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Late Summer Occurrence of Shorebirds on the Southern Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000

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Late Summer Occurrence of Shorebirds on the Southern Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 • Late Summer Occurrence of Shorebirds on the Southern Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 • Rob MacDonald • Key Words: Shorebirds, Greater Yellowlegs, Dowitchers, Dunlin, Western Sandpiper, Nushagak Peninsula, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska U.S . Fish and Wildlife Service Togiak National Wildlife Refuge P.O. Box 270 Dillingham, Alaska 99576 October 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................... LIST OF TABLES . 11 LIST OF FIGURES . n ABSTRACT . ................................... I INTRODUCTION .......................................................... I OBJECTIVES . 2 STUDY AREA . .................................... 3 METHODS . ....... 3 RESULTS ................................................................ 4 DISCUSSION .............................................................. 4 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................... 7 LITERATURE CITED . ............... 8 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Total number of shorebirds observed per estuary, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 1999-2000 .............................................. 11 Table 2. Occurrence of shorebirds at all survey sites, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 . 12 Table 3. Occurrence of shorebirds at Heads Estuary, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 . 14 Table 4. Occurrence of shorebirds at Ten Day Creek, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 . 15 Table 5. Occurrence of shorebirds at Protection Point, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 .................................................. 16 Table 6. Occurrence of shorebirds at Nichols Spit, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 . 17 Table 7. Occurrence of shorebirds along beaches and lowland coastal tundra, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 .......................................... 18 Table 8. Number of shorebirds and number of observations by behavior and habitat for shorebirds documented at Heads Estuary, Ten Day Creek, Protection Point, and Nichols Spit, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 ............... 20 Table 9. Number of shorebirds and number of observations by behavior and habitat for shorebirds documented along the beaches and lowland coastal tundra, Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska, 2000 .................................. 21 Table 10. Known occurrence of shorebird "Species of High Concern" on the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska ................................... 22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of Nushagak Peninsula and shorebird monitoring study areas, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska .............................. 9 Figure 2. Shorebird monitoring study areas, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska .. 10 11 ABSTRACT The occurrence of shorebirds was documented along the southern tip of the Nushagak Peninsula on the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) from 3 August to II September 2000. This is the second consecutive year that the fall occurrence of shorebirds in this area was documented. Four small estuaries in the Cape Constantine area were chosen as regular survey sites. The sandy beaches between the estuaries and the adjacent coastal lowland tundra were also searched for migrating shorebirds. The species, number, location, habitat, and behavior of the shorebirds were recorded. A total of 31 species of shorebirds were recorded. Dunlins Calidris alpina constituted 47% of all shorebirds observed. Western Sandpipers C. mauri accounted for the largest number of small sandpipers identified to species. Dowitchers Limnodromus spp. and Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melano/euca were also observed in high numbers. Feeding was the most common behavior of the shorebirds observed. Although individual birds were checked for color-marked bands or flags, none were seen. It is recommended that the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge continues to monitor the fall migration of shorebirds along the Nushagak Peninsula, initiates monitoring at other important staging and migration areas on the Refuge, and continues to conduct area searches throughout the Refuge to assess the occurrence of breeding shorebirds. INTRODUCTION Because of its size and northerly position, Alaska provides breeding habitat for more shorebird species than any other state in the United States (Brown et. al. 2000). Seventy-one species of shorebirds have occurred in Alaska; 3 7 of them, including several unique Beringian species and Old World species, regularly breed in the region. An overall conservation goal for shorebirds in Alaska is to keep species and their habitats well distributed across not only the Alaskan landscape, but also other regions used by these same populations during other phases of their annual cycles. This will be achieved through a subset of goals and objectives specific to several major components of the Alaska Shorebird Conservation Plan that focus on population and habitat, research, and education/outreach. Documenting the occurrence of shorebirds throughout the Togiak Refuge will contribute to these goals and objectives. Since the creation of the Cape Newenham National Wildlife Refuge in 1969, which was later included in the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (created in 1980), there have been few shorebird studies conducted within the borders of the Refuge (Dick and Dick 1971, Petersen and Sigman 1977, Winker and Klicka 1990, MacDonald and Wachtel 2000). Various field camps have documented shorebirds secondary to their main projects, aerial surveys have been conducted counting shorebirds in conjunction with other species, and many incidental observations of shorebirds have been recorded while performing other work. Most of these data are unpublished with a few exceptions (Petersen et. al. 1991, Seppi 1995). Gill and Sarvis ( 1999) report shorebirds counted during an aerial survey conducted in 9 estuaries on the west coast of Alaska, including Nushagak Bay. The occurrence of shorebirds has not been thoroughly documented on the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge). The Refuge has desired data on shorebird species and numbers occurring along the southern tip of the Nushagak Peninsula for a number of years. In the past, high numbers of shorebirds have been observed in the estuaries along the Nushagak Peninsula while performing aerial surveys and overflights for other projects, however, the shorebirds present had not been identified or counted. This is the second consecutive year that the late summer occurrence of shorebirds has been documented in the Cape Constantine area. On either side of the Nushagak Bay area (i.e., Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Alaska Peninsula estuaries) there is a comparably rich body of material on seasonal shorebird use (Gill pers. comm.). However, from Egegik Bay around to Togiak Bay little is known. Given the extent of intertidal habitats in upper Bristol Bay and the use of adjacent areas by shorebirds, it is suspected that the Nushagak-Kvichak area is important to shorebirds, especially during late summer and autumn. Western Alaska has a unique breeding shorebird component that is largely restricted to Beringia (e.g. Pacific Golden-Plover, Bristle-thighed Curlew, Black Turnstone, and Western Sandpiper) (Alaska Shorebird Working Group 2000). Several Old World species also regularly breed or migrate through this region (e.g. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper). Intertidal habitats in Western Alaska and along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula support millions of shorebirds during migration, mostly sandpiper species such as Dunlin, Western Sandpiper, and Red Knot. In addition to Refuge applications, these data have wider use as well. Nushagak Bay has been designated as a Regional Shorebird Reserve in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve NetWork (WHSRN), a network of sites providing important shorebird wintering, migrating, and breeding habitat. These data, along with those from an aerial survey of Nushagak Bay (Gill and Sarvis 1999) and the results last year's monitoring of shorebirds along the Nushagak Peninsula (MacDonald and Wachtel 2000) demonstrate Nushagak Bay's importance for staging and migrating shorebirds. OBJECTIVES I. Document the numbers and species of shorebirds present along the southern tip of the Nushagak Peninsula. 2. Document the location, habitat, and behavior of shorebirds along the southern tip of the Nushagak Peninsula. 3. Document color-marked or banded shorebirds. 2 STUDY AREA The southern tip of the Nushagak Peninsula is located about 75 km south-southwest of Dillingham within the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (Figure I). Four small estuaries in the Cape Constantine area were chosen as survey sites. The study area covered approximately 39 km of coastline in northern Bristol Bay beginning at Heads Estuary along the southwest corner of the Nushagak Peninsula and continues east and north up the coast to Nichols Spit (Figure 2). Between these estuaries were two more estuaries, Ten Day Creek and Protection Point. Heads Estuary is approximately 7.96 km 2 and of this, roughly 3.55 km 2 were surveyed. Ten Day Creek is approximately 1.09 km 2 and of this, roughly 0.48 km 2 were surveyed. Protection Point is approximately 1. 94 km 2 and of this, roughly 1. 92 km 2 were surveyed. Nichols Spit is approximately 3.23 km 2 and of this, roughly 3.04 km 2 were surveyed. In addition, the sandy beach between the estuaries and the adjacent coastal lowland tundra were surveyed for staging and migrating shorebirds. Note that the estuary listed as Ten Day Creek in this report is the same as the estuary listed as Ten Day Slough in last year's shorebird report by MacDonald and Wachtel (2000).
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