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Respiratory System Organs Respiratory System Organs Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2013 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Com- mons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: November 20, 2013 www.ck12.org Concept 1. Respiratory System Organs CONCEPT 1 Respiratory System Organs • Identify the parts of the respiratory system. What are the organs that help you breathe? When you think of the processes of breathing, the lungs probably come to mind. The lungs are the main organ of the respiratory system. However, many other organs are also needed for the process of respiration to take place. Organs of The Respiratory System Your respiratory system is made up of the tissues and organs that allow oxygen to enter your body and carbon dioxide to leave your body. Organs in your respiratory system include your: 1 www.ck12.org • Nose. • Mouth. • Larynx. • Pharynx. • Lungs. • Diaphragm. These structures are shown below (Figure 1.1). FIGURE 1.1 The organs of the respiratory system move air into and out of the body. What do you think is the purpose of each of these organs? • The nose and the nasal cavity filter, warm, and moisten the air you breathe. The nose hairs and the mucus produced by the cells in the nose catch particles in the air and keep them from entering the lungs. • Behind the nasal cavity, air passes through the pharynx, a long tube. Both food and air pass through the pharynx. • The larynx, also called the "voice box," is found just below the pharynx. Your voice comes from your larynx. Air from the lungs passes across thin tissues in the larynx and produces sound. • The trachea, or windpipe, is a long tube that leads down to the lungs, where it divides into the right and left bronchi. The bronchi branch out into smaller bronchioles in each lung. There is small flap called the epiglottis that covers your trachea when you eat or drink. The muscle controlling the epiglottis is involuntary and prevents food from entering your lungs or wind pipe. • The bronchioles lead to the alveoli. Alveoli are the little sacs at the end of the bronchioles (Figure 1.2). They look like little bunches of grapes. Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli. That means oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. The gases are exchanged between the blood and alveoli by simple diffusion. 2 www.ck12.org Concept 1. Respiratory System Organs • The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage. When the diaphragm contracts, the chest volume gets larger, and the lungs take in air. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest volume gets smaller, and air is pushed out of the lungs. FIGURE 1.2 "Grape-like" alveoli in the lungs. Vocabulary • alveoli : Tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. • bronchi: Air passages in the respiratory tract that conduct air into the lungs. • diaphragm : Sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage. • larynx: Respiratory organ between the pharynx and trachea; also called the voice box because it allows the production of vocal sounds. • pharynx: Long, tubular organ that connects the mouth and nasal cavity with the larynx; food and air pass through it. • trachea: Long, tubular organ, also called the wind pipe, that carries air between the larynx and lungs. Summary • The organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Practice Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow. • The Respiratory System at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWXAhe0w_CE (3:09) 3 www.ck12.org MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 1. Where is the trachea located and what is its function? 2. What is the relationship between the bronchi, bronchial tubes, and bronchioles? What function does this relationship serve? 3. Why does air funnel into smaller and smaller spaces within the lungs? Review 1. Name four organs in the respiratory system. 2. What is the trachea? References 1. Courtesy of National Cancer Institute/SEER Training Modules, Lord Akryl (Wikimedia), and Jalanpalmer (Wikimedia). Public Domain 2. LadyofHats. Alveoli in lungs—blood saturating by oxygen. Public Domain 4.
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