DOCSLIB.ORG

Specific Inserts in the Malarial S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Ornithine Decarboxylase

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Specific Inserts in the Malarial S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Ornithine Decarboxylase Delineation of functional roles of parasite- specific inserts in the malarial S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase / ornithine decarboxylase By Marni Williams 25026519 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MSc. Biochemistry in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science Department of Biochemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa February 2008 © University of Pretoria I declare that the thesis/dissertation, which I hereby submit for the degree MSc. Biochemistry at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. SIGNATURE: ………………………………. DATE: ………………………………. Acknowledgements • Prof A.I. Louw, University of Pretoria, South Africa (Promoter) • Dr L. Birkholtz, University of Pretoria, South Africa (Co-promoter) • Prof R.D. Walter, Dr C. Wrenger, Dr I.B. Müller, M. Eschbach, B. Bergmann, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (Collaborative research visit in 2006) • Dr P.F.G. Sims, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Manchester, United Kingdom (Mass spectrometric analysis) • Dr M. Rautenbach, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa (Design of synthetic peptides) • G.A. Wells, University of Pretoria, South Africa (Secondary structure predictions) • National Research Foundation (Grand holder’s bursary) • Family and friends Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................... IV List of Tables ............................................................................................................ VI List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................... VII Chapter 1: Literature review ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Malaria ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The P. falciparum life cycle ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Treating malaria .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Vector control ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Vaccine development ............................................................................................ 6 1.3.3 Current antimalarials ............................................................................................. 8 1.3.3.1 Quinolines ....................................................................................................... 9 1.3.3.2 Antifolates ..................................................................................................... 10 1.3.3.3 Artemisinins ................................................................................................... 11 1.3.3.4 Antibiotics ...................................................................................................... 13 1.3.4 Novel antimalarial targets ................................................................................... 13 1.3.4.1 Type II fatty acid biosynthesis ....................................................................... 13 1.3.4.2 DNA topoisomerases .................................................................................... 14 1.3.4.3 Polyamine biosynthesis ................................................................................. 14 1.4 Polyamines ............................................................................................................... 15 1.4.1 Polyamine metabolism in P. falciparum .............................................................. 16 1.4.2 Polyamine transporters ....................................................................................... 18 1.4.3 Polyamine levels during malarial infection .......................................................... 19 1.4.4 Polyamine biosynthetic enzymes as drug targets ............................................... 20 1.4.4.1 The bifunctional PfAdoMetDC/ODC protein .................................................. 23 1.4.4.2 Ornithine decarboxylase ............................................................................... 24 1.4.4.3 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase .......................................................... 25 1.4.4.4 Parasite-specific inserts ................................................................................ 26 1.5 Research aims .......................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: An efficient method for the deletion of parasite-specific inserts in malarial genes ....................................................................................... 30 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Methods .................................................................................................................... 33 2.2.1 Deletion mutagenesis PCR ................................................................................. 33 2.2.1.1 Cloning of genes into pASK-IBA3 ................................................................. 33 2.2.1.2 QuickChange™ site-directed mutagenesis (QCM) ....................................... 33 2.2.1.3 ExSite™ PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis ........................................... 34 2.2.1.4 Overlapping primer method ........................................................................... 34 2.2.1.5 Inverse PCR method ..................................................................................... 34 2.2.1.6 RE-mediated inverse PCR method ............................................................... 34 2.2.1.7 Analysis of mutagenesis products ................................................................. 35 2.2.1.8 Electroporation into DH5α cells ..................................................................... 35 2.2.1.9 Plasmid isolation ........................................................................................... 36 2.2.1.10 Restriction enzyme mapping ......................................................................... 37 2.2.1.11 Nucleotide sequencing .................................................................................. 37 2.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 38 2.3.1 Analysis of mutagenesis products....................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Verification of the RE-mediated inverse PCR method ........................................ 42 Chapter 3: Delineation of the roles of structural features in the PfAdoMetDC parasite-specific inserts on bifunctional activity .............................. 45 3.1 Bifunctional enzymes in P. falciparum ...................................................................... 45 3.2 Parasite-specific inserts in PfAdoMetDC/ODC ......................................................... 46 3.3 Identification of secondary structures ....................................................................... 47 3.3.1 Hydrophobic cluster analysis .............................................................................. 48 I 3.3.2 The roles of secondary structures in protein-protein interactions and motif formation .......................................................................................................... 49 3.3.2.1 α-Helices and protein-protein interactions ..................................................... 49 3.3.2.2 β-Sheets, barrels and turns ........................................................................... 51 3.4 Methods .................................................................................................................... 52 3.4.1 Delineation of structural features within the PfAdoMetDC parasite-specific inserts ............................................................................................................... 52 3.4.2 Nucleotide deletion of the PfAdoMetDC parasite-specific inserts and mutagenesis of delineated areas ..................................................................... 55 3.4.2.1 Cloning of PfAdoMetDC/ODC into pASK-IBA3 ............................................. 55 3.4.2.2 Mutagenesis PCR ......................................................................................... 55 3.4.2.3 Post-PCR manipulations ............................................................................... 56 3.4.2.4 Plasmid isolation and nucleotide sequencing ............................................... 57 3.4.3 Recombinant protein expression and isolation of the mutated PfAdoMetDC/ODC proteins ............................................................................. 57 3.4.3.1 Heat shock transformation ............................................................................ 57 3.4.3.2 Protein expression induction and expression ................................................ 58 3.4.3.3 Isolation of the Strep-tagged recombinant proteins ...................................... 59 3.4.3.4 Protein concentration determination ............................................................. 59 3.4.3.5 SDS-PAGE analysis .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications Daniel Fernández-Villa 1, Maria Rosa Aguilar 1,2 and Luis Rojo 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (D.F.-V.); [email protected] (M.R.A.) 2 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-915-622-900 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications. Keywords: folic acid antagonists; antifolates; antibiotics; antibacterials; immunomodulation; sulfonamides; antimalarial 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Molecular Profiling for Analyzing and Predicting Therapeutic Mechanism, Response, Biomarker and Target
    INTEGRATED MOLECULAR PROFILING FOR ANALYZING AND PREDICTING THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM, RESPONSE, BIOMARKER AND TARGET Jia Jia (B. Sci & M. Sci, Zhejiang University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2010 Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to deeply thank Professor Chen Yu Zong, for his constant encouragement and advice during the entire period of my postgraduate studies. In particular, he has guided me to make my research applicable to the real world problem. This work would not have been possible without his kindness in supporting me to shape up the manuscript for publication. I am also tremendously benefited from his profound knowledge, expertise in scientific research, as well as his enormous support, which will inspire and motivate me to go further in my future professional career. I am also grateful to our BIDD group members for their insight suggestions and collaborations in my research work: Dr. Tang Zhiqun, Ms. Ma Xiaohua, Mr. Zhu Feng, Ms. Liu Xin, Ms. Shi Zhe, Dr. Cui Juan, Mr. Tu Weimin, Dr. Zhang Hailei, Dr. Lin Honghuang, Dr. Liu Xianghui, Dr. Pankaj Kumar, Dr Yap Chun wei, Ms. Wei Xiaona, Ms. Huang Lu, Mr. Zhang Jinxian, Mr. Han Bucong, Mr. Tao Lin, Dr. Wang Rong, Dr. Yan Kun. I thank them for their valuable support and encouragement in my work. Finally, I owe my gratitude to my parents for their forever love, constant support, understanding, encouragement and strength throughout my life. A special appreciation goes to all for love and support. Jia Jia August 2010 I Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Overview of mechanism and strategies of molecular-targeted therapeutics ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Generate Metabolic Map Poster
    Authors: Pallavi Subhraveti Anamika Kothari Quang Ong Ron Caspi An online version of this diagram is available at BioCyc.org. Biosynthetic pathways are positioned in the left of the cytoplasm, degradative pathways on the right, and reactions not assigned to any pathway are in the far right of the cytoplasm. Transporters and membrane proteins are shown on the membrane. Ingrid Keseler Peter D Karp Periplasmic (where appropriate) and extracellular reactions and proteins may also be shown. Pathways are colored according to their cellular function. Csac1394711Cyc: Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium RAAC3_TM7_1 Cellular Overview Connections between pathways are omitted for legibility. Tim Holland TM7C00001G0420 TM7C00001G0109 TM7C00001G0953 TM7C00001G0666 TM7C00001G0203 TM7C00001G0886 TM7C00001G0113 TM7C00001G0247 TM7C00001G0735 TM7C00001G0001 TM7C00001G0509 TM7C00001G0264 TM7C00001G0176 TM7C00001G0342 TM7C00001G0055 TM7C00001G0120 TM7C00001G0642 TM7C00001G0837 TM7C00001G0101 TM7C00001G0559 TM7C00001G0810 TM7C00001G0656 TM7C00001G0180 TM7C00001G0742 TM7C00001G0128 TM7C00001G0831 TM7C00001G0517 TM7C00001G0238 TM7C00001G0079 TM7C00001G0111 TM7C00001G0961 TM7C00001G0743 TM7C00001G0893 TM7C00001G0630 TM7C00001G0360 TM7C00001G0616 TM7C00001G0162 TM7C00001G0006 TM7C00001G0365 TM7C00001G0596 TM7C00001G0141 TM7C00001G0689 TM7C00001G0273 TM7C00001G0126 TM7C00001G0717 TM7C00001G0110 TM7C00001G0278 TM7C00001G0734 TM7C00001G0444 TM7C00001G0019 TM7C00001G0381 TM7C00001G0874 TM7C00001G0318 TM7C00001G0451 TM7C00001G0306 TM7C00001G0928 TM7C00001G0622 TM7C00001G0150 TM7C00001G0439 TM7C00001G0233 TM7C00001G0462 TM7C00001G0421 TM7C00001G0220 TM7C00001G0276 TM7C00001G0054 TM7C00001G0419 TM7C00001G0252 TM7C00001G0592 TM7C00001G0628 TM7C00001G0200 TM7C00001G0709 TM7C00001G0025 TM7C00001G0846 TM7C00001G0163 TM7C00001G0142 TM7C00001G0895 TM7C00001G0930 Detoxification Carbohydrate Biosynthesis DNA combined with a 2'- di-trans,octa-cis a 2'- Amino Acid Degradation an L-methionyl- TM7C00001G0190 superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (E.
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Slowing of Metabolism in Enteric Bacteria Under Nitrogen
    Coordinated Slowing of Metabolism in Enteric Bacteria under Nitrogen Limitation: A Perspective Ned S. Wingreen NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way Princeton, New Jersey 08540 and Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Sydney Kustu Department of Plant Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract It is natural to ask how bacteria coordinate metabolism when depletion of an essential nutrient limits their growth, and they must slow their entire rate of biosyn- thesis. A major nutrient with a fluctuating abundance is nitrogen. The growth rate of enteric bacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions is known to correlate with the internal concentration of free glutamine, the glutamine pool. Here we compare the patterns of utilization of L-glutamine and L-glutamate, the two central inter- mediates of nitrogen metabolism. Monomeric precursors of all of the cell’s macro- molecules – proteins, nucleic acids, and surface polymers – require the amide group of glutamine at the first dedicated step of biosynthesis. This is the case even though only a minority (∼12%) of total cell nitrogen derives from glutamine. In contrast, the amino group of glutamate, which provides the remainder of cell nitrogen, is arXiv:physics/0110037v1 [physics.bio-ph] 12 Oct 2001 generally required late in biosynthetic pathways, e.g. in transaminase reactions for amino acid synthesis. We propose that the pattern of glutamine dependence coor- dinates the decrease in biosynthesis under conditions of nitrogen limitation. Hence, the glutamine pool plays a global regulatory role in the cell. 1 INTRODUCTION Enteric bacteria are notable for their varying environment.
    [Show full text]
  • DHFR Inhibitors: Reading the Past for Discovering Novel Anticancer Agents
    molecules Review DHFR Inhibitors: Reading the Past for Discovering Novel Anticancer Agents Maria Valeria Raimondi 1,*,† , Ornella Randazzo 1,†, Mery La Franca 1 , Giampaolo Barone 1 , Elisa Vignoni 2, Daniela Rossi 2 and Simona Collina 2,* 1 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] (O.R.); [email protected] (M.L.F.); [email protected] (G.B.) 2 Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (E.V.); [email protected] (D.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.V.R.); [email protected] (S.C.); Tel.: +390-912-389-1915 (M.V.R.); +390-382-987-379 (S.C.) † These Authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editors: Simona Collina and Mariarosaria Miloso Received: 25 February 2019; Accepted: 20 March 2019; Published: 22 March 2019 Abstract: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors are an important class of drugs, as evidenced by their use as antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Progress in understanding the biochemical basis of mechanisms responsible for enzyme selectivity and antiproliferative effects has renewed the interest in antifolates for cancer chemotherapy and prompted the medicinal chemistry community to develop novel and selective human DHFR inhibitors, thus leading to a new generation of DHFR inhibitors. This work summarizes the mechanism of action, chemical, and anticancer profile of the DHFR inhibitors discovered in the last six years. New strategies in DHFR drug discovery are also provided, in order to thoroughly delineate the current landscape for medicinal chemists interested in furthering this study in the anticancer field.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Characterization of Folate Precursor Paba Uncovers Its Folate Independent Activity on Root Growth of Arabidopsis Thaliana
    Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau Metabolic characterization of folate precursor pABA uncovers its folate independent activity on root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana . Philip Kochersperger Institut für Biologie II (Botanik) September 2011 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Gunther Neuhaus Promotionsvorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Samuel Rossel Betreuer der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. Klaus Palme und Dr. Franck Ditengou Kogutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Laux Drittprüfer: Prof. Dr. Ralf Reski Tag der Verkündigung des Prüfungsergebnisses: 04.05.2012 2 I Table of contents I Table of contents ...................................................................................................... 3 II Figure index ............................................................................................................. 6 III Table index ............................................................................................................. 6 IV Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 7 V Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch ............................................................................ 11 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Folates are essential cofactors for almost all living organisms .......................
    [Show full text]
  • PRT6/At5g02310 Encodes an Arabidopsis Ubiquitin Ligase of the N-End Rule Pathway with Arginine Specificity and Is Not the CER3 Locus
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector FEBS Letters 581 (2007) 3189–3196 PRT6/At5g02310 encodes an Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway with arginine specificity and is not the CER3 locus Marcus Garzo´na, Karolin Eiflera, Andrea Faustb, Hartmut Scheelc, Kay Hofmannc, Csaba Koncza, Alexander Yephremovb, Andreas Bachmaira,* a Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne´-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany b Department of Molecular Plant Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne´-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany c Bioinformatics Group, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Stockheimer Weg 1, D-50829 Cologne, Germany Received 10 May 2007; revised 4 June 2007; accepted 5 June 2007 Available online 12 June 2007 Edited by Ulf-Ingo Flu¨gge mini of cellular proteins, do not target these proteins for deg- Abstract The eukaryotic N-end rule pathway mediates ubiqui- tin- and proteasome-dependent turnover of proteins with a bulky radation. Substrates of the eukaryotic N-end rule pathway amino-terminal residue. Arabidopsis locus At5g02310 shows sig- include components of NO signaling in animals [11], and pro- nificant similarity to the yeast N-end rule ligase Ubr1. We dem- teins important for pathogen defense and senescence in plants onstrate that At5g02310 is a ubiquitin ligase and mediates [12,13]. degradation of proteins with amino-terminal Arg residue. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to have a single ubiqui- Ubr1, the Arabidopsis protein does not participate in degrada- tin ligase devoted to the N-end rule, termed Ubr1 [14], whereas tion of proteins with amino-terminal Phe or Leu.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Translation by One-Carbon Metabolism in Bacteria
    REVIEWS Regulation of translation by one-carbon metabolism in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles Received for publication, May 12, 2020, and in revised form, November 15, 2020 Published, Papers in Press, November 16, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV120.011985 Sunil Shetty1 and Umesh Varshney2,3,* From the 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 2Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; 3Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Studies, Jakkur, Bangalore, India Edited by Karin Musier-Forsyth Protein synthesis is an energetically costly cellular activity. It also employed as antibiotics. The sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) is therefore important that the process of mRNA translation such as sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) and sulfamethoxazole remains in excellent synchrony with cellular metabolism and its (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) are perhaps the most promi- energy reserves. Unregulated translation could lead to the pro- nent examples of OCM inhibitors (3). Interestingly, treatment of duction of incomplete, mistranslated, or misfolded proteins, Escherichia coli with TMP inhibited translation within 15 min squandering the energy needed for cellular sustenance and (4). Supplementation of the growth media with the products of causing cytotoxicity. One-carbon metabolism (OCM), an inte- OCM such as methionine, purines, and thymidine could not gral part of cellular intermediary metabolism, produces a num- rescue translation in the presence of TMP, indicating a direct ber of one-carbon unit intermediates (formyl, methylene, contribution of OCM in translation (5, 6). Unfortunately, methenyl, methyl). These OCM intermediates are required for resistance to sulfa drugs arose rapidly (7). However, recent the production of amino acids such as methionine and other studies have shown that OCM inhibitors could serve as effective biomolecules such as purines, thymidylate, and redox regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metabolic Building Blocks of a Minimal Cell Supplementary
    The metabolic building blocks of a minimal cell Mariana Reyes-Prieto, Rosario Gil, Mercè Llabrés, Pere Palmer and Andrés Moya Supplementary material. Table S1. List of enzymes and reactions modified from Gabaldon et. al. (2007). n.i.: non identified. E.C. Name Reaction Gil et. al. 2004 Glass et. al. 2006 number 2.7.1.69 phosphotransferase system glc + pep → g6p + pyr PTS MG041, 069, 429 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase g6p ↔ f6p PGI MG111 2.7.1.11 6-phosphofructokinase f6p + atp → fbp + adp PFK MG215 4.1.2.13 fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase fbp ↔ gdp + dhp FBA MG023 5.3.1.1 triose-phosphate isomerase gdp ↔ dhp TPI MG431 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate gdp + nad + p ↔ bpg + 1.2.1.12 GAP MG301 dehydrogenase nadh 2.7.2.3 phosphoglycerate kinase bpg + adp ↔ 3pg + atp PGK MG300 5.4.2.1 phosphoglycerate mutase 3pg ↔ 2pg GPM MG430 4.2.1.11 enolase 2pg ↔ pep ENO MG407 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase pep + adp → pyr + atp PYK MG216 1.1.1.27 lactate dehydrogenase pyr + nadh ↔ lac + nad LDH MG460 1.1.1.94 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase dhp + nadh → g3p + nad GPS n.i. 2.3.1.15 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase g3p + pal → mag PLSb n.i. 2.3.1.51 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate mag + pal → dag PLSc MG212 acyltransferase 2.7.7.41 phosphatidate cytidyltransferase dag + ctp → cdp-dag + pp CDS MG437 cdp-dag + ser → pser + 2.7.8.8 phosphatidylserine synthase PSS n.i. cmp 4.1.1.65 phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pser → peta PSD n.i.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of the Nodule Transcriptomes of Ceanothus Thyrsiflorus (Rhamnaceae, Rosales) and Datisca Glomerata (Datiscaceae, Cucurbitales)
    fpls-09-01629 November 12, 2018 Time: 18:56 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01629 Comparative Analysis of the Nodule Transcriptomes of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Rhamnaceae, Rosales) and Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae, Cucurbitales) Marco G. Salgado1, Robin van Velzen2, Thanh Van Nguyen1, Kai Battenberg3, Alison M. Berry3, Daniel Lundin4,5 and Katharina Pawlowski1* 1 Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States, 4 Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden, 5 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Edited by: Stefan de Folter, Two types of nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses are known, rhizobial and actinorhizal Centro de Investigación y de Estudios symbioses. The latter involve plants of three orders, Fagales, Rosales, and Cucurbitales. Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico To understand the diversity of plant symbiotic adaptation, we compared the nodule Reviewed by: Luis Wall, transcriptomes of Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae, Cucurbitales) and Ceanothus Universidad Nacional de Quilmes thyrsiflorus (Rhamnaceae, Rosales); both species are nodulated by members of the (UNQ), Argentina Costas Delis, uncultured Frankia clade, cluster II. The analysis focused on various features. In Technological Educational Institute both species, the expression of orthologs of legume Nod factor receptor genes of Peloponnese, Greece was elevated in nodules compared to roots. Since arginine has been postulated as *Correspondence: export form of fixed nitrogen from symbiotic Frankia in nodules of D. glomerata, the Katharina Pawlowski [email protected] question was whether the nitrogen metabolism was similar in nodules of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Analytics and Metabolism of Folate
    cess Pro ing d & o o T F e c f h o Verma et al., J Food Process Technol 2015, 7:1 n l o a l n o DOI: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000536 r Journal of Food g u y o J Processing & Technology ISSN: 2157-7110 Review Article Open Access Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Analytics and Metabolism of Folate in Plants Ashok Verma K1,3*, Akhilesh Pandey K1 and Neeraj Dubey K2 1Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Newe-Yaar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel 3Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, India Abstract In one carbon reaction, tetrahydrofolate works as cofactor for the synthesis of glycine, serine, methionine, purines and thymidylate. Folate or vitamin B9 is not synthesized in humans therefore plants are the main source of this essential vitamin. Deficiency of vitamin B9 may cause severe health consequences like birth defects, megaloblastic anemia, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, etc. To recover folate intake worldwide in the daily diet it is essential to engineer genetically universal food plants with intrinsic capacity to synthesize folate. In this review, we have precised recent advances in determination, biosynthesis enzymes, transport and compartmentation of folate. Keywords: Folate; Chemical analysis; Biosynthesis; Plant reduction in the biosynthesis of cells in the bone marrow results in the metabolism; Compartmentation; Transport development of megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in infants (such as spina bifida and anencephaly), increased
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Proteomic Analysis Applied for Study of Morphogenic Competence During Somatic Embryogenesis in Sugarcane
    COMPARATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS APPLIED FOR STUDY OF MORPHOGENIC COMPETENCE DURING SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN SUGARCANE ANGELO SCHUABB HERINGER UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO – UENF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ OUTUBRO – 2016 COMPARATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS APPLIED FOR STUDY OF MORPHOGENIC COMPETENCE DURING SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN SUGARCANE ANGELO SCHUABB HERINGER “Tese apresentada ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas.” Orientador: Prof. Dr. Vanildo Silveira CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ OUTUBRO – 2016 COMPARATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS APPLIED FOR STUDY OF MORPHOGENIC COMPETENCE DURING SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN SUGARCANE ANGELO SCHUABB HERINGER “Tese apresentada ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas.” Aprovada em 25 de outubro de 2016. Comissão Examinadora: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. (D.Sc., Fitotecnia) Virginia Silva Carvalho– UENF _________________________________________________________________ Prof. (D.Sc., Ciências Biológicas) Valdirene Moreira Gomes – UENF _________________________________________________________________ Prof. (D.Sc.,Ciências Biológicas) Miguel Pedro Guerra– UFSC _________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]