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Technical Report No. 123, Juneau Technical Paper No. 368 Subsistence Harvests and Uses of Wild Resources in Aleknagik, Clark’s Point, and Manokotak, Alaska, 2008 by Davin Holen, Jory Stariwat, Theodore M. Krieg, and Terri Lemons January 2012 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the reports by the Division of Subsistence. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries) centimeter cm all commonly-accepted abbreviations fork length FL deciliter dL e.g., Mr., Mrs., AM, PM, etc. mideye-to-fork MEF gram g all commonly-accepted professional mideye-to-tail-fork METF hectare ha titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., R.N., etc. standard length SL kilogram kg Alaska Administrative Code AAC total length TL kilometer km at @ liter L compass directions: Mathematics, statistics meter m east E all standard mathematical signs, symbols milliliter mL north N and abbreviations millimeter mm south S alternate hypothesis HA west W base of natural logarithm e Weights and measures (English) copyright catch per unit effort CPUE cubic feet per second ft3/s corporate suffixes: coefficient of variation CV foot ft Company Co. common test statistics (F, t, 2, et gallon gal Corporation Corp. confidence interval CI inch in Incorporated Inc. correlation coefficient (multiple) R mile mi Limited Ltd. correlation coefficient (simple) r nautical mile nmi District of Columbia D.C. covariance cov ounce oz et alii (and others) et al. degree (angular ) ° pound lb et cetera (and so forth) etc. degrees of freedom df quart qt exempli gratia (for example) e.g. expected value E yard yd Federal Information Code FIC greater than < id est (that is) i.e. greater than or equal to Time and temperature latitude or longitude lat. or long. harvest per unit effort HPUE day d monetary symbols (U.S.) $, ¢ less than < degrees Celsius °C months (tables and figures): first three letters less than or equal to degrees Fahrenheit °F (Jan,...,Dec) logarithm (natural) ln degrees kelvin K registered trademark logarithm (base 10) log trademark hour h logarithm (specify base) log2, etc. minute min United States (adjective) U.S. minute (angular) ' second s United States of America (noun) USA not significant NS U.S.C. United States Code null hypothesis HO Physics and chemistry U.S. state use two-letter abbreviations percent % all atomic symbols (e.g., AK, WA) probability P alternating current AC probability of a type I error (rejection of the ampere A null hypothesis when true) calorie cal probability of a type II error (acceptance of direct current DC the null hypothesis when false) hertz Hz second (angular) " horsepower hp standard deviation SD hydrogen ion activity (negative log of) pH standard error SE parts per million ppm variance parts per thousand ppt, ‰ population Var volts V sample var watts W TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 368 SUBSISTENCE HARVESTS AND USES OF WILD RESOURCES IN ALEKNAGIK, CLARK’S POINT, AND MANOKOTAK, ALASKA, 2008 By Davin Holen, Jory Stariwat, and Terri Lemons Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage and Theodore M. Krieg Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Dillingham Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99518 January 2012 Final Report to Stephen R. Braund and Associates under ADF&G Agreement IHP-06-050. The Division of Subsistence Technical Paper series was established in 1979 and represents the most complete collection of information about customary and traditional uses of fish and wildlife resources in Alaska. The papers cover all regions of the state. Some papers were written in response to specific fish and game management issues. Others provide detailed, basic information on the subsistence uses of particular communities which pertain to a large number of scientific and policy questions. Technical Paper series reports are available through the Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS), the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/publications/. This publication has undergone editorial and professional review. Davin Holen, Jory Stariwat, Terri Lemons Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99518-1599, USA and Theodore M. Krieg Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 546 Kenny Wren Road, P.O. Box 1030, Dillingham, Alaska 99576-1030, USA This document should be cited as: D. Holen, J. Stariwat, T. M. Krieg, and T. Lemons. 2012. Subsistence harvests and uses of wild resources in Aleknagik, Clark’s Point, and Manokotak, Alaska, 2008. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 368, Anchorage. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write: ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau AK 99811-5526 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 300 Webb, Arlington VA 22203 Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington DC 20240 The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers: (VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD) 907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078 For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact: ADF&G, Division of Subsistence, Website: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=contacts.anchorage TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 1 STUDY OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................. 4 RESEARCH METHODS .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Ethical Principles for the Conduct of Research ............................................................................................................. 4 Project Planning and Approvals .................................................................................................................................... 4 Systematic Household Surveys ................................................................................................................................. 6 Mapping of Locations of Subsistence Hunting, Fishing, and Gathering, 2008......................................................... 7 Household Survey Implementation ........................................................................................................................... 8 Aleknagik and Clark’s Point ........................................................................................................................... 8 Manokotak ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 DATA ANALYSIS AND REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 8 Survey Data Entry and Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 8 Population Estimates and Other Demographic Information ................................................................................... 10 Map Data Entry and Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Community Review Meetings ................................................................................................................................ 11 Final Report Organization....................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: ALEKNAGIK .........................................................................................................25
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