CROATIA

The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC

TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS

including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenic microbiological agents.

IN 2013

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Country: Croatia Reporting Year: 2013

Laboratory name Description Contribution

Preparation of national report, monitoring programs and control plans. Implementation and co-ordination of The Ministry of Agriculture is the central official controls (performed by veterinary competent authority responsible for food Ministry of Agriculture inspectors). and feed safety, hygiene and quality as (MA), Veterinary and Food Sampling, collecting and reporting data well as for animal health and animal Safety Directorate (VFSD) concerning notifiable zoonoses in welfare. animals, food of animal origin and feed. Contact point for European Commission in accordance with Article 3 of Regulation 2003/99/EC.

Preparation of national report, The Ministry of Health is the competent monitoring programs and inspection authority responsible for preservation plans. Implementation and co- and improvement of human health, early ordination of official inspections recognition of risks from illness and (performed by sanitary inspectors) of Ministry of Health (MH), illness prevention, treatment and food of non-animal origin, composite Directorate for Sanitary rehabilitation of patients, and promotion food and food of animal origin at the Inspection (DSI) of healthy life styles. retail level (with the exception of establishments approved by the MA). Sampling, collecting and reporting data concerning notifiable zoonoses in foodstuffs.

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Laboratory name Description Contribution

Research, diagnostic and analytical institute primarily engaged in the diagnostics of infectious and parasitic animal diseases, analysis of food of Laboratory testing, collecting and animal origin and animal feed, control of reporting data concerning notifiable Croatian Veterinary veterinary medicinal products and zoonoses, zoonotic agents and Institute (CVI) scientific research. Provides laboratory antimicrobial resistance in animals, food services for animal health programs, of animal origin and feed. official controls of animal health, food of animal origin and feed.

Central national public health institution, acting within the national health care system, coordinated by the Ministry of Laboratory testing, collecting and Health. Its task is to ensure the health of reporting data concerning notifiable Croatian National Institute inhabitants and others occurring within zoonoses and zoonotic agents in of Public Health (CNIPH) the Republic of Croatia, by monitoring, foodstuffs. preventing and controlling communicable and other, non−communicable and chronic mass diseases.

National institute's service that coordinates all epidemiology services in Croatian National Institute the country. It protects the population of Public Health - from infectious diseases by surveillance Provides data on foodborne outbreaks. Epidemiology Service and monitoring, outbreak investigation and protu-epidemic measures, scientific advisory service.

Performs laboratory analyses for animal health programmes and official control purposes in the veterinary field. The Laboratory testing and collecting data on Faculty of Veterinary FVM is designated to provide official zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Medicine (FVM) controls in the veterinary field for: animals. Leptospirosis, Equine infectious anaemia, Equine viral arteritis, Trichinella and Avian Chlamydiosis.

Public Health Institution for the City of Zagreb with the authority for analytical Laboratory testing, collecting data Institute of Public Health activity issued by the Ministry of Health concerning zoonotic agents in „Dr. Andrija Štampar“ and the authority of the Ministry of foodstuffs. Agriculture.

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Laboratory name Description Contribution

The Croatian Food Agency is a government-appointed authority within the portfolio of the Croatian Food Agency MA. The CFA is independent and Co-ordination of reporting. (CFA) provides scientific and technical support for legislation and any topic which has a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety.

Croatia - 2013

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

PREFACE This report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Croatia during the year 2013 . The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that is published each year by EFSA.

* Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, 17.11.2003, p. 31

Croatia - 2013

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses List of Contents

1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 1 2 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 4 2.1 SALMONELLOSIS 5 2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 5 2.1.2 Salmonella in foodstuffs 5 2.1.3 Salmonella in animals 9 2.1.4 Salmonella in feedingstuffs 14 2.1.5 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 18 2.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 74 2.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 74 2.2.2 Campylobacter in foodstuffs 74 2.2.3 Campylobacter in animals 76 2.2.4 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 77 2.3 LISTERIOSIS 86 2.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation 86 2.3.2 Listeria in foodstuffs 86 2.3.3 Listeria in animals 89 2.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS 90 2.4.1 General evaluation of the national situation 90 2.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 90 2.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation 90 2.5.2 Mycobacterium in animals 90 2.6 BRUCELLOSIS 107 2.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation 107 2.6.2 Brucella in animals 107 2.7 YERSINIOSIS 129 2.7.1 General evaluation of the national situation 129 2.8 TRICHINELLOSIS 129 2.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation 129 2.8.2 Trichinella in animals 129 2.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 135 2.9.1 General evaluation of the national situation 135 2.9.2 Echinococcus in animals 135 2.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS 138 2.10.1 General evaluation of the national situation 138 2.10.2 Toxoplasma in animals 138 2.11 RABIES 140 2.11.1 General evaluation of the national situation 140 2.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 141 2.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION 146

Croatia - 2013

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.12.1 General evaluation of the national situation 146 2.13 Q-FEVER 146 2.13.1 General evaluation of the national situation 146 2.14 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS 147 2.14.1 General evaluation of the national situation 147 2.14.2 West Nile Virus in animals 147 3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL 150 3.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC 151 3.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 151 3.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic 151 3.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC 159 3.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 159 3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates 159 4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 171 4.1 CRONOBACTER 172 4.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 172 4.1.2 Cronobacter in foodstuffs 172 4.2 HISTAMINE 173 4.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 173 4.2.2 Histamine in foodstuffs 173 4.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 179 4.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation 179 4.3.2 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 179 5 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 180

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS

The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of the animal population in the country.

Croatia - 2013 1

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses A. Information on susceptible animal population

Sources of information Croatian Agriculture Agency- Unique Livestock Register Dates the figures relate to and the content of the figures n/a Definitions used for different types of animals, herds, flocks and holdings as well as the types covered by the information According to the legislation. National evaluation of the numbers of susceptible population and trends in these figures

n/a Geographical distribution and size distribution of the herds, flocks and holdings 21 counties. Additional information n/a

Croatia - 2013 2

Croatia - 2013 Table Susceptible animal populations

* Only if different than current reporting year

Number of slaughtered Livestock numbers (live Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Number of herds or flocks Number of holdings animals animals)

Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year*

Cattle (bovine animals) - in total 465300 2013 35338 2013

Ducks - in total 166398 2013 10543 2013

Gallus gallus (fowl) - in total 13051593 2013 88643 2013

Geese - in total 42903 2013 5202 2013

Goats - in total 67277 2013

Pigs - in total 1665871 2013 128575 2013

Sheep - in total 590474 2013 18332 2013

Solipeds, domestic horses - in total 23832 2013 4197 2013

Turkeys - in total 699671 2013 13741 2013 3

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS

Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses.

Croatia - 2013 4

Croatia - 2013 2.1 SALMONELLOSIS

2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2.1.2 Salmonella in foodstuffs

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Cheeses made from goats' milk - fresh - made from Selective Official raw or low heat-treated milk - Processing plant - MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 5 0 sampling sampling Surveillance

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Cheeses made from goats' milk - fresh - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processing plant - Surveillance 5

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other food Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Vegetables - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - Retail - Selective Official MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 99 0 Surveillance sampling sampling

Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6 Selective Official MH food sample Intra EU trade Batch 25g 90 0 months - Retail - Surveillance sampling sampling Selective Official Bakery products - cakes - Retail - Monitoring MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 276 0 sampling sampling Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Monitoring (ice Selective Official MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 429 0 cream) sampling sampling

Ready-to-eat salads - Retail - Monitoring (mixed Selective Official MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 386 0 ready-to-eat food) sampling sampling Selective Official Spices and herbs - dried - Retail - Monitoring MH food sample Unknown Single 25g 47 0 sampling sampling

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Vegetables - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6 months - Retail - Surveillance

Bakery products - cakes - Retail - Monitoring

Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Monitoring (ice cream) 6

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other food

Salmonella Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Ready-to-eat salads - Retail - Monitoring (mixed ready-to-eat food)

Spices and herbs - dried - Retail - Monitoring

Footnote:

MH - Ministry of Health 7

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten Selective Official food sample MH Domestic Single 25 g 325 1 cooked - Retail - Surveillance sampling sampling > meat

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten 1 cooked - Retail - Surveillance 8

Croatia - 2013 2.1.3 Salmonella in animals

Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

No of flocks Total units under control Source of Sampling Sample origin Target Sampling unit Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis programme information strategy Verification Salmonella

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified - Official and animal adult - Control and eradication programmes 118 CVI Census industry sample > Domestic yes Flock 118 0 sampling faeces

S. Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: S. Hadar S. Infantis Typhimurium S. Virchow spp., - unspecified

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Control and eradication programmes 9

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit S. 1,4,[5],12:i: Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy - Salmonella

animal Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - Objective Official sample > Domestic Herd 468 5 1 1 Farm - Monitoring sampling sampling caecum animal Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Objective Official sample > Domestic Herd 334 26 8 10 sampling sampling lymph nodes food sample Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Objective Official > carcase Domestic Herd 334 15 5 2 sampling sampling swabs

Salmonella spp., unspecified

Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - 3 Farm - Monitoring

Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring 8

Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring 8 10

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other poultry Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses No of flocks Total units under control Source of Sampling Sample origin Target Sampling unit Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis programme information strategy Verification Salmonella

Official and animal Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm - 322 CVI Census industry sample > Domestic yes Flock 322 9 9 Control and eradication programmes sampling faeces Official and environmenta Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - 3053 CVI Census industry l sample > Domestic yes Flock 3053 9 5 Farm - Control and eradication programmes sampling boot swabs Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Industry Census yes Farm - Control and eradication programmes sampling Official and Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Census industry yes Farm - Control and eradication programmes sampling Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-old animal Objective Official chicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes sample > Domestic yes Flock sampling sampling faeces Official and animal Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm 8 CVI Census industry sample > Domestic yes Flock 8 0 - Control and eradication programmes sampling faeces Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm Industry Census yes - Control and eradication programmes sampling

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm Official yes - Control and eradication programmes sampling Official and environmenta Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - 202 CVI Census industry l sample > Domestic yes Flock 202 3 Control and eradication programmes sampling boot swabs Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - Industry Census yes Control and eradication programmes sampling

Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - Official yes Control and eradication programmes sampling 11

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other poultry

S. Salmonella Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses S. 1,4,[5],12:i: Typhimurium spp., - unspecified

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - 4 Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-old chicks - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - 3 Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm - Control and eradication programmes 12

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other poultry Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 13

Croatia - 2013 2.1.4 Salmonella in feedingstuffs

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - final product - Laboratory Objective Official feed sample Domestic Batch 500g 120 0 Feed mill - Surveillance report sampling sampling

Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - Laboratory Selective Official feed sample Domestic Batch 500g 47 3 1 Feed mill - Surveillance report sampling sampling

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - Laboratory Objective Official final product - Feed mill - Surveillance feed sample Domestic Batch 500 62 2 report sampling sampling

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - breeders - final Laboratory Objective Official feed sample Domestic Batch 500 59 1 product - Feed mill - Surveillance report sampling sampling

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - final product - Feed mill - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - final product - 2 Feed mill - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry (non specified) - final product - Feed mill - Surveillance 2

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - breeders - final 1 product - Feed mill - Surveillance 14

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 15

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Feed material of land animal origin - greaves - Feed Objective Official 7 feed sample Domestic Single 500ml 7 0 mill - Surveillance sampling sampling

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Feed material of land animal origin - greaves - Feed mill - Surveillance

Footnote:

Graves=poultry fat 16

Croatia - 2013 Table Salmonella in other feed matter Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units S. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for S. Enteritidis Typhimurium information strategy weight Salmonella

Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - soya (bean) Laboratory Objective Official Imported from feed sample Single 500 36 5 derived - Feed mill - Surveillance report sampling sampling outside EU

Salmonella S. 1,4,[5],12:i: spp., - unspecified

Feed material of oil seed or fruit origin - soya (bean) 5 derived - Feed mill - Surveillance 17

Croatia - 2013 2.1.5 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution

method] Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 5 0 3 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 5 0 1 3 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 5 0 1 4

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 5 1 2 2 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 5 0 5

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 5 2 2 1 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 5 0 5

Sulfonamides 256 5 2 1 2 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 5 0 1 4

Trimethoprim 2 5 0 5

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 5 1 4 1 18

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Enteritidis (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 19

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 16 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 16 0 9 3 3 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 16 0 2 10 4

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 16 0 1 3 10 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 16 0 8 7 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 16 1 3 12 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 16 0 7 6 1 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 16 1 15 1

Sulfonamides 256 16 2 2 9 2 1 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 16 0 4 12

Trimethoprim 2 16 2 13 1 1 1

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 16 0 13 3

Gallus gallus S. Enteritidis (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 16 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 20

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Enteritidis (fowl) - laying hens - before

slaughter Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 16 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 21

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 4 0 3 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 4 0 3 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 4 0 4

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 4 0 1 3

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 4 0 4

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 4 0 1 3

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 4 0 4

Sulfonamides 256 4 0 3 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 4 0 4

Trimethoprim 2 4 0 4

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 4 0 4

Gallus gallus S. Enteritidis (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 22

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Enteritidis (fowl) - laying hens - during

rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 23

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Turkeys - fattening flocks - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Enteritidis Turkeys - fattening flocks Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 1 0 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 1 0 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 1 0 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 1 0 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 1 0 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 1 0 1

Sulfonamides 256 1 0 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 1 0 1

Trimethoprim 2 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 1 0 1

S. Enteritidis Turkeys - fattening flocks

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 24

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Enteritidis in Turkeys - fattening flocks - quantitative data [Dilution method]

S. Enteritidis Turkeys - fattening flocks

Isolates out of a monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 25

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 3 0 1 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 3 0 1 2

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 3 0 1 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 3 0 3

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 3 0 1 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 3 0 1 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 3 0 3

Sulfonamides 256 3 0 3

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 3 1 2 1

Trimethoprim 2 3 0 3

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 3 0 3

Gallus gallus S. Typhimurium (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 26

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Typhimurium (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 27

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 2 0 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 2 0 1 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 2 0 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 2 0 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 2 0 1 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 2 0 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 2 0 2

Sulfonamides 256 2 0 1 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 2

Trimethoprim 2 2 0 2

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 2 0 2

Gallus gallus S. Typhimurium (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 28

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - before slaughter - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Typhimurium (fowl) - laying hens - before

slaughter Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 29

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Turkeys - fattening flocks - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Turkeys - fattening flocks Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 4 0 2 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 4 0 1 2 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 4 0 1 3

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 4 1 1 2 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 4 1 3 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 4 0 4

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 4 0 3 1

Sulfonamides 256 4 1 1 2 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 4 0 3 1

Trimethoprim 2 4 0 2 2

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 4 0 1 2 1

S. Typhimurium Turkeys - fattening flocks

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 30

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Turkeys - fattening flocks - quantitative data [Dilution method]

S. Typhimurium Turkeys - fattening flocks

Isolates out of a monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 31

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Agona Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 3 0 2 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 3 0 2 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 3 0 3

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 3 0 3

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 3 0 3

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 3 0 3

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 3 0 3

Sulfonamides 256 3 0 2 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 2

Trimethoprim 2 3 0 3

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 3 0 3

Gallus gallus S. Agona (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 32

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Agona (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 33

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Infantis Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 18 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 18 0 7 10 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 18 2 6 10 1 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 18 2 5 11 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 18 2 1 12 3 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 18 17 1 6 9 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 18 6 2 3 6 1 1 5

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 18 18 18

Sulfonamides 256 18 2 1 4 7 4 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 18 4 1 12 1 1 3

Trimethoprim 2 18 0 15 3

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 18 0 6 10 2

Gallus gallus S. Infantis (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 18 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 34

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Infantis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Infantis (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 18 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 35

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Hadar in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Hadar Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 1 0 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 1 0 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 1 0 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 1 0 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 1 0 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 1 0 1

Sulfonamides 256 1 0 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 2

Trimethoprim 2 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 1 0 1

Gallus gallus S. Hadar (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 36

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Hadar in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Hadar (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 37

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Mbandaka in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Mbandaka Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 26 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 26 1 8 15 1 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 26 6 16 3 1 6

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 26 1 1 24 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 26 5 2 15 4 5

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 26 26 20 1 1 3 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 26 6 1 15 4 1 5

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 26 26 26

Sulfonamides 256 26 5 4 5 11 1 5

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 26 5 7 13 1 5

Trimethoprim 2 26 4 21 1 4

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 26 5 4 15 2 5

Gallus gallus S. Mbandaka (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 26 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 38

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Mbandaka in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus S. Mbandaka (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period - Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 26 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 39

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 11 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 11 0 3 7 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 11 0 11

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 11 0 1 10

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 11 0 1 5 4 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 11 8 3 6 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 11 2 3 5 1 1 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 11 8 3 8

Sulfonamides 256 11 2 3 4 2 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 11 0 10 1

Trimethoprim 2 11 0 10 1

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 11 0 6 5

Gallus gallus Other serovars (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 11 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 40

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus Other serovars (fowl) - broilers - during rearing

period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 11 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 41

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 2 0 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 2 0 1 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 2 0 1 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 2 0 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 2 0 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 2 0 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 2 0 2

Sulfonamides 256 2 0 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 1 1

Trimethoprim 2 2 0 2

Gallus gallus Other serovars (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 42

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus Other serovars (fowl) - laying hens - during

rearing period Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 43

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Turkeys - fattening flocks - Farm - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Turkeys - fattening flocks - Farm - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 3 0 1 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 3 0 3

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 3 1 1 1 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 3 0 1 1 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 3 2 1 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 3 0 3

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 3 2 1 2

Sulfonamides 256 3 1 2 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 3 0 1 2

Trimethoprim 2 3 0 3

Turkeys - Other serovars fattening flocks - Farm - Surveillance Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 44

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Turkeys - fattening flocks - Farm - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - environmental sample - boot swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Turkeys - Other serovars fattening flocks - Farm -

Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 3 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 45

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 1 0 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 1 0 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 1 0 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 1 0 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 1 0 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 1 0 1

Sulfonamides 256 1 1 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 1 0 1

Trimethoprim 2 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 2 1 0 1 46

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Cattle (bovine S. Typhimurium animals) - calves (under 1

year) - for Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 47

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 4 0 3 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 4 1 2 1 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 4 0 1 3

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 4 0 2 1 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 4 1 2 1 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 4 1 2 1 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 4 1 3 1

Sulfonamides 256 4 1 1 2 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 4 1 1 2 1

Trimethoprim 2 4 1 1 2 1

Cattle (bovine Other serovars animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 48

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Cattle (bovine Other serovars animals) - calves (under 1

year) - for Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 4 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 49

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Pigs - fattening pigs - unspecified - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Pigs - fattening pigs - unspecified - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 10 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 10 0 4 4 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 10 6 1 2 1 6

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 10 1 1 3 5 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 10 0 7 3

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 10 1 1 4 4 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 10 7 3 7

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 10 0 10

Sulfonamides 256 10 8 1 1 8

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 10 6 1 3 1 5

Trimethoprim 2 10 0 8 2

Pigs - fattening S. Typhimurium pigs - unspecified - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 10 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 50

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Pigs - fattening pigs - unspecified - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Typhimurium pigs - unspecified -

Slaughterhouse Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 10 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 51

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Derby Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 1 0 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 1 0 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 1 0 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 1 0 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 1 0 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 1 0 1

Sulfonamides 256 1 1 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 1 0 1

Trimethoprim 2 1 0 1

Pigs - fattening S. Derby pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 52

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Derby pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 53

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Agona Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 2 0 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 2 0 2

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 2 0 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 2 0 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 2 0 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 2 0 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 2 0 2

Sulfonamides 256 2 0 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 2

Trimethoprim 2 2 0 2

Pigs - fattening S. Agona pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 54

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Agona pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 55

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 13 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 13 0 2 5 5 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 13 3 4 1 3 2 3

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 13 0 2 3 8

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 13 0 5 7 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 13 0 2 9 2

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 13 3 3 7 3

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 13 0 12 1

Sulfonamides 256 13 7 1 3 2 7

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 13 3 8 2 3

Trimethoprim 2 13 3 10 3

Pigs - fattening Other serovars pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 13 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 56

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Surveillance - Official sampling - animal sample - lymph nodes - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening Other serovars pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Surveillance Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 13 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 57

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Typhimurium Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 5 0 1 4

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 5 5 5

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 12 1 1 2 8 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 5 0 3 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 5 0 5

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 5 5 5

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 5 0 5

Sulfonamides 256 5 5 5

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 5 4 1 4

Trimethoprim 2 5 3 1 1 2 1

Pigs - fattening S. Typhimurium pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 58

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Typhimurium in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Typhimurium pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 59

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. 1,4,12:i:- in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. 1,4,12:i:- Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 2 0 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 2 2 2

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 2 0 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 2 0 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 2 1 1 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 2 2 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 2 0 2

Sulfonamides 256 2 2 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 1 1 1

Trimethoprim 2 2 0 1 1

Pigs - fattening S. 1,4,12:i:- pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 60

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. 1,4,12:i:- in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. 1,4,12:i:- pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 61

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Agona Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 2 0 1 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 2 0 1 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 2 0 2

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 2 0 1 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 2 0 1 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 2 0 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 2 0 2

Sulfonamides 256 2 0 1 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 2 0 2

Trimethoprim 2 2 0 2

Pigs - fattening S. Agona pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 62

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Agona in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Agona pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 2 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 63

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to S. Derby Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 5 0 3 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 5 0 1 1 3

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 5 0 5

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 5 0 5

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 5 0 1 4

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 7 0 5 2

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 5 0 4 1

Sulfonamides 256 5 2 1 2 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 5 0 4 1

Trimethoprim 2 5 0 4 1

Pigs - fattening S. Derby pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 64

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. Derby in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening S. Derby pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 5 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 65

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to Other serovars Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 1 0 1

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 32 1 0 1

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 1 0 1

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.5 1 0 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 1 0 1

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 1 0 1

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 1 0 1

Sulfonamides 256 1 1 1

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 1 0 1

Trimethoprim 2 1 0 1

Pigs - fattening Other serovars pigs - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 66

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Other serovars in Pigs - fattening pigs - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - Objective sampling - Official sampling - food sample - carcase swabs - quantitative data [Dilution method] Pigs - fattening Other serovars pigs - Slaughterhouse

- Monitoring Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 1 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim 67

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 32

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime 0.5

Ceftazidime 2

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides 256

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim 2 68

Croatia - 2013 Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 69

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 32

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime 0.5

Ceftazidime 2

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides 256

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim 2 70

Croatia - 2013 Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 71

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance testing of Salmonella in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 32

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime 0.5

Ceftazidime 2

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides 256

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim 2 72

Croatia - 2013 Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 73

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

2.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.2.2 Campylobacter in foodstuffs

A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in Broiler meat and products thereof

Monitoring system Sampling strategy At slaughterhouse and cutting plant Surveillance program for Campylobacter spp in broiler flocks of Gallus gallus includes flocks originating from the Republic of Croatia of which are meat and products thereof intended for public consumption

Frequency of the sampling At slaughterhouse and cutting plant Sampling is carried out in a way that: - in slaughterhouses whose annual capacity is 1,000 tons and more samples are collected three times a week; - in slaughterhouses whose annual capacity is less than 1,000 tons samples are collected twice a month; - sampling is based on a random selection of sampling days of the week and shipments to be sampled Type of specimen taken At slaughterhouse and cutting plant For the determination of Campylobacter spp in broiler carcasses one whole carcass must be sampled Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) At slaughterhouse and cutting plant Per shipment for slaughter, one whole carcass sampled immediately after cooling, prior to further processing procedures Diagnostic/analytical methods used At slaughterhouse and cutting plant EN ISO 10272-1; ISO/TS 10272-2

Croatia - 2013 74

Croatia - 2013 Table Campylobacter in poultry meat Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample positive for Sampler Sample type Units tested C. coli C. jejuni information strategy weight Campylobact er

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - Official food sample Laboratory Census Domestic Single 25 g 757 617 143 397 Slaughterhouse sampling > neck skin

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - Official food sample Laboratory Census Domestic Single 10 g 757 386 95 265 Slaughterhouse - Surveillance sampling > neck skin

Thermophilic Campylobact C. upsaliensis C. lari er spp., unspecified

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - 77 Slaughterhouse

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - 26 Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

Footnote:

Laboratory for food microbiology, Croatian veterinary institute Zagreb 75

Croatia - 2013 2.2.3 Campylobacter in animals

Table Campylobacter in animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit positive for Sampler Sample type Units tested C. coli C. jejuni C. lari information strategy Campylobact er

animal Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - Objective Official sample > Domestic Flock 468 62 62 Farm - Monitoring sampling sampling caecum animal Objective Official Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Monitoring sample > Domestic Flock 736 180 86 94 sampling sampling caecum

Thermophilic Campylobact C. upsaliensis er spp., unspecified

Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - Farm - Monitoring

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Monitoring 76

Croatia - 2013 2.2.4 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter in Gallus gallus (fowl) Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Campylobacter Campylobacter C. coli C. jejuni spp., unspecified

Isolates out of a monitoring no no program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 86 94 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 86 19 94 36

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 86 7 94 14

Macrolides - Erythromycin 86 1 94 2

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 86 2 94 12

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 86 32 94 40

Resistant to 2 antimicrobials 86 7 94 13

Resistant to 3 antimicrobials 94 5 77

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Intra EU trade - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to C. jejuni Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 62 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 62 0 7 17 36 2

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 4 62 2 33 22 5 1 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.5 62 22 23 14 1 2 1 21

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 62 23 4 27 7 1 3 20

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 1 62 14 45 2 1 1 13

Cattle (bovine C. jejuni animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 62 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 78

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Cattle (bovine animals) - calves (under 1 year) - for slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Intra EU trade - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 79

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Broth dilution NCCLS/CLSI

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin EFSA 2

Streptomycin EFSA 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin EFSA 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin EFSA 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid EFSA 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline EFSA 2 80

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 2 81

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. coli in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 2 82

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Broth dilution NCCLS/CLSI

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin EFSA 2

Streptomycin EFSA 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin EFSA 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin EFSA 4

Quinolones Nalidixic acid EFSA 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline EFSA 1 83

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 1 84

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 4

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.5

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 1 85

Croatia - 2013 2.3 LISTERIOSIS

2.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2.3.2 Listeria in foodstuffs

Table Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products

Total units Listeria Units tested positive for L. monocytogen Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample with detection Sampler Sample type Units tested monocytogen es presence information strategy weight method es in x g

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft - Selective Official made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail - MH food sample Unknown Single 10g 15 sampling sampling Surveillance

Units tested L. > detection with monocytogen limit but <= enumeration es > 100 100 cfu/g method cfu/g

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail - 15 0 Surveillance 86

Croatia - 2013 Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total units Listeria Units tested positive for L. monocytogen Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample with detection Sampler Sample type Units tested monocytogen es presence information strategy weight method es in x g

1) Selective Official Fish - smoked - Retail - Surveillance food sample Unknown Single 10g 30 2 sampling sampling Bakery products - cakes - containing heat-treated Selective Official food sample Domestic Single 10g 283 0 cream - Retail - Monitoring sampling sampling

Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Monitoring - Selective Official food sample Domestic Single 10g 445 0 passive sampling sampling

Ready-to-eat salads - Retail - Monitoring (mixed Selective Official food sample Domestic Single 10g 441 0 ready-to-eat food) sampling sampling

Units tested L. > detection with monocytogen limit but <= enumeration es > 100 100 cfu/g method cfu/g

1) Fish - smoked - Retail - Surveillance 30 2

Bakery products - cakes - containing heat-treated 283 0 cream - Retail - Monitoring

Dairy products, unspecified - Retail - Monitoring - 445 0 passive

Ready-to-eat salads - Retail - Monitoring (mixed 441 0 ready-to-eat food)

Comments:

1) n=5 87

Croatia - 2013 Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 88

Croatia - 2013 2.3.3 Listeria in animals

Table Listeria in animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units L. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Listeria spp., Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for monocytogen information strategy unspecified Listeria es

1) animal Cattle (bovine animals) - dairy cows - Farm - Selective Official sample > Domestic Animal 201 40 Monitoring sampling sampling organ/tissue

2) animal Cattle (bovine animals) - dairy cows - Farm - Selective Official sample > Domestic Animal 132 8 Monitoring sampling sampling placental swab

Comments:

1) Samples from abortions 2) mples from animals that aborted 89

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS

2.4.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES

2.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.5.2 Mycobacterium in animals

A. Mycobacterium bovis in bovine animals

Status as officially free of bovine tuberculosis during the reporting year The entire country free Croatia is not recognised as country officially tuberculosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Free regions Croatia has no regions officialy tuberculosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Additional information Croatia is in the process of designation of officially tuberculosis free herds according to Directive 64/432/EEC and fulfilling the requirements of point 4, Annex A, Part I of Directive 64/432/EEZ so that most regions in Croatia can obtain officially free status. First year of implementation of official eradication programme aligned with Directive 64/432/EEC was 2010th. In the end of 2011, overal percentage of about 90% of officially free herds was achieved. In the end of 2013 percentage of OTF herds was 96,96%. Since 1st July 2013 Bovine tuberculosis eradication programme is co-financed by European Commission.

Monitoring system Sampling strategy All bovine animals older than 6 weeks must be tested once a year in the whole country for OTF status maintenance. Also, goats kept for milk production in mixed herds (cattle and goats) must be tested as well. Premovement testing is mandatory for all bovines older than 6 weeks in the whole country. All animals with positive or incoclusive reaction are retested after 42 days with comparative test. All animals not testing negative on the second test are slaughtered. Also in county where common pasture is practised all animals have to be tested twice a year, before and after the common pasture season. Herds in the process of designating officially free status are tested according to Annex A, Part I, point 1 of Directive 64/432/EEZ. All animals slaughtered after testing positive on tuberculin skin test are sampled at the slaughterhouse according to Annex B, Part 1 of Directive 64/432/EEZ. Also, samples from all animals at regular slaughter showing characteristic patoanatomical changes are taken. Presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is confirmed by bacteriological test. Frequency of the sampling All bovine animals once a year. Bovine animals in county where common pasture is practised have to be tested twice per year. Croatia - 2013 90

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Sampling at the slaughterhouse - after slaughter of positive reactors - all animals showing characteristical patoanatomical changes Type of specimen taken

Sampling in the slaughterhouse (according to Annex B, Part 1 of Directive 64/432/EEZ) - abnormal lymph nodes and parenchymatous organs such as lungs, liver, spleen, etc. In the cases where the animal does not present pathological lesions, samples from the retropharyngeal, bronchial, mediastinal, supramammary, mandibular and some mesenteric lymph nodes and liver should be collected for examination and culture. Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Animals are tested with tuberculin skin test according to Annex B, point 2 of Directive 64/432/EEZ. Samples at the slaughterhouse are taken by authorised veterinarian or veterinary inspector. Sampling in case of routine slaughtering is according to patoanatomical changes and as described above. In case of positive reactor sampling, all the animals are sampled, in case od pathoanatomical changes: abnormal lymph nodes and parenchymatous organs such as lungs, liver, spleen are taken. In case there is no path.changes samples from the retropharyngeal, bronchial, mediastinal, supramammary, mandibular, mesenteric lymph nodes and liver.

Case definition Bovine tuberculosis is considered to be confirmed if: a) Laboratory examination has confirmed agent from M. tuberculosis complex in tissue material from bovine animal b) Post mortem examination shows typical pathological changes, and agent from M. tuberculosis complex is confirmed by the laboratory examination c) Post mortem veterinary control at slaughter line found typical pathological changes, and agent from M. tuberculosis complex is confirmed by the laboratory examination.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex consists of: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium capri Mycobacterium africanum Diagnostic/analytical methods used Intradermal testing - according to Annex B, point 2 of Directive 64/432/EEZ

Sampling in the slaughterhouse - according to Annex B, Part 1 of Directive 64/432/EEZ

Bacteriological examination - - according to Annex B, Part 1 of Directive 64/432/EEZ Vaccination policy Vaccination is prohibited. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place The guidelines of good manufacturing practice are stipulated by the Veterinary Act, the Food Act and the implementing secondary regulations. Continuous education of veterinarians, producers and

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animal holders is conducted through the Croatian Veterinary Chamber, the Croatian Chamber of Economy and the Advisory Services of the Ministry of Agriculture. Also, Animal Health Sector participates in education of farmers trough stakeholders associations. In 2013 Programme to determine the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wild animals was implemented in wild boars. There was no isolation of M.tuberculosis complex. In 2014 Programme of wildlife monitoring will continue.

Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Systematic control and eradication of Bovine tuberculosis in Croatia started in 1946. Due to comprehensive measures, herd disease incidence was in the period 1946 – 1953 rapidly reduced, from 28% to less than 1.4% in 1953. In the next 10 years herd disease incidence decreased to less than 1% of infected herds, and during the period of 1965 – 1990 it was constantly at the level between 0.5 – 1%. From 2006 – 2009 all bovines older than 6 weeks have been subject of annual round tuberculin screening test in all herds. Eradication programe aligned with Directive 64/432/EEZ started in 2010th and in the end of 2013 96,96 % of bovine herds were OTF.

Measures which are carried out under the programme for eradication of bovine tuberculosis - annual routine tuberculin testing of all bovines from the age of 6 weeks in order to retain OTF herd status, - testing twice a year in area where common pasture is practised, before and after the pasture season - testing only with comparative intradermal test in one municipality in Sisak moslavina county - slaughtering of all positive reactors - bacteriological examination of samples from slaughtered animals - identification of the agent - obligatory premovement testing - compensation for the owners of slaughtered animals - monitoring of wildlife in order to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Positive reactors - animals not testing negative on the first intradermal test in herds where M. tuberculosis was previosuly confirmed - animals not testing negative on the first single intradermal test are retested after a minimum of 42 days with comparative test and all animals not testing negative on the second test are sent to slaughterhouse - animals with positive reaction on the first comparative test in municipality where only comparative tests are performed

Additional control measures - registration and approval of holdings, transporters, dealers and assembly centres - identification and registration of animals - movement of animals accompanied with health certificate of animal health and origin - official veterinary inspectiona at the holdings

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses Since 2010th official eradication programme is carried out and all bovines older than 6 weeks are regulary tested. Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken No sugestions at this stage Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases In case of positive result, veterinary inspector should order measures as follows: 1) The herd to be placed under official surveillance 2) Isolation of all positive animals within the herd 3) Prohibition of any movement into or out of the herd, unless authorised by the CA, for the purpose of slaughter without delay 4) Isolation, untill the further testing or sending to slaughter 5) Milk from the infected cows may only be fed to animals on the same farm, after suitable heat treatment 6) Milk from cows from the infected herd (without prejudice to national provisions concerning foodstuffs) can not be delivered to a dairy, except to undergo suitable heat treatment 7) Carcases, half-carcases, quarters, pieces and offal from infected cattle intended for use as feed for animals are treated in such a way to avoid contamination 8) Slurry and manure storage and premises disinfection requirements and procedures are notified to the farmer 9) All positive animals must be slaughtered as soon as possible, but not later than 30 days after the owner was officially notified about the disease and his obligation 10) After the slaughter of all positive animals and prior to restocking, general cleaning and disinfection of all herd quarters, sheds and all equipment should be performed, under official supervision and in accordance with the instructions of the veterinary inspector 11) After the slaughter and disinfection, tuberculin tests must be carried out on the herd concerned to confirm that the disease has been eliminated.

Before restocking of the herd all bovines over six weeks old must pass official tuberculin testing according to Directive 64/432/EEZ

Notification system in place According to Croatian Ordinance on notification of animal diseases bovine tuberculosis is compulsory notifiable disease.The Ordinance sets out the obligation to notify the occurrence (confirmed case) of bovine tuberculosis and the obligation to notify any suspicion of bovine tuberculosis and lays down the procedures to be followed by the keeper of the animal, the authorised veterinarian, the state veterinary inspector and official laboratories. The keeper of the animal must immediately and without delay notify an authorised veterinary organisation on suspicion of the disease (clinical signs). A veterinarian who suspects the disease or finds positive or inconclusive results of tuberculin test must notify the Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate and the state veterinary inspector at a competent branch of the veterinary office by telephone and telefax or electronic means, without delay and not later than within 24 hours. The authorised veterinarian must submit information about the suspicion using the forms set out in Annex III to the Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases. Results of the investigation In 2013 464 439 animals (100,2%) and 33 994 herds (95,2%) were tested with intradermal tuberculin test. There were 103 positive reactors (0,022%) in 53 herds (0,14%). Bovine tuberculosis was confirmed in 11 Croatia - 2013 93

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

animals (0,002%) and 6 herds (0,016%). In all animals Mycobaterium caprae was isolated. 3 out of 6 confirmed herds were fattening herds assembled with imported animals.

Wildlife monitoring in 2013 110 wild boars were sampled in Sisak Moslavina and Zagrebačka county: - 73 negative - 30 Mycobacterium sp. - 2 Mycobacterium celatum - 2 Mycobacterium fortuitum - 1 Mycobacterium avium - 1 Mycobacterium vaccae - 1 Mycobacterium intermedium National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Croatia is decreasing which can be demonstrated with number of positive herds and positive animals in the period 2010-2013.

Positive reactors and positive herds 2010 - 2013 2010 animals 308 (0,066%) herds 124 (0,303%)

2011 animals 330 (0,066%) herds 175 (0,436%)

2012 animals 197 (0,040%) herds 107 (0,283%)

2013 animals 103 (0,022%) herds 53 (0,148%)

Confirmed infection 2010-2013:

2010 M.caprae 60 M. bovis 33 M.tuberculosis 1

2011 M.caprae 17 M.bovis 12

2012 M. caprae 5

2013 M.caprae 11

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) Since the prevalence of BTB is decreasing and in 2013 Bovine TB was confirmed in only 6 herds, public health impact can be considered as low.

Croatia - 2013 95

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses B. Mycobacterium bovis in farmed deer

Monitoring system Sampling strategy According to Order on measures to protect animals from infectious and parasitic diseases and the financing thereof in 2013, in wild game cutting and processing plants, in case of pathoanatomical changes indicative of tuberculosis, an veterinary inspector or an authorised veterinarian must collect the changed lymph nodes and the changed parenchymal organs (spleen, lungs, liver) and send them to an official laboratory to confirm or rule out tuberculosis, and must report the suspicion of the disease in accordance with special regulation.

Frequency of the sampling Sampling of wild animals will be in cutting and processing plants in case of pathoanatomical changes. Type of specimen taken Changed lymph nodes and the changed parenchymal organs (spleen, lungs, liver). Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Veterinary inspector or an authorised veterinarian in wild game cutting and processing plants, during post mortem check will take the samples in case of suspicion for tuberculosis. Case definition In case of isolation and identification of bacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, tuberculosis is considered to be confirmed. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Bacteriological examination of sampled organs. Vaccination policy Not aplicable. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place Movement control. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Control program/strategy consists of post mortem check at wild game cutting and processing plants and sampling in case of suspicion. Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses In 2014 Program to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wild animals shall be implemented. Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken No suggestionas at this stage. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases In case of positive result, veterinary inspector should order measures as follows: 1) The herd to be placed under official surveillance 2) Isolation of all positive animals within the herd 3) Prohibition of any movement into or out of the herd, unless authorised by the CA, for the purpose of slaughter without delay Croatia - 2013 96

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4) Isolation, untill the further testing or sending to slaughter 5) Carcases, half-carcases, quarters, pieces and offal from infected cattle intended for use as feed for animals are treated in such a way to avoid contamination 6) Slurry and manure storage and premises disinfection requirements and procedures are notified to the farmer 7) All positive animals must be slaughtered as soon as possible, but not later than 30 days after the owner was officially notified about the disease and his obligation 8) After the slaughter of all positive animals and prior to restocking, general cleaning and disinfection of all herd quarters, sheds and all equipment should be performed, under official supervision and in accordance with the instructions of the veterinary inspector 9) After the slaughter and disinfection, tuberculin tests must be carried out on the herd concerned to confirm that the disease has been eliminated.

Notification system in place According to Croatian Ordinance on notification of animal diseases tuberculosis is compulsory notifiable disease.The Ordinance sets out the obligation to notify the occurrence (confirmed case) of tuberculosis and the obligation to notify any suspicion of tuberculosis and lays down the procedures to be followed by the keeper of the animal, the authorised veterinarian, the state veterinary inspector and official laboratories. The keeper of the animal must immediately and without delay notify an authorised veterinary organisation on suspicion of the disease (clinical signs). A veterinarian who suspects the disease or finds positive or inconclusive results of tuberculin test must notify the Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate and the state veterinary inspector at a competent branch of the veterinary office by telephone and telefax or electronic means, without delay and not later than within 24 hours. The authorised veterinarian must submit information about the suspicion using the forms set out in Annex III to the Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases. Results of the investigation All bacteriological test and molecular test were negative. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection According to Task Fore recomendation, sampling of wild population was conducted in 2013. In total 110 wild boar were sampled and no presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were detected. Furtherome, in 2014, it is envisaged to sample roe deer in order to detect possible source of pathogen in wildlife. Most of conffiremd cases is in cattle, and mainly from fattening herds imported from EU member state (Romania). Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) No evidence of finding tuberculosis agents in foodstuff as source of infection in humans.

Croatia - 2013 97

Croatia - 2013 Table Tuberculosis in other animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Analytical Sampling unit positive for M. Sampler Sample type Units tested M. bovis information strategy Method Mycobacteriu tuberculosis m

1) animal Suspect Official Microbiologic Pigs NRL sample > Domestic Animal 26 1 0 0 sampling sampling al tests lymph nodes Suspect Not animal Microbiologic Cats - pet animals - Unknown - Unspecified NRL Domestic Animal 2 0 0 0 sampling applicable sample al tests Suspect Not animal Microbiologic Poultry, unspecified NRL Domestic Animal 1 1 0 0 sampling applicable sample al tests Wild boars - wild - Hunting - Surveillance (Sisak 2) animal Selective Official Microbiologic moslavina county and Zagrebačka county - lymph NRL sample > Domestic Animal 110 37 0 0 sampling sampling al tests nodes from hunted wild boars) lymph nodes

Mycobacteriu m spp., unspecified

1) Pigs 1

Cats - pet animals - Unknown - Unspecified 0

Poultry, unspecified 1

Wild boars - wild - Hunting - Surveillance (Sisak 2) moslavina county and Zagrebačka county - lymph 37 nodes from hunted wild boars)

Comments:

1) M. hominissuis 2) Mycobacterium spp 30, M.celatum 2, M.fortuitum 2, M. avium 1, M.vaccae 1, M.Intermedium 1 98

Croatia - 2013 Table Tuberculosis in other animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 99

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year. Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Indicators Total number of Number of Total number of Number of Number of Number of new % positive herds herds under the herds % positive herds % new positive herds herds checked positive herds positive herds depopulated % herd programme depopulated Period herd herds Herd coverage Region prevalence Incidence

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 4134 4134 3950 6 6 1 16.67 95.55 .15 .15 županija

Brodsko-posavska 1154 1154 1088 0 0 0 N.A. 94.28 0 0 županija

Dubrovačko- 261 261 133 0 0 0 N.A. 50.96 0 0 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 579 579 574 0 0 0 N.A. 99.14 0 0

Istarska županija 1000 1000 983 0 0 0 N.A. 98.3 0 0

Karlovačka županija 2248 2248 2166 0 0 0 N.A. 96.35 0 0

Koprivničko-križevačka 4224 4224 4136 0 0 0 N.A. 97.92 0 0 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 3079 3079 3164 1 1 0 0 102.76 .03 .03 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 1818 1818 1606 10 10 0 0 88.34 .62 .62

Međimurska županija 706 706 666 1 1 0 0 94.33 .15 .15

Osječko-baranjska 1753 1753 1707 2 2 0 0 97.38 .12 .12 županija

Požeško-slavonska 772 772 750 2 2 0 0 97.15 .27 .27 županija

Primorsko-goranska 312 312 295 1 1 0 0 94.55 .34 .34 županija 100

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 2655 2655 2606 24 18 0 0 98.15 .92 .69 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 1535 1535 1161 0 0 0 N.A. 75.64 0 0 županija

Varaždinska županija 1404 1404 1416 0 0 0 N.A. 100.85 0 0

Virovitičko-podravska 1007 1007 878 1 1 0 0 87.19 .11 .11 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 1505 1505 1443 2 2 0 0 95.88 .14 .14 županija

Zadarska županija 422 422 369 0 0 0 N.A. 87.44 0 0

Zagrebačka županija 4336 4336 4233 3 3 0 0 97.62 .07 .07

Šibensko-kninska 803 803 670 0 0 0 N.A. 83.44 0 0 županija

1) Total : 35707 35707 33994 53 47 1 1.89 95.2 .16 .14

Comments:

1) N.A. 101

Croatia - 2013 Table Tuberculosis in farmed deer

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year. Number of Total number of existing farmed deer animals with Indicators Free herds Infected herds Routine tuberculin testing suspicious Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Number of Number of lesions of tuberculin tests animals detected tuberculosis carried out before positive in examined and the introduction bacteriological Interval between submitted to Number of herds Number of herds Number of into the herds examination Herds Animals % % routine tuberculin histopathological animals tested tests and bacteriological Region examinations 1) Hrvatska 340 0 0 0 0 no routine test 0 0 0 0

2) Total : 340 0 0 0 0 0 N.A. 0 0 0 0

Comments:

1) Number of animals is not available 2) N.A. 102

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Slaughtering Indicators

Number of Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Number of Total number of animals to be Number of Number of Number of animals tested animals with Total number of % positive animals tested under the animals tested positive animals % coverage at individually positive result animals animals - animal programme animal level Region slaughtered or slaughtered prevalence culled

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 70026 70026 64750 64750 21 21 33 92.47 .03 županija

Brodsko-posavska 14664 14664 15009 15009 0 0 0 102.35 0 županija

Dubrovačko- 1856 1856 631 631 0 0 0 34 0 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 3825 3825 4595 4595 0 0 0 120.13 0

Istarska županija 8380 8380 8968 8968 0 0 0 107.02 0

Karlovačka županija 16331 16331 15134 15134 0 0 0 92.67 0

Koprivničko-križevačka 69163 69163 70494 70494 0 0 0 101.92 0 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 11828 11828 12764 12764 2 2 2 107.91 .02 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 12017 12017 7577 7577 18 18 18 63.05 .24

Međimurska županija 11184 11184 11746 11746 2 2 2 105.03 .02

Osječko-baranjska 79438 79438 90747 90747 3 3 3 114.24 0 županija

Požeško-slavonska 12621 12621 13918 13918 2 2 2 110.28 .01 županija

Primorsko-goranska 1486 1486 1585 1585 2 2 2 106.66 .13 županija 103

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 32404 32404 44790 44790 45 45 45 138.22 .1 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 6304 6304 5943 5943 0 0 0 94.27 0 županija

Varaždinska županija 9572 9572 11099 11099 0 0 0 115.95 0

Virovitičko-podravska 16451 16451 14132 14132 1 1 1 85.9 .01 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 34543 34543 30488 30488 3 3 3 88.26 .01 županija

Zadarska županija 4640 4640 4029 4029 0 0 0 86.83 0

Zagrebačka županija 41161 41161 32276 32276 4 4 4 78.41 .01

Šibensko-kninska 4286 4286 3764 3764 0 0 0 87.82 0 županija

1) Total : 462180 462180 464439 464439 103 103 115 100.49 .02

Comments:

1) N.A. 104

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Status of herds and animals under the programme Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total number of herds and Not free or not officially free Free or officially free animals under the Unknown Free Officially free suspended programme Last check positive Last check negative

Region Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 4134 70026 0 0 0 0 6 21 2 44 0 0 4068 68970 županija

Brodsko-posavska 1154 14664 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1122 14258 županija

Dubrovačko- 261 1856 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 167 1198 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 579 3825 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 3700

Istarska županija 1000 8380 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 958 8032

Karlovačka županija 2248 16331 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 13 0 0 2204 16012

Koprivničko-križevačka 4224 69163 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4184 68523 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 3079 11828 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3042 11477 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 1818 12017 0 0 0 0 10 18 9 154 0 0 1766 11674

Međimurska županija 706 11184 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 701 11105

Osječko-baranjska 1753 79438 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1708 77413 županija

Požeško-slavonska 772 12621 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 759 12409 županija

Primorsko-goranska 312 1486 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 302 1439 županija 105

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine tuberculosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 2655 32404 0 0 6 9 18 36 1 4 0 0 2568 31343 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 1535 6304 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1320 5444 županija

Varaždinska županija 1404 9572 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1386 9450

Virovitičko-podravska 1007 16451 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 972 15880 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 1505 34543 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1479 33948 županija

Zadarska županija 422 4640 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 362 3981

Zagrebačka županija 4336 41161 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 4280 40630

Šibensko-kninska 803 4286 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 647 3455 županija

1) Total : 35707 462180 0 0 6 9 47 94 14 215 0 0 34555 450341

Comments:

1) N.A. 106

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.6 BRUCELLOSIS

2.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.6.2 Brucella in animals

A. Brucella abortus in bovine animals

Status as officially free of bovine brucellosis during the reporting year The entire country free Croatia is not recognised as country officialy brucelosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Free regions Croatia has no regions officially brucelosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Additional information Croatia is in proces of designation of officialy brucelosis free herds according to Directive 64/432/EEC and fulfilling the requirements of Annex A, part II, point 7 so that most regions can obtain officially free status. Last case of bovine brucellosis in Croatia (B. abortus) was confirmed in 1965.

Measures of active control and early detecting of bovine brucellosis have been sistematically implemented during the last two decades. Mandatory reporting and laboratory investigation of each abortion in cattle and premovement testing of bovine animals older than 12 months were constantly the part of the control measures. Testing scheme of control of the herds has changed several times, consisting of combination of bulk milk sampling and individual blood testing, especially in holdings with more than 10 dairy cows.

In period 2007 – 2009, following measures were prescribed every year: a) Mandatory reporting of all abortions and laboratory investigation. b) Blood sampling of 20 % cows in all herds with more than 10 cattle. Also, blood samples of all heifers, before first lactation, had to be taken in such herds. c) Premovement testing for all breeding cattle older than 12 months. d) Blood sampling of all breeding bulls, twice per year.

Since 2011th control measures fully aligned with Directive 64/432/EEC have started and it is the first year of the official eradication programme.

Number of reported abortions (laboratory examination) during period 2008-2013 was: Year 2013 - 1332 tests Year 2012 - 1174 tests Year 2011 - 1399 tests Year 2010-1467 tests Year 2009-1112 tests Year 2008-751 tests.

Overall percentage of OBF herds in April 2014 was 92%. Monitoring system Croatia - 2013 107

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Sampling strategy In 2013th all breeding animals older than 12 months are tested once in order to retain OBF status. Premovement testing of all breeding animals older than 12 months is mandatory in the whole country. Also, it is mandatory to report each case of abortus in bovine animals which are further laboratory investigated. Frequency of the sampling All breeding animals older than 12 months - Rose Bengal Test, once a year. Each reported abortion case is further laboratory investigated. Premovement testing of all breeding animals older than 12 months - Rose Bengal Test.

Type of specimen taken Blood and for isolation of Brucella abortus uterine discharges, aborted foetuses, udder secretions or selected tissues, such as lymph nodes and male and female reproductive organs, according to Annex C of Directive 64/432/EEC. Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Sampling is performed according to Annex C of Directive 64/432/EEC. Case definition

In case of positive Rose Bengal Test, additional serological tests are needed. Croatian Veteinary Institute Zagreb uses four tests in order to confirm RBT positive results: another RBT, CFT, cELISA and iELISA. If in additional tests there are no positive results, or again only RBT is positive, final result is considered as negative. But if there are two or more positive tests at confirmation level, there are 3 options for further interpretation:

a. In case of any clinical signs; in case that blood sample it taken as the result of abortion; in case that movement or testing history of the herd of the origin is not clear -> animal is considered as positive and sent to slaughter and further bacteriological examination

b. In case that there is no clinical signs and if history of the herd is clear (movements, testing), herd will be under restriction and positive animals will be isolated. Aditional blood sample should be taken or brucellin skin test should be applied. If at second blood test done after 35-45 days there are two or more positive tests, animal is considered as a positive one and it will be sent to slaughter. Also, if animal is positive on brucelin skin test it will be sent to slaughter.

In all positive cases, samples at slaughterline must be taken and sent to Croatian Veterinary Institute for further laboratory examination and confirmation of Brucela abortus.

According to the Ordinance on measures for control and eradication of bovine brucellosis (Official Gazette, 112/13), bovine brucelosis is considered to be confimed if laboratory or molecular investigation confirms presence of Brucela abortus in animals slaughtered due to suspicion after serological or skin test or after an laboratory investigation of aborted material. In case of positive bulk milk sample, individual blood sample must be taken from all bovines whose milk was included into bulk sample.

Diagnostic/analytical methods used The Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases of the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb is the official and national reference laboratory for the diagnosis of bovine Croatia - 2013 108

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brucellosis. In accordance to the Annex C of Directive 64/432/EEC, blood tests for bovine brucellosis are: a) Rose Bengal Test (RBT) – as the screening method b) Complement Fixation Tet (CFT) – as confirmation method c) Competitive ELISA (cELISA) – for confirmation purposes d) Indirect ELISA (iELISA) – for confirmation purposes Bulk milk samples are tested using the Milk ELISA Test. Confirmation : isolation od Brucella abortus. Vaccination policy Vaccination is prohibited. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place The guidelines of good manufacturing practice are stipulated by the Veterinary Act, the Food Act and the implementing secondary regulations. Continuous education of veterinarians, producers and animal holders is conducted through the Croatian Veterinary Chamber, the Croatian Chamber of Economy and the Advisory Services of the Ministry of Agriculture. Also, Animal Health Sector participates in education of farmers trough stakeholders associations and is raising awareness about importance of reporting abortuses.

Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place In 2013th all breeding animals older than 12 months are tested once with RBT in order to retain OBF status. Also, all breeding animals in remaining non OBF herds are tested in order to gain OBF status. Premovement testing of all breeding animals older than 12 months is mandatory in the whole country. Also, it is mandatory to report each case of abortus in bovine animals which are further laboratory investigated.

According to Ordinance on measures for control and eradication of bovine brucellosis (Official Gazette, 112/2013), “test and slaughter” strategy is prescribed. Interpretation in different cases of positive results is set, including epidemiological data, movement and testing history of the herd and other relevant details as it is described in case definition explanation.

Programme was carried out in the whole territory of the country.

Additional control measures - registration and aproval of holdings, transporters, dealers and assembly centres - identificationa nd registration of animals - movement of animals acompanied with health certificate of animal health and origin - official veterinary inspection at the holdings

In case of any suspicion case in the herd, as well as in case of any positive blood test result, holding is immediately restricted by the decision of veterinary inspector and rules prescribed by the Ordinance on measures for control and eradication of bovine brucellosis are applied. That means that no cattle may leave the herd concerned, unless by the autorisation of veterinary inspector for the purpose of slaguther without delay, untill the new decision of competent state veterinary inspector. Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses

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Official eradication programme including all breeding animals older than 12 months, aligned with Directive 462/64/EEZ, is in place since 2011. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases In case where brucellosis is suspected of confirmed , the holding is restricted under EU and national legislation and an animal may not be moved into or out of a restricted holding except in accordance with the movement permit approved by the CA. Measures in case of suspcision or officially confirmed bovine brucellosis are presribed by the Ordinance on measures for control and eradication of bovine brucellosis, which is aligned with the criteria for accelerated eradication of bovine brucellosis, prescribed by the Directive 78/52/EEC. Notification system in place The Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases (Official Gazette 62/11, 114/11) sets out the obligation to notify the occurrence (confirmed case) of bovine brucellosis and the obligation to notify any suspicion of bovine brucellosis and lays down the procedures to be followed by the keeper of the animal, the authorised veterinarian, the veterinary inspector and official laboratories. The keeper of the animal must immediately and without delay notify an authorised veterinary organisation suspicion on disease (clinical signs). A veterinarian who suspects the disease must notify the Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate and the state veterinary inspector at a competent branch of the veterinary office thereof by telephone and telefax or by electronic means, without delay and not later than within 24 hours. The authorised veterinarian must submit information about the suspicion using the forms set out in Annex III to the Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases. Results of the investigation In 2013th 216 579 individual blood samples were tested with Rose Bengal Test, and one animal was slaughtered due to positive results in aditional serological tests (positive RBT, CFT and cELISA). Samples from slaughterhouse were further laboratory investigated and Brucella sp. was not isolated. Also, number of reported abortions which were further laboratory examinated in 2013 was 1332 and Brucella sp. was not isolated.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Bovine brucelosis was not confirmed in Croata since 1965. Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) Since the last case of Bovine brucelosis in Croatia was confirmed in 1965 public health impact is negligible.

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses B. Brucella melitensis in goats

Status as officially free of caprine brucellosis during the reporting year The entire country free Croatia is not recognised as country officialy brucelosis free according to Directive 91/68/EEC. Free regions Croatia has no regions officially brucelosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Additional information Croatia is in the process of designation of officially brucelosis free herds. Official eradication programme for caprine and ovine brucelosis and control mesures fully aligned with Directive 91/68/EEC started in 2012. Individual blood test was performed in all caprine and ovine herds from wich milk and milk products are placed on the market for public consumption (about 12% of all sheep and goat population in the country). In 2013th tests were performed on rams and male goats used for production on semen for artificial insemination or for natural mating (once a year)., not later than prior to their introduction into new breeding and/or the start of use for artificial insemination or natural mating. In spring 2013, another individual blood test in all mixed and dairy herds has been performed. All herds wich fulfilled conditions (tested twice in 2012 and 2013) are asigned with officialy-free status (total number of 634 herds and around 71169 animals). There was no positive cases in dairy or mixed herds but there was one positive heard in Lika- Senj county in extensive, non dairy production, which has been destroyed/eradicated. That was the first outbreak of B. melitensis in Croatia, after 2010. Monitoring system Sampling strategy The Programme in 2013 coverd all ovine and caprine animals over six months in dairy and mixed herds. In autumn 2014 whole sheep and goat population will be tested (individual blood tests) and also in the spring 2015. Frequency of the sampling Animals in dairy and mixed herds were tested once in 2013. All animals in S&G flocks in the country will be tested once in 2014 and 2015, taking in consideration the necessary interval between tests.

Type of specimen taken Blood Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Individual blood samples are taken by authorised veterinary organisations. The method used for taking individual blood samples is aseptic venipuncture. Also, before destroying of positive animal, samples must be taken and sent to laboratory for further bacteriological examination and identification of the bacteria.

Case definition Animals are tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT). In case of positive RBT, such samples have to be sent to Central Laboratory of Croatian Veterinary Institute and tested with Complement Fixation Test (CFT). If CFT is positive, such animals are considered as positive and should be destroyed. Also, in case that >5% of tested animals within the herd shows positive RBT result, all tested animals

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must be retested by the CFT method.

Definition of confirmed case: In case of all positive CFT tests, before destroying of positive animal samples must be taken and sent to laboratory to further bacteriological examination and identification of the bacteria. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Serological methods: Rose Bengal test - screening Complement fixation test - confirmatory test

Bacteriological examination - culture and identification of the agent Vaccination policy Vaccination is not performed. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place The Eradication Programme for Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis (B. melitensis) is based on the "test and destroy" strategy.

In 2012 and 2013 all sheeps and goats over six months in dairy and mixed herds, from which milk and milk products are placed on the market for public consumption, had to be tested twice, at an interval of at least six months, with negative results. All the herds which were tested negative twice and fullfiled conditions of Directive 91/68/EEC were asigned with officially brucelosis free status.

In the 2014 and 2015, granting and maintaining the status of herd officially free of ovine and caprine brucellosis (B. melitensis) will continue. First test will be conducted in autumn 2014 (including whole sheep and goat population in Croatia). Second test will be in spring 2015, at least 6 months after the first.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses Official programme including animals, aligned with Directive //EEZ, is in place since 2012 and will continue until most of the regions and whole coutry fulfills conditions to be declared as official brucelosis (B.melitensis) free. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases If the disease is officially confirmed on a holding, the competent veterinary inspector shall order that the following measures: (a) all movement out of or into the infected herd, except when animals from the infected herd are sent for urgent slaughter, must be prohibited; (b) animals in which the presence of brucellosis (B. melitensis) has been officially confirmed must be marked and their eartag numbers listed, and they must be separated and isolated until they are killed or sent for killing; all positive animals must be destroyed as soon as possible, but not later than 30 days after the owner has been informed about the positive results (c) the remaining animal species which are susceptible to brucellosis must without delay be isolated and subjected to a test for brucellosis (B. melitensis); (d) infected animals must be killed and safely disposed of; (e) milk from infected animals on the holding must be kept at a special place, isolated from the milk of uninfected animals;

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(f) milk from infected animals may only be used on the holding of origin after undergoing suitable heat treatment, exclusively for producing cheese or for the purpose of being used as a feedingstuff; (g) milk from uninfected animals on an infected holding may be placed on the market only after undergoing suitable heat treatment; (h) aborted foetuses, lochia, placentae and dead animals must be safely disposed of as soon as possible; (i) the infected building and yard, as well as objects which have come into contact with the infected animal, must be disinfected, before being used again; (j) bedding, straw, litter and upper layers of soil used by the infected animal must be disinfected and safely disposed of (buried); (k) manure from quarters used by the infected animals must be stored in a place inaccessible to farm animals, treated with a suitable and approved disinfectant and stored for at least three weeks. Use of disinfectant is not required if the manure is completely covered. Liquid manure (slurry) must be disinfected. The manure must not be used on garden produce intended for the market; (l) an epidemiological investigation must be conducted to collect at least the following information: the number of animals in the herd, animal movements from/to the holding in the last six months, the time of appearance of the first signs of the disease; likely sources of infection on the infected holding; a list of other holdings containing animals that may have been infected from the same source(s); (m) two tests separated by an interval of at least three months must be carried out on all animals over six months old and kept on the holding/holdings that are epidemiologically linked to the infected holding. Should brucellosis (B. melitensis) be diagnosed in ovine or caprine animals after they have returned from seasonal pasture which they shared with ovine or caprine animals from other holdings, all ovine and/or caprine animals that have been in contact with those from an infected holding shall be regarded as infected and officially tested in order to rule out the presence of brucellosis (B. melitensis) in the herd.

Notification system in place The Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases (Official Gazette 62/11, 114/11) sets out the obligation to notify the occurrence (confirmed case) of ovine and caprine brucellosis and the obligation to notify any suspicion of ovine and caprine brucellosis and lays down the procedures to be followed by the keeper of the animal, the authorised veterinarian, the state veterinary inspector and official laboratories. The keeper of the animal must immediately and without delay notify an authorised veterinary organisation suspicion on disease (clinical signs and dead animals). A veterinarian who suspects the disease or detects a primary or secondary outbreak of the disease must notify the Veterinary Directorate and the state veterinary inspector at a competent branch of the veterinary office thereof by telephone and telefax or electronic means, without delay and no later than within 24 hours. The authorised veterinarian must submit information about the suspicion or confirmed case of ovine and caprine brucellosis using the forms set out in Annex III to the Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases. Results of the investigation During testing in 2013th there were no positive cases of B. melitensis in mixed and dairy herds. However, in October 2013 one positive herd has been detected in Lika - Senj County (in extensive, non- dairy production). Herd was destroyed/eradicated. That was the first outbreak of B. melitensis in Croatia, after 2010. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Ovine and caprine brucellosis (B. melitensis) in ovine and caprine herds in Croatia occurs sporadically, mainly in the areas of the Republic of Croatia bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina. That means that size of areas with the risk of brucellosis (B. melitensis) is relatively small and restricted. The main risk of spreading disease is recognized in possibility of uncontrolled movement of animals in such areas. Extensive farming of sheep and goats, inadequate feeding, frequent parasitoses and avitamonoses also lead to decreased immunity in animals, and thus to a rapid spread of brucellosis within the herd.

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) Several major epizootics and epidemics of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis are known to have occurred in the Republic of Croatia.

The first one was reported to occur after the World War II, in Istria in 1947 (enzootic in goats), when more than 300 persons were affected by brucellosis caused by B. melitensis. The last case of the disease in people was reported to occur in 1954, and in sheep and goats in 1961.

An epizootic of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis was again recorded in 1991, in Istria, and in the same year the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb detected positive reactions in 65 persons.

In 2004, an epizootic caused by B. melitensis was found in the Split-Dalmatia County. Brucellosis was clinically confirmed in a man from the environs of Split, who was engaged in production of livestock and purchasing of sheep and goats.

During the surveillance of herds in the period from June to November 2004, tests were carried out on blood samples from 21 891 ovine, caprine and bovine animals from 424 herds in Sinj, Vrlika, Dicmo, Otok, Trilj and Hrvace. Positive reactions were detected in 372 sheep and goats and 4 dogs in 5 herds. During the epizootic, clinical symptoms of brucellosis were detected in 4 persons.

A case of human brucellosis was later diagnosed in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Metković), and brucellosis was recorded in several ovine and caprine herds in 2005. Infected ovine and caprine herds and direct contact with infected animals were the sources of brucellosis.

In the last few years, since official eradication programmes started, relevance of brucelosis in caprine and ovine animals, as a posible source of infection for humans is decreasing.

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses C. Brucella melitensis in sheep

Status as officially free of ovine brucellosis during the reporting year The entire country free Croatia is not recognised as country officialy brucelosis free according to Directive 91/68/EEC. Free regions Croatia has no regions officially brucelosis free according to Directive 64/432/EEC. Additional information Croatia is in the process of designation of officially brucelosis free herds. Official eradication programme for ovine brucelosis and control mesures fully aligned with Directive 91/68/EEC started in 2012. Individual blood test was performed in all caprine and ovine herds from wich milk and milk products are placed on the market for public consumption (about 12% of all sheep and goat population in the country). In 2013th tests were performed on rams and male goats used for production on semen for artificial insemination or for natural mating (once a year)., not later than prior to their introduction into new breeding and/or the start of use for artificial insemination or natural mating. In spring 2013, another individual blood test in all mixed and dairy herds has been performed. All herds wich fulfilled conditions (tested twice in 2012 and 2013) are asigned with officialy-free status (total number of 634 herds and around 71169 animals). There was no positive cases in dairy or mixed herds but there was one positive heard in Lika- Senj county in extensive, non dairy production, which has been destroyed/eradicated. That was the first outbreak of B. melitensis in Croatia, after 2010. Monitoring system Sampling strategy The Programme in 2013 coverd all ovine and caprine animals over six months in dairy and mixed herds. In autumn 2014 whole sheep and goat population will be tested (individual blood tests) and also in the spring 2015. Frequency of the sampling Animals in dairy and mixed herds were tested once in 2013. All animals in S&G flocks in the country will be tested once in 2014 and 2015, taking in consideration the necessary interval between tests.

Type of specimen taken Blood Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)

Individual blood samples are taken by authorised veterinary organisations. The method used for taking individual blood samples is aseptic venipuncture. Also, before destroying of positive animal, samples must be taken and sent to laboratory for further bacteriological examination and identification of the bacteria.

Case definition Animals are tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT). In case of positive RBT, such samples have to be sent to Central Laboratory of Croatian Veterinary Institute and tested with Complement Fixation Test (CFT). If

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CFT is positive, such animals are considered as positive and should be destroyed. Also, in case that >5% of tested animals within the herd shows positive RBT result, all tested animals must be retested by the CFT method.

Definition of confirmed case: In case of all positive CFT tests, before destroying of positive animal samples must be taken and sent to laboratory to further bacteriological examination and identification of the bacteria. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Serological methods: Rose Bengal test - screening Complement fixation test - confirmatory test

Bacteriological examination - culture and identification of the agent

Vaccination policy Vaccination is not performed. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place The Eradication Programme for Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis (B. melitensis) is based on the "test and destroy" strategy.

In 2012 and 2013 all sheeps and goats over six months in dairy and mixed herds, from which milk and milk products are placed on the market for public consumption, had to be tested twice, at an interval of at least six months, with negative results. All the herds which were tested negative twice and fullfiled conditions of Directive 91/68/EEC were asigned with officially brucelosis free status.

In the 2014 and 2015, granting and maintaining the status of herd officially free of ovine and caprine brucellosis (B. melitensis) will continue. First test will be conducted in autumn 2014 (including whole sheep and goat population in Croatia). Second test will be in spring 2015, at least 6 months after the first.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses Official programme including animals, aligned with Directive //EEZ, is in place since 2012 and will continue until most of the regions and whole coutry fulfills conditions to be declared as official brucelosis (B.melitensis) free. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases

If the disease is officially confirmed on a holding, the competent veterinary inspector shall order that the following measures: (a) all movement out of or into the infected herd, except when animals from the infected herd are sent for urgent slaughter, must be prohibited; (b) animals in which the presence of brucellosis (B. melitensis) has been officially confirmed must be marked and their eartag numbers listed, and they must be separated and isolated until they are killed or sent for killing; all positive animals must be destroyed as soon as possible, but not later than 30 days after the owner has been informed about the positive results (c) the remaining animal species which are susceptible to brucellosis must without delay be isolated and

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subjected to a test for brucellosis (B. melitensis); (d) infected animals must be killed and safely disposed of; (e) milk from infected animals on the holding must be kept at a special place, isolated from the milk of uninfected animals; (f) milk from infected animals may only be used on the holding of origin after undergoing suitable heat treatment, exclusively for producing cheese or for the purpose of being used as a feedingstuff; (g) milk from uninfected animals on an infected holding may be placed on the market only after undergoing suitable heat treatment; (h) aborted foetuses, lochia, placentae and dead animals must be safely disposed of as soon as possible; (i) the infected building and yard, as well as objects which have come into contact with the infected animal, must be disinfected, before being used again; (j) bedding, straw, litter and upper layers of soil used by the infected animal must be disinfected and safely disposed of (buried); (k) manure from quarters used by the infected animals must be stored in a place inaccessible to farm animals, treated with a suitable and approved disinfectant and stored for at least three weeks. Use of disinfectant is not required if the manure is completely covered. Liquid manure (slurry) must be disinfected. The manure must not be used on garden produce intended for the market; (l) an epidemiological investigation must be conducted to collect at least the following information: the number of animals in the herd, animal movements from/to the holding in the last six months, the time of appearance of the first signs of the disease; likely sources of infection on the infected holding; a list of other holdings containing animals that may have been infected from the same source(s); (m) two tests separated by an interval of at least three months must be carried out on all animals over six months old and kept on the holding/holdings that are epidemiologically linked to the infected holding. Should brucellosis (B. melitensis) be diagnosed in ovine or caprine animals after they have returned from seasonal pasture which they shared with ovine or caprine animals from other holdings, all ovine and/or caprine animals that have been in contact with those from an infected holding shall be regarded as infected and officially tested in order to rule out the presence of brucellosis (B. melitensis) in the herd.

Notification system in place The Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases (Official Gazette 62/11, 114/11) sets out the obligation to notify the occurrence (confirmed case) of ovine and caprine brucellosis and the obligation to notify any suspicion of ovine and caprine brucellosis and lays down the procedures to be followed by the keeper of the animal, the authorised veterinarian, the state veterinary inspector and official laboratories. The keeper of the animal must immediately and without delay notify an authorised veterinary organisation suspicion on disease (clinical signs and dead animals). A veterinarian who suspects the disease or detects a primary or secondary outbreak of the disease must notify the Veterinary Directorate and the state veterinary inspector at a competent branch of the veterinary office thereof by telephone and telefax or electronic means, without delay and no later than within 24 hours. The authorised veterinarian must submit information about the suspicion or confirmed case of ovine and caprine brucellosis using the forms set out in Annex III to the Ordinance on the notification of animal diseases. Results of the investigation

During testing in 2013th there were no positive cases of B. melitensis in mixed and dairy herds. However, in October 2013 one positive herd has been detected in Lika - Senj County (in extensive, non- dairy production). Herd was destroyed/eradicated. That was the first outbreak of B. melitensis in Croatia, after 2010.

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Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Ovine and caprine brucellosis (B. melitensis) in ovine and caprine herds in Croatia occurs sporadically, mainly in the areas of the Republic of Croatia bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina. That means that size of areas with the risk of brucellosis (B. melitensis) is relatively small and restricted. The main risk of spreading disease is recognized in possibility of uncontrolled movement of animals in such areas. Extensive farming of sheep and goats, inadequate feeding, frequent parasitoses and avitamonoses also lead to decreased immunity in animals, and thus to a rapid spread of brucellosis within the herd. Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) Several major epizootics and epidemics of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis are known to have occurred in the Republic of Croatia.

The first one was reported to occur after the World War II, in Istria in 1947 (enzootic in goats), when more than 300 persons were affected by brucellosis caused by B. melitensis. The last case of the disease in people was reported to occur in 1954, and in sheep and goats in 1961.

An epizootic of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis was again recorded in 1991, in Istria, and in the same year the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb detected positive reactions in 65 persons.

In 2004, an epizootic caused by B. melitensis was found in the Split-Dalmatia County. Brucellosis was clinically confirmed in a man from the environs of Split, who was engaged in production of livestock and purchasing of sheep and goats.

During the surveillance of herds in the period from June to November 2004, tests were carried out on blood samples from 21 891 ovine, caprine and bovine animals from 424 herds in Sinj, Vrlika, Dicmo, Otok, Trilj and Hrvace. Positive reactions were detected in 372 sheep and goats and 4 dogs in 5 herds. During the epizootic, clinical symptoms of brucellosis were detected in 4 persons.

A case of human brucellosis was later diagnosed in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Metković), and brucellosis was recorded in several ovine and caprine herds in 2005. Infected ovine and caprine herds and direct contact with infected animals were the sources of brucellosis.

In the last few years, since official eradication programmes started, relevance of brucelosis in caprine and ovine animals, as a possible source of infection in humans is decreasing.

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Croatia - 2013 Table Brucellosis in other animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for B. abortus B. melitensis B. suis information strategy Brucella

1) animal Suspect Official Pigs NRL sample > Domestic Animal 668 3 0 0 3 sampling sampling blood

Brucella spp., unspecified

1) Pigs 0

Comments:

1) Rose Bengal Test 636, ELISA 12, bacteriological tests 20, in 3 animal B.suis bv 2 was isolated 119

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year. Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Indicators Total number of Number of Total number of Number of Number of Number of new % positive herds herds under the herds % positive herds % new positive herds herds checked positive herds positive herds depopulated % herd programme depopulated Period herd herds Herd coverage Region prevalence Incidence

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 4134 4134 4432 0 0 0 N.A. 107.21 0 0 županija

Brodsko-posavska 1154 1154 1273 0 0 0 N.A. 110.31 0 0 županija

Dubrovačko- 261 261 83 0 0 0 N.A. 31.8 0 0 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 579 579 633 0 0 0 N.A. 109.33 0 0

Istarska županija 1000 1000 1013 1 1 0 0 101.3 .1 .1

Karlovačka županija 2248 2248 2279 0 0 0 N.A. 101.38 0 0

Koprivničko-križevačka 4224 4224 4525 0 0 0 N.A. 107.13 0 0 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 3079 3079 3572 0 0 0 N.A. 116.01 0 0 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 1818 1818 1830 0 0 0 N.A. 100.66 0 0

Međimurska županija 706 706 750 0 0 0 N.A. 106.23 0 0

Osječko-baranjska 1753 1753 1724 0 0 0 N.A. 98.35 0 0 županija

Požeško-slavonska 772 772 834 0 0 0 N.A. 108.03 0 0 županija

Primorsko-goranska 312 312 200 0 0 0 N.A. 64.1 0 0 županija 120

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 2655 2655 3018 0 0 0 N.A. 113.67 0 0 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 1535 1535 1290 0 0 0 N.A. 84.04 0 0 županija

Varaždinska županija 1404 1404 1527 0 0 0 N.A. 108.76 0 0

Virovitičko-podravska 1007 1007 1002 0 0 0 N.A. 99.5 0 0 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 1505 1505 1622 0 0 0 N.A. 107.77 0 0 županija

Zadarska županija 422 422 385 0 0 0 N.A. 91.23 0 0

Zagrebačka županija 4336 4336 4776 0 0 0 N.A. 110.15 0 0

Šibensko-kninska 803 803 711 0 0 0 N.A. 88.54 0 0 županija

1) Total : 35707 35707 37479 1 1 0 0 104.96 0 0

Comments:

1) N.A. 121

Croatia - 2013 Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on herds - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year. Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Indicators Total number of Number of Total number of Number of Number of Number of new % positive herds herds under the herds % positive herds % new positive herds herds checked positive herds positive herds depopulated % herd programme depopulated Period herd herds Herd coverage Region prevalence Incidence

Hrvatska 18304 727 735 1 1 1 100 101.1 .14 .14

1) Total : 18304 727 735 1 1 1 100 101.1 .14 .14

Comments:

1) N.A. 122

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Slaughtering Indicators

Number of Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Number of Total number of animals to be Number of Number of Number of animals tested animals with Total number of % positive animals tested under the animals tested positive animals % coverage at individually positive result animals animals - animal programme animal level Region slaughtered or slaughtered prevalence culled

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 70026 34276 34276 34276 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Brodsko-posavska 14664 7135 7135 7135 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Dubrovačko- 1856 528 528 528 0 0 0 100 0 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 3825 1148 1148 1148 0 0 0 100 0

Istarska županija 8380 5633 5633 5633 1 1 1 100 .02

Karlovačka županija 16331 9658 9658 9658 0 0 0 100 0

Koprivničko-križevačka 69163 28421 28421 28421 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 11828 8027 8027 8027 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 12017 5694 5694 5694 0 0 0 100 0

Međimurska županija 11184 4699 4699 4699 0 0 0 100 0

Osječko-baranjska 79438 28176 28176 28176 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Požeško-slavonska 12621 5722 5722 5722 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Primorsko-goranska 1486 1399 1399 1399 0 0 0 100 0 županija 123

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 32404 20598 20598 20598 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 6304 3299 3299 3299 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Varaždinska županija 9572 5355 5355 5355 0 0 0 100 0

Virovitičko-podravska 16451 8670 8670 8670 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 34543 12456 12456 12456 0 0 0 100 0 županija

Zadarska županija 4640 2377 2377 2377 0 0 0 100 0

Zagrebačka županija 41161 20787 20787 20787 0 0 0 100 0

Šibensko-kninska 4286 2521 2521 2521 0 0 0 100 0 županija

1) Total : 462180 216579 216579 216579 1 1 1 100 0

Comments:

1) N.A. 124

Croatia - 2013 Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on animals - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Slaughtering Indicators

Number of Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Number of Total number of animals to be Number of Number of Number of animals tested animals with Total number of % positive animals tested under the animals tested positive animals % coverage at individually positive result animals animals - animal programme animal level Region slaughtered or slaughtered prevalence culled

Hrvatska 692480 82000 91150 91150 79 79 107 111.16 .09

1) Total : 692480 82000 91150 91150 79 79 107 111.16 .09

Comments:

1) N.A. 125

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Status of herds and animals under the programme Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total number of herds and Not free or not officially free Free or officially free animals under the Unknown Free Officially free suspended programme Last check positive Last check negative

Region Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska 4134 34276 0 0 0 0 472 3776 1 9 0 0 3659 30456 županija

Brodsko-posavska 1154 7135 0 0 0 0 266 1640 0 0 0 0 888 5495 županija

Dubrovačko- 261 528 0 0 0 0 217 438 0 0 0 0 44 90 neretvanska županija

Grad Zagreb 579 1148 0 0 0 0 49 112 0 0 0 0 530 1036

Istarska županija 1000 5633 0 0 0 0 533 3012 0 0 0 0 467 2621

Karlovačka županija 2248 9658 0 0 0 0 159 657 3 15 0 0 2081 8988

Koprivničko-križevačka 4224 28421 0 0 0 0 2082 14008 0 0 0 0 2142 14413 županija

Krapinsko-zagorska 3079 8027 0 0 0 0 455 1190 0 0 0 0 2624 6837 županija

Ličko-senjska županija 1818 5694 0 0 0 0 352 1102 0 0 0 0 1466 4592

Međimurska županija 706 4699 0 0 0 0 61 406 0 0 0 0 645 4293

Osječko-baranjska 1753 28176 0 0 0 0 321 5159 0 0 0 0 1432 23017 županija

Požeško-slavonska 772 5722 0 0 0 0 145 1070 0 0 0 0 627 4652 županija

Primorsko-goranska 312 1399 0 0 0 0 55 240 0 0 0 0 257 1159 županija 126

Croatia - 2013 Table Bovine brucellosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

Sisačko-moslavačka 2655 20598 0 0 0 0 230 1802 0 0 0 0 2425 18796 županija

Splitsko-dalmatinska Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 1535 3299 0 0 0 0 815 1746 0 0 0 0 720 1553 županija

Varaždinska županija 1404 5355 0 0 0 0 127 484 0 0 0 0 1277 4871

Virovitičko-podravska 1007 8670 0 0 0 0 369 3176 0 0 0 0 638 5494 županija

Vukovarsko-srijemska 1505 12456 0 0 0 0 569 4705 0 0 0 0 936 7751 županija

Zadarska županija 422 2377 0 0 0 0 188 1058 0 0 0 0 234 1319

Zagrebačka županija 4336 20787 0 0 0 0 1156 5540 0 0 0 0 3180 15247

Šibensko-kninska 803 2521 0 0 0 0 180 570 0 0 0 0 623 1951 županija

1) Total : 35707 216579 0 0 0 0 8801 51891 4 24 0 0 26895 164631

Comments:

1) N.A. 127

Croatia - 2013 Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis - data on status of herds at the end of the period - Community co-financed eradication programmes

If present, the row "Total -1" refers to analogous data of the previous year.

Status of herds and animals under the programme Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total number of herds and Not free or not officially free Free or officially free animals under the Unknown Free Officially free suspended programme Last check positive Last check negative

Region Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals Herds Animals

1) Hrvatska 727 75688 0 0 1 107 100 4412 0 0 0 0 634 71169

2) Total : 727 75688 0 0 1 107 100 4412 0 0 0 0 634 71169

Comments:

1) sheep 2) N.A. 128

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.7 YERSINIOSIS

2.7.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.8 TRICHINELLOSIS

2.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.8.2 Trichinella in animals

A. Trichinella in horses

Monitoring system Sampling strategy Carcases of horses shall be systematically sampled in slaughterhouses as part of mandatory post-mortem inspection at slaughter, for the purpose of obtaining a suitable sample search. The sample must be taken from each carcass and examined for Trichinella in a laboratory designated by the competent authority. Frequency of the sampling Meat of each horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse , obligatory to inspect for the presence of Trichinella.

Type of specimen taken Lingual or jaw muscle. Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Specimens weighing at least 10 g are taken from the lingual or jaw muscle. Case definition Suffering from Trichinella considered horses if the examination of the meat of the slaughtered animals determined the cause of Trichinella spiralis. Diagnostic/analytical methods used The methods of detection horses meat infested of Trichinella is done in accordance with COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2075/2005. Results of the investigation including the origin of the positive animals Not aplicable Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Yes Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases If confirmed case of Trichinella, measures are being taken in accordance with the Veterinary act (Official Gazette 81/1999 and the Ordinance on measures for the control and eradication of trichinosis (Official Gazette 81/1999).

Croatia - 2013 129

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Notification system in place Yes Monitoring system Sampling strategy For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not aplicable National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Horse meat is not a public health problem.

Croatia - 2013 130

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses B. Trichinella in pigs

Number of officially recognised Trichinella-free holdings Not applicable Categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not applicable Officially recognised regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not applicable Monitoring system Sampling strategy General Carcases of domestic swine shall be systematically sampled in slaughterhouses as part of mandatory post -mortem inspection at slaughter as well as for personal use, for the purpose of obtaining a suitable sample search. The sample must be taken from each carcass and examined for Trichinella, in a laboratory designated by the competent authority. For Trichinella free holdings Not applicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not applicable For regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not applicable Frequency of the sampling General Carcases of domestic swine are systematically sampled in slaughterhouses as part of the post-mortem examination and of pig meat for the presence of nematodes of the genus Trichinella at the time of slaughter for private domestic consumption. For Trichinella free holdings Not applicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not applicable For regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not applicable Type of specimen taken General Pillar of the diaphragm For Trichinella free holdings Not aplicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not aplicable

Croatia - 2013 131

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

For regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not aplicable Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) General In the case of whole carcases of domestic swine, a specimen weighing at least 1 g is to be taken from a pillar of the diaphragm at the transition to the sinewy part. In the case of breeding sows and boars, a larger sample weighing at least 2 g is to be taken from a pillar of the diaphragm at the transition to the sinewy part. In the absence of diaphragm pillars, a specimen of twice the size 2 g (or 4 g in the case of breeding sows and boars) is to be taken from the rib part or the breastbone part of the diaphragm, or from the raw muscle, tongue or abdominal muscles. For cuts of meat, a sample weighing at least 5 g of striated muscle, containing little fat is to be taken, where possible from close to bones or tendons. A sample of the same size is to be collected from meat that is not intended to be cooked thoroughly or other types of post- slaughter processing. For frozen samples, a sample weighing at least 5 g of striated muscle tissue is to be taken for analysis. The weight of meat specimens relates to a sample of meat that is free of all fat and fascia. For Trichinella free holdings Not aplicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not aplicable For regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not aplicable Case definition General Suffering from Trichinella considered pigs in which the life of serological examinations of blood or other examination which determines disease or if the examination of the meat of the slaughtered animals determined the cause of Trichinella spiralis. For Trichinella free holdings Not aplicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not aplicable For regions with negligible Trichinella risk Not aplicable Diagnostic/analytical methods used General The methods of detection pig meat infested of Trichinella is done in accordance with COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2075/2005. For Trichinella free holdings Not aplicable For categories of holdings officially recognised Trichinella-free Not aplicable For regions with negligible Trichinella risk

Croatia - 2013 132

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Not aplicable Preventive measures in place Yes Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Yes Summary results of the inspections of Trichinella-free holdings including information on farmer compliance Not aplicable Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases If confirmed case of Trichinella measures are being taken in accordance with the Veterinary act (Official Gazette 81/1999 and the Ordinance on measures for the control and eradication of trichinosis (Official Gazette 81/1999). The contingency plan in place Yes Notification system in place Yes Results of the investigation including description of the positive cases and the verification of the Trichinella species Fattening pigs raised under controlled housing conditions in integrated production system Not aplicable Fattening pigs not raised under controlled housing conditions in integrated production system

Not aplicable Breeding sows and boars Not aplicable National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Continuous measurement of mandatory meat pigs reduced the number of confirmed cases of Trichinella, and Trichinella is not a public health problem in Croatia. Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) Not aplicable

Croatia - 2013 133

Croatia - 2013 Table Trichinella in animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units Trichinella Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for T. spiralis spp., T. britovi information strategy Trichinella unspecified

Allowed animal Objective Official Pigs - fattening pigs veterinarian sample > Domestic Animal sampling sampling organization organ/tissue Allowed Pigs - fattening pigs - raised under controlled animal veterinary Objective Official housing conditions - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance sample > Domestic Animal 1032281 0 organization, sampling sampling organ/tissue control body Pigs - fattening pigs - not raised under controlled animal Objective Official housing conditions - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance sample > Domestic Animal 235887 12 12 sampling sampling organ/tissue Allowed animal Solipeds, domestic - horses - Slaughterhouse - veterinary Objective Official sample > Domestic Animal 335 0 Surveillance organization, sampling sampling organ/tissue control body animal Objective Official Wild boars - farmed - Surveillance sample > Unknown Animal sampling sampling organ/tissue Allowed animal Objective Official Wild boars - wild - Surveillance veterinary sample > Domestic Animal 16084 22 22 sampling sampling organization organ/tissue Allowed animal Objective Official Bears - Surveillance veterinary sample > Domestic Animal 19 2 2 sampling sampling organization organ/tissue animal Objective Official Foxes - Monitoring CVI sample > Domestic Animal 529 8 8 sampling sampling organ/tissue 134

Croatia - 2013 2.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS

2.9.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2.9.2 Echinococcus in animals

Table Echinococcus in animals

Total units E. Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit positive for E. granulosus Sampler Sample type Region Units tested multilocularis information strategy Echinococcus

1) Cattle (bovine animals) - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

2) Sheep - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

3) Goats - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

4) Pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

5) Solipeds, domestic - horses - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

6) Reindeers - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

7) Raccoon dogs

8) Dogs

9) animal Objective Official Foxes - Monitoring sample > Domestic Animal 500 0 0 0 sampling sampling faeces 135

Croatia - 2013 Table Echinococcus in animals

Echinococcus Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses spp., unspecified

1) Cattle (bovine animals) - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

2) Sheep - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

3) Goats - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

4) Pigs - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

5) Solipeds, domestic - horses - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

6) Reindeers - Slaughterhouse - Surveillance

7) Raccoon dogs

8) Dogs

9) Foxes - Monitoring 0

Comments:

1) NO DATA 2) NO DATA 3) NO DATA 4) NO DATA 5) NO DATA 6) NO DATA 7) NO DATA 136

Croatia - 2013 Table Echinococcus in animals

Comments:

8) NO DATA Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 9) samples have been collected from all regions 137

Croatia - 2013 2.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS

2.10.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 2.10.2 Toxoplasma in animals

Table Toxoplasma in animals

Total units Toxoplasma Source of Sampling Sample origin Analytical Sampling unit Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for T. gondii spp., information strategy Method Toxoplasma unspecified

1) Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - Monitoring

2) Sheep - Farm - Clinical investigations

3) Sheep - Farm - Monitoring

4) Goats - Farm - Clinical investigations

5) Goats - Farm - Monitoring

6) Pigs - Farm - Monitoring

7) Solipeds, domestic - Farm - Monitoring

8) Dogs - Clinical investigations

9) Cats - Clinical investigations

Comments:

1) NO DATA 2) NO DATA 138

Croatia - 2013 Table Toxoplasma in animals

Comments:

3) NO DATA Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 4) NO DATA 5) NO DATA 6) NO DATA 7) NO DATA 8) NO DATA 9) NO DATA 139

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.11 RABIES

2.11.1 General evaluation of the national situation

A. Rabies general evaluation

History of the disease and/or infection in the country Rabies is endemic disease in Croatia. Untill oral vacination of foxes, rabies was whidespread in all counties. Due to fact, that 500-1000 cases of rabid animals were detected from period 2000-2011, no human cases were reported. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Since beginning of oral vaccination of foxes significant decrease of rabies cases is reported. In 2011 324 cases were reported, in 2012 123 cases,and in 2013 only 37 cases. Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as a source of infection) n/a Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses Oral vaccination of foxes started in 2011. and is ongoing. Furthermore, obligatory vaccination of dogs and identification of all dogs is mandatory. All dogs have to be registered in national database, and vaccinated once per year. Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken Provide further cofinancing of oral vaccination of foxes (from 2016. onwards) in Western Balkan region (Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Additional information Multiannual programme for cofinancing of oral vaccination of foxes is approved by EC for period from 2014. till 2018.

Croatia - 2013 140

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals

A. Rabies in dogs

Monitoring system Sampling strategy n/a Frequency of the sampling n/a Type of specimen taken n/a Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) n/a Case definition n/a Diagnostic/analytical methods used n/a Vaccination policy All dogs (older than 3 months) have to be identified with microchip and vaccinated once per year. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place n/a Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place All dogs older than three months must be vaccinated against rabies in the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia. Dogs must be marked with microchip. Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses Oral vaccination of foxes. Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken n/a Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases Clinically healthy dogs which have wounded people have to be put under official control over the period of 10 days (three clinical examination: first, fifth and tenth day). If suspicion is confirmed- euthanasia and laboratory testing. If it is not confirmed- six month quarantine if animal is vaccinated.

Notification system in place Rabies is notifiable disease in Croatia. Results of the investigation

Croatia - 2013 141

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Routine laboratory testing- according to the OIE recommendations (direct FAT and PCR). Investigations of the human contacts with positive cases Indication for use of immunoprophylaxis (vaccination and immunoglobulin) is determined by a physician. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection In 2013 there was only one confirmed case of rabies in dogs. Significant decreasing of positive cases. Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) n/a Additional information n/a

Croatia - 2013 142

Croatia - 2013 Table Rabies in animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit positive for Rabies virus Sampler Sample type Region Units tested EBLV-1 information strategy Lyssavirus (RABV) (rabies)

animal Suspect Official Cattle (bovine animals) sample > Domestic Animal 35 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Sheep sample > Domestic Animal 30 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Goats sample > Domestic Animal 13 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Pigs sample > Domestic Animal 1 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Solipeds, domestic sample > Domestic Animal 5 1 1 sampling sampling brain Suspect Official animal Dogs - stray dogs Domestic Animal 330 1 1 sampling sampling sample animal Suspect Official Cats - stray cats sample > Domestic Animal 362 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Foxes - wild - Monitoring sample > Unknown Animal 3380 34 34 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Raccoons - wild - Monitoring sample > Unknown Animal 1 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Wolves - wild - Monitoring sample > Unknown Animal 15 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Badgers - Unknown - Unspecified sample > Unknown Animal 11 0 0 sampling sampling brain Selective Official animal Bats - Clinical investigations Unknown Animal 32 0 0 sampling sampling sample 143

Croatia - 2013 Table Rabies in animals

Total units Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit positive for Rabies virus Sampler Sample type Region Units tested EBLV-1 information strategy Lyssavirus (RABV) (rabies)

animal Suspect Official Deer - wild - red deer - Unknown - Unspecified sample > Unknown Animal 21 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Deer - wild - roe deer - Unknown - Unspecified sample > Unknown Animal 111 0 0 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Marten - Unknown - Unspecified sample > Unknown Animal 120 1 1 sampling sampling brain animal Suspect Official Wild boars - wild - Unknown - Unspecified sample > Unknown Animal 180 0 0 sampling sampling brain

Lyssavirus EBLV-2 (unspecified virus)

Cattle (bovine animals)

Sheep

Goats

Pigs

Solipeds, domestic

Dogs - stray dogs

Cats - stray cats

Foxes - wild - Monitoring

Raccoons - wild - Monitoring 144

Croatia - 2013 Table Rabies in animals

Lyssavirus Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses EBLV-2 (unspecified virus)

Wolves - wild - Monitoring

Badgers - Unknown - Unspecified

Bats - Clinical investigations 0

Deer - wild - red deer - Unknown - Unspecified

Deer - wild - roe deer - Unknown - Unspecified

Marten - Unknown - Unspecified

Wild boars - wild - Unknown - Unspecified 145

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION

2.12.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.13 Q-FEVER

2.13.1 General evaluation of the national situation

A. Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) general evaluation

History of the disease and/or infection in the country Q-fever frequently is present as an enzootic among domestic animals in Republic of Croatia. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection n/a Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as a source of infection) n/a Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses For detection of Q-fever, all abortions in cows, sheep and goats must be notified to a veterinarian. The authorised veterinarian shall take samples from the aborting animal and shall submit them to the official laboratory to be tested for Q-fever. Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken n/a Additional information Elimination of the sources of the infection, isolation of the affected animals and antibiotic therapy is applied when disease in confirmed.

Croatia - 2013 146

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

2.14 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS

2.14.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.14.2 West Nile Virus in animals

A. West Nile Virus in Animals

Monitoring system Sampling strategy During 2013 total number of 3 460 serum samples of equine animals was tested. Samples were taken from equine animals from all counties (21 counties). Frequency of the sampling During the year 2013. Type of specimen taken Equine animals. Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) Testing by IgG ELISA. Positive IgG serological results were confirmed by IgM ELISA. Results showed that IgM antibodies were present in 9 out of 226 IgG positive sera. Case definition Positive animal is an animal with a positive results for WNV. Diagnostic/analytical methods used ELISA Vaccination policy There is no vaccination. Other preventive measures than vaccination in place n/a Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Active survaillance was based on serological testing of horses, birds (sentinel animals) and insects (mosquitos). Passive survailance was based on serological testing of dead and shoot birds and horses with clinical signs of CNS disorders.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses .... Suggestions to the European Union for the actions to be taken n/a Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases

Croatia - 2013 147

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

There was no positive findings (including occurence of clinical signs). Notification system in place West Nile Disease (WND) is on the list of notifiable diseases in Croatia. Results of the investigation IgM antibodies were present in 9 out of 226 horse sera (4%). Analysing the data on testing by IgG antibodies we found positive animals in 16 counties. The highest seroprevalence was found in counties of Eastern and Southwest part of Croatia. During 2013 there was no clinical evidence of disease in equine animals. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection In 2013 we noticed decreasing of seroprevalence compared to the 2012. Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a source of infection) .... Additional information ....

Croatia - 2013 148

Croatia - 2013 Table West Nile Virus in Animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Total units Source of Sampling Sample origin Vaccination Analytical Sampling unit positive for Sampler Sample type Region Units tested information strategy status Method West Nile Virus

animal IgM-capture Solipeds, domestic - horses - Farm - Monitoring - Objective Official sample > Domestic Unknown ELISA (MAC- Animal 226 9 active sampling sampling blood ELISA)

Footnote:

Serum samples were tasted by IgM ELISA. 149

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

Croatia - 2013 150

Croatia - 2013 3.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC

3.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 3.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E.coli, non-pathogenic, unspecified in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - sampling in the framework of the broiler baseline study - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - EFSA specifications - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to E.coli, non-pathogenic, Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - sampling in the framework of the broiler baseline study - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - EFSA specifications unspecified

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 150 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 2 150 6 3 56 59 26 1 5

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin 16 150 80 12 41 17 10 16 54

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 16 150 22 36 88 4 3 19

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime 0.25 150 27 86 33 4 2 4 21

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 0.064 150 133 15 2 1 35 10 6 2 10 69

Penicillins - Ampicillin 8 150 95 15 31 9 95

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid 16 150 128 20 2 128

Sulfonamides 256 150 89 8 24 16 10 2 1 89

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 8 150 84 6 56 2 2 3 81

Trimethoprim 2 150 69 76 5 1 68

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 0.5 150 29 113 8 9 5 4 11 151

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E.coli, non-pathogenic, unspecified in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - sampling in the framework of the broiler baseline study - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - EFSA specifications - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus E.coli, non-pathogenic, (fowl) - broilers Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses unspecified - sampling in the framework of the broiler baseline study - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - EFSA specifications

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 150 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Cephalosporins - Cefotaxime

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Trimethoprim

Cephalosporins - Ceftazidime 152

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Broth dilution NCCLS/CLSI

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin EFSA 2

Streptomycin EFSA 16

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol EFSA 16

Florfenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime EFSA 0.25

Ceftazidime EFSA 0.5

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin EFSA 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin EFSA 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid EFSA 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides EFSA 256

Sulfamethoxazole EFSA 64

Tetracyclines Tetracycline EFSA 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim EFSA 2 153

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 154

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 16

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime 0.25

Ceftazidime 0.5

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides 256

Sulfamethoxazole 64

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim 2 155

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Feed Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 156

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 2

Streptomycin 16

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 16

Cephalosporins Cefotaxime 0.25

Ceftazidime 0.5

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 0.064

Penicillins Ampicillin 8

Quinolones Nalidixic acid 16

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides 256

Sulfamethoxazole 64

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 8

Trimethoprim Trimethoprim 2 157

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in Food Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 158

Croatia - 2013 3.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC

3.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. faecalis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Domestic - Monitoring - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to E. faecalis Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 81 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 32 81 3 17 60 1 3

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 32 81 4 1 63 13 0 2 2

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 4 81 27 1 2 37 8 6 1 26

Penicillins - Ampicillin 4 81 0 12 57 8 4

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 4 81 72 8 1 1 10 25 36

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 4 81 0 22 39 20 Daptomycin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 2 81 0 81 Teicoplanin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 4 81 4 36 37 4 4 Vancomycin

Glycylcyclines - Tigecycline 0.25 81 0 6 23 50 2

Macrolides - Erythromycin 4 81 37 32 5 7 3 3 1 1 29

Oxazolidines - Linezolid 4 81 0 8 72 1

Streptogramins - Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 16 81 1 1 4 5 51 19 1 159

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. faecalis in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Domestic - Monitoring - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus E. faecalis (fowl) - broilers - before

slaughter - Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Monitoring

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 81 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Daptomycin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Teicoplanin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Vancomycin

Glycylcyclines - Tigecycline

Macrolides - Erythromycin

Oxazolidines - Linezolid

Streptogramins - Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 160

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. faecium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - EFSA specifications - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method]

Concentration (µg/ml), number of isolates with a concentration of inhibition equal to E. faecium Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - EFSA specifications Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 69 in the laboratory

Cut-off N n <=0.002 <=0.004 0.008 0.015 0.016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 >4096 Antimicrobials: value

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin 32 69 2 31 31 5 2

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol 32 69 1 8 26 22 12 1

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin 4 69 21 1 4 12 31 7 14

Penicillins - Ampicillin 4 69 13 9 26 5 16 5 5 3

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline 4 69 49 18 1 1 1 6 8 34

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 4 69 6 1 2 18 42 5 1 Daptomycin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 2 69 0 69 Teicoplanin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - 4 69 0 55 11 3 Vancomycin

Glycylcyclines - Tigecycline 0.25 69 1 9 34 24 1 1

Macrolides - Erythromycin 4 69 32 21 7 9 5 2 1 24

Oxazolidines - Linezolid 4 69 2 8 56 3 2

Streptogramins - Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 1 69 45 18 6 17 13 10 5 161

Croatia - 2013 Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. faecium in Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - Slaughterhouse - Domestic - Monitoring - EFSA specifications - animal sample - caecum - quantitative data [Dilution method] Gallus gallus E. faecium (fowl) - broilers - before

slaughter - Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - EFSA specifications

Isolates out of a monitoring yes program (yes/no) Number of isolates available 69 in the laboratory

Antimicrobials: lowest highest

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

Amphenicols - Chloramphenicol

Fluoroquinolones - Ciprofloxacin

Penicillins - Ampicillin

Tetracyclines - Tetracycline

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Daptomycin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Teicoplanin

Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) - Vancomycin

Glycylcyclines - Tigecycline

Macrolides - Erythromycin

Oxazolidines - Linezolid

Streptogramins - Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 162

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Broth dilution NCCLS/CLSI

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin EFSA 32

Streptomycin EFSA 512

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol EFSA 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin EFSA 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin EFSA 4

Daptomycin 4

Teicoplanin 2

Macrolides Erythromycin EFSA 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid EFSA 4

Penicillins Ampicillin EFSA 4

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramins 16

Tetracyclines Tetracycline EFSA 4

Glycylcyclines Tigecycline 0.25 163

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 164

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 32

Streptomycin 512

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin 4

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid 4

Penicillins Ampicillin 4

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 4 165

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 32

Streptomycin 512

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin 4

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid 4

Penicillins Ampicillin 4

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 4 166

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Animals

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Broth dilution NCCLS/CLSI

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin EFSA 32

Streptomycin EFSA 128

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol EFSA 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin EFSA 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin EFSA 4

Daptomycin 4

Teicoplanin 2

Macrolides Erythromycin EFSA 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid EFSA 4

Penicillins Ampicillin EFSA 4

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramins EFSA 1

Tetracyclines Tetracycline EFSA 4

Glycylcyclines Tigecycline 0.25 167

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Animals Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 168

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Feed

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 32

Streptomycin 128

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin 4

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid 4

Penicillins Ampicillin 4

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramins 1

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 4 169

Croatia - 2013 Table Cut-off values for antibiotic resistance of E. faecium in Food

Test Method Used Standard methods used for testing Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Concentration (microg/ml) Zone diameter (mm)

Standard Resistant > Resistant <=

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin 32

Streptomycin 128

Amphenicols Chloramphenicol 32

Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 4 Glycopeptides (Cyclic peptides, Polypeptides) Vancomycin 4

Macrolides Erythromycin 4

Oxazolidines Linezolid 4

Penicillins Ampicillin 4

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramins 1

Tetracyclines Tetracycline 4 170

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS

Croatia - 2013 171

Croatia - 2013 4.1 CRONOBACTER

4.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 4.1.2 Cronobacter in foodstuffs

Table Cronobacter in food

Total units Cronobacter Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Cronobacter Sampler Sample type Units tested positive for spp, information strategy weight sakazakii Cronobacter unspecified

Selective Official Infant formula - dried - Retail - Surveillance MH food sample Intra EU trade Batch 10g 90 0 sampling sampling 172

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

4.2 HISTAMINE

4.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation

4.2.2 Histamine in foodstuffs

A. Histamine in foodstuffs

Monitoring system Sampling strategy Defined by National Food Sampling Plan for the Purpose of Microbiological Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia (NFSP-His) following criteria laid down by Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 Frequency of the sampling The NFSP-His was performed within 3 months (october-december) Type of specimen taken The fishery products from fish species which are especially rich in histidine consist of: 1)Fresh fish samples, i.e. sardines (29 samples, 13 from retail (n=1), and 2 from processing plan (n=9)); anchovy (2 samples, 1 from retail (n=1), 1 processing plant (n=9)); sprat (1 from retail, n=1);mackerel (3 samples from retail, (n=1)); 2)Frozen fish samples, i.e. sardines ( 8 samples from processing plant (n=9)); sprats (4 samples, 1 from retail (n=1), 3 processing plant (n=9)); anchovy (3 processing plant (n=9)); mackerel (1 sample from retail (n=1)); scomber (1 sample from retail (n=1)); 3)Marinated fishery products, i.e. carpaccio from anchovy (1 sample from processing plant (n=9)); marinated anchovy fillet in oil (1 sample from processing plant (n=9)) 4)Smoked fishery products, i.e. scomber (1 sample from processing plant (n=9)); tuna (1 sample from processing plant (n=9) 5)Canned fishery products, i.e. canned sardines in differnt edible oil types (6 sample from processing plant (n=9)) The Fishery products which have undergone enzyme ripening treatment in brine consist of: 1)Salted fishery products, i.e. anchovies ( 9 samples from processing plant (n=9)); sardines (3 samples from processing plant (n=9)) 2)Salted fish fillets in edible oil (3 samples from processing plant (n=9)) Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques) The normal sampling plan for histamine from fishery products consists of nine samples at processing plant, and 1 sample from batch at retail level. Definition of positive finding In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Reference method of liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD), accredited method Notification system in place / Results of the investigation

Croatia - 2013 173

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

1 positive sample of frozen sardine (8 units were positive) National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection / Relevance of the findings in foodstuffs to human cases (as a source of human infection)

/

Croatia - 2013 174

Croatia - 2013 Table Histamine in food Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Total units in Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample <= 100 mg/kg>100 - <= 200 Sampler Sample type Units tested non- information strategy weight mg/kg conformity

National Food 1) 6 Sampling Plan for the Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated Purpose of with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme Objective Official animal 300-500g per Microbiologic Domestic Batch 315 8 307 4 maturated - Processing plant - Surveillance sampling sampling sample sample unit al Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia National Food 2) 1 Sampling Plan for the Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated Purpose of Objective Official animal 300-500 g per with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme Microbiologic Domestic Single 22 0 22 0 sampling sampling sample sample maturated - Retail - Surveillance al Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia National Food 3) 1 Sampling Plan for the Fish - Fishery products which have undergone Purpose of Objective Official animal 300-500 g per enzyme maturation treatment in brine - Processing Microbiologic Domestic Batch 126 0 126 0 sampling sampling sample sample unit plant - Surveillance al Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia Fish - Fishery products which have undergone Objective Official animal enzyme maturation treatment in brine - Retail - Domestic Single sampling sampling sample Surveillance 175

Croatia - 2013 Table Histamine in food

Total units in Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample <= 100 mg/kg>100 - <= 200 Sampler Sample type Units tested non- information strategy weight mg/kg conformity

National Food 4) 2 Sampling Plan for the Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated Purpose of with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme Objective Official animal 300-500 g per Microbiologic Intra EU trade Batch 18 0 18 0 maturated - Processing plant - Surveillance sampling sampling sample sample unit al Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia National Food 5) 2 Sampling Plan for the Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated Purpose of Objective Official animal 300-500 g per with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme Microbiologic Intra EU trade Single 1 0 1 0 sampling sampling sample samling unit maturated - Retail - Surveillance al Tests on the Internal Market of Croatia 6) Fishery products, unspecified - Retail - Surveillance Suspect Official Imported from 160 g per MH food sample Batch 9 1 0 1 sampling sampling outside EU sample

Fishery products, unspecified - ready-to-eat - Retail - Objective Official MH food sample Domestic Batch 10 g 47 0 47 0 Monitoring sampling sampling

>200 - <= 400 > 400 mg/kg mg/kg

Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated 1) with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme 4 0 maturated - Processing plant - Surveillance 176

Croatia - 2013 Table Histamine in food Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses >200 - <= 400 > 400 mg/kg mg/kg

Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated 2) with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme 0 0 maturated - Retail - Surveillance

Fish - Fishery products which have undergone 3) enzyme maturation treatment in brine - Processing 0 0 plant - Surveillance

Fish - Fishery products which have undergone enzyme maturation treatment in brine - Retail - Surveillance

Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated 4) with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme 0 0 maturated - Processing plant - Surveillance

Fish - Fishery products from fish species associated 5) with a high amount of histidine - not enzyme 0 0 maturated - Retail - Surveillance

6) Fishery products, unspecified - Retail - Surveillance 0 0

Fishery products, unspecified - ready-to-eat - Retail - 0 0 Monitoring

Comments:

1) 35 samples, 1 sample represents 9 sampling units 2) 22 samples, 1 sample is presented by 1 unit 3) 14, 1 sample represents 9 sampling units 4) 2 samples, 1 sample represents 9 sampling units 177

Croatia - 2013 Table Histamine in food

Comments:

5) 1 sample Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 6) 9 samples 178

Croatia - 2013 4.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS

4.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses 4.3.2 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs

Table Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food

Total units positive for Source of Sampling Sample origin Sampling unit Sample Sampler Sample type Units tested Staphylococc information strategy weight al enterotoxins

1) Bakery products - cakes - containing heat-treated Selective Official MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 80 0 cream - Retail - Monitoring - passive sampling sampling

Meat, red meat (meat from bovines, pigs, goats, 2) sheep, horses, donkeys, bison and water buffalos) - Selective Official food sample MH Unknown Single 25g 172 0 minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - chilled sampling sampling > meat - Retail - Monitoring - passive (/)

3) Ready-to-eat salads - Retail - Survey - national Suspect Official MH food sample Domestic Single 25g 2 0 survey (food borne outbreak) sampling sampling

Comments:

1) / 2) / 3) / 179

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

5. FOODBORNE

Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease or infection where the cases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, in which the observed human cases exceed the expected number of cases and where a same food source is suspected, is also indicative of a foodborne outbreak.

Croatia - 2013 180

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses A. Foodborne outbreaks

System in place for identification, epidemological investigations and reporting of foodborne outbreaks The reporting of Foodborne outbreaks in Croatia is regulated by a number of laws and ordinances (Act on the Protection of the Population against Communicable Diseases (OG 79/2007; 113/08; 44/09), List of Communicable Diseases the control and prevention of which is of interest to Croatia (OG 79/09), Ordinance on the method of reporting communicable diseases (OG 23/94). Pursuant to the above- mentioned regulations each foodborne outbreak is mandatorily notified to the Epidemiology Service of the Croatian National Institute of Public Health (CNIPH) immediately when the outbreak occurs and is identified. Epidemiology Service of the Croatian National Institute of Public health receives paper report about an outbreak with all the necessary information after the completion of the outbreak investigation.

The outbreaks are investigated by the field epidemiology team that has a microbiological support from the county public health laboratories (21). They also notify and cooperate with the sanitary inspectors and this approach enables enviromental analysis (inspection of food facilities) and taking samples for laboratory investigation.

Description of the types of outbreaks covered by the reporting: Reporting covers outbreaks of all infectious diseases listed in the List of communicable diseases the control and prevention of which is of interest to Croatia (OG 79/09). The Croatian National Institute of Public Health is also mandated to investigate outbreaks of unknown origin. Reporting covers the entire range of microbiological agents as well as histamine poisoning. National evaluation of the reported outbreaks in the country: Trends in numbers of outbreaks and numbers of human cases involved In 2013., 60 food-borne outbreaks affecting 752 persons were reported. 49 persons were hospitalized and 0 person died.Out of 60 FB outbreaks, 6 had a strong evidence.

Relevance of the different causative agents, food categories and the agent/food category combinations The most often identified causative agent was Salmonella. The data quality does not currently allow conclusions to be drawn about the relevance of different food categories Relevance of the different type of places of food production and preparation in outbreaks Staph aureus outbreak in a canteen: vehicles were probably different food categories; Clostridium botulinum outbreak in one household: vehicle was meat (sausages) conserved with pig fat.

Croatia - 2013 181

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Table Foodborne Outbreaks: summarised data

Weak evidence or no vehicle outbreaks Deaths Outbreaks Hospitalized Human cases Number of outbreaks Total number of outbreaks Strong evidence Number of Salmonella - S. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typhimurium Salmonella - S. 25 187 24 0 2 27 Enteritidis Salmonella - Other 4 17 2 0 0 4 serovars

Campylobacter 8 18 2 0 0 8

Listeria - Listeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 monocytogenes Listeria - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Listeria

Yersinia 0 0 0 0 0 0

Escherichia coli, pathogenic - 0 0 0 0 0 0 Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC)

Bacillus - B. cereus 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bacillus - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bacillus Staphylococcal 0 0 0 0 1 1 enterotoxins Clostridium - Cl. 0 0 0 0 1 1 botulinum Clostridium - Cl. 1 11 0 0 1 2 perfringens

Croatia - 2013 182

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Weak evidence or no vehicle outbreaks Deaths Outbreaks Hospitalized Human cases Number of outbreaks Total number of outbreaks Strong evidence Number of Clostridium - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clostridia Other Bacterial agents 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Brucella Other Bacterial agents 1 21 0 0 0 1 - Shigella Other Bacterial agents - Other Bacterial 1 31 0 0 0 1 agents

Parasites - Trichinella 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parasites - Giardia 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parasites - 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cryptosporidium

Parasites - Anisakis 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parasites - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parasites

Viruses - Norovirus 6 209 2 0 0 6

Viruses - Hepatitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 viruses Viruses - Other 5 86 1 0 0 5 Viruses Other agents - 0 0 0 0 1 1 Histamine Other agents - Marine 1 23 1 0 0 1 biotoxins Other agents - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agents

Croatia - 2013 183

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Weak evidence or no vehicle outbreaks Deaths Outbreaks Hospitalized Human cases Number of outbreaks Total number of outbreaks Strong evidence Number of

Unknown agent 2 55 0 0 0 2

Croatia - 2013 184

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Table Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data for Clostridium

Please use CTRL for multiple selection fields

C. perfringens Value

FBO Code CNIPH_25_02_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 60 Number of hospitalisations 1 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Meat and meat products More food vehicle information Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component - Symptoms and onset Nature of evidence of illness pathognomonic to causative agent Outbreak type General Setting Restaurant or Cafe or Pub or Bar or Hotel or Catering service Place of origin of problem Restaurant or Cafe or Pub or Bar or Hotel or Catering service Origin of food vehicle Domestic Contributory factors Cross-contamination Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 185

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

C. botulinum Value

FBO Code CNIPH_15_07_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 3 Number of hospitalisations 3 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Meat and meat products More food vehicle homemade meat product (sausages) information Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component - Detection of Nature of evidence indistinguishable causative agent in humans Outbreak type Household Setting Household Place of origin of problem Household Origin of food vehicle Domestic Contributory factors Other contributory factor Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 186

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Table Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data for Other agents

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Histamine Value

FBO Code CNIPH_15_02_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 3 Number of hospitalisations 1 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Fish and fish products More food vehicle tuna salad information Detection of causative agent in food chain or its environment - Symptoms and onset Nature of evidence of illness pathognomonic to causative agent Outbreak type General Setting Restaurant or Cafe or Pub or Bar or Hotel or Catering service Place of origin of problem Restaurant or Cafe or Pub or Bar or Hotel or Catering service Origin of food vehicle Imported from outside EU Contributory factors Other contributory factor Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 187

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Table Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data for Salmonella

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S. Enteritidis - Not typeable Value

FBO Code CNIPH_30_04_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 8 Number of hospitalisations 2 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Other foods More food vehicle causative agent in french salad and cakes information Nature of evidence Descriptive epidemiological evidence Outbreak type General Setting Household Place of origin of problem Household Origin of food vehicle Domestic Contributory factors Inadequate heat treatment Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 188

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

S. Enteritidis - Not typeable Value

FBO Code CNIPH_20_08_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 14 Number of hospitalisations 11 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Eggs and egg products More food vehicle home made cakes (cake cream prepared with not properly cooked eggs) information Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component - Detection of Nature of evidence indistinguishable causative agent in humans Outbreak type General Setting Camp or picnic Place of origin of problem Household Origin of food vehicle Domestic Contributory factors Inadequate heat treatment Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 189

Croatia - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses Table Foodborne Outbreaks: detailed data for Staphylococcal enterotoxins

Please use CTRL for multiple selection fields

Enterotoxin, unspecified Value

FBO Code CNIPH_05_06_2013 Number of outbreaks 1 Number of human cases 6 Number of hospitalisations 0 Number of deaths 0 Food vehicle Other foods More food vehicle meat and cake information Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component - Symptoms and onset Nature of evidence of illness pathognomonic to causative agent Outbreak type Household Setting Household Place of origin of problem Unknown Origin of food vehicle Domestic Contributory factors Cross-contamination Mixed Outbreaks (Other Agent) Additional information

Croatia - 2013 190