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MACKEREL SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN CANADA AND WORLDWIDE

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19-8' 501,,-: 5 i-)11d1 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

SUPPLY FACTORS 1 1. Landings 1 Canada 1 World 3 2. Production 5 Canada 5 World 8

DEMAND FACTORS 9 1. Exports/Imports 9 2. Prices 12 World 12 Newfoundland 13

SUMMARY 14

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES SUPPLY FACTORS

1. Landings

Canada The species of mackerel harvested in Canada is Atlantic mackerel. Table 1 gives mackerel landings and landed value for Canada as a whole, for Atlantic Canada and for Newfoundland (by region and province). Note that the Atlantic region totals are the same as the overall Canadian totals. This is because no mackerel is landed on Canada's Pacific coast. For the period 1971 to 1987, Canadian landings have ranged from a low of 13,552 tonnes in 1975 to a high of 30,245 tonnes in 1979. In 1987, landings were 22,429 tonnes, down from 28,457 tonnes in 1986 and 29,862 tonnes in 1985. Landed value was 7.7 million dollars in 1987, up from 5.7 million dollars in 1986 and 5.6 million dollars in 1985. From 1971 to 1984, landed value ranged from a low of 1.1 million dollars in 1971 to a high of 5.9 million dollars in 1979. Since 1971, the value per tonne of Atlantic Canada mackerel landings varied between $70.74 per tonne in 1971 and $345 per tonne in 1987. During the same period, Newfoundland mackerel landings have fluctuated widely from a low of 307 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 15,749 tonnes in 1985. Except for 1978, the 2

Newfoundland Region (Figure 1) has accounted for the major share of Newfoundland mackerel landings. Newfoundland Region landings range from a low of 234 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 15,293 tonnes in 1985. Newfoundland Gulf Region landings range from a low of 73 tonnes in 1982 to an excep- tional high of 7,371 tonnes in 1978, while the next highest landings are recorded in 1987 at 2,814 tonnes. Up to 1986, landed value per tonne of Newfoundland mackerel landings was 16 to 61 percent lower than overall Canadian landed value per tonne. For the period 1971 to 1986, Newfoundland mackerel landed value per tonne ranged from a low of $28.39 per tonne in 1971 to a high of $219.00 per tonne in 1983. Landed value was $366.29 per tonne in 1987, 6 percent higher than the Canadian landed value of $345 per tonne. The increase is due to a higher landed value in Newfoundland's Gulf Region, $1,009 per tonne, versus the Newfoundland Region value of $174 per tonne. In Newfoundland's Gulf Region most of the 1987 mackerel landings was by large offshore purse seiners. In 1987 Newfoundland harvested 54.5 percent of the total Canadian mackerel landings. From 1971 to 1986, Newfoundland mackerel landings range from a low of 1.8 percent in 1982 to 54 percent in 1978 of the Canadian total. 3

World The latest world landings recorded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) are for 1985. Table 2 gives world mackerel landings by major species for the period 1971 to 1985. The major species of mackerel harvested worldwide are Atlantic, Chub and Indian. FAO also classifies spotted chub mackerel, short mackerel and Indian mackerels under "mackerel". Various species of Spanish and king mackerel; and horse and jack mackerel, however, are respectfully classified under "Tunas, Bonitos, Billfishes" and "Jacks, Mullets, Sauries". Spanish and king mackerel species are much larger than Atlantic, Chub and Indian mackerel, while horse and jack mackerel species attain similar sizes. More importantly, these "non- mackerel" classified species are harvested in the same fishing areas and compete for similar markets as Atlantic, Chub and Indian mackerel. Figure 2 shows world fishing areas for statistical purposes. For the period 1971 to 1985 world "mackerel" landings range from a low of 2.7 million tonnes in 1983 to a high of 3.9 million tonnes in 1978. Total landings of "non- mackerel" classified species range from a low of 1.5 million tonnes in 1972 to a high of 4.1 million tonnes in 1982. In 1985 world "mackerel" landings tot ailed 2.8 million tonnes 4

while landings of "non-mackerel" classified species were 3.8 million tonnes. Table 3 gives percentage of world "mackerel" landings by main species. From 1971 to 1985 Atlantic, Chub and Indian accounted for 88.6 to 95.2 percent of the world total. Landings of Chub mackerel have dominated with 56.7 to 72.5 percent of the world total for the period. Atlantic mackerel landings fluctuate between 18.0 and 35.1 percent while Indian mackerel landings vary from 2.9 to 7.5 percent. Other mackerel landings range from 4.8 to 12.9 percent of the total world "mackerel" landings. Japan has led Chub mackerel harvests (Table 4), exceed- ing 978,000 tonnes per year between 1971 and 1980. Subse- quent landings by Japan fell to 771,901 tonnes in 1985. The USSR has also been a prominent figure with annual Chub harvests between 195,600 tonnes and 445,013 tonnes from 1971 to 1985. India has led Indian mackerel harvests with landings ranging from a low of 27,925 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 204,600 tonnes in 1971 for the same period (Table 5). Meanwhile, with Atlantic mackerel landings, the focus shift- ed from the East Block during most of the 1970's to the United Kingdom, Ireland and Norway in recent years. These three have landed the bulk of Atlantic mackerel since 1977, 5

and accounted for 65 percent of the total catch in 1985 (Table 6). Canadian mackerel harvests are in fishing Area 21, commonly called the Northwest Atlantic. Canada was a minor participant until 1977 with less than 7 percent of the area total each year. In 1977, Canada declared a 200 Mile Limit, and its share rose to 26.7 percent and then dramatically to 93 percent in 1979. By 1985, however, Canada's share had fallen to 50.4 percent (Table 7). Generally, most Atlantic mackerel landings have come from the Northeast Atlantic - Area 27 (Table 8). Catches from this area peaked at 719,000 tonnes in 1979 (or 94 percent of Atlantic mackerel landings). By 1985, landings had fallen to 483,000 tonnes (88 percent of the Atlantic mackerel total).

3. Production

Canada Atlantic Canada mackerel production and value is given in Table 9 for the period 1976 to 1987. There are six main product categories - fresh, round or dressed; frozen, round or dressed; frozen fillets; fresh and frozen bait; pickled and cured; and canned. 6

"Fresh, round or dressed" mackerel production has fluctuated between a low of 845 tonnes in 1987 and a high of 9,662 tonnes in 1979. "Frozen, round or dressed" production fluctuated between 1,711 tonnes in 1976 and 8,780 tonnes in 1985 while 1987 production was 5,108 tonnes. Production of "frozen fillets" was lower for the period, ranging from 47 tonnes in 1982 to 911 tonnes in 1986 (or from 94 to 1,822 tonnes round weight). 1 "Fresh and frozen bait" production varied between 3,087 tonnes and 8,019 tonnes with 6,676 tonnes produced in 1987. "Pickled and cured" production fluctuated widely between 205 tonnes in 1982 and 2,865 tonnes in 1979 (or between 360 and 5,013 tonnes round weight). In 1987 production was 1,073 tonnes (1,880 tonnes round weight). "Canned" production has also fluctuated widely for the period from 413 tonnes in 1976 up to 2,089 tonnes in 1980 (743 to 3,760 tonnes round weight).

1 Statistical Co-ordinating Committee for the Atlantic Coast Standard Conversion Factors: (June 1984) Mackerel Round (Whole) Fresh or Frozen 0.1 Dressed, Head On Fresh or Frozen 1.2 Fillets & Blocks Fresh or Frozen 2.0 Dressed Smoked (Kippers) 2.0 Dressed or Split, Pickled 1.5 Head On Fillets, Skin On Pickled 2.0 Unspecified (Meat) Canned 1.6 Fillets Canned 2.0 Meal 5.0 Dressed of Split, Pickled 1.7 Head Off 7

Production in 1987 was 849 tonnes (1,528 tonnes round weight). Since 1985, "fresh and frozen round or dressed" and "fresh and frozen bait" production has accounted for approximately 67 to 86 percent of Canadian mackerel production. Newfoundland mackerel production for the period 1976 to 1987 is given in Table 10. Production categories include all Canadian products except frozen fillets. "Fresh, round or dressed" mackerel production for Newfoundland is only significant from 1978 to 1980 at 8,002 tonnes, 6,430 tonnes and 2,959 tonnes, respectively. Newfoundland "frozen, round or dressed" production constitutes the major portion of the Canadian total for the period. Newfoundland production is higher than Canadian production from 1985 to 1987 due to preliminary figures for Atlantic Canada. "Fresh and frozen bait" production has fluctuated widely for the period. Three tonnes was produced in 1982 as a result of lower landings. In other years production varied between 427 tonnes and 1,367 tonnes (747 to 2,392 tonnes round weight) and was 566 tonnes in 1987 (990 tonnes round weight). Data on canned production is only available from 1984 to 1987 with production ranging from a low of 88 tonnes in 1987 (158 tonnes round weight) to a high of 291 tonnes in 1986 (524 tonnes round weight). In summary, most of Newfoundland's 8

mackerel production since 1981 is in the form of "frozen, round or dressed" and "fresh and frozen bait."

World World mackerel production by product type is given in Table 11 for the perid 1976 to 1985. Frozen, salted and canned production constitutes the major share of world production. Production of frozen Chub mackerel ranges from a low of 279,871 tonnes in 1981 to a high of 577,531 tonnes in 1979, while frozen Atlantic production fluctuates from 26,871 tonnes in 1976 to 150,469 tonnes in 1979. Atlantic mackerel dried, salted or in brine production ranges from 3,065 tonnes in 1979 down to 255 tonnes in 1982. Canned Chub production varies from 7,650 tonnes to 15,458 tonnes while canned Atlantic mackerel production is between 16,820 tonnes and 23,926 tonnes for the period. Mackerel meal production ranges from a high of 97,417 tonnes in 1978 down to a low of 4,673 tonnes in 1983 with 6,377 tonnes produced in 1985. 9

DEMAND FACTORS

1. Exports/Imports

Since 1976, the United Kingdom has been the largest exporter of fresh, chilled or frozen mackerel (Table 12). At 131,106 tonnes in 1985, it represented 32.3 percent of world exports. The Netherlands was not far behind that year with exports of 119,746 tonnes (or 29.5 percent of world fresh, chilled or frozen exports), while Ireland placed third at 76,612 tonnes (19 percent of world exports). Japan has dominated canned mackerel exports for over a decade. At its peak, Japan exported 210,000 tonnes of canned mackerel in 1980. Since then its exports have declined steadily. Still, in 1985, Japan was responsible for 67.6 percent of world export trade in canned mackerel. Denmark, a distant second, exported 10,400 tonnes in 1985 or 11.9 percent of world canned exports (Table 13). By far, Nigeria has been the leading importer of fresh and frozen mackerel products since the late seventies (Table 14). From a peak of 209,576 tonnes in 1981 Nigerian imports dropped to 101,760 tonnes in 1985 or 31.3 percent of the world trade in fresh and frozen mackerel. The Ivory Coast has increased imports since 1983, accounting for 9.3 - 10 -

percent of fresh and frozen imports in 1985. In Europe, the Netherlands and Denmark imported 45,888 tones (14.3 percent) and 34,144 tonnes (10.6 percent), respectively, in 1985. Papua, New Guinea has become the leading importer of canned mackerel with 23,500 tonnes or 44.3 percent of the world total in 1985 (Table 15). Sweden, Belguim, West Germany and the United Kingdom had a combined total of 17.4 percent of world import figures for canned mackerel in 1985. Table 16-1 summarizes the above discussion with a percentage analysis of world exports/imports by country of lading/destination. Table 16-2 gives the trade value in United States dollars of world mackerel exports and imports by country for 1985. The value of fresh and frozen exports varies between US $166.64 per tonne for the United Kingdom and US $601.77 per tonne for Japan while the value of canned exports ranges from US $1,123.24 per tonne for Japan to US $2,024.90 per tonne for Portugal. Fresh and frozen import value varies between US $178.56 per tonne for the Netherlands and US $460.79 per tonne for Nigeria while canned import value ranges from US $897.89 per tonne for Papau, New Guinea and US $2,196.42 per tonne for Italy. Canadian mackerel exports by product and country of destination are given in Table 17. Exports are in the form of "whole or dressed, frozen" and "pickled and cured". When compared with world mackerel exports of "fresh, chilled, frozen" products Canadian frozen product exports are quite insignificant. Canned mackerel exports dominate the world scene but are not a trade product of Canada. For the period 1980 to 1987 Canadian exports of "whole or dressed, frozen" were mainly to the United States and the Soviet Union and range from 644 tonnes in 1983 to 8,756 tonnes in 1980. Exports in 1987 were 1,357 tonnes. In recent years "pickled and cured" exports are mainly to the United States and Jamaica. Total exports range from a low of 375 tonnes in 1983 to a high of 1,115 tonnes in 1980. In 1987, 673 tonnes were exported. The value of Canadian mackerel exports ranges form $320 per tonne in 1980 to $650 per tonne in 1983 for "frozen, whole or dressed" while the value of "whole or split pickled" exports ranges from $746 per tonne in 1976 to $1,300 per tonne in 1987. "Pickled fillets" exports range from $814 per tonne in 1979 to $1,547 per tonne in 1983 for the period 1979 to 1984 (Table 18). Newfoundland mackerel exports are composed of all the product forms of Canadian exports (Table 19). "Frozen, whole or dressed" exports range from 129 tonnes in 1983 to 881 tonnes in 1987. "Cured, whole or split" exports range - 12 -

from 36 tonnes in 1984 to 174 tonnes in 1986 with 167 tonnes exported in 1987. Finally "cured fillets" exports range from 77 tonnes in 1984 to 195 tonnes in 1985 with 104 tonnes exported in 1987.

2. Prices

World World mackerel prices by product form, price reference and market area, and origin are given in Table 20 for the period January 15, 1986 to April 1, 1988. Price of "whole block frozen" was US $0.94 per kilogram to wholesalers in Singapore from Indonesia on January 15, 1986. On April 1, 1988 price for the same product from India C.I.F. Middle East was US $1.00 per kilogram. In the same period prices of Hong Kong "wet/salted medium dried" mackerel wholesaled in Hong Kong vary between US $2.45 per kilogram and US $2.45 per kilogram. Canned mackerel from Korea and Japan C.I.F. Holland was consistently priced at US $11.80 per kilogram and US $12.50 per kilogram, respectively, for the period. - 13 -

Newfoundland In 1987 Newfoundland processors received around $0.25 per pound from the Newfoundland Bait Service for frozen whole mackerel; fishermen received $0.06 per pound. For the commercial market, prices ranged between $0.07 and $0.13 per pound. Processors generally received between $0.25 and $0.35 per pound for mackerel going into bait. Premium prices were paid for mackerel going to the food market in Japan. - 14 -

SUMMARY

The United Kingdom continues to lead the world in landings of mackerel for human consumption. Much of this is exported fresh and frozen to Europe and West Africa where the Nigerian market has been improving in the past several years. Chile and Ecuador continue to land substantial volumes of mackerel, most of which is reduced to meal and oil for animal feed. Japan continues to be the prominent figure in canned mackerel exports. This market, however, is shrinking, losing ground to frozen products mostly. At the same time other countries, particularly Korea, Taiwan and Morocco are displacing Japanese exports in certain market areas with cheaper products. Canadian exports have been small with approximately one-half going to the U.S. and the USSR in 1986 as fresh or frozen product. The other half that year was pickled or cured and sent to Caribbean markets for the most part. Meanwhile, the domestic market for fresh and frozen whole mackerel was good in 1987. Most was used as bait by Newfoundland and Atlantic fishermen in the cod, lobster and crab fisheries. Fishermen obtained the bulk of their bait from local processors or caught it themselves. The Newfoundland Bait Service, which purchases mackerel locally and supplies about 20 per cent of the bait needs in - 15 -

Newfoundland, predicted a zero inventory balance of bait by January of 1988. Although herring and squid are also used for bait, Atlantic fishermen prefer mackerel especially for the cod longlining fishery. In 1986, mackerel accounted for 80 per cent of the bait purchases by the Newfoundland Bait Service. Squid landings were negligible in 1987 and herring was being directed to export markets where the price was higher than local bait prices. Consequently, mackerel was in good demand. Mackerel should again be in demand and prices should be reasonably high in 1988 if a number of conditions are met. The cod, lobster and crab fisheries, if they are successful with good landings and above average prices in export markets, will create a strong demand for bait. If squid and herring supplies are limited or export potential for these species is high, they would be removed efectively from bait competition. The domestic market for human consumption of mackerel has been very poor in the past. Consumption has been centered in ethnic minorities in larger Canadian cities, and the Atlantic Region. Any growth in this market could easily be handled by local production. Canned output has been directed primarily into Canada's food aid program and has been relatively stable at 1,000 - 16 -

tonnes for the past several years. There is some potential domestically if mackerel and other fish are exploited through national advertising campaigns to increase consumption of this and other fish species. Recent medical evidence points to the beneficial aspects of fish oils in one's diet, especially with regard to mackerel. As far as stock availability is concerned, recent findings suggest a TAC of 200,000 t of mackerel could be taken from Sub-Areas 2 - 6 in Area 21. Therefore an excess of mackerel is available for domestic and export market growth. Without efforts being made to develop these markets, production will remain at current levels depending on local bait requirements and limited export markets. LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Page 1 of 2

Table 1: Newfoundland and Canadian Mackerel Landings and - Landed Value Plus Value/Tonne and Newfoundland Percentage of Total Canadian Landings, 1971-1987 Figure 1: Newfoundland Region Table 2: World Mackerel Landings by Major Species, 1971-1985 Figure 2: World Fishing Areas for Statistical Purposes Table 3: Mackerel, Percentage of World Landings by Main Species, 1971-1985 Table 4: Chub Mackerel Landings by Country, 1971-1985 Table 5: Indian Mackerel Landings by Country, 1971-1985 Table 6: Atlantic Mackerel Landings by Country, 1971-1985 Table 7: Area 21 - Northwest Atlantic Mackerel Harvest by Country, 1970-1985 Table 8: Area 27 - Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Harvest by Country, 1970-1985 Table 9: World Mackerel Production by Product Type, 1976-1985 Table 10: Atlantic Canadian Mackerel Production and Value, 1976-1987 Table 11: Newfoundland Mackerel Production and Value, 1976-1987 Table 12: World Mackerel Exports - Fresh, Chilled, Frozen, 1976-1985 Table 13: World Mackerel Exports - Canned, 1976-1985 Table 14: World Mackerel Imports - Fresh, Chilled, Frozen, 1976-1985 Table 15: World Mackerel Imports - Canned, 1976-1985 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Page 2 of 2

Table 16-1: Percentage Analysis of World Mackerel Exports/ Imports by Country of Lading/Destination, 1985 Table 16-2: Mackerel Trade Value by Country - US Dollars, 1985 Table 17: Canadian Mackerel Exports by Product and Country of Destination, 1980-1987 Table 18: Value of Canadian Mackerel Exports, 1979-1987 Table 19: Newfoundland Mackerel Exports, 1983-1987 Table 20: World Mackerel Prices (January 15, 1986 to April 1, 1988) TABLE 1: NEWFOUNDLAND AND CANADIAN MACKEREL LANDINGS AND LANDED VALUE (Catch in tonnes, Value in $ 1 000) PLUS VALUE/TONNE AND NEWFOUNDLAND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CANADIAN LANDINGS

YEAR NEWFOUNDLAND NEWFOUNDLAND NEWFOUNDLAND ATLANTIC CANADIAN VALUE/TONNE VALUE/TONNE NF REGION* GULF REGION PROVINCE REGION TOTAL1 NEWFOUNDLAND CANADIAN % CDN Catch Value Catch Value Catch Value Catch Value Catch Value ($/tonne) ($/tonne)

1971 - - - - 3,663 104 14,941 1,057 14,941 1,057 28.39 70.74 24.5

1972 - - - - 3,876 123 16,143 1,309 16,143 1,309 31.73 81.08 24.0

1973 - - - - 2,912 237 21,613 2,253 21,613 2,253 81.38 104.24 13.5

1974 1,835 153 104 7 1,939 160 16,636 1,812 16,636 1,812 82.60 108.92 14.3

1975 3,765 321 102 10 3,867 331 13,552 1,696 13,552 1,696 85.59 125.15 28.5

1976 5,211 439 141 14 5,352 453 15,755 2,083 15,755 2,083 84.64 132.21 34.0

1977 7,848 474 78 8 7,926 482 22,511 2,563 22,511 2,563 60.81 113.85 35.4

1978 6,353 305 7,371 1,351 13,724 1,656 25,432 3,882 25,432 3,882 120.66 152.64 54.0

1979 14,829 2,270 503 90 15,332 2,360 30,245 5,887 30,245 5,887 153.93 194.64 50.7

1980 6,182 1,012 1,023 221 7,205 1,233 22,136 4,838 22,136 4,838 171.13 218.55 32.5

1981 6,845 993 86 14 6,931 1,007 19,296 3,941 19,296 3,941' 145.28 204.60 36.0

1982 234 44 73 11 307 55 16,378 4,436 16,378 4,436 179.15 270.85 1.8

1983 7,752 1,717 556 110 8,308 1,827 19,792 5,192 19,792 5,192 219.90 262.33 42.0

1984 5,551 791 316 55 5,867 846 17,331 3,935 17,331 3,935 i 144.20 227.05 33.9

1985 15,293 1,807 456 77 15,749 1,884 29,862 5,602 29,862 5,602 is 119.63 187.60 52.7

1986 12,137 1,533 300 40 12,437 1,573 28,457 5,757 28,457 5,757 \\ 126.48 202.31 43.7

1987 9,414 1,639 2,814 2,8402 12,228 4,479 22,429 7,738 22,429 7,738 ' 366.29 345.00 54.5

- Data not available 1 Canadian Total Same as Atlantic Region Total; No Mackerel Landings on Canada's Pacific Coast 2 Landed value of $1,009/tonne, up from $133/tonne in 1986 and $169/tonne In 1985: Mackerel landed by offshore purse selners in 1987

SOURCE: Canadian Fisheries Annual Statistical Review, Volumes 8, 9, 10, 12, 14

* Fisheries Statistics & Systems Branch, Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans, Newfoundland Region. FIGURE 1

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(Quantities in Tonnes)

NON-MACKEREL YEAR ATLANTIC CHUB INDIAN OTHER' TOTAL CLASSIFIED (F) SPECIES

1971 762,800 F 1,737,100 F 223,100 F 251,300 2,974,300 1,720,100

1972 787,600 F 1,734,600 F 138,900 F 168,700 2,829,800 1,526,600

1973 1,027,900 F 1,736,480 F 98,600 F 202,500 3,065,480 1,789,887

1974 990,260 F 1,926,833 F 99,419 181,379 3,197,891 1,788,309

1975 1,097,350 F 1,871,589 F 95,753 206,839 3,271,531 1,863,846

1976 1,077,299 F 1,699,317 F 111,356 F 180,691 3,068,663 2,203,716

1977 686,535 2,306,246 F 147,821 157,892 3,298,494 2,730,852

1978 707,859 2,861,264 F 185,578 189,810 3,944,511 2,803,624

1979 762,896 F 2,433,129 F 161,832 F 245,945 3,603,802 2,874,653

1980 656,525 F 2,664,891 F 116,668 F 244,928 3,683,012 2,957,759

1981 635,798 F 2,439,605 122,842 F 263,264 3,461,509 3,406,620

1982 625,884 F 1,861,264 87,474 F 285,438 2,860,060 4,108,593

1983 576,180 F 1,672,156 135,013 F 306,643 2,689,992 3,522,079

1984 660,037 F 2,215,460 133,868 F 366,371 3,375,736 4,040,214

1985 546,023 F 1,760,544 133,531 F 361,768 2,801,866 3,867,552

F FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information

1 Other includes Spotted Chub Mackerel, Short Mackerel and Indian Mackerels (Not Elsewhere Indicated);

Species Classified Under: (a) "Tunas, Bonitos, Billfishes" - West African Spanish Mackerel, Japanese Spanish Mackerel, Atlantic Spanish Mackerel - King Mackerel, Indo-Pacific King Mackerel and Narrow-Barred Mackerel (Note: These species much bigger than Atlantic, Chub and Indian) or (b) "Jacks, Mullets, Sauries" - Pacific Jack Mackerel, Mediterranean Horse Mackerel, Cape Horse Mackerel, Cunene Horse Mackerel, Greenback Horse Mackerel, Jack and Horse Mackerel (N.E.I.), Chilean Jack Mackerel, Japanese Jack Mackerel, Blue Jack Mackerel, and Atlantic Horse Mackerel.

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Catches & Landings, Volumes 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 FIGURE 2

MAJOR FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES

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(Quantities in Metric Tonnes)

ATLANTIC, YEAR ATLANTIC CHUB INDIAN OTHER CHUB & INDIAN TOTAL

1971 25.6 58.4 7.5 8.5 91.5

1972 27.8 61.3 4.9 6.0 94.0

1973 33.5 56.7 3.2 6.6 93.4

1974 30.9 60.3 3.1 5.7 94.3

1975 33.6 57.2 2.9 6.3 93.7

1976 35.1 55.4 3.6 5.9 94.1

1977 20.8 69.9 4.5 4.8 95.2

1978 18.0 72.5 4.7 4.8 95.2

1979 21.2 67.5 4.5 6.8 93.2

1980 17.8 72.4 3.2 6.6 93.4

1981 18.4 70.5 3.5 7.6 92.4

1982 21.9 65.0 3.1 10.0 90.0

1983 21.4 62.2 5.0 11.4 88.6

1984 19.5 65.6 4.0 10.9 89.1

1985 19.5 62.8 4.8 12.9 87.1

SOURCE: Calculated from Table 2 TABLE 4: CHUB MACKEREL LANDINGS BY COUNTRY 1971-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes)

REPUBLIC SOUTH YEAR JAPAN USSR CHINA OF KOREA MOROCCO USA BRAZIL CHILE PERU ECUADOR AFRICA SPAIN PORTUGAL OTHER TOTAL

1971 1,252,700 195,600 - 60,600 9,600 100 2,400 - 10,100 - 54,600 600 20,400 130,400 1,737,100 F

1972 1,188,300 303,200 - 79,000 5,100 - 2,700 - 8,700 - 55,500 4,200 18,400 69,500 1,734,600 F

1973 1,134,000 323,400 - 74,200 8,800 100 5,300 - 65,000 - 56,700 2,700 21,900 44,380 1,736,480 F

1974 1,330,501 364,913 - 80,649 16,130 61 1,366 - 63,270 - 30,670 3,543 11,157 24,573 1,926,833 F

1975 1,317,967 314,507 - 70,123 12,272 130 621 15,235 23,580 - 69,344 4,198 6,619 36,993 1,871,589 F

1976 978,781 375,507 78,965 107,382 16,071 160 4,258 52,712 40,172 - 545 5,950 9,414 29,400 1,699,317 F

1977 1,354,481 389,507 134,852 113,051 40,252 4,648 6,374 141,263 46,071 - 21,336 4,204 11,642 38,565 2,306,246 F

1978 1,625,854 445,013 282,262 99,519 46,101 11,140 6,675 182,680 101,505 - 2,443 8,951 8,746 40,375 2,861,264 F

1979 1,491,026 285,930 205,404 120,283 14,784 26,762 9,698 89,117 118,067 - 11,139 15,487 7,925 37,507 2,433,129 F

1980 1,300,994 365,459 83,760 62,690 24,197 29,333 10,620 102,279 59,062 570,617 4,213 11,230 5,335 35,102 2,664,891 F

1981 907,778 415,290 73,466 108,082 21,022 38,535 17,706 97,457 32,803 656,753 10,943 6,698 2,866 50,206 2,439,605

1982 •717,611 433,052 107,005 99,447 56,939 28,175 32,117 20,987 22,072 257,469 13,643 11,398 4,112 57,237 1,861,264

1983 804,797 278,976 153,932 122,883 55,125 33,075 21,767 9,280 22,579 97,527 13,271 7,331 2,876 48,737 1,672,156

1984 813,466 372,214 123,933 101,714 130,315 42,369 69,391 111,877 87,134 291,686 6,739 5,009 11,005 48,608 2,215,460

1985 771,901 345,868 92,573 68,479 93,278 34,225 69,391 F 11,314 57,069 109,960 5,495 5,785 11,546 83,660 1,760,544

F FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information - No Landings for the Year Indicated

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Volumes 40, 42, 44, 56, 58, 60 TABLE 5: INDIAN MACKEREL LANDINGS BY COUNTRY 1971-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes)

AR RP UNITED YEAR INDIA THAILAND PHILIPPINES YEMEN TANZANIA ARAB EM. OTHER TOTAL

1971 204,600 14,900 - 3,600 F - - - 223,100 F

1972 121,200 13,900 - 3,800 F - - - 138,900 F

1973 69,900 23,700 - 4,200 F - - 800 98,600 F

1974 41,100 20,400 32,652 3,348 1,078 - 841 99,419

1975 40,650 22,932 26,331 3,942 978 - 920 95,753

1976 46,928 25,885 32,147 4,455 1,303 - 638 111,356

1977 76,411 33,371 31,836 4,725 814 - 664 147,821

1978 102,042 37,005 38,358 5,200 2,090 ... 883 185,578

1979 86,235 29,221 38,972 4,900 F 470 ... 2,034 161,832 F

1980 58,847 27,884 24,305 3,000 735 ... 1,897 116,668

1981 61,135 20,542 28,425 2,820 F 1,504 6,200 2,216 122,842 F

1982 27,925 21,487 24,229 2,470 F 1,601 7,000 2,762 87,474 F

1983 32,222 53,247 38,226 1,159 1,538 4,426 4,195 135,013 F

1984 54,571 33,436 33,192 4,214 1,711 4,426 2,318 133,868 F

1985 53,240 F 30,940 37,445 2,246 1,720 4,345 3,595 133,531 F

F FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information ... Data Not Available for the Year Indicated - No Landings for the Year Indicated

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Volumes 40, 42, 44, 46, , 56, 58, 60

NOTE: Indian mackerels widely harvested by Indonesia, Mayaysia and Thailand. eg. In 1985, respective landings were 116,000 t, 82,159 t and 119,420 t for a total of 331,562 t. TABLE 6: ATLANTIC MACKEREL LANDINGS BY COUNTRY 1971-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes)

UNITED FR RP OM RP OTHER TOTAL YEAR KINGDOM NORWAY IRELAND NETHERLANDS FRANCE SPAIN CANADA DENMARK GERMANY USSR POLAND GERMANY USA 50,200 762,800 F 1971 6,500 202,600 3,100 8,800 43,600 40,600 14,900 17,600 3,500 176,400 123,300 69,400 2,300

47,200 787,600 1972 8,900 160,200 4,600 10,600 43,400 36,500 16,100 2,100 1,200 217,500 155,700 81,100 2,500

1973 21,400 337,600 8,300 10,100 42,100 31,000 21,600 7,500 2,600 267,200 128,400 78,700 2,000 69,400 1,027,900 F 990,260 1974 30,136 287,804 8,525 10,574 40,841 37,141 16,636 3,910 2,132 277,455 123,031 63,107 1,074 87,894 1,097,350 F 1975 48,365 243,440 13,427 15,664 29,913 30,720 13,544 9,908 3,349 449,569 98,167 58,178 1,864 81,242 1,077,299 1976 87,106 212,119 14,396 17,178 37,314 21,121 15,746 27,998 1,920 370,303 74,976 42,918 2,929 151,275 686,535 1977 187,723 181,742 23,022 38,139 39,403 28,039 20,057 22,536 5,507 48,582 19,732 8,454 1,362 62,237

1978 320,921 92,897 28,676 51,621 41,241 27,927 25,429 26,754 29,211 1,325 2 233 1,614 60,008 707,859

1979 353,493 125,497 25,120 63,388 39,158 25,207 30,244 28,903 17,855 520 92 17 2,024 51,378 762,896

1980 270,631 76,920 52,971 91,934 30,932 16,732 22,136 29,718 21,147 1,592 13 - 2,682 39,117 656,525 F

1981 238,892 62,099 94,553 89,964 23,249 17,233 19,294 24,791 27,942 3,874 3,980 51 2,718 27,158 635,798 F

1982 228,760 74,069 119,802 67,586 18,115 21,093 16,380 24,900 11,602 1,837 4,446 - 3,382 - 33,912 625,884 F

1983 189,2,17 79,970 90,375 74,441 12,442 15,036 19,792 35,815 22,924 1,279 4,283 1,320 3,810 25,476 576,180 F

1984 198,741 142,538 88,407 98,952 13,254 19,380 17,032 20,525 11,031 8,171 5,483 5,450 4,524 26,549 660,037 F

1985 173,122 115,799 65,634 38,723 18,230 16,090 25,600 18,820 11,807 12,669 6,221 11,024 6,749 25,535 546,023 F

F FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information - No Landings for the Year Indicated

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Volumes 40, 42, 44, 56, 58, 60 *O •

TABLE 7: AREA 21 - NORTHWEST ATLANTIC MACKEREL HARVEST 1970-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes)

CANADA DM RP FD RP EAST BLOCK AS YEAR CATCH % BULGARIA CUBA GERMANY GERMANY ITALY JAPAN POLAND ROMANIA USSR USA OTHER TOTAL % OF TOTAL*

1970 15,700 6.7 4,000 - 6,700 1,300 - - 68,200 700 128,500 3,600 0 228,700 90.7

1971 14,900 4.0 28,500 100 69,200 2,800 - 1,200 112,300 4,500 137,300 2,300 0 373,100 93.1

1972 16,100 3.9 23,500 0 80,600 700 - 1,600 142,300 2,500 139,800 2,500 0 409,600 94.3

1973 21,600 5.1 31,800 100 76,800 1,500 400 500 117,200 5,900 162,600 2,000 . 200 420,600 92.3

1974 16,636 4.9 20,723 0 59,977 866 420 76 96,106 6,966 136,601 1,074 109 339,554 92.3

1975 13,544 4.7 18,776 601 48,343 1,131 49 275 74,281 74 127,854 1,864 404 287,196 93.7

1976 15,746 6.5 13,940 6,968 38,150 1,244 560 47 51,549 5,396 105,301 2,929 122 241,952 86.4

1977 20,057 26.7 3,110 917 7,981 190 395 16 17,186 1,070 22,842 1,362 67 75,193 67.9

1978 25,429 91.2 30 18 - - 64 13 2 20 655 1,614 37 27,882 2.5

1979 30,244 92.5 52 51 - - 29 7 - 10 275 2,024 16 32,708 0.9

1980 22,136 87.2 - 254 - - 28 88 13 18 142 2,682 23 25,384 0.6

1981 '19,294 68.9 - 3 - - 1,696 237 3,979 - 58 2,718 43 28,028 14.4

1982 16,180 54.5 - - - - 5,736 230 4,215 - 3 3,382 113 30,059 14.0

1983 19,792 67.1 - 1 1,315 - 100 52 4,283 - 8 3,810 123 29,484 19.0

1984 17,032 50.9 - 32 5,450 - - 48 5,483 - 881 4,524 27 33,477 35.3

1985 25,600 50.4 - 131 11,024 - 169 - 6,221 - 913 6,749 7 50,814 35.7

- Data Not Available * East Block includes USSR, Bulgaria, Poland and Democratic Republic of Germany

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Volumes 40, 42, 44, ...., 56, 58, 60

TABLE 8: AREA 27 - NORTHEAST ATLANTIC MACKEREL HARVEST 1970-1985

(Quantities In Tonnes)

FAROE OM RP FD RP UNITED YEAR BELGUIM BULGARIA DENMARK ISLAND FRANCE GERMANY GERMANY ICELAND IRELAND NETHERLANDS NORWAY POLAND PORGUTAL SPAIN SWEDEN USSR KINGDOM OTHER TOTAL

1970 0 - 26,800 2,100 48,800 200 1,000 1,600 1,100 6,800 278,800 6,300 300 34,400 3,400 14,300 4,600 0 430,500

1971 100 - 17,600 3,600 41,900 200 700 700 3,100 8,800 202,600 11,000 1,000 34,400 3,200 F 39,100 6,500 0 374,500 F

1972 100 300 2,100 7,600 41,900 500 500 800 4,600 10,600 160,200 13,400 800 33,100 4,700 77,700 8,900 0 367,800

1973 100 4,300 7,500 11,800 41,200 1,900 1,100 3,100 8,300 10,100 337,600 11,200 1,100 28,000 3,000 104,600 21,400 0 596,300

1974 152 13,500 3,910 27,300 39,562 3,130 1,266 4,689 8,525 10,574 287,804 26,925 1,140 33,441 3,587 140,854 30,138 42 636.537

1975 151 20,830 9,908 25,184 28.423 9,835 2,218 219 11,576 15,664 243,440 23,886 1,564 26,753 5,426 321,715 48,365 0 795,157

1976 302 27,303 27,998 69,120 36,175 4,768 676 312 14,395 17,178 212,119 23,427 1,807 21,000 8,174 265.002 87,106 12,148 829,010

1977 50 - 22,536 47,177 38.230 473 5,317 - 23,022 38,139 181,742 2,546 1,023 24,788 4,012 25,740 187,723 0 602,515

1978 11 26,754 - 46,329 40,301 233 29,211 - 28,676 51,621 92,897 - 1,081 25,362 4,502 670 320,921 2,491 671,060

1979 13 9 28,903 38,525 37,527 17 17,855 - 25,120 83,388 125,497 92 743 22,988 4,665 245 353,493 63 719,143

1980 5 - 29,718 29,287 28,631 - 21,147 - 52.971 91,934 76,920 - 1,335 14,360 1,684 1,450 270,631 0 620,073

1981 67 449 24,791 9,520 21,333 51 27,942 - 94,553 89,964 62,099 1 1,964 15,052 2,500 3,816 238,892 90 592,994

1982 106 510 24,900 12,031 15,367 11,602 - 119,802 65,586 74,069 231 1,864 18,111 727 1,834 228,760 2,000 577,500

1983 102 - 35,815 15.449 11,620 5 22,924 - 90,375 74,441 79,970 - 1,242 12,669 1,941 1,271 189,217 0 537,041

1984 68 4 20,525 15,530 12,534 - 11,031 - 88,407 98,952 142,538 - 1.429 17,257 1,597 7,290 198,739 2 615,903 • 1985 44 1,538 18,820 F 9,900 17,515 - 11,807 65,634 38,723 115,799 3,998 13,933 888 11,756 173,122 0 483,477 F

F FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information - Data not available

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Volumes 42, 44, 52, 80 TABLE 9: ATLANTIC CANADIAN MACKEREL - PRODUCTION AND VALUE 1976-1987

(Quantities in Tonnes - Value in $'000's)

FRESH, ROUND OR DRESSED FROZEN, ROUND OR DRESSED FROZEN FILLETS FRESH & FROZEN BAIT PICKLED & CURED CANNED YEAR PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE

1976 3,435 1,349 1,711 679 - - 3,686 1,357 2,118 1,369 413 482

1977 2,076 589 2,831 1,290 209 174 3,087 1,036 2,172 1,751 1,745 1,296

1978 9,306 1,977 2,822 1,383 317 371 3,757 1,593 1,762 1,472 692 776

1979 9,662 2,773 3,871 1,714 606 708 5,316 2,504 2,865 1,835 868 1,383

1980 5,615 1,966 4,426 1,999 758 934 5,352 2,446 921 778 2,089 3,042

1981 3,361 1,134 7,803 4,598 51 65 4,759 2,449 822 745 1,243 2,117

1982 3,537 1,327 1,954 1,129 47 70 4,667 2,853 205 156 - -

1983 1,714 855 - - 87 120 8,019 4,774 553 749 518 1,046

1984 2,495 1,308 2,269 1,349 79 119 5,736 3,051 821 1,100 1,066 2,384

1985 1 3,000 1,890 8,780 - 382 - 6,218 - 752 - 1,572 -

19861 ' 2,700 1,700 5,736 - 911 - 6,110 - 1,240 - 1,763 -

19871 845 - 5,108 - 231 - 6,676 - 1,073 - 849 -

1 Preliminary - Data Not Available

SOURCE: Canadian Fisheries Annual Statistical Review, Volumes 10 - 17 (for 1976-1984) Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa (for 1985-1987) TABLE 10: NEWFOUNDLAND MACKEREL PRODUCTION AND VALUE 1976-1987

(Quantities in Tonnes - Value In $'000's)

FRESH, ROUND OR DRESSED FROZEN. ROUND OR DRESSED FRESH & FROZEN BAIT PICKLED & CURED CANNED YEAR PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE PROD. VALUE

1976 14 5 985 410 667 152 894 510 - -

1977 3 1 1,238 631 146 31 745 470 - -

1978 8,002 1,535 1,707 768 408 130 971 858 - -

1979 6,430 1,559 2,932 1,467 476 188 1,367 873 - -

1980 2,959 802 2,710 1,183 448 167 437 355 - -

1981 51 14 5,523 3,202 1,114 524 427 388 - -

1982 2 1 116 70 224 129 3 3 - -

1983 - - 3,364 2,047 3,926 2,245 391 570 - -

1984 - - 1,836 1,050 2,114 1,123 661 857 143 -

1985 0 0 9,042 - 2,969 - 539 - 102 -

1986 0 0 6,191 - 2,008 - 848 291 -

1987* 0 0 5,695 - 538 - 566 - 88 -

- Data Not Available * Preliminary

SOURCE: Fishery Statistics Newfoundland 1972, 1974, 1976 Canadian Fisheries Annual Statistical Review, Volumes 12, 14, 16, 17 Fisheries Statistics and Systems Branch, Newfoundland Region t

TABLE 11: WORLD INCKEREL PRODUCTION BY PRODUCT TYPE 1976-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes) 11 ATLANTIC, MACKERELS,

FROZEN CHUB, ATLANTIC, MACKERELS, DRIED, MACKERELS, MACKERELS, ATLANTIC, CANNED, MACKEREL I YEAR FILLETS FROZEN1 Ronall FR0ZEN1 SALTED SALTED SMOKED CANNED IN OIL, MEAL OR IN BRINE OR IN BRINE OR BRINE

3 5. 1

3,102 340,095 26,871 24,097 96,733 9.400 7.650 16.820 41.210 115,600 16,241

4,637 416,076 56,016 52,527 115,202 7.848 9.556 20,785 44,571 133,700 . 5 50,403

13,874 524,398 148,813 74,511 143.243 14,262 9.354 20,676 51.063 137,600 . E 97,417

. 5 47,797 • 10,642 577,531 150.4119 91,395 142.379 24,830 9,975 23,926 55,257 126,100 113333 11,882 523.856 123.073 129,134 157,163 17.480 13,141 22,100 45,400 150,908 . 5 34,507 . 14,933 322.780 89,997 127,155 139,286 20,914 15,458 20,439 48,435 116,222 27,084

8,629 279,871 77.026 96,206 105,783 26,343 11.463 23,039 47,118 82,235 8,487 5 15,857 346,648 62.239 119,272 108,743 21.399 8,177 19,491 46,637 53,240 . E 4,673

9,980 405,968 51.727 119,269 116,8e9 17,951 10,647 17,496 47,703 36,831 . 30,034 3 Ft

10,229 419,125 42,668 102.351 126,291 18,840 13,159 18,780 44.578 34,870 6,377

1 Excluding Fillets

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics - Fisheries Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 12: WORLD MACKEREL EXPORTS FRESH, CHILLED, FROZEN 1976-1985

(Quantities In Metric Tonnes)

COUNTRY OF LADING 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

United Kingdom 25,333 52,662 240,649 348,302 262,056 190,706 160,186 219,258 156,977 131,106

Netherlands 16,640 24,940 58,760 91,249 103,419 176,983 191,688 161,428 118,426 119,746

Ireland ... 6,683 ... 10,159 27,651 85,441 114,862 76,859 53,494 76,612

Norway 13,056 18,374 27,815 44,983 33,819 33,612 42,697 24,855 34,385 21,356

Japan 10,248 12,322 5,827 7,128 11,856 10,543 10,517 9,934 12,079 12,538

Denmark 8,972 17,713 16,017 20,961 17,996 15,394 11,354 11,376 9,016 11,492

FR Germany 2,140 10,767 21,471 17,781 23,062 18,811 16,882 11,043 9,927 8,144

Korean Republic 6,877 9,078 8,655 12,957 73,395 5,145 6,240 9,251 6,262 3,348

New Zealand 271 719 489 1,774 5,925 10,405 6,242 7,074 7,159 11,397

Canada 733 2,218 9,505 4,714 8,135 4,438 2,218 644 1,431 3,481

Faroe Islands 16,803 29,590 32,023 27,156 25,263 25 4,542 4,052 7,289 ...

Spain - 3,591 1,460 4,459 3,388 1,481 2,115 2,805 1,567 2,274

USA - - - - - 268 435 213 285 208

Sweden 2,339 1,969 1,645 2,498 692 1,595 275 758 822 146

Italy 58 495 62 211 543 149 192 684 191 175

Ecuador ------5,239 3,284 ......

France 6,421 7,586 12,206 8,854 6,809 4,620 3,046 3,537 4,170 2,631

Others 1,295 898 447 169 911 960 1,744 509 826 625

TOTAL 111,186 199,605 437,031 603,355 604,920 560,576 580,474 547,564 424,306 405,279

... Data Not Available

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Fishery Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 13: WORLD MACKEREL EXPORTS CANNED 1976-1985

(Quantities in Metric Tonnes)

COUNTRY OF LADING 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Japan 166,984 167,651 172,620 180,407 209,947 145,351 99,443 68,645 63,739 59,144

Denmark 3,437 4,871 5,918 6,837 8,602 9,618 9,276 8,641 9,146 10,407

Morocco 5,915 4,644 5,659 3,961 4,632 4,980 4,923 6,030 5,534 4,897

Portugal 3,021 4,553 4,244 5,077 4,271 1,554 2,057 2,064 2,490 4,577

Netherlands 1,775 2,077 1,978 2,284 1,786 1,787 2,744 2,256 1,688 1,835

Norway 803 877 941 1,002 1,010 1,078 927 728 480 1,410

Singapore 4,967 2,313 5,816 2,311 3,469 2,151 1,000 879 376 192

Korean Republic 1,386 2,241 3,288 1,897 950 880 1,061 1,870 1,740 591

France 541 915 745 435 486 787 991 1,030 888 884

FR Germany 232 427 482 823 620 919 1,106 977 643 910

Spain - - - - - 315 117 247 1,555 849

United Kingdom 301 389 1,525 1,382 842 208 159 389 1,147 979

New Zealand - - - 192 181 113 54 114 581 234

Ireland ... 5 ... 99 - - - - 295 464

Italy 4 72 56 67 18 89 40 35 70 44

Belguim 18 27 12 31 34 36 5 23 47 7

Chile - - 218 - 238 542 273 123 34 -

Ecuador - - - - - 3,374 2,068 - - -

USA 222 564 ------

Others 30 4 10 1 - 57 24 55 22 44

TOTAL 189,636 191,630 203,512 206,806 237,086 173,839 126,268 94,106 90,475 87,468

... Data Not Available

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Fishery Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 14: WORLD MACKEREL IMPORTS FRESH, CHILLED, FROZEN 1976-1985

(Quantities in Metric Tonnes)

COUNTRY OF DESTINATON 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Nigeria ...... 178,081 F 209,576 F 166,102 F 118,009 F 84,370 F 100,760 F

Netherlands 14,379 17,460 12,694 13,709 20,021 37,904 35,570 14,027 32,887 45,888

Denmark 24,788 35,332 40,232 33,389 46,748 37,961 34,255 21,922 28,198 34,144

Cote D'Ivolr 4,435 1,979 ... 19,870 8,734 22,056 19,181 7,269 26,830 30,016

Egypt - - 4,191 F 3,233 F 11,962 F 36,046 F 21,760 F 25,286 F 28,966 F 27,147 F

France 16,377 21,123 22,626 26,735 20,831 30,369 31,707 34,790 30,051 24,556

FR Germany 14,160 25,845 24,135 22,360 27,322 22,125 21,058 23,188 19,189 17,812

United Kingdom 790 756 1,010 3,063 6,701 9,398 21,531 27,964 20,505 13,302

Italy 6,321 7,854 6,815 9,109 8,302 8,600 6,715 9,187 8,838 9,315

Ireland ... 266 ... 7 772 7,640 18,236 17,457 10,382 6,569 japan 1,709 3,309 3,784 2,625 1,627 3,307 3,249 1,073 1,977 2,438

USA 1,823 2,329 2,771 2,246 2,673 1,991 1,830 1,968 3,658 2,801

Spain - 464 287 292 93 2,536 1,699 3,462 4,501 1,519

Sweden 2,076 1,880 2,054 1,564 1,532 1,581 1,909 1,585 1,693 1,808

Portugal ------1,806 1,178 1,222

Belguim 2,162 2,095 1,161 1,304 1,118 1,104 1,136 1,220 895 988

Norway 142 62 105 294 2,392 55 259 337 107 416

Faroe Islands - - 1,166 379 536 368 352 176 - -

Greece 432 335 603 ------484

Others - 986 20 130 59 23 17 2 25 649

TOTAL 89,594 122,075 123,654 140,309 339,504 432,640 386,566 310,728 304,250 321,834

. Data Not Available FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Fishery Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 15: WORLD MACKEREL IMPORTS CANNED 1976-1985

(Quantities in Tonnes)

COUNTRY OF DESTINATION 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Papau, 21,592 12,000 F 17,000 F 27,908 F 26,740 F 31,855 24,822 23,320 22,814 23,466 New Guinea

Italy 6,340 5,905 6,636 6,943 6,954 4,982 4,512 6,436 6,593 6,868

Sweden 1,783 1,746 2,284 2,667 2,918 3,430 3,402 2,818 3,199 3,510

Belguim 4,083 3,642 3,497 3,469 3,551 3,231 3,182 3,337 3,096 3,307

FR Germany 4,258 3,514 4,355 3,758 4,505 4,318 3,053 2,884 2,363 2,451

United Kingdom 3,112 2,609 1,254 1,395 2,249 1,561 1,546 2,049 1,923 2,329

Egypt 9,030 F 7,117 F 11,903 F 6,574 F 10,426 F 8,138 F 4,307 F 6,417 F 6,070 F 2,031 F

Jamaica 2,439 294 3,704 8,246 2,505 3,945 3,596 3,335 3,223 F 2,074 F

France 988 1,018 819 876 856 798 977 1,007 1,004 1,026

'ngapore 11,643 8,896 7,707 3,475 6,094 2,364 1,460 1,298 1,068 947

Nigeria ...... 60,032 F 69,381 F 47,838 F 16,234 F 25 F 516 F

Philippines 18,979 20,347 12,150 9,373 17,500 4,547 4,662 845 - -

Netherlands 1,291 1,478 1,237 1,117 1,371 1,084 1,071 1,265 760 679

Australia 241 615 764 787 1,185 1,321 796 618 642 616

Greece ------1,610 473 F 1,128

Finland 222 152 114 229 236 230 335 598 337 121 • Norway 40 78 33 115 42 186 195 124 145 136

Ireland ... 260 ... 104 158 96 151 82 75 46

Denmark 245 166 121 102 70 63 130 40 38 20

Others 1,953 2,143 3,258 2,320 2,311 2,844 1,985 1,455 880 1,686

TOTAL 88,239 71,980 76,836 79,458 149,703 144,374 108,020 75,772 54,728 52,957

Data Not Available FAO Estimate from Available Sources of Information

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Fishery Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 16-1: PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF WORLD MACKEREL EXPORTS/IMPORTS BY COUNTRY OF LADING/DESTINATION 1985

EXPORTS IMPORTS Fresh/Frozen % Canned % Fresh/Frozen % Canned %

United Kingdom 32.3 Japan 67.6 Nigeria 31.3 Papau, New Guinea 44.3 Netherlands 29.5 Denmark 11.9 Netherlands 14.3 Italy 13.0 Ireland 18.9 Morocco 5.6 Denmark 10.6 Sweden 6.6 Norway 5.3 Portugal 5.2 Cate D'Ivoire 9.3 Belguim 6.2 Japan 3.1 Netherlands 2.1 Egypt 8.4 West Germany (FRG) 4.6 Denmark 2.8 Norway 1.6 France 7.6 United Kingdom 4.4 Other 8.1 Other 6.0 Other 18.5 Other 20.9

TOTAL 100.0 TOTAL 100.0 TOTAL 100.0 TOTAL 100.0

TABLE 16-2: TRADE VALUE - U.S. DOLLARS 1985

EXPORTS IMPORTS Fresh/Frozen $/MT Canned S/MT Fresh/Frozen S/MT Canned S/MT

United Kingdom 166.64 Japan 1,123.24 Nigeria 460.79 Papau, New Guinea 897.89 Netherlands 335.81 Denmark 1,687.90 Netherlands 178.56 Italy 2,196.42 Ireland 395.21 Morocco 1,419.24 Denmark 229.61 Sweden 1,411.68 Norway 337.75 Portugal 2,024.90 Cate D'Ivoire 418.77 Belguim 2,094.04 Japan 601.77 Netherlands 1,348.77 Egypt 399.67 West Germany 1,709.91 Denmark 512.88 Norway 1,553.19 France 363.41 United Kingdom 1,667.66

SOURCE: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics - Fishery Commodities, Volume 61 TABLE 17: CANADIAN MACKEREL EXPORTS BY PRODUCT AND COUNTRY OF DESTINATION 1980-1987

(Quantities in Tonnes)

PRODUCT/COUNTRY 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 19871 OF DESTINATION

Whole or Dressed, Frozen 8,756 4,438 2,212 644 1,430 3,479 1,048 1,357

Nigeria 157 2,515 - 0 0 0 0 0

United States 1,356 832 500 586 692 861 626 505

Sweden 2,345 127 0 0 0 O 0 0

Bulgaria 3,721 0 0 0 0 0 0

USSR 0 350 1,400 58 251 2,579 366 155

Japan 0 0 0 - 424 0 0 193

Jamaica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 502

Other 1,177 614 312 - 63 39 56 2

Pickled and Cured 1,115 709 399 375 485 608 1,107 673

Lee-Wind Island 358 336 171 77 126 0 0 0

United States 359 279 128 274 191 327 362 250

Jamaica 0 0 0 - 156 151 614 341

Trinidad - Tobago 0 35 84 0 0 0 0 0

0thei* 398 59 16 24 12 130 131 82

1 Preliminary - Covers Janaury to November

NOTE: "Other" may include countries already listed under Country of Destination; i.e. 0 - means not specified

SOURCE: Canadian Fisheries, "International Trade", November 1987; December 1986, 1985 Canadian Fisheries, "Exports", December 1984, 1983, 1982, 1981 TABLE 18: VALUE OF CANADIAN MACKEREL EXPORTS 1979-1987

YEAR FROZEN, WHOLE OR DRESSED WHOLE OR SPLIT PICKLED PICKLED FILLETS $/t $/lb. $/t $/lb. $A $/lb

1979 402 0.18 746 0.34 814 0.37

1980 320 0.14 750 0.34 862 0.39

1981 722 0.33 907 0.41 1,405 0.64

1982 424 0.19 962 0.44 - 1,076 0.49

1983 650 0.29 1,319 0.60 1,547 0.70

1984 560 0.25 1,039 0.47 1,180 0.53

1985 506 0.23 *1,197 0.54

1986 646 0.29 *1,168 0.53

1987 647 0.29 *1,300 0.59

* Includes Pickled Fillets.

SOURCE: Canadian Fisheries Annual Statistical Review, Volumes 14, 15, 17 Canadian International Trade, Dec./85; Dec./86 TABLE 19: NEWFOUNDLAND MACKEREL EXPORTS 1983-1987

(Quantities in Tonnes)

PRODUCT/COUNTRY 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 OF DESTINATION

Frozen, Whole or Dressed

USA 93 81 463 403 203

USSR 36 251 304 366 -

Japan - 20 - - 586

St. Pierre-Miquelon - 5 - - -

Sweden - - 21 - - -

*Jamaica - - - - 91

Denmark - _ - - 1

TOTAL 129 357 788 769 881

Cured, Whole or Split

USA 55 13 40 88 27

Jamaica - - 12 30 107

Trinidad - Tobago - - - 40 16

Lee-Wind Islands 30 23 - 16 16

Peurto Rico - - - - 1

TOTAL 85 36 52 174 167

Cured Fillets

USA 84 77 195 131 104

TOTAL 84 77 195 131 104

SOURCE: Statistics Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland It TABLE 20: WORLD MACKEREL PRICES BY PRODUCT FORM

MK)LE BLOCK FROZEN WET/SALTED MEDIUM DRIED STEAKS 11 FILLETS IN OIL 1

Indicative Price Price Reference Indicative Price Price Reference Indicative Price Price Reference Date $ US/KG of Market Area Origin. $ US/KG of Market Area Origin. $ US/KG of Market Area Origin. 15151515 z -- 12 ._ il January 15, 1986 0.94 To Wholesaler, Indonesia 2.25 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 Korea z ,_._ 11 Singapore Hong Kong 12.50 Japan 32 T, April 1, 1986 0.92 To Wholesaler, Indonesia 2.45 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 -- Korea .2 6

Singapore Hong Kong 12.50 12 2 Japan 1515 - . 2 . 6 . August 15, 1986 0.62 fob Senegal Senegal 0.80 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 .. Korea 2 ; . 5 . . Hong Kong 12.50 Japan • 15151515__ 11515 22 - 12 .!

January 31, 1987 0.98 To Wholesaler, Indonesia 1.70 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 Korea .t .' 22 Singapore Hong Kong 12.50 Japan 1 , .! April 15, 1987 0.60 cif Saudi Arabia Holland 1.30 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 51 Korea . . 2 3 _

Indian Mackerel: Saudi Arabia Hong Kong 12.50 Japan 1.46 cif Middle East 11515 ■■ 22 11 00

September 1, 1987 0.47 cif Cate d'Ivoiro Ireland 1.95 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 SI Korea Hong Kong 12.50 1 Japan " m __ GT AA December 1, 1987 0.61 cif Cote d'Ivoire Ireland 1.35 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 ■ Korea 1 11 ■■ : , 0.42 Holland Hong Kong 12.50 Japan - __ __ 57 AA April 1, 1988 1.00 cif Middle East India 2.15 Wholesale, Hong Kong 11.80 Korea .1

Hong Kong 12.50 Japan

1 Each carton contains 48 - 7 oz. cans.

SOURCE: Infofish Trade News, Volumes 1/86, 6/86, 15/86, 2/87, 7/87, 16/87, 22/87, 6/88