Larochelle, A.; Larivière, M.-C. 2005: Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae). Fauna of New Zealand 53, 160 pp. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE R ESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr R. J. B. Hoare Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF UNIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF M USEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF OVERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 53 Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) A. Larochelle and M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a PRESS Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2005 Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2005 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication LAROCHELLE, ANDRÉ 1940 Apr. 10 Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) / A. Larochelle & M.-C. Larivière, – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2005. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 53). ISBN 0-478-09369-1 I. Larivière, Marie-Claude – II. Title III. Series UDC 595.762.12(931) Suggested citation: Larochelle, A.; Larivière, M.-C . 2005. Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae). Fauna of New Zealand 53, 160 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. Frontispiece digital image produced by M.-C. Larivière using the synchroscopy system Auto-Montage®. M~ori text by H. Jacob, Auckland. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Front cover: Tuiharpalus moorei new species (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0202. Fauna of New Zealand 53 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Carabidae Subfamily Harpalinae Tribe Harpalini Harpaline ground beetles The tribe Harpalini belongs to the subfamily Harpalinae Illustration / Whakaahua: Lecanomerus sharpi (Csiki) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), which contains over 19 000 taxa (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore). worldwide. Molecular sequence data indicate Harpalinae evolved in the Cretaceous Period (140–65 million years Ng~ p§tara Harpaline noho papa ago). The Harpalini form a diverse group, including over 240 NÇ te wh~nau wh~iti Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) genera and subgenera, and approximately 2000 species a ng~i Harpalini. Puta noa i te ao, 1900 Çna rÇpã. E ai ki distributed in all biogeographic regions of the world. The ng~ raraunga raupapa r~poi ngota, nÇ te Takiw~ Creta- present faunal review records 20 genera and 57 species for ceous tÇna kunenga mai (i te 140–65 miriona tau ki muri). New Zealand. This should constitute nearly all the fauna. He iwi matahuhua tonu a ng~i Harpalini – he nui atu i Compared with larger or warmer regions of the world, te 240 ng~ puninga me ng~ puninga iti, he ~hua 2000 ng~ e.g., Australia, which has a largely undescribed fauna with momo, kei ng~ takiw~ papawhenua-koiora katoa o te ao. I over 160 known species, the New Zealand fauna may t‘nei tirohanga hou, kua tuhia he mauranga mÇ ng~ puninga appear relatively small, but New Zealand is a very special e 20 me ng~ momo e 57 i Aotearoa. Ko te whakaaro ia, he place – a biodiversity ‘hot-spot’ – with 75% of species (42 ruarua noa iho ng~ momo k~ore i mau i t‘nei tatauranga. out of 57 species) and 55% of genera (11 out of 20 genera) Ina whakaritea ki ng~ whenua rahi ake, mahana ake o found nowhere else in the world. The remaining fauna that te ao (hei tauira, ar~ a Ahitereiria me Çna momo 160 e are not endemic to this country are made up of overseas mÇhiotia ana, tae atu ki te maha noa atu k~ore anÇ i species introduced mainly from Australia. No native species whakaahuatia ~-kupu) t‘r~ ka whakaarohia he torutoru is shared with Australia, although three native genera occur noa iho ng~ momo o Aotearoa. Engari he whenua ahurei on both sides of the Tasman Sea, which suggests the New tonu a Aotearoa, in~ r~, ko t‘tahi 75% o ng~ momo (e 42 o Zealand harpaline lineages have evolved mostly in isolation ng~ momo e 57) me t‘tahi 55% o ng~ puninga (11 o ng~ following the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland. puninga e 20) i Aotearoa nei, k~ore e kitea i whenua k‘. Ko Harpalini are rather stout-bodied ground beetles with ‘r~ atu momo ehara nÇ konei taketake ake, he r~waho, ko relatively short mandibles and other appendages, and a te nuinga i manene mai i Ahitereiria. Karekau he momo body length of 3–20 mm. They are usually darkly coloured, m~ori o Aotearoa kei Ahitereiria anÇ e noho ana, engari e have only one hair-bearing puncture above each eye, no toru ng~ puninga m~ori kei ng~ whenua e rua nei. E tohu such puncture at the posterior angles of the pronotum, and ana t‘nei t‘r~ tonu pea i kukune motuhake mai ng~ t~tai elytra that are rounded, not twisted, at the sides near the harpaline o Aotearoa i muri i te wehewehenga o te pito apex. Some species living in caves or exhibiting strong r~whiti o Te Uri M~roa. burrowing habits are characterised by paler bodies and He ~hua porotaka ng~ tinana o ng~ p§tara noho papa reduced eyes. Harpalini, he ~hua poto ng~ kauwae me ‘r~ atu w~hanga As observed in many other carabids, harpaline ground toro whakawaho o te tinana. Ko te roa o te tinana, mai i te beetles are taxonomically diverse, generally abundant in 3 ki te 20 mm. He uriuri te tae o te nuinga, kotahi anake te the field, and demonstrate ecological preferences and a m~rua whai weu i runga ake o ia karu, k~ore he m~rua flexible set of responses to environmental factors. Because p‘nei i ng~ koki whakamuri o te papatua pohomua. He of these features, the relative ease with which their ~hua kÇpuku ng~ pãkoro parirau i ng~ kaokao, i te takiw~ (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Larochelle & Larivière (2005): Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) populations may be sampled by reliable quantitative o te pito, k~ore e kÇrino. Heoi, ar~ ‘tahi momo noho ana, methods (e.g., pitfall-trapping), and their potential use as kari rua r~nei k~ore e tino uriuri ng~ tinana, he iti ake anÇ bioindicators and biocontrol agents, they represent an hoki ng~ karu. attractive study group for biologists investigating P‘r~ anÇ i te maha tonu o ng~ carabid, he matahuhua evolutionary and ecological hypotheses. ng~ whakarÇpãtanga o ng~ p§tara noho papa harpaline, he As a result, Harpalini are well represented in New huhua anÇ t~ r~tou noho ki te taiao. He rerek‘ ng~ k~inga Zealand entomological museums and collections – over noho e pai ana ki t‘n~, ki t‘n~, he t~wariwari anÇ te ~hua 5000 specimens were studied for this project. But despite o t~ r~tou aro atu ki ng~ ~huatanga taiao. N~ ‘nei such high interest, no taxonomic revision of this group has ~huatanga, n~ te m~m~ anÇ ki te t§pako i ng~ taupori i been produced until now. runga i ng~ tikanga ine ~-rahi tÇtika (p‘nei i te hopu ki te Before the present revision, 13 genera and 36 species tomo), me tÇ r~tou pai anÇ pea hei tohu koiora, hei kaipatu of Harpalini were known from New Zealand, but the koiora r~nei, he rÇpã t‘nei e arohia nuitia ana e ng~ tohunga authors have found a number of species had been described koiora e whakam~tau ana i ng~ whakapae mÇ te kunenga more than once under different names, and 23 species and me te taupuhi kaiao. 5 genera are new to science. Me te aha, he autaia tonu te maha o ng~ Harpalini e The geographical distribution of native species was puritia ana ki ng~ whare pepeke me ng~ kohinga pepeke i undocumented before this study. We now have a better Aotearoa – he nui ake i te 5000 ng~ tauira i ~ta tirohia mÇ knowledge of their distribution patterns. The authors have t‘nei rangahautanga. Engari ahakoa te aro nui ki t‘nei iwi, found, for example, that several species are restricted to k~tahi anÇ ka tirohia anÇ te whakarÇpãtanga o ng~ hanga specific areas of New Zealand – the South Island northwest nei. and the far north of the New Zealand appearing to have I mua i t‘nei o ng~ tirohanga, 13 ng~ puninga, e 36 ng~ been reservoirs, in geological time, of much of the genetic momo i mÇhiotia i Aotearoa nei.