2010 Missouri River – Holter Dam Tailwater Monitoring
Status Report for PPL-Montana FERC Project 2188
Prepared by
Grant Grisak, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Brad Tribby Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
December 2011
1 In 2010 Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks received $20,029 from PPL-Montana for monitoring the Missouri River fishery below Holter Dam as part of FERC project 2188.
Missouri River trout populations
Two sections of the Missouri River downstream from Holter Dam were electrofished at night using aluminum jet boats. The Craig section is 5.6 miles long and located from river mile (Rm) 2.5 and 8.1. The Cascade section is 4.1 miles long and is located from Rm 24.2 to 28.3. Jet propelled boats were equipped with headlights and fixed boom-type electrofishing systems using stainless steel cable droppers suspended from each boom. Electricity from 240-VAC generators was converted to smooth DC using Coffelt or Smith-Root rectifying units. Brown trout estimates were conducted in each section during the first and third weeks of May each year and two jet boats were used in the Craig section, but only one boat was used in the Cascade section. Rainbow trout estimates were conducted in October and two boats were used in each section. Data are analyzed using the MFWP FA+ statistical software (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (MFWP), 2004). Population estimates are calculated using the Log-liklihood or modified Petersen’s methods. Estimates are calculated using 0.05 significance level. In 2010, rainbow trout (> 10 inches) in the Missouri River Craig section were estimated at 2,818 per mile, which was 96% of the long- term average for this species in this section (Figure 1). Brown trout (> 10 inches) in this section were estimated at 569 per mile, which was 101% of the long term average. In the Cascade section rainbow trout were estimated at 1,706 per mile which was 113% of the long term average and brown trout were estimated at 482 per mile which is 135% of the long term average (Figure 2).
Missouri River - Craig section
5500 Rainbow (mean=2933) 5000 Brown (mean=561) 4500 4000 3500 2818 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 569
trout per per trout mile (>10 inches) 500 0 8283848586878889909192939495969798990001020304050607 08 09 year
Figure 1. Estimated number of rainbow and brown trout greater than 10 inches per mile in the Craig section of the Missouri River 1982-2010 (solid line is long-term rainbow mean, dashed line is long-term brown mean).
2 The proportions of rainbow trout and brown tro ut in both monitoring sections is consistent with recent years with rainbows representing 86% and browns representing 14% of the trout population in the Craig section. In the Cascade section rainbows represented 72% and browns represented 28% of the trout population.
Missouri River - Cascade section 4000
3500 Rainbow (mean=1506) Brown (mean=356) 3000
2500 1706 2000
1500 482
1000 trout poertrout mile (>10 inches)
500
0 8182838485868788 8990919293949596979899000102030405060708 09 10 year
Figure 2. Estimated number of rainbow and brown trout greater than 10 inches per mile in the Cascade section of the Missouri River 1981-2010 (solid line is long-term rainbow mean, dashed line is long -term brown mean).
.
Water flow
For the 2010 calendar year the Missouri River below Holter Dam had a mean discharge of 5681 cfs, which was 106% of the 64 year mean ( x =5331 [3120-8493]) (Figure 4). The maximum discharge in 2010 was 18,800 cfs, which occurred on June 18 (Figure 5, Table 1). There we re 44 days in 2010 (from June 6 to July 18 ) where the river dischar ge was sustained above 6000 cfs.
3
Missouri River below Holter Dam
9000 mean =5331 (3120-8439) 8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
annual mean mean annual discharge (cfs) 1000
0 1947 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 calendar year
Figure 3. Mean annual flow for Missouri River below Holter Dam, 1947-2010.
Missouri River below Holter Dam peak annual flow 1946-2010 40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
discharge discharge (cfs) 10000
5000
0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 year
Figure 4. Maximum annual flow for the Missouri River below Holter Dam, 1946-2010.
4 Water temperature
When monitoring water temperature of the Missouri River, regional personnel rely on the information provided from the USGS gauging stations as the ‘first line’ of notification. When temperature reaches the critical threshold of 70 oF, we switch to data monitored by several thermographs located at strategic locations in each the Missouri, Smith, Sun and Dearborn rivers. These thermographs are used in making management decisions that could include providing recommendations to the regional Fish, Wildlife & Parks Commissioner to institute time of day angling restrictions of certain fisheries to reduce stress from angling on the trout populations. It is the policy of MFWP to request such closures when “…daily maximum water temperature reaches or exceeds 73° F (23° C) for at least some period of time during three consecutive days…”
In 2010 the USGS Wolf Creek Bridge site below Holter Dam recorded a maximum daily temperature of 67 oF on August 6 and 11 (Table 1). Fortunately, the relatively mild water temperatures in 2010 did not warrant recommending angling restrictions on this valuable fishery.
Table 1. River flow (cfs) and temperature ( oF) recorded at USGS station 06066500 (Missouri River below Holter Dam near Wolf Creek, Montana) for the calendar year 2010.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Missouri flow 2010 Mean 4450 4140 4040 4320 4220 13900 8830 4540 4440 4480 5190 5680 Minimum 4130 3900 3900 4170 3830 4630 4210 4150 4280 4070 4690 5490 Maximum 4920 4310 4180 4540 4690 18800 16000 5060 4590 4880 5710 6040
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Missouri temp 2010 Mean 34.6 34.6 37.2 42.1 47.5 53.7 61.6 63.5 59.5 56.7 46.7 35.1 Minimum 33.8 33.8 34.7 40.1 43.7 48.2 59.0 60.8 58.1 52.7 35.6 32.9 Maximum 35.6 35.6 41.0 48.2 53.6 60.8 66.2 67.1 62.6 59.9 52.7 36.5
In fall 2010, regional MFWP staff received numerous reports of hundreds of dead brown trout in Little Prickly Pear Creek and Sheep Creek with “white cotton-like” growth. Further investigations revealed that the numbers of dead fish were exaggerated. During redd counts on Sheep Creek, one MFWP fishery worker observed 15 dead brown trout in a pool near the mouth. Another fishery worker observed 21 dead brown trout in the first 4.7 miles of Little Prickly Pear Creek. Additionally, during helicopter redd counts on the Missouri River, 18 dead brown trout were observed between Holter Dam and Pelican Point FAS. An analysis of the data showed water temperatures were elevated 2.59 oF higher than the 10-year mean between October 8-19 and from November 4-20 it was elevated 3.34 oF higher than the mean (Figure 5). On this basis, it was clear that Saprolegnia fungus, a commonly occurring fungus in the Missouri River, was expressed at higher than normal levels due to prolonged higher than normal water temperatures observed during the brown trout spawning season.
5
Missouri River max temp 65
62 2.59 F 2001 59 2002
56 2003 3.34 F 53 2004 2005 50 2006 Temp(F) 47 2007
2008 44 2009 41 2010
38
Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov Nov ------1 8 5 15 22 29 12 19 26 Date
Figure 5. Maximum daily water temperature of the Mi ssouri River below Holter Dam from October 1 through November 31, 2001-2010.
Missouri River YOY walleye survey
In 2010 we conducted the second year of YOY walleye sampling in the Missouri River. We standardized the sampling sites based on the results of the 2009 survey and added sites 5, 6, 8, 9 and 12 (Table 2). The protocol involved using a 4 foot tall x 25 foot long x 1/4 inch mesh common sense minnow seine and conducting 4 seine hauls at each site. We conducted total counts of fish species up to 500 individuals, and for numbers greater than 500, we estimated the total number by species.
In 2010, YOY walleye were distributed in select backwater areas over a 26.1 mile reach from the Cascade boat ramp to about 3 miles downstream of the Smith River mouth (Table 2). Walleye were most abundant in Little Muddy Creek mouth. We sampled 18 species of fish in 2010 compared to 12 species in 2009. We sampled YOY kokanee at sites # 2 and #8. Discussions with the Helena area biologist indicate kokanee were not stocked in 2010, which indicates these were likely wild kokanee produced by an increasing Holter Lake population, which likely spilled over Holter Dam during the high spring water flow.
6 Table 2. Walleye YOY seine survey sites and results, Missouri River, Montana. Site name RM 2009 # of 2010 # of Other species sampled in 2010 walleye walleye 1 Cascade ramp 35.5 2 2 sucker, carp, creek chub, brown trout, rainbow trout, pumpkinseed sunfish, yellow perch, northern redbelly dace 2 Below Wing Dam 36.9 4 1 Spottail shiner, emerald shiner, kokanee, pumpkinseed sunfish, fathead minnow, sucker, carp, creek chub 3 Bird Creek mouth 41.4 85 11 Carp, yellow perch, spottail shiner, sucker, creek chub, emerald shiner, black crappie 4 Little Muddy ck mouth 43.2 118 179 Yellow perch, spottail shiner, pumpkinseed sunfish, emerald shiner, sucker, carp, longnose dace, northern redbelly dace, creek chub 5 Castner Coulee 50.7 --- 2 Yellow perch, brown trout, golden shiner, spottail shiner, longnose dace, carp, sucker, fathead minnow, creek chub 6 Below Dunes FAS 54.2 --- 14 Yellow perch, spottail shiner, fathead minnow, golden shiner, sucker, creek schub 7 0.5 mile into Smith R. S-0.5 2 0 Spottail shiner, carp, sucker, pumpkinseed sunfish 8 Lord Ranch pt. Below Smith 57.4 --- 11 Kokanee, fathead minnow, carp, spottail shiner, pumpkinseed sunfish, sucker, flathead chub 9 Lower Lord Ranch point 61.6 --- 15 Yellow perch, carp, flathead chub, spottail shiner, golden shiner, sucker 10 Across from Woodland Est 69.4 0 0 Stickleback, carp, spottail shiner, sucker, yellow perch 11 Across From Big Bend FAS 75.2 2 0 Sucker, carp, stickleback, spottail shiner, golden shiner, fathead minnow, flathead chub 12 Sand Coulee Creek mouth 81.3 --- 0 Yellow perch, sucker , pumpkinseed sunfish, golden shiner, carp, spottail shiner, northern redbelly dace
Rainbow trout age structure
In 2010, regional fishery personnel updated historic records of trout age data from 1981 through 2010. Calculations of mean length at age of rainbow trout in the Craig section over this time frame was; Age 0=6.1 inches (4.0-7.6), Age 1= 9.6 inches (6.3-13.0), Age 2=13.4 inches (8.8-16.7), Age 3=16.7 inches (13.1-19.8), Age 4=18.7 inches (16.2-21.1) and, Age 5=19.8 inches (18.6-21.0) (Figure 6). In the
7 Cascade section mean length at age was; Age 0=6.2 inches (4.8-7.4), Age 1= 9.3 inches (6.4-12.2), Age 2=13.3 inches (9.4-16.4), Age 3=16.5 inches (13.2-19.3), Age 4=18.3 inches (16.3-20.3) and, Age 5=19.4 inches (18.1-21.3) (Figure 7).
In 1988 and 1989 rainbow trout ages 2 and 3 years in the Craig section showed an increase in mean length at age, respectively (Appendix A). For rainbow trout ages 4 and 5 year old, a similar shift was observed in 1993 and 1992, respectively. Observations of these data over the period of record showed a noticeable increase in mean rainbow trout lengths that has been sustained in fish aged 2 years and older.
In the Cascade section, mean rainbow trout length at age showed predictable pattern of fluctuating annual values near the mean for each age group over the period of record, but not noticeable trends were observed (Appendix A).
Rainbow trout - Craig (1982-2010)
25.0
20.0 19.8 18.7 16.7 15.0 13.4
Length(in) 10.0 9.6
6.1 5.0
0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Age
Figure 6. Mean length at age for Missouri River rainbow trout from the Craig section.
8 Rainbow trout - Cascade (1981-2010)
25.0
20.0 19.4 18.3 16.5
15.0 13.3
Length(in) 10.0 9.3
6.2 5.0
0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Age
Figure 7. Mean length at age for Missouri River rainbow trout from the Cascade section.
The mean length at age for brown trout in the Craig section was Age 1=6.7 inches (4.6-8.4), Age 2= 11.3 inches (6.7-15.0), Age 3=15.5 inches (11.2-19.0), Age 4=18.6 inches (15.0-21.6), Age 5=20.6 inches (18.0-22.8) and, Age 6=22.5 inches (20.6-23.7) (Figure 8). In the Cascade section, mean length at age was: Age 1=6.6 inches (5.0-8.0), Age 2= 12.0 inches (7.6-14.7), Age 3=15.5 inches (11.6-18.9), Age 4=18.4 inches (14.9-21.6), Age 5=20.5 inches (18.3-23.3) and, Age 6=22.1 inches (20.3-23.3) (Figure 9).
In the Craig section, ageing patterns for brown trout showed subtle increases in mean length at age for ages 3, 4 and 5 near the 1998-99 period, but most increases were only slightly over the mean values for these age groups (Appendix A).
In the Cascade section, Age 3 brown trout were the only group that showed a discernible, but small, change in mean length at age over the period of record. This age group reached its maximum length at age in 1991 and in 2000 (Appendix A).
9
Brown trout - Craig (1983-2010)
25.0 22.5 20.0 20.6 18.6
15.0 15.5
11.3 10.0
Length(inches) 6.7 5.0
0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Age in years
Figure 8. Mean length at age for Missouri River brown trout from the Craig section.
Brown trout-Cascade (1980-2010) 25.0
22.1 20.0 20.5 18.4
15.0 15.5
12.0
Length(in) 10.0
6.6 5.0
0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Age in years
Figure 9. Mean length at age for Missouri River brown trout from the Cascade section.
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Submitted by; Grant Grisak December 10, 2011
REFERENCES
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2004. Fisheries analysis + program. Version 02152005-VB6-A2K- CR85. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT.
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Appendix A
12
Age 0 rainbow trout - Craig Age 1 rainbow trout - Craig
10 16 mean = 6.1 9 mean = 9.6 14 8
7 12
6 10
Length(in) 5 Length(in) 8 4
3 6
2 4
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 year 1982 1983 year
Age 2 rainbow trout - Craig Age 3 rainbow trout - Craig 22 mean = 16.7 19 mean = 13.4 20 17
15 18
13 16 11 Length(in) Length(in) 9 14
7 12 5 10 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
13
Age 4 rainbow trout - Craig Age 5 rainbow trout - Craig 25 24 mean = 19.8 mean = 18.7 23
23 22
21 21 20 19 19 Length(in) Length(in) 18
17 17 16 15 15
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1982 Year Year
14 Age 0 rainbow trout - Cascade Age 1 rainbow trout - Cascade 14.0 11.0 mean = 9.3 mean = 6.2 13.0 10.0 12.0 9.0 11.0 8.0 10.0 7.0 9.0 8.0 Length(in)
Length(in) 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 4.0
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year Year
Age 2 rainbow trout - Cascade Age 3 rainbow trout - Cascade 20.0 22.0 mean = 13.3
18.0 mean = 16.5 20.0 16.0 18.0 14.0
16.0 12.0 Length(in) Length(in) 14.0 10.0
8.0 12.0
6.0 10.0
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year Year
15
Age 4 rainbow trout - Cascade Age 5 rainbow trout - Cascade 24.0 22.0 mean = 19.4 mean = 18.3 23.0 21.0 22.0 20.0 21.0 19.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 18.0 Length(in) Length(in) 17.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 15.0 15.0
14.0 14.0
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year Year
16
Age 1 brown trout - Craig Age 2 brown trout - Craig 10 17 mean = 6.7 mean = 11.3 9 15
8 13 7 11 6
Length(in) Length(in) 5 9
4 7 3 5
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year
Age 3 brown trout - Craig 21 Age 4 brown trout - Craig mean = 15.5 24 mean = 18.6 19 22 17 20 15 18 13 16 Length(in) 11 Length(in) 14 9 12
7 10
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year Year
17
Age 5 brown trout - Craig Age 6 brown trout - Craig 26 29 mean = 20.6 mean = 22.5 24 27
22 25
20 23 18 Length(in) Length(in) 21 16
19 14
12 17
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year Year
18
Cascade brown trout - Age 1 Cascade brown trout - Age 2 17.0 12 mean - 6.6 mean - 12.0 11 15.0 10 9 13.0
8 11.0 7 6 9.0 5 7.0 4
5.0 3
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Cascade brown trout - Age 4 Cascade brown trout - Age 3 25
23.0 mean - 18.4 mean - 15.5 21.0 23
19.0 21 17.0 19 15.0 17 13.0
15 11.0 9.0 13 7.0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
19
Cascade brown trout - Age 5 Cascade brown trout - Age 6 27 27 mean -22.1 mean 20.5 26 25 25 24 23 23
21 22 21
19 20
19 17 18
15 17
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
20
21