DOCSLIB.ORG

Gregory of Nazianzus Five Theological Orations Translated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gregory of Nazianzus Five Theological Orations Translated Gregory of Nazianzus Five Theological Orations Translated with an introduction and notes by Stephen Reynolds ©Estate of Stephen Reynolds 2011 The Rev'd Dr. Stephen Reynolds 1951-2011 ii This translation was produced for students in the well-known course “Three Personed-God”, which Stephen Reynolds taught in the Faculty of Divinity at Trinity College six times between 2001 and 2009. David Neelands, Dean of Divinity, Trinity College iii Table of Contents Introduction v The First Theological Oration, Preliminary Discourse 1 The Second Theological Oration, On Theology 13 The Third Theological Oration, On the Son, 1 45 The Fourth Theological Oration, On the Son, 2 71 The Fifth Theological Oration, On the Holy Spirit 97 iv Introduction REGORY of Nazianzus (330 – 389) has been treated as one of the brightest stars in the G firmament of the Christian tradition. The Orthodox name him “The Theologian”1 – a title they accord only one other, St John the Apostle and Evangelist – and honour him with two feast- days, January 25th and January 30th. The western Catholic tradition has ranked him among “the Four Doctors of the Eastern Church”2 and honoured him on May 9th. (When the Roman Catholic church revised its Calendar in 1969, Gregory was joined with Basil the Great in a single memorial on January 2nd.3) In spite of these accolades, Gregory has not received anything like the attention that western scholars have devoted to other ancient writers. This is especially true in the English-speaking world. Until recently, the only major modern study of Gregory in English is Rosemary Radford Ruether’s Gregory of Nazianzus: Rhetor and Philosopher (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969). Ms Ruether has since moved on to other issues. This work is still well worth consulting, but it has now been supplanted by a full-scale, even magisterial study: John McGuckin’s Saint Gregory of Nazianzus. An Intellectual Biography (Crestwood, N.Y.: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001). The standard English translation of Gregory’s Five Theological Orations has been the one produced by Charles Gordon Browne and James Edward Swallow for the Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, volume 7 (1893). I have used this translation in the past, but with mounting misgivings. So, for this course*, I went back to the Greek text and began to revise Browne and Swallow’s version. It turned out to be a major undertaking. Browne and Swallow produced a truly awful translation – it is so literal as to be incomprehensible as English, and at many others points it is not only inaccurate but downright wrong. In my revision, I have used The Five Theological Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus, ed. Arthur James Mason (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899); and besides the Greek text there established, it will be clear that I have been heavily indebted to Mason’s notes on the text. I have also consulted the French translation 1 The title is meant in the strictest possible sense: Gregory defended the divinity (theo-) of the Word (logos) who became flesh (cf. John 1.1-14). 2 The other three are Basil the Great, John Chrysostom, and Cyril of Alexandria. “The Four Doctors of the Western Church” are Ambrose of Milan, Augustine of Hippo, Jerome, and Gregory the Great. Doctor, of course, is the Latin word for “teacher” – as in the BAS designation, “Teacher of the Faith”. 3 In the Calendar of the Anglican Church of Canada’s Book of Common Prayer (1962), Gregory is to be commemorated on the traditional western date, May 9th. The Calendar of the church’s Book of Alternative Services (1985) adopted the new Roman usage and appoints Gregory’s memorial, with Basil the Great, on January 2nd. Basil died on January 1st in 379; the Orthodox continue to honour him, alone, on that date. In the Roman Calendar of 1969, however, January 1st is now the Solemnity of Mary the Mother of God; the BAS Calendar made the same date the festival of the Baptism of the Lord. Since feasts of our Lord (and, in the mentalité of Roman Catholicism, any feast of our Lady is tantamount to a feast of our Lord) take precedence over all other festivals, the memorial of Basil and Gregory had to be postponed by one day. v produced by Paul Gallay in the Sources chrétiennes series, No. 250 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1978). Again, Gallay’s annotations, though less detailed than Mason’s, have been very helpful. vi The First Theological Oration (Oration 27) Preliminary Discourse against the Disciples of Eunomius Y argument is addressed to those who take pride in their own eloquence M – so, to begin with a text of Scripture: I am against you, O arrogant one,1 not only in your system of teaching, but also in the way you hear things, and in your cast of mind. For the ears and tongues of certain persons – and not only their ears and tongues but also (I now see) even their hands – are eager to scratch at our words.2 They are people who delight in profane chatter, and in paradoxes of pseudo-knowledge, and in wranglings over words, which tend to no profit.3 For thus does Paul, the preacher and establisher of the Word cut short,4 the disciple and teacher of the fishermen,5 1 Jeremiah 50.31. 2 Cf. 2 Timothy 4.3-4: “For the time is coming when people will not put up with sound doctrine, but having itching ears, they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own desires, and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander away to myths.” 3 Cf. 2 Timothy 2.14b, 16: “Warn them before God that they are to avoid wrangling over words, which does no good but only ruins those who are listening…. Avoid profane chatter, for it will lead people into more and more impiety.” 4 Cf. Romans 9.28: “For the Lord will finish his work and cut it short in righteousness, because the Lord will make the sentence shortened on the earth.” 5 In Gregory’s view, Paul was the “disciple” of Simon Peter and John (“the fishermen”) in the sense that he followed or came after them. Paul was also “the teacher” (or “master”) of “the fishermen” not only in the sense that he trained Timothy and Titus, who as his companions and fellow- workers fulfilled the apostolic mission of “fishing for people” (cf. Mark 1.17), but in the sense that he rebuked Peter for not being “straightforward about the truth of the gospel” (Galatians 2.11-14). 1 Gregory of Nazianzus call all that is excessive or superfluous in discourse. But as to those to whom we refer, would that they, whose tongue is so voluble and clever in applying itself to noble and approved language, would likewise pay some attention to actions. For then perhaps in a little while they would become less sophistical, and less strange and astonishing as word-tumblers, if I may use a ridiculous expression about ridiculous behaviour.6 § 2. But since they neglect every path of righteousness, and look only to this one point, namely, which of the propositions submitted to them they shall bind or loose, (like those persons who in the theatres perform wrestling matches in public, but not that kind of wrestling in which the victory is won according to the rules of the sport, but a kind to deceive the eyes of those who are ignorant in such matters, and to catch applause), and every marketplace must buzz with their talking; and every dinner party be made tedious with silly talk and mind-numbing conversation; and every festival be made unfestive and full of dejection, and every occasion of mourning be consoled by a greater calamity – their questions – and all the women’s apartments accustomed to simplicity be thrown into confusion and be robbed of its flower of modesty by the torrent of their words. This being the case, the evil is intolerable and not to be borne, and our Great Mystery is in danger of being made a thing of little moment. Well then, let these spies bear with us, moved as we are with parental compassion, and as holy Jeremiah says, torn in our hearts;7 let them bear with us so far as not to give a savage reception to our discourse upon this subject; and let them, if indeed they can, restrain their tongues for a short while and lend us their ears. However that may be, you shall at any rate suffer no loss. For either we shall have spoken in the ears of those that will hear,8 and our words will bear some fruit, namely an advantage to you (since the Sower sows the Word upon every kind of mind;9 and the good and fertile bears fruit), or else you will depart despising this discourse of ours as you have despised others, and having drawn from it further material for gainsaying and railing at us, upon which to feast yourselves yet more. And you must not be astonished if I speak a language which is strange to you and contrary to your custom, who profess to know everything and to 6 Gregory is comparing the Eunomians with the kind of cir-cus-performers who “tumble,” i.e. do gymnastic tricks – but with words and concepts. 7 Cf. Jeremiah 4.19. 8 Cf. Mark 4.9, 23: “Let anyone with ears to hear listen!” 9 Mark 4.14. 2 Theological Orations 1 teach everything in too audacious and high-flying a manner – not to irk you by saying ignorant and rash.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rosemary Radford Ruether's Jesus: an Iconoclastic Liberator
    TTJ 11.1 (2008): 117-129 ISSN 1598-7140 Rosemary Radford Ruether’s Jesus: An Iconoclastic Liberator Miyon Chung Torch Trinity Graduate School of Theology, Korea The integrity of the Christian tradition is indisputably grounded upon the person and work of Jesus Christ. The meaning of the Chris- tian confession that “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever,”1 however, has produced exceedingly diverse interpretations for theological methods and content.2 With the arrival of feminist theo- logians in the middle of the twentieth century, the very credibility of the Christian tradition was retested for its content and relevance based on their insistence that there exists an inseparable causal relationship between gender experience, theological interpretations, and praxis.3 Spe- cifically, feminist theologians argue that orthodox Christology reflects predominantly androcentric patriarchal ideology and therefore has failed to communicate Jesus’ iconoclastic, subversive teaching and life against status systems, especially within religious communities. They, therefore, claim that “the Christ symbol must be reconstructed so that all who engage it may find in it a source of human liberation.”4 1. Heb 13:8 (NIV). 2. See, for example, Jaroslav Pelikan, Jesus Through the Centuries: His Place in the History of Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985). 3. Ann Loades, “Introduction,” in Feminist Theology: A Reader, ed. A. Loades (London: SPCK, 1990), 3. See also Ann Carr, “Is a Christian Feminist Theology Possible?,” Theological Studies 45 (1982): 295. 4. Maryanne Stevens, “Introduction,” in Reconstructing the Christ Symbol: Essays in Feminist Christology (New York: Paulist, 1993), 1. It should be noted that analyzing feminist methodologies of biblical hermeneutics and theology is almost impossible: because of “the overwhelming diversities.” But they do have a consistent starting point, the experience of oppression, and a goal which is liberation for all.
    [Show full text]
  • The Homilies of John Chrysostom
    366 Tsamakda Chapter 25 The Homilies of John Chrysostom Vasiliki Tsamakda The Author and His Work St John Chrysostom (c.347-407) was the most important Father of the Orthodox Church. Archbishop of Constantinople from 398 to 404, he was officially recog- nized as a Doctor of the Orthodox Church by the Council of Chalcedon in 4511 due to his vast and important theological writings.2 He was the most produc- tive among the Church Fathers, with over 1,500 works written by, or ascribed to him. His name was firmly associated with the Liturgy, but above all he was appreciated for his numerous sermons and as an extraordinary preacher. From the 6th century on he was called Chrysostomos, the “golden mouthed”. The fact that over 7,000 manuscripts including his writings exist, attests to the impor- tance and great distribution of his works, many of which were translated into other languages. The great majority of them date after the Iconoclasm. The homilies of John Chrysostom were read during the Service of the Matins (Orthros) mainly in Byzantine monasteries. They were transmitted in various collections or series from which only a few were selected for illustration. Illustrated homilies of John Chrysostom The exact number of illustrated manuscripts containing Chrysostomic ser- mons is unknown,3 but their number is extremely low in view of the very rich 1 The translation of his relics to Constantinople and their deposition in the Church of the Holy Apostles marks the beginning of his cult in Byzantium. The Orthodox Church commemorates him on 27 January, 13 November and also on 30 January together with the other two Cappadocian Fathers, Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus.
    [Show full text]
  • "Breaking Ground" a Look at the Impact of the Cappadocian Fathers on the Establishment of the Doctrine of the Holy
    Verbum Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 11 December 2009 "Breaking Ground" A look at the Impact of the Cappadocian Fathers on the Establishment of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit During the Transition Between the Council of Nigeria (325) and the Council of Constantinople (381). Frederick J. Flo St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum Part of the Religion Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Flo, Frederick J. (2009) ""Breaking Ground" A look at the Impact of the Cappadocian Fathers on the Establishment of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit During the Transition Between the Council of Nigeria (325) and the Council of Constantinople (381).," Verbum: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 11. Available at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol7/iss1/11 This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol7/iss1/11 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Breaking Ground" A look at the Impact of the Cappadocian Fathers on the Establishment of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit During the Transition Between the Council of Nigeria (325) and the Council of Constantinople (381). Abstract In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "At the center of Christian dogma lies the worship of the Holy Trinity. Naturally, with every central focus comes controversy. Throughout history, the interpretation of the Trinity has created a tremendous amount of debate.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosemary Radford Ruether
    Rosemary Radford Ruether Program Theme: ‘Celebrating Freedom, Humanity, & Unity’ Mistress of Ceremonies: Gayle Claiborne Keynote Speaker: Rosemary Radford Ruether - Congregational Song “Lift Every Voice and Sing” Lead by Sasha Jones & Pianist Bryan Brown - Greeting Reverend Beth Bingham - Pilgrim Congregational Church - Responsive Reading A Litany from the words of Martin Luther King Jr., Led by Rev. Gary Lett - A Look Back Memories of the Movement - Rabbi Zev-Hayyim Feyer - Musical Section Kingdom Bound of Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church, Pomona - Introduction of Keynote Speaker Sherie Rodgers - Vice President, MLK, Jr., Project - Musical Section The Licata Brothers of Arcadia - Keynote Message Rosemary Radford Ruether, Visiting Professor at Claremont School of Theology & Claremont Graduate Unv. - The Offering and Imam Jihad Turk, President of Bayan Claremont Islamic Graduate School Blessing over the Offering The Offering today supports the Youth Social Justice Award - Musical Section The Licata Brothers of Arcadia -Youth Social Justice Awards Princess Njuguna, 2009 Winner to Announce the 2015 Winners - Benediction Rabbi Zev-Hayyim Feyer - Congregational / Recessional “We Shall Overcome” Led by Rev Gary Lett (Please Exit to the Reception Hall) - Reception The Reception is hosted by the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) 33rd Annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Birthday Celebration & Youth Social Justice Awards 1 Page Pomona Inland Valley Martin Luther King Jr. Project Members Board of Directors − Gayle Claiborne, President − Sherie Rodgers, Vice President − Dawn Weber, Incoming Treasurer − Rabbi Zev-Hayyim Feyer, Outgoing Treasurer − Tonisha Rowan, Secretary Committee Members − Maggie Green − Rev. Gary Lett − National Council of Negro Women, Pomona Valley Section − Paula Lantz, Council member City of Pomona − Christina Carrizosa, Council member City of Pomona Area which is covered : Alta Loma, Ontario, Claremont, Diamond Bar, La Verne, Pomona, San Dimas, Walnut, Chino, Chino Hills, Montclair, Rancho Cucamonga, Fontana and Upland.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Origins of Christianity. Book III. Saint Paul
    The History of the Origins of Christianity. Book III. Saint Paul. Author(s): Renan, Joseph Ernest (1823-1892). Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: This book belongs to a seven-volume series, the first of which, Life of Jesus, is the most famous (or infamous). Saint Paul, the third volume, covers the life, conversion, missionary journeys, and death of Paul the Apostle. Comparing the events documented in the Book of Acts to other ancient sources, the historian concludes that the dates and places mentioned in Acts are historically accurate. Renan's account reflects his background in 19th century German higher criti- cism of the Bible. Kathleen O'Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Christianity History By period Early and medieval i Contents Title Page 1 Introduction 2 Chapter I. First Journey of Paul—The Cyprus Mission. 27 Chapter II. Continuation of the First Journey of Paul—The Galatian Mission. 34 Chapter III. First Affair in Regard to Circumcision. 43 Chapter IV. Slow Propagation of Christianity: Its Introduction at Rome. 56 Chapter V. Second Journey of Paul—Another Sojourn at Galatia. 62 Chapter VI. Continuation of the Second Journey of Paul—The Macedonian Mission. 68 Chapter VII. Continuation of the Second Journey of Paul—Paul at Athens. 78 Chapter VIII. Continuation of the Second Journey of Paul—First Sojourn at Corinth. 92 Chapter IX. Continuation of the Second Journey of Paul—First Epistles—Interior 97 Condition of the New Churches. Chapter X. Return of Paul to Antioch—Quarrel Between Peter and 112 Paul—Counter-Mission Organised by James, Brother of the Lord.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa
    Durham E-Theses Language and theology in St Gregory of Nyssa Neamµu, Mihail G. How to cite: Neamµu, Mihail G. (2002) Language and theology in St Gregory of Nyssa, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4187/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk University of Durham Faculty of Arts Department of Theology The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa Mihail G. Neamtu St John's College September 2002 M.A. in Theological Research Supervisor: Prof Andrew Louth This dissertation is the product of my own work, and the work of others has been properly acknowledged throughout. Mihail Neamtu Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa MA (Research) Thesis, September 2002 Abstract This MA thesis focuses on the work of one of the most influential and authoritative theologians of the early Church: St Gregory of Nyssa (f396).
    [Show full text]
  • The Ways of Byzantine Philosophy
    The Ways of Byzantine Philosophy The Ways of Byzantine Philosophy Edited by Mikonja Knežević Sebastian Press Alhambra, California The ways of Byzantine philosophy / Mikonja Knežević, editor. — Alham- bra, California : Sebastian Press, Western American Diocese of the Ser- bian Orthodox Church, Faculty of Philosophy, Kosovska Mitrovica, 2015. 476 pages ; 23 cm. (Contemporary Christian thought series ; no. 32) ISBN: 978-1-936773-25-1 1. Philosophy—Byzantine Empire. 2. Philosophy, Ancient. 3. Philosophy, Medieval. 4. Christian philosophy. 5. Christianity—Philosophy. 6. Ortho- dox Eastern Church—Byzantine Empire—Doctrines—History. 7. Ortho- dox Eastern Church—Theology. 8. Philosophy and religion—Byzantine Empire. 9. Theologians—Byzantine Empire. 10. Christian saints—Byzan- tine Empire—Philosophy. 11. Byzantine empire—Church history. 12. Byzantine empire—Civilization. I. Knežević, Mikonja, 1978– II. Series. Contents Georgi Kapriev Philosophy in Byzantium and Byzantine Philosophy .....................1 Dušan Krcunović Hexaemeral Anthropology of St. Gregory of Nyssa: “Unarmed Man” (ἄοπλος ὁ ἄνθρωπος) ................................9 Torstein Theodor Tollefsen St. Gregory the Theologian on Divine Energeia in Trinitarian Generation ..........................................25 Ilaria L. E. Ramelli Proclus and Christian Neoplatonism: Two Case Studies . 37 Dmitry Birjukov Hierarchies of Beings in the Patristic Thought. Gregory of Nyssa and Dionysius the Areopagite ........................71 Johannes Zachhuber Christology after Chalcedon and the Transformation of the Philosophical Tradition: Reflections on a neglected topic . 89 José María Nieva Anthropology of Conversion in Dionysius the Areopagite . 111 Filip Ivanović Eros as a Divine Name in Dionysius the Areopagite . 123 Basil Lourié Leontius of Byzantium and His “Theory of Graphs” against John Philoponus ..........................................143 i Vladimir Cvetković The Transformation of Neoplatonic Philosophical Notions of Procession (proodos) and Conversion (epistrophe) in the Thought of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Dositheos Notaras, the Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669-1707), Confronts the Challenges of Modernity
    IN SEARCH OF A CONFESSIONAL IDENTITY: DOSITHEOS NOTARAS, THE PATRIARCH OF JERUSALEM (1669-1707), CONFRONTS THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher George Rene IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser Theofanis G. Stavrou SEPTEMBER 2020 © Christopher G Rene, September 2020 i Acknowledgements Without the steadfast support of my teachers, family and friends this dissertation would not have been possible, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to express my deep debt of gratitude and thank them all. I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, who together guided me through to the completion of this dissertation. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou provided a resourceful outlet by helping me navigate through administrative channels and stay on course academically. Moreover, he fostered an inviting space for parrhesia with vigorous dialogue and intellectual tenacity on the ideas of identity, modernity, and the role of Patriarch Dositheos. It was in fact Professor Stavrou who many years ago at a Slavic conference broached the idea of an Orthodox Commonwealth that inspired other academics and myself to pursue the topic. Professor Carla Phillips impressed upon me the significance of daily life among the people of Europe during the early modern period (1450-1800). As Professor Phillips’ teaching assistant for a number of years, I witnessed lectures that animated the historical narrative and inspired students to question their own unique sense of historical continuity and discontinuities. Thank you, Professor Phillips, for such a pedagogical example.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Cities & Islands of Asia Minor
    MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB .
    [Show full text]
  • Geç Antik Dönem'de Kapadokya'da Kentler
    GEÇ ANTİK DÖNEM’DE KAPADOKYA’DA KENTLER Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Erpek, C. (2020). Geç Antik Dönem’de Kapadokya’da Geliş Tarihi: 28.09.2020 Kentler. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Kabul Tarihi: 12.10.2020 Dergisi, 10(2), 642-657. E-ISSN: 2149-3871 DOI: 10.30783/nevsosbilen.801202 Can Erpek Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sanat Tarihi Bölümü [email protected] ORCID No: 1.0000-0002-2096-0725 ÖZ Kapadokya Bölgesi’nin Geç Antik Çağ’ına ilişkin yazılı belgeler günümüze ulaşmış olmakla birlikte, bu döneme ait arkeolojik kalıntı birkaç kent dışında yok denecek kadar azdır. Dönemin önemli şehirlerinden günümüze neredeyse hiçbir arkeolojik kalıntı ulaşmamıştır. Dönem kaynaklarından yola çıkılarak kentlerin Geç Antik Çağ’daki durumları hakkında bazı bilgiler edinilebilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar ile lokalizasyonu yapılabilen yerleşimler genel olarak köy bazen de kasaba ölçeğini geçmezler. Bu çalışmada Geç Antik Çağ’ın Anadolu’daki yerleşimlerinin durumları genel olarak ele alındıktan sonra, aynı dönemde Kapadokya’daki kent yerleşimleri incelenmiştir. Yerleşim yerlerinin tespitinde dönem kaynakları ve modern dönem çalışmalarından faydalanılmıştır. Kapadokya Bölgesi’nde bu döneme ait kalıntıların günümüze ulaştığı üç yerleşim yeri özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Bunlardan Mokissos ve Tyana kent statüsüne sahip, başkentlik yapmış yerleşim yerleriyken, Sobesos daha küçük ölçekli bir piskoposluk merkezidir. Özellikle Kemerhisar’da (Tyana) gerçekleştirilen kazılar ile Helvadere (Mokissos) ve Şahinefendi’de (Sobesos) gerçekleştirilecek arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları bölgenin Geç Antik Çağ yerleşimleri hakkında daha detaylı bilgi edinilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayacaktır. Çalışma Kapadokya’ya has bir kurum olan “Comes Domorum Per Cappadociam” ın anlaşılmasında bir ön çalışma olarak düşünülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kapadokya, Geç Antik Çağ, Bizans Sanatı.
    [Show full text]
  • Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria Jonathan Stephen Morgan Marquette University
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria Jonathan Stephen Morgan Marquette University Recommended Citation Morgan, Jonathan Stephen, "Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria" (2013). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 277. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/277 CIRCUMCISION OF THE SPIRIT IN THE SOTERIOLOGY OF CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA by Jonathan S. Morgan, B.S., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2013 ABSTRACT CIRCUMCISION OF THE SPIRIT IN THE SOTERIOLOGY OF CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA Jonathan S. Morgan, B.S., M.A. Marquette University, 2013 In this dissertation I argue that Cyril of Alexandria’s interpretation of “spiritual circumcision” provides invaluable insight into his complex doctrine of salvation. Spiritual Circumcision – or Circumcision by the Spirit -- is a recurring theme throughout his extensive body of exegetical literature, which was written before the Nestorian controversy (428). When Cyril considers the meaning and scope of circumcision, he recognizes it as a type that can describe a range of salvific effects. For him, circumcision functions as a unifying concept that ties together various aspects of salvation such as purification, sanctification, participation, and freedom. Soteriology, however, can only be understood in relation to other doctrines. Thus, Cyril’s discussions of circumcision often include correlative areas of theology such as hamartiology and Trinitarian thought. In this way, Cyril’s discussions on circumcision convey what we are saved from, as well as the Trinitarian agency of our salvation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
    The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]