 8,000 volunteer experts from almost every country of the world, all working together towards achieving the vision of, “A world that values and conserves present levels of biodiversity.” Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) The EAD was established in 1996 to preserve Abu Dhabi’s natural heritage, protect our future, and raise awareness about environmental issues. EAD is Abu Dhabi’s environmental regulator and advises the government on environmental policy. It works to create sustainable communities, and protect and conserve wildlife and natural resources. EAD also works to ensure integrated and sustainable water resources management, and to ensure clean air and minimize climate change and its impacts. Turner Endangered Species Fund (TESF) The Turner Endangered Species Fund was established in 1997 to conserve biological diversity by ensuring the persistence of imperiled species and their habitats with an emphasis on private land. Our activities focus on reintroduction projects as requisite activities for restoring ecological communities and functional ecosystems. We are unique in our ability to bring private lands and private efforts to the forefront of conservation. We aim to use the best science to effectively conserve biodiversity and disseminate reliable scientific and policy information. We are determined to establish a new level of effectiveness for private-public efforts to redress the extinction crisis. Calgary Zoo The Calgary Zoo’s vision is to be Canada’s leader in wildlife conservation. In close alignment with IUCN, this vision is pursued through a mix of Canadian and global conservation initiatives regarding two strategic pillars: 1) conservation translocations, such as reintroductions, to avert species extinction and strengthen ecosystem function; and 2) community conservation to bring mutual and sustainable benefits for local livelihoods and biodiversity. The Calgary Zoo engages in collaborative partnerships around the world to develop the innovation and application of science-based solutions to achieve long-term benefits for conservation. Reintroduction Specialist Group (RSG) The RSG is a network of specialists whose aim is to combat the ongoing and massive loss of biodiversity by using reintroductions as a responsible tool for the management and restoration of biodiversity. It does this by actively developing and promoting sound inter-disciplinary scientific information, policy, and practice to establish viable wild populations in their natural habitats. iii iv CONTENTS Foreword from Shaikha Al Dhaheri, EAD ...................................................... vii Foreword from Axel Moehrenschlager, RSG ................................................ viii Foreword from Mike Philips, TESF ................................................................ ix Foreword from Jon Paul Rodriguez, SSC Chair ............................................ x Foreword from Simon Stuart, Synchronicity Earth ........................................ xi Overview and analysis of reintroduction case studies .................................. xii Invertebrates ................................................................................................ 1 Reintroduction of blister beetles, Sweden ...................................................... 1 Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly, Washington, USA ......................................... 7 Oregon silverspot butterfly, Oregon, USA ..................................................... 13 Black nerite aquatic snail in Hungary ............................................................ 18 Staghorn coral in Florida Keys, USA ............................................................. 23 Coral restoration in Hawaii, USA ................................................................... 30 Fishes ........................................................................................................... 34 Running River rainbowfish in Deception and Puzzle creeks, Australia ......... 34 Tequila splitfin in the springs of Teuchitlán, Jalisco, Mexico ......................... 38 Three-spined stickleback in California, USA ................................................. 43 Trout cod in SE Australia ............................................................................... 48 Amphibians .................................................................................................. 53 Yellow-spotted mountain newt in Iran ........................................................... 53 Chinese giant salamander, China ................................................................. 58 Pool frog, UK ................................................................................................. 64 Reptiles ......................................................................................................... 69 Spiny-tailed lizard in the UAE ........................................................................ 69 Telfair’s skink to Gunner’s Quoin, Mauritius .................................................. 73 Reticulated pythons in Singapore .................................................................. 78 Gharial in the Ghandak River, India .............................................................. 82 Aldabra giant tortoise to Ile aux Aigrettes, Mauritius ..................................... 87 Birds .............................................................................................................. 92 Osprey to Switzerland ................................................................................... 92 Scarlet macaws to Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México ........................................ 96 Laysan and black-footed albatrosses in Hawaii, USA ................................... 100 Mauritius fody to Ile Aux Aigrettes, Mauritius ................................................ 106 Rimatara lorikeets to Atiu Island, Cook Islands ............................................. 110 North Island kākā to Wellington, New Zealand ............................................. 115 v Mammals ...................................................................................................... 120 Addax to Djebil National Park, Tunisia .......................................................... 120 South Andean huemul & guanaco in the Huilo Huilo Chilean Private Reserve, Chile ............................................................................................... 125 Guanaco reintroduction in the upper belt of central Argentina ...................... 130 Goral in Thailand ........................................................................................... 135 Roe deer reintroduction in central Portugal ................................................... 139 Farasan mountain gazelle on Farasan Islands, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia ...... 144 Black rhinoceros in the Sera Community Rhino Sanctuary, Kenya .............. 150 Tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India ............................................... 155 Greater one-horned rhinoceros into Manas National Park, India .................. 160 Scimitar-horned oryx, Ouadi Rime-Ouadi Achim Game Reserve, Chad ...... 165 Asian elephants in Sri Lanka ......................................................................... 170 Asian elephants in Thailand .......................................................................... 174 African