DOCUMENT RESUME ED 084 249 SP 007 485 TITLE Sport for All. Five Countries Report. INSTITUTION Council for Cultural Cooperation, Strasbourg (France) . PUB DATE 70 NOTE 135p. AVAILABLE FROM Manhattan Publishing Company, 225 Lafayette Street, New York 12, NY($3.00) EDRS PRICE EF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Athletic Activities; *Athletics; *Foreign Countries; *National Programs; Physical Activities; Physiology; *Sociocultural Patterns; Teacher Education; Womens Athletics IDENTIFIERS Sport for All ABSTRACT This document is a compendium of reports from five countries on their "Sport for All" programs. The five countries are the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdor.. It.is stated that the basic idea of "Sport for All" is of a sociocultural nature: it regards sport and its functions as an integral part of permanent education. All of the reports place emphasis on medico-biological motives, sociological. motives (the question of the use of leisure time), and educational motives (the place of sport in our civilization as a whole). Topics covered in the five reports are various methodologies of each country's program, the attitude of women towards sport, the training of instructors, the general public response, and the future needs of the "Sport for All" program. (Related document is SP 007.501.) (JA) IJ(;,.)`)IIIINI1U {el I t)yr. It ,,,A1BY MICRO FIcHE ONLY N WI' COL4 1)1 C.1 OF Ili l-K0ANI, out ,,,N1 /:, ON', OPt PT. ,.{Ot 1$i ilf)t.):10,1,11 ()It t)I;( t t Pt, Otlk!(nON Do I 'ODI 1111 t P. Ft (1111.: F', Pt 14NN,-, SPORT ,,,ot401I ItOPxt,tc.t OWNt FOR U S DEPARTMENT EDUCATION &OF HEALTH. NATIONAL WELFARE INSTITUTE OF THIS EDUCATION DOCUMENT DUCED ExACTL HAS BEEN THE PERSON Y AS REPRO ATING IT OR RECEIVEDFROM ALL POINTSORGANIZATION OF STATED DO VIEW ORORIGIN NOT OPINIONS SENT OFFICIAL NECESSARILY EDUCATION NATIONAL REPRE POSITION ORINSTITUTE OF POLICY ME COUNTRIES WORT Council for Cultural Cooperatiou Council of Europe Strasbourg 1970 A The Council of Europe was established by ten nations on 5 May 1949, sine:' when its membership has progressively increased to eighteen: Its aim is to achieve a greater unity betweenits Members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which arc their common heritage and faciliting their economic and social progress ". This aim is pursued by discussion of questions of common concern and by agreements and common actionineconomic,social,cultural,scientific,legaland administratives matters. The Ccuncil for Cultural Co-operation was set up by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 1 January 1982 to draw up proposals for the cultural policy of the Council of Europe, to co-ordinate and give effect to the overall cultural programme of the organisation and to allocate the resourcesof the Cultural Fund.Itisassisted by three permanent committees of senior officials : for higher education and research, for general and technical education and for out-of-school education. All the member governments of the Council of Europe, together with Finland, Spain and the Holy See which have acceded to the European Cultural Convention, are represented on these bodies 1. In educational matters, the aim of the Council for Cultural Co-operation (CCC) is to help to create conditions in which the right educational oppor- tunities are availableto young Europeans whatever their background or level of academic accomplishment, andtofacilitatetheir adjustmentto changing political and social conditions. This entails in particular a greater rationalisation of the complex educational process. Attention is paid to all influences bearing on the acquisition of knowledge, from home television to advanced research ; from the organisation of youth centres to the improve- ment of teacher training. The countries concerned will thereby be able to benefit from the experience of their neighbours in the planning and reform of structures, curricula and methods in all branches of education. Since 1963 the CCC has been publishing, in English and French, a series of works of general interest entitled " Education in Europe ", which record the results of expert studies and intergovernmental investigations conducted within the framework of its programme. As from 1968 the English version of these works are being published by Harrap's (London), and the French veision by Armard Colin (Paris). A list of these publications will be found at the end of the volume. These works are now being supplemented by a series of " companion volumes " of a more specialisednature, including catalogues, handbooks, bibliographies etc., as well as selected reports of meetings and studies on more technical subjects. These publications,towhichthe presentstudy belongs, are also listed at the end of the volume. General Editor : The Director of Education and of Cultural and Scientific Affairs, Council of Europe, Strasbourg - France. The opinions expressed in these studiesarenotto be regarded as reflecting the policy of individual governments or ofthe Committeeof Ministers of the Council of Europe. Applications for reproduction and translation should be addressed to the Director of Education and of Cultural and Scientific Affairs, Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France). 1. For complete list, see back of cover. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . 7 PART I :Federal Republic of Germany 9 introductory remarks 10 Chapter 1 Aims and motivations 12 Chapter 2 Ways and means 20 New forms of organisation 20 Applied methods 26 Instructors 27 Facilities and apparatus 30 Chapter 3 The public's response 34 Preferences of age-groups 36 The attitude of women to sport 38 Impact of the Second Way in statistical terms 39 Concluding remarks 42 PART II :Netherlands 43 Introduction 44 Chapter 1 The task ahead 45 Chapter 2 The role of the Dutch Sport Federation, the National Sports Organisations and the schools 50 Conclusion 53 PART III :Norway 55 Chapter 1 TRIM : conception of an idea, strategy and marketing 56 Chapter 2 TRIM and the mass media 63 Chapter 3 TRIM : Target groups 68 Chapter 4 TRIM : Organisation and adaptation 72 Chapter 5 TRIM : Women and the family 77 Chapter 6 TRIM in the future 83 PART IV :Sweden 91 Introduction 92 Chapter 1 Research concerning participation in physical activity 93 Chapter 2 The biologic:II need for exercise 95 Chapter 3 Arguments for participation 97 Chapter 4 Organisation 99 5 PART V United Kingdom 103 Foreword 104 Introduction 105 Chapter 1 Opportunities for sport in the United Kingdom 10(3 Chapter 2 The extent of participation in sport in the United Kingdom examined in relation to the factors that affect participation 118 Chapter 3 Sport for All : the Future needs 1:33 6 PREFACE The idea of Sport for All was adopted in 1966 by the CCC to describe one of its long-term objectives ;since then it has become the leitmotiv of the Committee for Out-of-School Educa- tion's whole programme in respect of physical education and sport, doubtless for several years to come. The idea of Sport for All is of a socio-cultural nature ;it regards sport and its functions as an integral part of permanent education. A group of experts which in January 1968 sought to lay the fottndations for future action in this field, placed great stress on the originality of this concept, the emergence of which is closely bound up with the changes occurring in contemporary society. Sport for All is a corollary of industrialisation, automation, utLanisation and the like, It expresses the new role which sport needs to assume in the dynamic society of today. It is worth recalling some of the considerations put forward by the group of experts' and endorsed by the Committee for Out -of- School Education at its Session of November 1968 ; " Figures show that, in industrialised societies, lack of movement causes more illness and death than infectious diseases and cancer. This biological and medical argument alone shculd convince authorities and private bodies of the need to give energetic support to a Sport for All campaign. Such a campaign, moreover,should be financially profitable ;asseveral member countries have realised,itwill enable substantial savings to be made in the public health and social security budgets. But the Croup regards this process of physical degeneration, however disturbing,as only one aspect of the problem. It wishes to express its sincere conviction that sport in the sense of Sport for All has something to contribute which goes far beyond the purely physical field. It believes, in fact, that sport can make an essential contribution to what it has calledthe development and expression of personality' orthe preservation of the human element' in a mechanised civilisation. Three aspects have almost continually thrust themselves upon the Group's attention : the solitude and isolation to which man is increasingly subjected ; the subjectionof man tohis environment ; man's need of self-expression and creativeness. Play, as an integral part of culture, opens upunsuspectedopportunities of satisfying this need. The concept of Sport for All which is quite different from the traditional conception of sport embraces not only sport proper but also, and perhaps above all, various forms of phy- sical activity, from spontaneous, unorganised games to a minimum of physical exercise regularly performed. This new conception of sport, which is gaining more and more influence in member countries, can help in resolving some of the main problems encountered alike by individuals and society as a whole at the present time. ** The present volume is the second in a series of Council of Europe publications on Sport for All, the first of which Sport for All : Exercise and Health, by Professor Per-Olaf Astrand was published in 1969. The aim of this second volume is to present an outline of the experience of five European countries. -111,-: contributions of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, it should be noted, were drafted at the end of 1967, on the basis of a brief given by the Council of Europe Secretariat, Although the brief was identical for the four coun- tries mentioned, the reader will observe that the reports differ substantially.