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Diary of Lieutenant–General Adam Williamson, 1722–1747

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Diary of Lieutenant–General Adam Williamson, 1722–1747 DIARY OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL ADAM WILLIAMSON, 1722-1747.1 TOWER OF LONDON, 1722. COMMITMENTS AND ORDERS ETC. A. WILLIAMSON, DEPTY LIEUT.; WITH SOME RE- MARKABLE PASSAGES RELATING TO HIS OWNE AFFAIRS AS WELL AS TO THE TOWER. Col1. Adam Williamson who had serv'd in the army from the year 1702 as Lieu*., Captn., Col1, in the 3rd Regim*. of foot Gards, during which Service he had the honour to be Ayd de Camp to L*. Gener1. Meredyth and afterward from the happy coming in of King George, to be ayd de camp to Lord Cadogan til he was promoted to the Post of Adjutant Gener1. of England, from which Post he Voluntarily accepted of the Post of Deputy Lieu*, of the Tower w011 his Majesty was pleas'd to make choice of him for, at a time when the Wicked Bishop of Rochester2 had with others Layd a dangerous Scheme for bringing in a Popish bigotted Pretend1, and for which he was more than Justly banishd for life.3 Commission for Deputy Lieu*, bares date 8ber. y* 29th. 1722. 1 The contents of pp. 25-33 following, are taken from the outer leaves of the MS. The Diary proper begins at p. 34. * Bishop Atterbury. See note, Appendix, p. 141, infra. 3 It appears from the evidence at the trials of Atterbury, Kelly and Plunket, that the first object of the conspirators was to seize the Tower and obtain a supply of arms (State Trials). 26 GENERAL WILLIAMSON'S DIARY The Constable Lord Carlisle was pleasd to give me Leave to live in his house on the Parade,1 which I furnishd handsomly and at great expence. Was made Justice of the Peace for the Tower Libertys,2 Midx., Westminster, Surray, Kent, Essex, Berks, Wilts, and Hampshire. Put up the brass Stoves and Marble in the great parlour and Little Dyning room at my owne expence and the great grate and Irons in the Stone Kitchin. In the year 1723 I planted the three Pear and the 3 Vine trees against the South side of the Constables house. An 1728 I fixd four brass candlesticks on the Piew I allwais sat in, which in the absence of the L*. belongs to me as his Deputy, it, and the next to it, having been erected at the Sole charge of Sr John Robinson Lieu* of the Tower.3 1 The Constable's house on the parade is now known as ' The King's House,' its earliest name, and is occupied by the Major of the Tower as Resident Governor. On the accompanying plan of 1681-9 it is called " The Lieu- tenant's Lodgings." There was formerly a garden on the north side of the house, extending over part of the parade. The Bell Tower, to which access is gained through the King's House, was at one time used as prisoners' lodgings, but whether it was so used in Williamson's time does not appear. The wooden turret on this tower contained the alarm bell of the garrison. 2 The Liberty of the Tower included the site of the fortification and the wharf on the south side, together with strips of ground on the lower east and west sides and a space, including Tower Hill and Little Tower Hill, to the north-west, north and north-east, with some outlying grounds. The exact boundaries are given by Bayley, History of the Tower, II, App. cxviii. The Liberty included the Precinct within the walls or ' the Tower within,' and the Precinct outside the walls, or ' The Tower Without' (see entry in the Diary March 18, 1728—9); and see note " The Tower Court and Liberty," Appendix, p. 161, infra. 3 Pepys speaks of attending service in the Tower Chapel (St. Peter-ad- Vincula), in company with Sir John Robinson, and evidently refers to the pew mentioned by Williamson: " Lord's Day, February 28, 1663-4. The Lieutenant of the Tower, Sir J. Robinson, would needs have me by coach home with him where the officers of his regiment dined with him. After dinner, to Chapel in the Tower with the Lieutenant, with the keys carried before us and the warders and gentlemen-porters going before us; and I sat with the Lieutenant in his pew in great state." (Pepys' Diary, ed. Lord Braybrooke, ii, 23). Sir John Robinson, Bart., was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower in June, 1660, and held the post until 1679 (see Bayley, History of the Tower, Part II, Appendix, lxxxviii, lxxxix). He was Lord Mayor of London 1662-3, and died in 1680 (G.E.C., Complete Baronetage, iii, 52). He is generally included in the list of Constables of the Tower, but he never held that office. GENERAL WILLIAMSON'S DIARY 27 In the same year in 8ber. I planted four Vines in the wall of the round Tower behind the Servants house of office, but for want of carefull watering they died. 8her. 1729 I planted four more in the same places and they grew, being carefully waterd. March. I had the four Pear trees ingrafted with Large Winter Pears and bon critiens, the fruit they had boren having been small, rough and ill tasted, one onely took, the rest I took up 1731 and planted 3 others in their places. gber, ye 20_ 1730. I planted in the Ditch behinde the Bridge seven young Elder trees in order to have berrys for making wine, which by long experi- ence I found wholsom.1 Feby 1 Took a Stable on the east side of Tower Hill near St. Catherins2 gave 6 £ pr an, but hope one day a Stable may be built for the use of the Constable, or those commanding in his absence. N.B. The Constable had formerly a Stable in the Tower but for fear of fire it was removed, and none built since for him. Orders for Close Prisoners as I found em at My first comeing to the employment of Deputy Lieu*. 1722. 1. That no message be carryd to the Prisoners but by the gentle- man Gaoler. 2. That the Centinells posted on a Prisoner suffer none to come within their posts or to go in to the Prisoners house but the Propper Officers of the Tower. 1 There are further entries in the Diary as to planting under the dates November 17, 1729; January 14, 1731-2; and January 10, 1734-5. The Con- stable's Lodge, against which the pear trees were planted, was the house in which Williamson lived. The round tower, against which the vines were planted, was no doubt the Bell Tower, adjoining the house. The Ditch behind the bridge where the elders were planted was probably part of the Tower Ditch by the drawbridge, which connected the Byward Tower with the wharf (see Frontispiece). Perhaps part of the Ditch under the wall was dry enough for planting. 2 St. Catherine's Hospital was just outside the Tower, on the south-east. It was removed to Regent's Park in 1825. 28 GENERAL WILLIAMSON'S DIARY 3. That the Warders whose the Prisoners are suffer no person or persons to come within that house but the family that belongs to it and the Propper Officers of the Tower. 4. The Warder appointed to keep a close Prisoner shall not pre- sume to Leave him for a moment alone either by night or day, or to change their Duty with other Warders, but by particular Leave of the Governour or his Deputy in his absence. 5. No Cloths neither Linnen or Wollen or any other thing what- soever belonging to a Prisoner shall be carryd out or brought in, till examind by the Warders in the Presence of the Gentleman Gaoler. 6. The Warder must not suffer the Prisoner to walk in any other appartment of the house or to come out of his room, and if any other person or persons shall attempt speaking to the Prisoner either at the Window or any other way the Warder shall immediatly call the guard to apprehend such Person of Persons, untill further order from the Governour. 7. If the Gentleman Gaoler shall neglect to see the Prisoners either when he locks up at night or when he unlocks in a morning, the Warders shall be obliged to make a raport of such Neglect to the Governour or his Deputy. 8. The Warders therefore or the Gentleman Gaoler are every night and morning to examin all parts of a Prisoners room, to see that no alteration be made in the windows or doors, as Locks or bolts within side or barrs forced or walls broke downe or anything else attempted that might favour his escape, or look like a cores- pondance abroad, of all which they shall immediatly give notice to the govern1, or in his absence to the Deputy.1 My orders since I received my Commission as Deputy Lieu*. Xber the 25.172!. [1722] 1. Suspecting the Gentleman Gaoler I ordered [That a warder allwais attends the Gaoler when he goes to a Prisoner and that he 1 The Gentleman Gaoler was the chief warder, and held his post by warrant of the Constable. His duty was the locking up and charge of prisoners, and to carry the axe before such of them as were sent for trial, to and from the court, the edge turned from them before conviction, and towards them after conviction. (Bayley, History of the Tower, 668; Trial of Lords Kilmarnock, etc.; Howell's State Trials, xviii, 458, see, also, p.
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